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Sam Scarpino Profile picture
@svscarpino
Jun 19, 2020 • 4 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
In 1971, over 85% of the NYPD effectively went on strike for 5 days. Quoting from the @nytimes, “There was no crime wave, no massive traffic jams, no rioting.” with the article concluding that, “Maybe police should be doing something different.” nytimes.com/1971/01/24/arc… Image
The failure of the NYC police strike to disrupt the city stands in stark contrast to when sanitation workers went on strike a few years earlier. Within days the Mayor had to declare a state of emergency. nytimes.com/1967/06/02/arc… Image
Just a few days after the strike in NYC, sanitation workers went on strike in Memphis after two workers were crushed to death and the city refused to compensate their families. This strike is what brought Dr. King to Memphis. washingtonpost.com/news/retropoli…
We need to invest heavily in what matters for our cities and towns, like sanitation workers, instead of violent institutions like the police that perpetuate racism and hate. #JuneteenthDay

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More from @svscarpino

Sam Scarpino Profile picture
Apr 24
1/ I've seen many comments along the lines of, "We have no evidence that pasteurization inactivates #H5N1."

We actually have quite a bit of evidence to suggest pasteurization will work and the presence of viral RNA is compatible w/ that evidence.

Why am I not panicked? A🧵
2/ Milk is pasteurized by heating it briefly to ~72 C (161F). This inactivates pathogens, but does filter the milk. As a result, there can be degraded genomic material from pathogens following pasteurization. PCR, as was done by the FDA, can detect these degraded genomes.
3/ Numerous peer-reviewed studies have found that pasteurization will inactivate influenza A virus, including #H5N1. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 6 tweets
Sam Scarpino Profile picture
Apr 1
1/ A human case of #H5N1 was just reported and is linked to the ongoing outbreak in US dairy cattle.

How concerned should we be?

It's good news that the patient is experiencing eye symptoms and had direct exposure to infected cattle.

Why? 🧵
2/ As you may know, avian influenza doesn't readily infect humans (and doesn't transmit well from human-to-human) in part because of subtle differences in key cell surface receptors. journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.11…
3/ However, our eyes actually contain the bird-flu-friendly confirmation of the cell surface receptor. This is why eye inflammation is often a symptom of avian influenza infection in humans. thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
Read 10 tweets
Sam Scarpino Profile picture
May 17, 2023
1/ What's the global state of wastewater surveillance?

On behalf of authors from >20 countries & all continents, A Keshaviah, @megan_b_diamond, M Wade, & me survey capacity & what's needed going forward. @RockefellerFdn @MathematicaNow @NUBouve @LancetGH thelancet.com/journals/langl…
2/ Following a convening of @RockefellerFdn's Global Wastewater Action Group, we partnered w/ @MathematicaNow and surveyed representatives of wastewater monitoring programs in 43 countries (16 LMICs, 27 HICs) spanning six continents (when I said "all" I didn't count Antartica). Figure: Population coverage...
3/ In high-income countries, composite sampling at centralized treatment plants was most common, whereas grab sampling from surface waters, open drains, and pit latrines was more typical in low-income and middle-income countries.
Read 9 tweets
Sam Scarpino Profile picture
Jan 31, 2023
1/ Data from @WastewaterSCAN shows that rates of SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza have dropped precipitously from their winter peaks!

We still have a ways to go, but things are clearly headed in the right direction. US national wastewater surveillance data from the wastewater
2/ Although for SARS-CoV-2 we've been hovering at peak levels for over a month and we need to see at least another month of continuously falling prevalence before we're back to more "baseline" levels. US national wastewater surveillance data from the wastewater
3/ And note how *LONG* the RSV outbreak has been in the US.

We've been above 25% of the peak height for >3 months! US national wastewater surveillance data from the wastewater
Read 4 tweets
Sam Scarpino Profile picture
Jan 6, 2023
1/ For those concerned about #XBB15 and hospitalizations, I think the evidence is more mixed than many are admitting.

While it's true hospitalizations are up in states like MA where XBB.1.5 is common, they are up across the entire US, even in states w/ little-to-no #XBB15! Data from NY Times shows that hospitalizations are up 14% ac
2/ If we plot daily XBB.1.5 prevalence at the state-level vs new adult hospitalizations for #COVID19, you can see there are some states (each color is a state) with weakly positive relationships, but this the signal isn't very strong. Figures shows a scatter plot of XBB.1.5 prevalence on a log-
3/ If we analyze these data using a mixed-effects regression model (with state as a random effect) there is a very weak, positive relationship, but XBB.1.5 only explains about 2% of the variability in hospitalizations on a log-scale! Figure shows the output of a mixed-effect regression analysi
Read 11 tweets
Sam Scarpino Profile picture
Jan 4, 2023
1/ From COVID to cancer, molecular networks change & are changed by myriad stressors. But how might these networks evolve?

The answer is related to Google and social networks!

Work w/ @chiahungyang, out in The Royal Society Interface, explains how. royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rs…
2/ Our work builds from a network-science-based approach to modeling gene networks, called the Pathway Framework, which Chia-Hung developed during his @NUnetsi dissertation. You can read more about that model here:
3/ In this paper, we show how a single locus population genetic model can be generalized to an arbitrarily complex genotype using basic probability theory.

Connecting these results to the pathway framework allows us to derive a pop-gen-style model for gene networks. Figure shows different gene network configurations that arisFigure shows a systems of equations describing the time evol
Read 21 tweets

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