the fertility decline in modern europe began in france in ca. the 1830s and then spread to other nations *before* things like higher population density and higher urbanization existed and quite separately from the industrial revolution. nber.org/papers/w25957 h/t @Sam_Schulman! 
fertility transition in france and cousin marriage in france (in the 20th century).
=P
"[Blanc] also finds that subscriptions to Diderots Encyclopédie is negatively correlated with fertility across French départements in 1831, even when controlling for industrial
output per capita, urbanization, literacy and pre-industrial development."
"[Blanc] also finds that subscriptions to Diderots Encyclopédie is negatively correlated with fertility across French départements in 1831, even when controlling for industrial
output per capita, urbanization, literacy and pre-industrial development."
note that the fertility decline in france appears to predate the revolution. it was already being commented upon in 1778:
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