Thread by @MattGrossmann

Across Western democracies, the education divide slowly reversed where the educated now vote for parties of the left, even as the income divide (with rich voting for parties of the right) usually remained

From Political Cleavages & Social Inequalities:
hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…

There is no cross-national increase in the age divide. But later generations have both been more educated & more likely to divide in their voting based on education (with educated younger voting left & non-educated younger voting right)
hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…

There has also been a reversal of the gender divide in most Western countries; women used to be more likely to vote for parties of the right & are now more likely to vote for parties of the left, but there is plenty of variation

hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…

In the US, the education reversal has been strong but concentrated at the top. It used to be that the more educated you were, the more Republican you were. It then reversed at the top, but is attenuated at the bottom by race & income

hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…

The US education divide move began in the late 1960s but coincided with an increase in the wealth divide (similar elsewhere without a race story). In recent decades, the education divide has continued rising but now with an end to the income/wealth divide
hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…

Political Cleavages & Social Inequalities also has lots of non-Western trends & covers other cleavages. Interestingly, the urban-rural cleavage is reversed (with the left doing better in rural areas) in many places due to ethnicity, incumbency, or region

hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?is…