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Despite the importance of #blinding in medical research, most trials don't assess blinding integrity, partially because there is no method to adjust trial results for blinding integrity... until now! New preprint with implications for #microdose and #psychedelic research 🧪🧵👇
First, we define activated expectancy bias (AEB), which is an uneven distribution of expectancy effects between treatment arms due to patients recognizing their treatment allocation. AEB can be viewed as residual expectancy bias not eliminated by the trial’s blinding procedure.
The main idea behind AEB is that if treatment allocation can be deduced by participants, then, treatment expectancy can bias the outcomes in the same manner as it biases non-blinded trials, for example as in open-label trials. 
