1837-1841: first national depression. Jefferson-Jackson Democrats had dominated national politics for previous three decades. In 1840, they lost both presidency and House to brand-new party, the Whigs.
That's atop a malodorous record of pre-crisis corruption and failure
When people say, "Biden needs a message" - he's already got one, same as every out party amid disaster: "Had enough?"
Many of the incumbent parties taken down by economic crisis had deep strength beforehand.
Jackson party pre-1837;
Coolidge GOP pre-1932;
New Deal Dems pre-1980.
They got crushed by crisis even so.
Trump GOP was unpopular even before the pandemic struck. Now? Yikes.