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Week 4 English Civil War 1645

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Winchester Castle was besieged one final time during the English Civil War. Although the castle was in the custody of Parliamentarian Sir William Waller at the outbreak of war in 1642, it was seized by royalists under Sir William Ogle in the following year.
When Oliver Cromwell arrived at Winchester on 28 September 1645, the city almost immediately surrendered to him. However the castle held under heavy mortar and cannon fire for a week before its defences were severely reduced. Ogle was forced to surrender the castle on 6 October.
Owing to the historic royalist sympathies of Winchester, it was decided in 1649 that Winchester Castle should be dismantled so that it may never pose a threat again. This decision saw the castle walls and towers slighted but protected the Great Hall due to its use as a law court.
A view of the ruined castle from St Giles’s Hill drawn by Willem Schellinks in 1662.
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Week 3 The Siege of Winchester 1265

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Upon the death of King John in 1216, his son succeeded to the throne as Henry III. The boy of only 9 years inherited a crown fraught with civil war.
Following the First Barons’ War, Winchester Castle had been retaken in the king’s name, however many of its defences had been devastated. At a cost of approximately £6000, the repairs took place in stages and included many innovations, such as the construction of the Great Hall.
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Week 2 French Occupation in 1216

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King John’s tumultuous reign had a destructive impact not only on Winchester Castle but the city beyond.

During the First Barons' War, rebellious magnates invited, Louis, son of Philip II of France, to take the English throne.
After successfully taking London in June 1216, Louis advanced to Winchester to capture the King. Upon hearing this, John fled Winchester, leaving the castle under the command of Savaric de Mauléon.
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Week 1 The Rout of Winchester in 1141

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When Henry I died without an heir in 1135 so began a struggle for the English throne between his only surviving legitimate child, Matilda, and Stephen, a grandson of William I. Lasting nearly two decades, the conflict later became known as The Anarchy.
King Stephen was captured by Empress Matilda during the Battle of Lincoln in February 1141, encouraging her to assert her claim to the throne. She gained control of the royal treasury at Winchester Castle and #otd was proclaimed “Lady of the English” by Bishop Henry de Blois.
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