Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #microbial
Most recents (7)
If you are attempting #Prelims2023, follow the hashtag - #PrelimsWithDrishtiIAS - for daily updates!
#200PinsForPrelims #UPSC #UPSC2023 #IAS #CSE #Microbial #FuelCells #Organisms #Prelims #Physics #Chemistry #Biology #GeneralStudies #ScienceFacts #DrishtiIAS #DrishtiIASEnglish
#200PinsForPrelims #UPSC #UPSC2023 #IAS #CSE #Microbial #FuelCells #Organisms #Prelims #Physics #Chemistry #Biology #GeneralStudies #ScienceFacts #DrishtiIAS #DrishtiIASEnglish
The Correct answer is (D)
(1/4)Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacteria as the catalysts to oxidize organic and inorganic matter and generate current.
(1/4)Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are devices that use bacteria as the catalysts to oxidize organic and inorganic matter and generate current.
(2/4)Electrons produced by the bacteria from these substrates are transferred to the anode (negative terminal) and flow to the cathode (positive terminal). Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
Team examines if #Huntington’s genetic mutation that predisposes to immune cell + neural tissue problems cld faciliate #microbial colonization of the of HD brain 👉 Find microbiome (bacteria + a variety of fungal structures) in HD autopsied brains: frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
2/ Some of the #fungi were found in the striatum + frontal cortex of seven #HD patient #brains, w/ close proximity to the nucleus, or even as intranuclear inclusions 👉 and prevalent #bacterial genera included Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia.
3/ Some of the identified #fungi create #mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and trichothecenes 👉 which can provoke cellular injuries including ROS production + #mitochondria dysfunction
Wow this is major 👉 In simple terms, infection can change the #electrical properties of #macrophages in a way that eventually directs the white blood cells away from the site of #infection...allowing the escape of the macrophages that contain pathogens
Also, remember this study? 👉 which found that #bacteria in #biofilm communities not only coordinate their own behavior, but also influence the behavior of diverse species at a distance☝️via ion channel mediated long-range electrical signaling: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
And this study 👉 which found that #bacteria in the human gut can generate #electricity☝️The genes that code for this electrical transfer were identified in hundreds of bacterial species, including human pathogens: nature.com/articles/s4158…
THIS 👉 While the authors frame their findings in a postitive light, the primary mechanism described below (molecular #mimicry b/t #microbial + host signaling molecules) 👉 is also a central mechanism by which organisms can dysregulate host #metabolism in chronic disease
Bacteria in the study create #ligands very similar in size/shape to human ligands that control human GPCR receptor signaling 👉 if such #bacteria change their activity due to #dysbiosis/immunosuppression☝️the ligands they create may begin to dysregulate GPCR receptor signaling
To better understand what I’m talking about read the following sections of my latest paper👇Although the paper focuses on the illness #ME/CFS 👉what I explain about molecular mimicry b/t #microbial + host #metabolites/proteins pertains to many conditions: frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
This team successfully identified key factors driving a complex multifactorial disease tied to persistent #infection! (necrotizing colitis)👉 They used a combo of genome-resolved #metagenomics + machine learning approaches to identify #microbial features predictive of the illness
Features considered included genes, #bacterial strain types, eukaryotes, bacteriophages, plasmids + growth rates 👉 ...which allowed the team to “uncover #biomarkers that could lead to early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis and targets for #microbiome-based therapeutics.”
Important consideration from study👉 “Bioinformatics techniques can also infer in situ bacterial replication rates directly from #metagenomic data, an important metric, as some #microbiome-related diseases have a signal related to bacterial replication but not relative abundance”
Team searches for prokaryotic small #proteins in #HMP dataset that are traditionally hard to detect 👉 Describe more than 4000 conserved protein families, most of which are novel (90% have no known domain, and ~1/2 are not represented in reference genomes):biorxiv.org/content/early/…
Small #proteins identified by the team are 👉 potentially involved in crosstalk w/ the host or other #microbial cells, may be subject to horizontal #gene transfer...and may be related to defense against #phage or other bacteria (among other functions!): biorxiv.org/content/biorxi…
Also, important previous discoveries by Ami S Bhatt and @kyrpides (both authors of the small protein paper) 👉 are featured in my recent article: “My favorite 2018 #papers that impact the study of chronic inflammatory disease”☝️Check them out: microbeminded.com/2018/12/30/myf…
Paper proposes that changes to the maternal gut #microbiome during #pregnancy alter levels of microbial #metabolites (including neurotransmitters + neuropeptides)👉 If these metabolites cross the placental barrier, they may impact fetal #brain development:ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
It follows that gut #microbiome dysbiosis in the mother may change how #microbial metabolites regulate + prime infant #microglia and other neuroimmune cells 👉 This dysregulation may contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental disorders including #autism:
Quote from paper 👉 “We address an emerging #hypothesis behind neurodevelopmental disorders, which implicates #microbiome dysbiosis in the atypical programming of neuroimmune cells, namely microglia”: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
