So many great abstracts to peruse for #ASCO20. Some themes: weekly regimens, anti-BCMA therapies, MRD, & high-risk disease. By abstract #, here are 10(ish) #ASCO20 abstracts that stood out to me for their clinical relevance and intrigue. Long thread incoming! #mmsm#ASCO20BD /1
Plenary LBA3: KRd vs. VRd. No data yet until May 28, but this will be relevant no matter what the outcome is! Note that most high-risk patients were not included in this study. Don't think we'll have a final answer on this debate though! meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186906/…#mmsm#ASCO20BD /2
#100: Phase I trial of Teclistamab, a bispecific BCMA x CD3 T-cell engager, showed reasonable rates of CRS (56%, all <grade 3). ORR was 38% at doses >38.4 ug/kg. 7/9 (78%) responded at highest dose (2 were CR + MRD-neg at 10^-6). #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186864/… /3
#8506: Chaos from the STaMINA trial! Findings from EMN02 and STaMINA have now flip-flopped! EMN02 shows no diff & STaMINA shows PFS benefit for tandem ASCT in high-risk. BUT this was in the as-treated analysis, not intention to treat. #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186147/… /5
#8507: VRd +/- Elotuzumab for high-risk myeloma. 103 pts. 7% had PCL. No diff. in median PFS (31 months for Elo/VRd vs. 34 months VRd) or OS (HR 1.28). Is this a reflection of Elo or a prediction for all quadruplets in high-risk disease? #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186157/… /6
#8512: Mass Spec in blood vs Next gen flow in marrow on GEM-CESAR trial. Mass Spec identified disease in ~95% of patients who were positive by NGF-MRD. Mass Spec and NGF are complementary for disease detection! #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186156/… /7
#8514: 73% of MM pts relapsed after converting from MRD-neg to pos. Loss of MRD-neg preceded relapse by 1 yr. Attaining MRD-neg w/in 6 mos. of diagnosis led to HIGHER relapse rate! What does this mean for MRD as an endpoint 4 induction? #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186150/… /8
#8526: Cross-study comparison of CANDOR & MMY1001. Once weekly carfilzomib 70 mg/m2 is similar in efficacy and toxicity to twice weekly carfilzomib 56 mg/m2. Good news in the age of COVID where once weekly infusions has many advantages. #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186186/… /9
#8540: Meta-analysis of randomized phase 3 trials evaluating efficacy of Dara in high-risk MM. Shows that Dara led to improved PFS with little heterogeneity. We need a randomized study using dara in high-risk patients! #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/187638/… /10
#8543: Obesity in multiple myeloma was PROTECTIVE in an analysis of nearly 6K patients on clinical trials. OS HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.95). This brings up some interesting theories as to why – reserve against sarcopenia/cachexia? #mmsm#ASCO20BDmeetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186173/… /11
BONUS: #8513 (disclosure-I am author on study). Mass spec in blood vs NGS in marrow for MRD eval in MM. LC-MS in blood may reach or exceed sensitivity of NGS (10^-5 - 10^-6), and is an excellent prognosticator. More on this next week! meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/186146/…#mmsm#ASCO20BD /12
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What happens when patients with myeloma and sustained MRD negativity choose to discontinue maintenance? We sought to answer this question in our study MRD2STOP, out now in @BloodCancerJnl nature.com/articles/s4140…
Briefly, before I go into our findings. The concept for this study originated 7 years ago with our patients. I was a fellow, and the most common question from our deep responding patients was, "What happens if I stop treatment?" We didn't know, of course, so we tried to answer it
Around this time, a very compelling paper from the IFM-2009 team (@PerrotAurore) showed that patients with MRD < 10^-6 after 1 year of maintenance who then went onto observation had a 3-year PFS of 76%. But it was <50% for pts w/ MRD<10^-6 & MRD 10^-5 (+) doi.org/10.1182/blood-…
Synthesizing latest evidence for quads in myeloma is difficult.
Here is one way I do it...
A young patient (40s) with newly dx'd myeloma w/ t(11;14) starts Dara-VRd. VGPR + 5% PC in marrow after 4 cycles. Collected stem cells #mmsm #mmMRD
But they have young kids, a job - transplant is far from the top of the list.
B/c there were no high-risk features, we decided to continue with an additional 4 cycles (8 total) Dara-VRd instead of ASCT.
After 8 cycles, stringent CR ... but MRD by clonoSEQ at 749 cells/million
This might not seem like much - it's <1% disease!
But something stuck with me from our experience with extended Dara-KRd in the trial setting - patients with >100 cells/million did not achieve MRD negativity even with aggressive non-transplant therapy.
Latest in mass spectrometry: The Spanish group reported on serial MS post-CAR T.
Main findings: 1) Early BM MRD assessment by NGF may have false negatives due to hemodilution, potentially explaining why NGF negative rates decreased with time.
#mmMRD onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.111…
2) Most patients are peripheral blood MS (+) early post-CAR T because of M-protein kinetics + immunoglobulin recycling 3) Concordance between MS and NGF increase with time
4) MS status at 3 months post-CAR T was not (significantly) prognostic with small # of patients analyzed. This makes sense intuitively given M-protein kinetics.
It really depends on how many IgG-secreting myelomas are in data set (n=14 here), given that these are most persistent
To dara or not to as maintenance?
The Cassiopeia trial update is out!
Among Dara-treated patients in induction, Dara maintenance offered some benefit over placebo with 6 years f/u. HR (0.76) is similar to ixazomib vs maintenance (0.72).
But…
There’s also great MRD data.
After induction/ASCT/consol, MRD<10^-5 was 34%.
Dara maintenance increased this rate to 65% vs 58% with placebo! Not a big difference suggesting a lag from effect of ASCT.
But sustained MRD<10^-6 more favorable w Dara maintenance with time. #mmMRD
I would love to have more granular data on mrd conversion at 10^-6 from post consolidation to year 1 and then year 2.
Let’s compare to PERSEUS. MRD neg rates were higher post consolidation and that seems to have driven the differences later on as well.
Quads take center stage at #ASCO24 with a focus on the transplant-deferred group.
📢Out now in @BloodCancerJnl is our phase 2 experience with extended Dara-KRd without ASCT, regardless of eligibility.
75% sCR and/or MRD < 10^-5.
3-year PFS of 85%
🧵 nature.com/articles/s4140…
The schema is simple:
Dara-KRd x 24 cycles (without ASCT) for newly diagnosed myeloma.
K reduced to days 1/2/15/16 with cycle 9.
Primary endpoint: composite of sCR and/or MRD-neg (10^-5) by NGS after C8
Patients could have stem cells collected on study but this was a transplant-deferred approach.
👍88% had SCT collected - median 8.26 x 10^6 CD34+/kg!
We measured MRD with clonoSEQ in the bone marrow and by mass spectrometry (EXENT = MALDI, and liquid chromatography) in blood!
Looking forward to the myeloma #mmsm abstracts at #ASCO24. Here is a list of what I'll be paying closest attention to! 🧵
LBA105 (Trudel): DREAMM-8 comparing Bela-Pd vs VPd. We know it's a (+) study and the phase ½ had 24-mos. PFS of 52% with 50% prior anti-CD38.
How many pts received prior anti-CD38 here?
What was the ocular toxicity with this Bela schedule?
And of course, PFS?
7500 (Facon): Isa-VRd vs VRd (IMROZ) in transplant-deferred MM.
PFS favors Isa-VRd (median NR vs 54 mos).
Why did VRd arm do so well vs historical comp? 🔼 adherence to regimen? 🔼 supportive care (antiresorptive)? Diff pt population?
11% deaths w/quad is a concern in older pop