It is pretty clear that the U.S. tax reform had a large impact on the U.S. BoP data: FDI flows reversed in 2019, as U.S. firms brought back past investments).
But it also may be mucking around with the global data. The fall in inward FDI to the EA correlates with US tax reform
The fit isn't perfect -- the EA data indicates that investment from the US fell off before the tax reform, and I don't understand the mechanism why investment from others into the EA would fall with the US tax reform
the BoP math is sort of straight-forward:
the "reinvested" (tax deferred) earnings of US firms used to count as an increase in US FDI abroad. So when those funds are returned, US outward FDI falls.
and conversely inward FDI into places like the EA and Bermuda should fall
basically, tax avoidance under the old U.S. law led to a buildup of US FDI abroad (technically), and that is now reversing.
Some will say this is globalization going backwards, but in a real sense it is not ...
in any case, help understanding the EA data would be most appreciated -- outward EA FDI has also gone done it seems, so the net swing is more modest that the change in gross flows over the last 6qs
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14m cars would be roughly 1/4th of the global market for cars outside China (the Chinese market is ~ 25m cars) ... no way that doesn't have a disruptive impact.
China would go from 6 to 14m cars in a two year period if 2025 isn't an outlier ...
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Not clear that German/ European politics can caught up to the scale of China's export tsunami. And some European firms think they can profit from China's subsidies and strong local supply chain by producing in China for the European market
For some reason I decided to look at the external financial of investments of the main Scandinavian countries in a bit more depth --
Big surpluses, and tend to split the outflow equally between bonds and stocks
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For the big 3 collectively, portfolio flows map well to the current account surplus -- which is a common outcome now that there is less intermediation via the central bank. Denmark's portfolio flows tho are now a bit smaller than its accumulated surplus
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The Danes hold about $40 billion (per the IMF's coordinated investment survey) of US bonds, and $260 billion in US equities. The teacher's pension fund played the news well -- in aggregate, it would be hard for the Danish public funds to move the US bond market
China's premier says China wants to be a market for the world, not just a source of supply.
He might want to get get started.
China exported over 7m passenger cars in 2025, and the pace of growth accelerated at the end of the year
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Passenger car imports are down to half a million, and falling fast ... no market for the world there
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As an aside the pace of China's (N)EV exports doubled over the course of 2025 -- huge, huge growth ... China is still a source of global supply there, not a source of global demand
The technicals around the long-end of the Japanese curve are difficult: the natural buyers are all underwater on their legacy holdings, making it a hedge fund playground.
I tho would love to hear a good explanation of the fiscal concerns, gross debt isn't the only metric
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Maybe the IMF's data is off, but it has the general government deficit in 2025 at under 2 pp pf GDP (way better than the US) and it likely would be ~ 2% of GDP even with Takaichi's 0.7 pp of GDP(?) stimulus
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Net debt is much more clearly on a downward trajectory than the US -- and the net interest bill is very modest comparatively (even with high gross debt); it will get worse JGBs are refinanced but there is room to give a bit ...
Gonna push back against my friends* at FT alphaville just a bit.
The countries that have backed the Danes most strongly (and the Danes themselves) are the surplus countries of Europe & they have generally have a ton of public sector financial assets
The Dutch are a good example; massive public sector pension funds. Sweden isn't that different. Denmark has big public investors (Norway is all Norges Bank obvly)
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With Germany you need to be a bit more creative -- but the Sparkassen have way more deposits than loans, and put a lot of money into bonds ... ask Christian Kopf
Allianz is ultimately a regulated German insurer, subject to public pressure
The fall in China's real estate investment -- which can still be mapped to objective indicators -- if anything accelerated toward the end of 2025 ...
1/many
. @KeithBradsher covered this well is the Times' story on China's 5% (shock, shock) reported growth in 2025 ... which understandably (being non-news) got overshadowed by the real news over Trump's Greenland/ peace prize obsession
@KeithBradsher All of the key line items in China's fixed asset investment series are now falling on a y/y basis (the trailing 12m sum is a lagged indicator), with an inflection point around June