Thread by @Francis_Ekha

OROFACIAL MANIFESTATION OF DIABETES PART 1
1) Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by increase blood glucose due to deficiency or resistance to action of insulin or both. Glucose control is very important in diabetics because, it has effect in virtually all

2) The organs in the body including the oral cavity. Before we proceed, there are 2 Major types, type 1 which is found mostly in young people and type 2 in older people. While type 1 is due to destruction of islet cell of the pancreas leading to shotage of insulin production.

3)Type 2 is due to resistance of the body tissues to effect of insulin, hence, glucose in the blood is not able to find its way into the tissues, thereby making the level of glucose to increase astromically within the blood, leading to damage to many organs in the body.

4)Worthy of note is the fact that, insulin is needed for glucose to enter into the cell and serve as ultimate source of energy to the cells and the tissues.

5) Generally, there are 2 major recognizable manner in which Diabetes exert its damage to the body tissues. First is by conversion of the excess glucose to sorbitol through a complex metabolic process, this is basis for diabetic cataract when excess of the sorbitol accumulate

6) In the eyes. The second major mechanism is by attachment of the excess glucose to the proteins found within the blood, a good example is haemoglobin and other plasma proteins like Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen. It the end products of these attachments

7) Which are are called glycated end products that are mostly responsible for the tissues or organ destruction associated with diabetes.
Orofacial manifestation of diabetes or complications are due to 2 major reasons. Maybe due to prolonged high level of blood glucose or

8) Due to effect of medications or drugs used in the management of the metabolic condition. The following are orofacial manifestation of diabetes which I will take my time to explain later during the course of this discussion. It is important to note that, these complications

9) Or Manifestations are due to the prolonged high level of glucose and duration of diabetes or hyperglycemia.

10) Orofacial manifestations or complications include but not limited to the following:
Dry mouth(Xerostomia)
Halitosis
Tooth decay
Periodontitis
Gingivitis
Altered taste
Geographic tongue
Coated or fissured tongue
Oral candidiasis
Burning mouth syndrome(glossodynia)

11) Recurrent Apthous stomatitis
Recurrent wound infections
Tendency for poor or defective wound healing
Oral lichen Planus etc

Watch out for part 2
Source: World J Diabetes 2019 September 15; 10(9): 473-489
#DiabetesAwarenessweek

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