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When someone is diagnosed with cancer, part of the tissue is removed and put into a solution that fixes it in time and place (called a fixative).

The tissue is then cut into very thin sections, put on a slide, and stained with dyes that help pathologists to visualize the tissue.
I took an amazing histology and pathology course when I was doing my PhD at @RutgersU in New Jersey USA. (Hi Dr. Reuhl!)

The first and most common stain is hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). Here are two pictures of normal skin and cancerous skin. Can you tell the difference?
Hematoxylin stains nuclei dark blue or purple while eosin stains proteins in the cytoplasm of cells. While it’s great to show structure it doesn’t distinguish cells from connective tissue.

Enter: trichrome stain.

red= keratin and muscle fibers
blue= collagen
orange= RBC
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