Brad Setser Profile picture
Aug 22, 2019 5 tweets 2 min read Read on X
It is pretty clear that the U.S. tax reform had a large impact on the U.S. BoP data: FDI flows reversed in 2019, as U.S. firms brought back past investments).

But it also may be mucking around with the global data. The fall in inward FDI to the EA correlates with US tax reform
The fit isn't perfect -- the EA data indicates that investment from the US fell off before the tax reform, and I don't understand the mechanism why investment from others into the EA would fall with the US tax reform
the BoP math is sort of straight-forward:

the "reinvested" (tax deferred) earnings of US firms used to count as an increase in US FDI abroad. So when those funds are returned, US outward FDI falls.

and conversely inward FDI into places like the EA and Bermuda should fall
basically, tax avoidance under the old U.S. law led to a buildup of US FDI abroad (technically), and that is now reversing.

Some will say this is globalization going backwards, but in a real sense it is not ...
in any case, help understanding the EA data would be most appreciated -- outward EA FDI has also gone done it seems, so the net swing is more modest that the change in gross flows over the last 6qs

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More from @Brad_Setser

Apr 22
Absolutely superb synthesis of the academic and policy debate over trade and payment imbalances by Tooze --

1/
I might quibble with a couple of Adam's points, just as he sometimes pushes back on a few of my arguments

But Adam gets the big picture right, unlike the IMF --

What's radically new is the scale of the surplus in manufacturirng Asia/ China

2/ Image
That's true in dollar terms, that is also true as a share of WGDP (the Asian surplus is 2x its level in the pre-Plaza 80s, and 2x its level before the GFC -- when imbalances were more disbursed and the oil surplus was bigger)

3/ Image
Read 12 tweets
Apr 20
Taiwan's willingness to do absolutely anything and everything to keep the chip boom from putting pressure on the wildly undervalued Taiwan dollar is unw=matched ...

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the preference for a structurally undervalued currency is very deeply entrenched. Why should Taiwanese companies pay dividends in local currency -- best to keep the chip windfall all offshore ...

2/

bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
And why do Taiwan's lifers -- who hold foreign bonds against TWD policies -- need to hedge if that just creates unwanted pressure on the currency to appreciation ...

3/

cfr.org/articles/taiwa…
Read 4 tweets
Apr 19
Interesting WSJ story about the Emirates request for a swap line --

the UAE hasn't reported its end March reserves but it went into the conflict with tons of reserves and no shortage of liquid bills in US custodians

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Given the central bank's ample apparent liquidity, the immense assets of Abu Dhabi's sovereign funds and the UAE/ Abu Dhabi's clear ability to borrow dollars, I am not sure there is a realistic prospect that the UAE will ever run short of dollars

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But the fact that they have asked is interesting -- and they clearly think the threat of using yuan is a way to get the attention of the United States (my sense is that the Trump Administration is a bit too concerned about this ... )

3/

wsj.com/world/middle-e…
Read 8 tweets
Apr 16
Fx settlement is in my view the single best proxy for China's true intervention. It looks like China, Inc bought about $35b in fx in March even with all the turmoil in the oil market. That's down from the (crazy) $100b in purchases in Dec/ Jan but still big

1/ Image
The magnitude of the purchases over the last 12ms of data $460b spot, $580b including forwards creates the basis for a Treasury finding of manipulation if it so desired --

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The Treasury would have to look to a period other the calendar 2025 in the April report -- but if it decided to base its determination of activity in h2 2025 (and q1 2026) the scale of intervention (measured by fx settlement) clears the existing threshholds

3/ Image
Read 5 tweets
Apr 14
My work on this earth may be nearly over -- or at least my work of the last 4ys could be in its final chapter.

The FT's Big Read is on the China sock 2.0 (one of my favorite phrases) and the pink paper endorsed the concept of "shadow reserves"!

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This is the definitive synthesis of the macro and the micro, of currency policy and industrial policy and much more

Great piece



2/ft.com/content/7d51a6…
"The country’s protracted property slump and weak social safety net have curbed consumer spending, resulting in zero inflation last year and an increasing reliance on external demand to prop up growth."

yep

3/
Read 9 tweets
Apr 10
Joe Gagnon (@GagnonMacro) should take a victory lap; the IMF has conceded intervention does have a real impact --

"A growing empirical literature finds that such intervention can systematically generate real exchange rate depreciation and raise current account balances"

1/
I also take a bit of satisfaction in this conclusion; it explains why I have been systematically tracking official asset accumulation for close to 20 years!

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The next step is for the IMF to rethink how intervention & official asset accumulation enters into its current account model. The current variable only uses formal central bank intervention & interacts it "optimal" v realized capital controls. So it has no practical impact

3/
Read 7 tweets

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