The ‘CHAKRAVYUH’ or ‘PADMAVYUH’ is a multi-tier defensive formation that looks like a blooming lotus (Padma) or disc (chakra) when viewed from above.
Most of the colloquial art form describes Chakravyuha as a spiral with the formation in a constant state of rotation. According to some theorists, Chakravyuha consisted of four spirally winding circles of elephants, chariots, horses and infantry.
(12th Cent Halebidu,Karnataka)
The implementation of Chakravyuha requires an excellent general to plan & execute it or else it can very easily backfire & end up confusing & decimating one’s own troops.
As Abhimanyu led the Pandava army into the heart of the vyuh, Jayadratha closed the gap behind him and kept the rest of the pandava supporting force out. To break in and then break out, one needs a great deal of speed and skill with the bow & a very skilled charioteer.
Abhimanyu was lost the minute Jayadratha closed the gap behind him. He was 16 years old, a mere boy against seasoned warriors.
Death of Abhimanyu, Arjuna´s son - from Mahabharata, Bengal School of art
Jahanara & Roshanara were daughters of #Shahjahan & sisters of #Aurangzeb & Dara Shikoh. Jahanara favored Dara, and Roshanara favored Aurangzeb.
If Jahanara was kind hearted, Roshanara was politically astute.
Cont.
During the bloody war of succession between Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh, these two women engaged themselves in a bitter political battle within the walls of their palace that went on to dominate the larger part of their lives.
Even though the throne was ordained to pass to Dara, Aurangzeb was a man with ambition. He revolted and demanded his share of the kingdom. It was only through Roshanara’s timely information that Aurangzeb averted certain death as a part of a conspiracy.
The Story of creation of the Stock Markets.
(A Thread)
The Dutch East India Company was The World's First Public Company and the company had many ships.
So, When East Indies was discovered, explorers rushed there in hopes of finding opportunities for trade & profits.
The Voyage to those far Eastern places was dangerous filled with pirates and storms.
Majority of the ships never made it home.
Many of the businessmen and investors who financed these voyages lost a ton of dollars.
@irfhabib @IndiainDenmark @maroofculmen So, they thought of a genius ploy to help them mitigate that risk by pooling their money together.
In 1600, they formed this company called:
"Governor and company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies" I.e. The Dutch East India Company.
Today On 20th May 1498, Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut.
The ruler Zamorin, welcomed Vasco & his merchants, but was not prepared to concede to their demand to exclude the indian merchants from his port.
The Portuguese basically had come not to compete but to create a monopoly over sea trade. So, after 5 yrs Vasco returned..
In 1503 Vasco da Gama returned with a large fleet to destroy 80 ships Zamorin had assembled to defend the freedom of the seas and was successful.
Finally, in 1508 Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the sultanate of Bijapur, the Adil Shahis and laid the foundations for Portugese dominance in India.
Pic:- The 1st Church in Goa to commemorate the capture, 1510.
West Bengal has been on a decline ever since 1963, when CM of the state Bidhan Chandra Roy passed away. He reinforced the foundations of the state after partition, got the many institutions & engineering hubs.
Cont.-
Calcutta and Jadavpur used to be the prime universities in India those days. WB had the IIM, IIT, Indian Statistical Institute, the Operations Research School, Bengal Engineering College, Presidency College, SXC, Scottish Church and many other venerable institutes.
It was the HQ of Birla, JK, Bangur, and Thapar and Tata. The grand Tata Centre was built for that purpose. This was the vision of TATA'S. Most of their investment was in Jamshedpur. Most foreign companies had their India HQs in Calcutta.
The Story of 1st Indian Ink Company from Kolkata.
(A Thread)
During the 1930s, when the Swadeshi movement was at its peak, its founder Mahatma Gandhi was ferociously looking for a locally-made ink to write letters and petitions.
Cont.-
He shared this with Satish Chandra Das Gupta, a freedom fighter from WB. Credited with making Krishnadhara, India’s 1st Swadeshi ink, Gupta shared his formulation with the Maitra brothers, Nanigopal & Sankaracharya.
Newspaper clipping how Sulekha was started at Gandhi's request.
The brothers, who had just been released from jail and jumped on the opportunity to defy the British again. The deep-rooted nationalism was such that Nanigopal even left his teaching job at the Rajshahi University, as he was ordered to switch from dhoti to a suit.
When we say "the father gave her daughter's hand in marriage" do we think of an evil father casting away his child or do we think of a well dressed gentleman leading his child upto the groom in a church?
Do we ever ask ourselves what right a father has to give his daughter's hand to someone else ?
We do not.
Because everything that is from the west and it's Judeo Christian cultural backdrop is sacrosanct.
If "giving her hand in marriage" is okay , then what is so fundamentally wrong with "kanyadaan" ?
We'll , it is wrong just because it is hindu (read pagan idol worshipping natives) . Our colonial masters taught us to hate our roots and we have since continued with the practice.