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State formation is a process. Every state in the world is somewhere along the continuum working its way forward or backward. This is where I think Nigeria is on the continuum. What do you think? 
People take Stage 1 for granted because geographic homogeneity is a common assumption. But drawing boundaries can be a violent process. Who are you including that wants out? How do you deal with pockets of opposition that threaten the contiguousness of the map? Crush or resettle?
Stage 1 is usually driven by people with some sort of power. For instance, ISWAP has penetrated some territories in the Northeast. These territories were not ceded voluntarily by the previous occupiers. This is only the first step of state formation.
