The Obverse Legend, NERO CLAVD DIVI F CAES AVG GERM IMP TR P COS - 'Nero Caesar Augustus Germanicus son of Divine Claudius, hailed victorious commander, with Tribunician power, Consul, is a raft of imperial titles and official positions designed to impart legitimacy to Nero.
The use of the busts of both Nero and his mother appeared on his early coinage, with a particularly famous example being this aureus of AD 54, notable for the same Legend as our denarius, though without the title of Consul, a position he did not assume until AD 55. 
The denarius' Reverse shows an elephant-drawn quadriga bearing seated figures, likely those of Claudius and Augustus, stressing Nero's blood connection to the first Princeps as well as his adoption by Claudius.
The Reverse's Legend, AGRIPP AVG DIVI CLAVD NERONIS CAES MATER - 'Agrippina Augusta, wife of Divus Claudius, mother of Nero Caesar', also stresses the significance of Agrippina in securing the imperial position for Nero.
Tacitus (Annals 12.68) tells us that Agrippina delayed Claudius' blood children - Britannicus, Octavia, and Antonia - in the imperial palace, allowing Nero to be presented to the Praetorian Guard and hailed as "Commander".
Jugate coins such as this are relatively uncommon in Roman coinage, but are more familiar from the coinage of the Ptolemies, such as this example - a silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy IV Philopator, ca. 221-205 BC.
Image: ANS 1944.100.77209
Image: ANS 1944.100.77209
