Thread by @Francis_Ekha

OROFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COMPLICATION OF DIABETES(PART 3)
1)E) BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME(ORAL DYSESTHESIA)
This condition present with burning, tingling, itching or in some cases, it can present like electric shock or stabbing pain within the oral cavity. It has been

2) Associated with candida Infection, damage or alteration in the vessels supplying the oral mucosa, damage to the nerve supplying the oral tissue, dehydration, poor blood sugar control in diabetics. There is an association between incidence of burning mouth syndrome and obesity,

3) Hence,found mostly in people with type 2 diabetes than those with type 1. The pain found in this patients have both physical and psychological disturbances leading to sleep, anxiety and depression disorders. Worthy of note is the fact that, the major cause of burning mouth

4) Syndrome is unknown(idiopathic), therefore,it is a diagnosis of exclusion when other possible causes of pain within the oral cavity must have been ruled out because, many other oral conditions can mimick this type of pain.

5) F) TASTE DISORDERS
Taste disorders that have been recognized in diabetics can either be sweet taste disorder or salty taste disorder with salty taste disorder more predominating. Taste disorders in diabetics have been attributed to salivary gland dysfunction and generalized

6) Neurological disorders found in diabetic patients. These two conditions can either cause altered taste sensation or increase in the threshold of pain perception. Taste disorders in diabetics have been found to affect dietary intake thereby causing poor glucose control.

7) G) ORAL MUCOSA ALTERATION
Many oral mucosa alterations which have been observed in diabetes, such as Oral apthous stomatitis or ulcer, geographic tongue, coated or fissure tongue, precancerous conditions like Oral Lichen planus etc . Although the association of these

8) Conditions to diabetes still remain a controversy but the level of the conditions appear to be more pronounced in diabetics and than their non diabetic counterpart in the community.These conditions have been attributed to series of factors such as, immmune dysfunction, reduced

9) Blood Supply to the oral mucosa, dehydration, salivary gland dysfunction and Xerostomia which are other complications of diabetes which we have dealt with earlier in the thread. Some conditions which are due to autoimmune disorders such as, oral lichen planus, apthous ulcers

10) Are more common in type 1 patients when compared with those with type 2, this is due to the fact that, type 1 diabetes is also an autoimmune disorder, hence, reason for the increase in the number of conditions such as, apthous ulcer and oral lichen planus in type 1 patients

11) Oral candidiasis

12) A=Geographic tongue
B= Fissured tongue
C= Dry mouth(Xerostomia)
D= Apthous ulcer

CONCLUSION
Orofacial manifestations and complications of diabetes are very common, orofacial signs and symptoms may be the first presentation before the full blown systemic manifestatio. Hence, consult your oral physician when you noticed any of those symptoms. Prompt treatment

Of oral manifestions and complications of diabetes have been noticed to help in the reduction of blood glucose and good glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Source: World Diabetes Journal 2019
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