Not everybody commit scientific fraud at the same rate. Let's look at some data. First retraction rates.
We can also look at the top list of most fraudulent researchers ever (so far those that were caught). Note: data from 2019 list. There's quite a few non-Europeans.
This is important because we want a per capita measure of sorts. For highly regarded journals, European built countries produced about 75% of science (Nature Index), but maybe 30% of top fraudsters.
Looking at the broader construct of misconduct, we can do the same thing. It seems East Asians commit this about 40x times more than Europeans. Staggering.
Some clever researchers used scraping to download 1000s studies and looked for studies with duplicated images from other studies.
One journal editor went to the unusual step of analyzing the data in submitted papers. This is what he found:
Looking beyond science, to other life dishonesty, we may note that in Asia, they make heist-type movies where the object is test cheating. Here, Thailand.
There was the famous wallet study too.
Broader still, corruption index (note Singapore!)
We also studied dishonesty by race in survey data, by self-report, parent-report, and interviewer-report. Too few Asians unfortunately, but the other gaps were seen as expected.
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