I assessed what the macro data tells us about the Tax Cut & Jobs Act for @AEIdeas. My bottom line: "not much". Since passage GDP growth has slowed slightly as slowing consumption & investment growth only partly offset by faster govt spending. #TCJANowWhataei.org/publication/no…
The second sense in which the data tell us "not much" is that is the difficulty of extracting the signal (the effect of the tax cut) from the noise (the effect of the Fed, global economy, trade war, oil prices, fiscal stimulus, etc. etc. etc.)
A lot of sector-specific stories are important. This table tells some of them: (i) oil-related investment growth slowed dramatically as oil prices stopped their rapid rise; (2) software and R&D growth increased for reasons unrelated to the TCJA; and (3) everything else slowed.
At least three macro stories are also important but go in different directions: fiscal stimulus boosted the economy while the trade wars and interest rate increases went in the opposite direction.
Sorting all of this out the main conclusion is that the second sense of "not much" (hard to extract the signal from the noise) reinforces the first sense of "not much" (if the tax cut was so important relative to everything else we would see the signal much more clearly).
The best hope for a better understanding of the causal impact of the TCJA will be microeconomic research that looks at how similar firms are affected differently by the law and tracking their differential responses.
Ultimately, however, the most important issue is what to do going forward. I believe we can have a more efficient business tax system while raising more revenue than the current system. I couldn't explain it in 280 characters so you'll have to read the image.
I really appreciate @aparnamath and @erinmelly2 inviting me to write this--and recommend you stay tuned for the all star cast they have doing upcoming blogs on the TCJA drawing on a diverse set of expertise and perspectives. aei.org/tag/trumps-tax…
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Senator's Cassidy and Kaine outline a plan to "rescue" Social Security. Both Senators are very thoughtful, bipartisanship on this issue is essential, but unfortunately I'm mostly skeptical on this proposal.
This 🧵 outlines some of the major considerations:
They propose the government borrowing $1.5 trillion to invest in stocks..
Simultaneously general revenue would cover full Social Security full benefits.
The way the government, or at least the Social Security acturies, does its accounting their plan works. Eg assume a 5% borrowing cost & 9% stock return then after 75 yrs govt hedge fund has net ~$640T, or ~$25T NPV--same as Social Security shortfall.
The extraordinary U.S. economy continues to be extraordinary. 147K jobs added in June with upward revisions to April and May. Unemployment rate ticks down to 4.1%. Some contrary signs: participation rate down and hours down + weak wage growth.
Note all of this while the Federal government continues to shed jobs--although the job reductions (averaging 11k per month this year) are still small compared to underlying private sector job trends. (And in June state and local education increases overwhelmed federal cuts.)
Core PCE inflation came in just as expected. It has been very tame for the last three months--but shouldn't think of them in isolation but as part of a noisy process where inflation was much higher before.
And in big inflation news, the CPI-based Ecumenical Underlying Inflation measure was exactly 2.0% in May, consistent with the Fed's target. This is the first time it has been there since I started this concept during the inflationary episode.
The ecumenical measure takes the median of 21 different measures: 7 different concepts (e.g., with and without housing) over 3, 6 and 12 months--all re-meaned to match the PCE inflation that the Fed targets.
In practice it is very similar to 6-month core CPI (re-meaned).
I didn't share the basic data earlier. Here is core CPI, came in well below expectations in May.
A boring jobs report, in a good way. 139K jobs added (140K private). Unemployment rate unchanged at 4.2%. Hours unchanged. Only notable deviations from steady state were participation down and unusual wage growth up.
Note, Federal employment continued to decline. But state and local added almost as much.
Strong jobs report. 177K jobs added. Unemployment rate steady at 4.2% but participation rate up and U-6 down. Hours steady. A slowdown in hourly wage growth.
Federal employment was down a bit but state and local more than made up for it. The trend in private jobs is basically the same as total.
Unemployment rate very slowly drifted up for the last year and a half.