“Like a flatulent anus, the mouth produces too many words.”
“Like a flatulent anus, the mouth produces ‘excellence’”
Two proverbs recorded in Sumerian and Akkadian, respectively, survive on a fragment from the Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, and are both somewhat insightful
The history of slavery in ancient Mesopotamia does not give a clear-cut divide between enslaved and free. There were degrees of freedom and mobility among enslaved and free(d) people. It’s nuanced, important social history.
Image: the sale of an enslaved person named Aya-idâ
i have no idea, but here’s a thread on the history of the wheel in ancient Mesopotamia because the possible answers are unsurprisingly really interesting
there are a few places to look for early evidence of the wheel (or anything really), like…
1. archaeological evidence, or an actual wheel 2. written evidence, or textual references to a wheel 3. art, or depictions of the wheel
all three are attested for ancient Mesopotamia
let’s start with the wheel in art from ancient Mesopotamia.
the Early Dynastic Period was amazing for lots of reasons, and beautifully decorated pottery is one of them. this painted jar from early 3rd millennium BCE Khafajah is no exception
Many of you may have heard of Hammurabi's "Law Code", often (incorrectly) called the earliest collection of laws recorded on a 4,000-year-old diorite monument.
But why is this incorrect, what is this extremely cool artefact about, and what do we still not know about it?
The monument that records Hammurabi's Laws is not the earliest collection of legal provisions.
Three centuries earlier, during the best-documented period of history in ancient Iraq, a ruler named Ur-Nammu (or Namma) had laws written out in the Sumerian language.
"If a man presents himself as a witness but is demonstrated to be a perjurer, he shall weigh and deliver 15 shekels of silver."
Written in Sumerian, the Laws of Ur-Nammu date to around 2100 BCE, but many have not survived.
In 235 BCE, a boy named Aristocrates was born, and someone made predictions about his life based on where the sun, moon, and planets were in the sky.
“Venus was in 4° Taurus. The place of Venus (means) he will find favour wherever he goes.”
“The moon was in 12° Aquarius. His days will be long.”
According to his horoscope, Anu-belshunu was born on December 29, 248 BCE some time in the evening, probably in Uruk. I just love that we know that about him.
Only ~30 horoscopes survive from ancient Babylonia, and they all contain similar info in a similar order.
Date and time of birth. Positions of the sun, moon, and planets in the zodiac. Eclipses that year. Solstice and equinox data. Sometimes, a prediction.