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We found a way to mount *remote timing* attacks on *constant-time* cryptographic code running on modern x86 processors. How is that possible? With #hertzbleed! Here is how it works (with @YingchenWang96).
hertzbleed.com
hertzbleed.com
Modern CPUs dynamically adjust their frequency to reduce power consumption (during low CPU loads) and ensure that the system stays below power and thermal limits (during high CPU loads). You might have heard of this feature under names like DVFS, Turbo Boost, Turbo Core, etc.
We found that, under certain circumstances, dynamic frequency scaling depends on the data being processed, enabling *frequency side channels*. The cause is that periodic frequency adjustments depend on the current CPU power consumption, which is data dependent.
