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Phil Profile picture
@phil_w888
Jul 6, 2020 • 9180 tweets • >60 min read • Read on X
The results of preprints & peer-reviewed studies describing the relationship between smoking and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 are reported in this thread

Part 2

To see part 1:

Thread reader:

Twitter: threadreaderapp.com/thread/1251956…
422/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 151 home-quarantined SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, 7.9% said they were current smokers & 17.2% said they were former smokers

Note: 62.9% were female

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01…
423/
Mexico (tobacco use rate age 20+ was 11.4% in 2018)

Of 10,925 health care workers who tested positive, 9.4% were smokers

Of 23,338 HCWs who didn't, 9.8% were smokers

"active smoking...had a decreased likelihood of being positive cases"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
424/
Mexico (tobacco use rate age 20+ was 11.4% in 2018)

Of 60,121 confirmed patients, 10.5% were smokers

Of 3,530 of them with non-respiratory symptoms only, 11.2% were smokers

Of 2,452 who were asymptomatic, 6.8% were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
425/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 306* hospitalized patients, 23.5% were current or former smokers (CFS)

Of 93* with low viral load, CFS=19.4%
Of 153* with intermediate VL, CFS=25.5%
Of 60* with high VL, CFS=25%

Continued
425a/

Note: It appears smoking status data was missing for 8 patients. Calculated from reported data, the total numbers of patients did not work out to whole numbers.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
426/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 186 hospitalized patients, 4.8% were current smokers (CS)

Of 48 of them admitted to ICU, CS=8.3%

Note: 20 (14.6%) of 138 non-ICU patients died

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
427/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 79,071 individuals age ≥50, 16.1% were smokers

Of 349 of them with confirmed cases of Covid-19, 6.6% were smokers

mscbs.gob.es/en/biblioPubli…

Continued
427a/

From patients above:

Of 1,400 nursing home residents, 7.9% were smokers. Of 148 of them with confirmed cases, 5.4% were smokers

Of 77,671 non-nursing home residents, 16.3% were smokers. Of 201 of them with confirmed cases, 7.5% were smokers
428/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 155 hospitalized patients, 13.5% had a history of smoking

Of 30 of them with severe or critical cases, 23.3% had a history of smoking

rs.yiigle.com/CN121430202004…
429/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 394 hospitalized patients, 9.1% had a history of smoking

rs.yiigle.com/CN121430202004…
430/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 141 patients who were mechanically ventilated, 70% were smokers

Notes:

70% of patients were male
not specified if current or ever

journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Abs…
431/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 678 hospitalized patients, 28.6% were former or current smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…
I missed something from the study in tweet 151:

"Few (<5%) patients had a recorded history of vaping; separate analyses could not be conducted for this group."

432/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 186 patients with symptoms, 17.2% were smokers

Of 47 of them who ever tested positive, 10.6% were smokers

Note: all patients were tested

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
433/
Mississippi, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 110 patients with severe or critical pulmonary symptoms, 20% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

Of 8 deaths, 1 was a former smoker & 0 were reported as smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
434/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 100 patients who died with SARS-CoV-2, 21 were current or past smokers (CPS)

Of 85 of them whose deaths were caused by Covid-19, CPS=21.2%

Of the 15 whose deaths weren't caused by Covid-19, CPS=20%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-399…
435/
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 114 patients with confirmed diagnoses who survived, 10.5% were current smokers & 19.3% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…

This is Part 2 of the study in tweet 158

436/
Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.7% in 2019)

Of 249 frontline healthcare personnel, 3.2% were current smokers

Of 19 of them who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, one was a current smoker (5.3%)

academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…
437/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 333 individuals in 9 states who tested positive, 31.2% were ever tobacco users (ETUs) & 5.1% were current tobacco users (CTUs)

Of 76 of them treated as inpatients, 27 were ETUs (35.5%) & 2 were CTUs (2.6%)

Continued
437a/

Notes:

CTUs are included in ETU numbers

One of the ETUs did not state whether (s)he was a CTU. If yes, the CTU numbers are 5.4% & 3.9%

Definition of "tobacco" not reported. It *is* the CDC

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
438/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 619 hospitalized patients, 10.5% had a smoking history (SH)

Of 59 of them who had acute cardiac related injury stage 1, SH=8.5%

Of 43 of them with ACRI stage 2, SH=20.9%

Of 150 with severe symptoms, SH=12.7%

Continued
438a/

Of 28 who died, SH=28.6%

Notes:

Not clear what ACRI stages 1 & 2 are

"...patients with basic heart failure or history of myocardial infarction were excluded"

Critical patients excluded

"Smoking history: including those who have quit smoking"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
439/
Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 26 outpatients who experienced symptoms for a period greater than 5 weeks, 19.2% were previous tobacco users

Notes:

Current tobacco use not reported

76.9% of patients were female

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
440/
Oman (adult smoking rate was 14.9% in 2015)

Of 102 individuals with confirmed cases, five were smokers (4.9%)

Of 19 of them requiring critical care, one was a smoker (5.3%)

Notes:

77.5% were male

Not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-399…
441/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 29 Covid patients with a history of cancer, 68.9% had a history of smoking

Of 10 of them who died, HS=60%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-391…

Notes:

69% of patients & 91% of deaths were male

Median age=74.5

Historic smoking rates: Image
442/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 96 individuals with confirmed diagnoses & complaints of olfactory dysfunction, 16.7% were smokers.

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
56.3% of patients were female

authorea.com/users/339895/a…
443/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 34,503 people tested, 16.2% had a history of tobacco use (HT) & 12.7% had a history of illicit drug use (HD)

Of 2,578 of them who tested positive, HT=6.3% & HD=5.3%

States: AK, WA, OR, MT, CA

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
444/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 78 Covid-19 patients who had ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, 52.6% were current or former smokers

Countries: Iraq, Italy, Lithuania & Spain

Note: 62.8% of patients were male

ajconline.org/article/S0002-…
445/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 26 hospitalized patients, one was a smoker (3.8%)

dldjournalonline.com/article/S1590-…
446/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 185 hospitalized patients, 12.4% were former or current smokers

Of 30 of them with severe or critical symptoms and/or who died, 10% were former or current smokers

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
447/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 192 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, 6.8% had a history of smoking (HS)

Of 137 patients with other viral pneumonia, HS=17.5%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Appears to be an update of study in tweet 166

448/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 446 patients ages 65-95, 6.5% were smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
449/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 41 patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases & confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers & 24.3% were former smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
450/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 52 Covid-19 patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 34.6% had a history of smoking

Of 55 patients who had CTPA before the first documented case in NY, 41.8% had a history of smoking

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ry…
451/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 77 Covid-19 patients who had barotrauma from invasive mechanical ventilation, 5.2% were current smokers & 28.6% were past smokers

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ra… Image
452/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 87 hospitalized patients, 6 had a history of smoking (6.9%)

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
453/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 70 women in labor who tested positive, one was a smoker (1.4%)

Of 605 women in labor who tested negative, 4 were smokers (0.7%)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/14…
454/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 332 Covid-19 patients who had a chest CT scan, 9.4% were current or recent* smokers

*recent smokers smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime but had quit smoking in the previous 28 days

academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/…
455/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 76 individuals with confirmed cases, 7 had a history of smoking (9.5%)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
456/
UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 16,557,469 people, current smokers=17.8% & former smokers=34.4%

Of 10,837 of them who died with covid-19, CS=6.5% & FS=60.3%

nature.com/articles/s4158…

Updated & peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 16

457/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 271 patients with severe Covid-19, 37.2% were smokers

Notes:

not stated if current or ever

patients from 3 hospitals: number of smokers significantly differed between them

researchsquare.com/article/rs-405…
458/
Europe

Of 486 patients admitted to ICU, 32.7% were current or former smokers

Of 75 of them who died, 37.3% were current or former smokers

Patients by country:

CH 71.2%
ES 10%
IT 5.5%
FR 4.7%
DE 2.5%
Others 4.6%

thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/…
459/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 55 patients with self-reported acute loss of smell or taste, 21.8% were current smokers

Notes:

Only 51 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2
61.1% healthcare workers

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
460/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,035 Covid-19 patients age 40+, 2.2% were current smokers & 9.2% were ex-smokers

Of 49 of them with COPD, 8.2% were current smokers & 40.8% were ex-smokers

jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/3…
461/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 611 admitted patients, 11.5% were current smokers

Of 165 of them with severe outcomes, 12.7% were current smokers

anatoljcardiol.com/jvi.aspx?pdir=…
462/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 10,134 tested, 11.4% were current smokers (CS) & 26.6% were past smokers (PS)

Of 732 with confirmed Covid-19, CS=3.8% & PS=23.4%

Of 226 hospitalized, CS=4.4% & PS=27.9%

Continued
462a/

Of 100 admitted to ICU, CS=6% & PS=28%

Of 40 who died, CS=2.5% & PS=32.5%

healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hl…
463/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)
Canada (current smoking rate age 12+ was 15.8% in 2018)

Of 1,870 hospitalized patients, 6.7% were current smokers & 30.4% were former smokers

Note: smoking status by age was reported too

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
464/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 213 patients with moderate or severe Covid-19, 41.3% had a history of smoking

Note: 72.8% of patients were black

academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…
465/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 172 patients with suspected Covid-19, 16.3% were current smokers (CS)

Of 136 of them positively diagnosed with C-19, CS=15.4%

Continued
465a/

Of 61 of them hospitalized, CS=3.3%

Of 25 of them admitted to ICU, CS=zero

Note: Iran population smoking prevalence statistics are questionable

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
466/
A paper from China which appears to study the same patients as the one in tweet 292

idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

467/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 681 hospitalized patients, 4.3% were smokers

Of 104 of them who died, 3.1%* were smokers

Notes:

not stated if current or ever

3 smokers out of 104 deaths is 2.9% - not explained why 3.1% reported

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
468/
Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 51 hospitalized patients, three were current smokers (5.9%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
469/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 223 cancer patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (all hospitalized), 27.4% were previous or current smokers (PCS)

Of 37 of them who died, 29.7% were PCS

Note: 17.5% of patients had lung cancer

researchsquare.com/article/rs-406…
470/
Scotland, UK (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

Of 224 patients hospitalized with symptoms of Covid-19, 9.4% were current smokers (CS) & 43.3% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 52 of them who died, 1.9% was a CS & 51.9% were XS

Continued
470a/

Of 122 of the hospitalized patients who had positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, CS=6.6% & XS=46.7%

Of 39 of them who died, CS=2.6% & XS=56.4%

Notes:

88% of patients were age ≥70
64% of patients were socioeconomically deprived

researchsquare.com/article/rs-383…
471/
Scotland, UK (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

Of 319,352 people with diabetes, 48.3% were ever smokers (ES)

Of 2,183 of them with Covid-19, ES=54.6%

Of 1,487 hospitalized and/or who died, ES=57.3%

Of 482 with severe or fatal cases, ES=57.0%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
472/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 716 persons with multiple sclerosis and suspected or confirmed Covid-19, 18.3% were current smokers (CS) & 22.3% were former smokers (FS)

Of 172 of them with confirmed cases, CS=13.4% & FS=19.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
473/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 87 hospitalized patients, 19.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/users/341379/a…
474/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 143 patients who recovered after being hospitalized, 10.5% were active smokers & 45.4% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
475/
Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 21 patients hospitalized with moderate or severe symptoms, 3 were current smokers (14.3%) & 7 were prior smokers (33.3%)

Of the 16 severe cases, 2 were CS (12.5%) & 5 were PS (31.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
476/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,173 hospitalized patients, 14% were current smokers & 14.7% were past smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-397…

Notes:

in Bronx, where smoking rate is higher than NYC total

number of deaths not reported Image
477/
Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 140 hospitalized patients, 7.1% were current smokers

Of 53 of them who were mechanically ventilated (MV), 9.4% were current smokers

Of 18 of the MV who died, 5.6% was a current smoker

ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-…
478/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 24 patients treated with CPAP, one was a current smoker (4.2%) & four were ex-smokers (16.7%)

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e0…
479/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 103 hospitalized patients, 5.8% were active smokers & 20.4% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
480/
USA & Canada

Of 530 patients admitted to pediatric ICUs, "Smoking and vaping were only reported in 11 cases" (0.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
481/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 66 hospitalized patients, 6.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
482/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 64 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients hospitalized with interstitial pneumonia, 2 were smokers (3.1%)

Note: "Subjects who smoked regularly during the previous 12 months were classified as smokers"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
483/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 54 patients with Covid-19 ARDS, one was a current tobacco smoker (1.9%) & two were former tobacco smokers (3.7%)

ccr.cicm.org.au/supplementary-…
484/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 79 patients admitted to ICU, 3 were active smokers (3.8%) - note: patients in tweet 483 apparently included

Of 274 patients admitted to hospital but not ICU, 6 were active smokers (2.2%)

Continued
484a/

Of 1,964 health care workers, 17.3% were active smokers

Of 108 of them who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 11.1% were active smokers

A meta-analysis of 8 other articles was conducted too

ccr.cicm.org.au/supplementary-…
485/
Australia (adult smoking rate was 15.2% & daily smoking rate was 13.8% in 2017-18)

Of 167 ICU patients, 12.2% had a history of smoking

ccr.cicm.org.au/supplementary-…
486/
UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 1,162 hospitalized patients, 8.3% were current smokers & 37.5% were ex-smokers

Of 291 of them who died, 7.6% were current smokers & 43.6% were ex-smokers

Note: median age was 74

researchsquare.com/article/rs-401…
487/
Europe

Of 2,581 people with confirmed cases, 13.6% were current smokers (CS)

2,194 mild: CS=12.8%
110 moderate: CS=16.4%
277 severe & critical: CS=18.8%

18 hospitals
Belgium & France plus other unspecified countries maybe
Authors from BE,FR,ES,IT

researchsquare.com/article/rs-385…
488/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 22,528 people tested, 11.5% were current cigarette smokers

Of 20 of them who tested positive, three were current cigarette smokers (15%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
489/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 576 hospitalized patients, 20.5% were smokers (current or in the preceding 6 months)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
490/
Russia (adult smoking rate was 39.3% in 2016)

"Of 477 death cases...442 cases (92.6%) were represented by patients with at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities: ...constant smoking and narcotic addiction (21%)..."

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
491/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 63 hospitalized patients: 6 were current smokers (9.5%) & 7 were past smokers for <10 years (11.1%)

Note: median age was 70

link.springer.com/article/10.100… Image
492/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 101 hospitalized patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 24.8% had a history of smoking

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ry…
493/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 336 patients with severe or critical symptoms, 18 were smokers (5.4%)

Of 34 of them who died, 3 were smokers (8.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
494/
Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.6% in 2019)

Of 120 C-19 patients, 7.5% had a history of cigarette smoking (HCS)

Of 9 of them who were hospitalized, HCS=zero

Notes:

75% were female
87.5% were Latino/Hispanic
median age: 39.5

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
495/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 74 patients, seven were smokers (9.5%)

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
496/
North Dakota & South Dakota, USA (adult current smoking rates were 19.1% & 19.0% in 2019)

Of 150 confirmed cases, 16% were current smokers

Of 136 of them who were hospitalized, 15.4% were current smokers

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
497/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 550 confirmed patients, 21.3% had a history of any smoking

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
498/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 29 patients with confirmed cases "characterized by multifocal interstitial pneumonia confirmed by CT-scan and requiring oxygen therapy.... None of the patients were smokers."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
499/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 123 patients with confirmed cases, 11.4% were active smokers

Of 89 of them with severe cases, 12.4% were current smokers

authorea.com/users/341595/a…
500/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 324 patients who died, 4.6% were current smokers & 30.9% were former smokers

Of 25 unexpected deaths, 12 were former smokers (48%). Current smokers not reported

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
501/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,240 patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 14.9% were smokers

Of 103 of them with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, 9 were smokers (8.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/arti…
Correction:

11 cases in 530 is 2%, not 0.2%

502/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 139 health care workers with a past SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 were current smokers (4.3%) & 70 were past smokers (50.4%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
503/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 14 patients age 14-84 with C-19 ARDS, 3 were current or former smokers (21.4%)

Of 15 pts. age 4-17 with SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome, zero were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
504/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 7,345 hospitalized patients, 8.5% said they were smokers

Of 1,331 of them who were intubated and/or died, 14.3% said they were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
505/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 280 patients with moderate or severe cases, "3% were active smokers"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-410…

Note: this appears to be the same hospital as the study in tweet 484

506/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 82 hospitalized patients, 11 were current or former smokers (13.4%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-409…
507/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 100 hospitalized patients, 4 were active smokers & 16 were former smokers

Of 36 of them who were admitted to ICU and/or died, zero were active smokers & 8 were former smokers (22.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-394…
508/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of an unspecified number of hospitalized patients, 11.8% were current smokers

Note: total of 235 patients, but smoking status was missing for some

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
509/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 212 critically ill patients, 17.5% were current smokers

Note: There is a reporting error in Table 1. It's possible the number is 22.2%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
510/
Los Angeles, USA (adult smoking rate in LA County was 11% in 2015-17)

Of 547 patients with confirmed cases, 13.7% were current or past smokers

ajconline.org/article/S0002-…
511/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,289 who tested positive, 20.8% were former or current smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
512/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 80 patients admitted to ICU, four were active smokers (5%)

ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
513/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 23 ICU patients who had a tracheostomy, four were current smokers (17.4%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
514/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 619 hospitalized patients, 29.1% were current smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
515/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 299 hospitalized patients, 10.4% had a history of smoking

Of 71 of them with severe symptoms, 19.7% had a history of smoking

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
516/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 92 confirmed cases, 14.1% were cigarette smokers & 10.9% were waterpipe users

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Notes in next tweet
516a/

Notes:

67.4% of patients were male
not clear if current or ever
not stated if any were dual users
Iran population smoking prevalence statistics are questionable
517/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 675 patients discharged from hospital, 12.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
518/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 295 hospitalized, 10.8% were smokers

Notes:

Table 1 issues. If because of missing smoking status data: Of 288 hospitalized patients, 11.1% were smokers

Not stated if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
519/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 918 (or some other number) hospitalized patients, 6.8% were reported for 'Current smoking' (CS) & 23.6% were reported 'Former/current smoking' (FCS)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
519a/

Of 363 (or some other number) of them who required mechanical ventilation and/or died, CS=5.4% & FCS=26.9%

Note: Reported numbers and percentages in Table 1 don't work
520/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 42 patients with acute respiratory failure & admitted to ICU, 2 were current smokers (4.8%) & 18 were ex-smokers (42.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-411…
521/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 47 organ transplant recipients with confirmed cases, 11 had a history of smoking (23.4%)

Of 35 of them who were hospitalized, 9 had a history of smoking (25.7%)

Continued
521a/

Of 100 hospitalized patients who did not receive an organ transplant, 25 had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
522/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 80 kidney transplant recipients with confirmed cases, 17 were current or past smokers (21.3%)

Of 26 of them who died, 7 were current or past smokers (26.9%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
523/
Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 522 hospitalized patients, 17% were former or current smokers

Of 92 of them who died, 20.7% were former or current smokers

Note: 87% of patients were African American

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
524/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 102,543 respondents to a web-based survey, 18.5% were current smokers & 21.5% were former smokers

Of 688 who tested positive, 9.5% were current smokers. Former smokers not reported

preprints.jmir.org/preprint/21866…
525/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 422 patients who had hip fracture surgery, 17.8% were current smokers (CS) & 5.7% were previous smokers (PS)

Of 82 of them who were Covid-19-positive, CS=20.7% & PS=8.5%

Note: mean age=71.9

online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/full/10.13…
526/
France (adult female smoking rate was 22.9% in 2018)

Of 249 pregnant women tested for antibodies when hospitalized for delivery, 18.5% were tobacco users (TUs)

Of 20 who tested positive, 2 were TUs (10%)*

*10.6% reported - not explained why

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
527/
Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 502 hospitalized patients, 9% were current smokers & 22.1% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
528/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,266 hospitalized patients, 5.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever. The term "history of smoking" was used once

researchsquare.com/article/rs-419…
529/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,688 sailors on a French Navy aircraft carrier, 48.3% were current smokers (CS) & 22.9% were former smokers (FS)

Of 1,279 of them with confirmed or suspected cases of Covid-19, CS=45.3% & FS=24.2%

Continued
529a/

Of 107 hospitalized, CS=29%

Of 20 who required oxygen therapy, CS=10%

Of the 1,688 sailors, 14.8% were current e-cigarette users (ECU).

Of the 1,279 with C-19, 13.4% were ECU

Note: Of the 249 ECUs, 247 were dual users

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
530/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 530 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infections, 4.4% had an "Actual smoke habit".

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
531/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 521 hospitalized patients, 3.9%* were current smokers & 21.3% were former smokers

Of 181 of them with respiratory failure, 2.8% were current smokers & 32.6% were former smokers

*20 of 521 is 3.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
532/
Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 7 Covid-19 patients with severe ARDS & treated with ECMO, "There was no history of smoking"

cfrjournal.com/articles/Extra…
533/
USA (adult current smoking was 13.7% in 2018)
Ontario, Canada (current smoking age 12 and over was 15.2% in 2017)

Of 145 hospitalized patients, 16 were current tobacco users (11%)

Notes:

25.5% had cirrhosis
Of 16 CTUs, 15 cigarettes, 1 other

gut.bmj.com/content/early/…
534/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 11 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 6 had a history of smoking (54.5%)

Of 7 of them with severe symptoms, 5 had a history of smoking (71.4%)

Note: 7 patients (4 severe) had lung cancer

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
535/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 83 patients hospitalized with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, 53% were current or past smokers

Of 11 of them with Covid-19, 36.4% were current or past smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc…
536/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 20 hospitalized patients, 5 were current smokers (25%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ad…
537/
USA (adult current smoking was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 2,215 ICU patients, 29.6% were current or former smokers

Of 784 of them who died, 33.75% were current or former smokers

Note: Authors had numbers of current smokers, but didn't report them

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
538/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 75 ICU patients, 9 were smokers (12%)

48 severe: 1 smoker (2.1%)
27 critical and/or died: 8 smokers (29.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
539/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 12,217 hospitalized patients, 9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
540/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 194 hospitalized patients, "4% were current smokers and 15% had quit."

Note: 88% of patients were Black

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
541/
Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 858 hospitalized patients, 15.2% were current or past smokers (CPS)

Of 52 of them admitted to ICU, CPS=17.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Notes in next tweet
541a/

Notes:

Population smoking rates vary widely depending on source. 20.6% is close to middle of estimates for both male & female combined, but almost all smokers are male.

82.8% of total (1,409) hospitalized patients were male. Smoking status data missing for 551 of total.
542/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 142 hospitalized patients, 12.3% had a history of smoking

Of 33 of them with liver dysfunction, 12.1% had a history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-428…
543/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 111 Covid-19 patients with respiratory distress, two had a history of smoking (1.8%)

Of 31 of them treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, HS=1 (3.2%)

Note: patients with COPD were excluded

researchsquare.com/article/rs-425…
544/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 973 hospitalized patients age ≤65, 5.7% were current smokers (CS) & 14.8% were former smokers

Of 930 of them ages 21-65, CS=5.9% & FS=15.4%

Continued
544a/

Notes:

Of 43 patients younger than age 21, CS=0 & FS=1
Patients with COPD were excluded

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
545/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 110 hospitalized patients, 14.5% were smokers

Of 29 of them with diabetes mellitus, 24.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

e-dmj.org/DOIx.php?id=10… Image
546/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 55 patients who recovered, 2 were current smokers & 2 were former smokers (3.6% each)

thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/…
547/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 57 people with multiple myeloma who received a positive diagnosis, 36.8% were current or former smokers (CFS)

Of 35 of them hospitalized, CFS=42.9%

Of 14 who died, CFS=50%

Continued

jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
547a/

Note: these patients were likely counted in the study in tweet 249

548/
Singapore (adult smoking rate was 10.6% in 2019)

Of 87 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers & 3 were former smokers (3.4% each)

Of 12 of them who needed supplemental oxygen, all 12 were never smokers

qims.amegroups.com/article/view/4…
549/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 108 hospitalized patients, 10.2% were current smokers

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
550/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 2,489 hospitalized patients, 6% were current smokers & 25.8% were former smokers

Note: An unreported number of patients with missing smoking status were counted as never smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…
551/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 53 hospitalized patients, 10 were smokers (18.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/ar…
552/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 8 people with chronic arthritis & confirmed (4) or suspected (4) cases, 1 was an active smoker (12.5%) & 5 were previous smokers (62.5%)

Note: mean age ~57

ard.bmj.com/content/79/5/6…
553/
Of 10 outpatients, 1 was a current smoker (10%) & 2 were former smokers (20%)

Note: 8 from New York State, 1 from New Jersey, & 1 from Sweden

gut.bmj.com/content/early/…
554/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 181 patients with confirmed cases, four had a history of smoking (2.2%)

Of 39 of them who died, two had a history of smoking (5.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
555/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 97 hospitalized patients, 10 had a history of smoking (10.3%)

Of 35 of them hospitalized ≥20 days, 5 had a history of smoking (14.3%)

Note: all patients survived

researchsquare.com/article/rs-298…
556/
Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019)

Of 46 outpatients, 2 were current smokers (4.3%) & 12 were ex-smokers (26.1%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
557/
Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 18,118 tested, 13.0% were smokers

Of 1,675 of them who tested positive, 5.6% were smokers

Note: Not specified if current or ever. "Smoking history" was used once.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
558/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 1,379 patients with confirmed cases, 4.4% were current smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100… Image
559/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 113 hospitalized patients, 10 were smokers (8.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
560/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 26 SARS-CoV-2+ patients admitted to neuro-ICU or who had a neurosurgery consultation, 11.5% were smokers

academic.oup.com/neurosurgeryop…

Notes:

not specified if current/ever
possible overlap 👇
561/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 560 adults tested for antibodies, 22.7% were current smokers & 10% were former smokers

Of 51 of them who tested positive, 9.8% were current smokers & 7.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
562/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 5,429 adults with Parkinson's disease (PD), 1.6% were current smokers (CS) & 26.3% were former smokers (FS)

Of 51 of them with definite (22) or probable (29) cases of Covid-19, CS=5.9% (3) & FS=39.2% (20)

Continued
562a/

Of 1,452 adults without PD, CS=2.2% & FS=25.8%

Of 26 of them with definite (7) or probable (19) cases of Covid-19, CS=zero & FS=26.9%

Notes:

From all continents, but ~80% from the US
Smokers are less likely to be diagnosed with PD

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
563/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 53 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, 51.9% had a history of smoking (HS)

10 mild/moderate: HS=30%
32 severe: HS=54.8%
11 critical: HS=63.4%

Note: 64.2% of pts. were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Historic smoking rates: Image
564/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 33 patients, 5 with moderate pneumonia & 28 with severe ARDS requiring intensive respiratory support, current smoker=1 (3%) & former smokers=8 (24.2%)

Note: all moderate patients were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
565/
Hungary (adult current smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 10,457 survey respondents, 28% were current smokers & 20.5% were past smokers

Of 70 of them who tested positive (for virus or antibodies), 22.9% were current smokers & 21.4% were past smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
566/
Texas, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 7 patients (age≤65) who were intubated & then treated with ECMO, "There was no history of smoking..."

cfrjournal.com/articles/Extra…
567/
Iowa, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 209 tested, 18.7% had smoked in the last year

Of 91 of them who tested positive, 8.8% had smoked in the last year

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
568/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 16 non-hospitalized patients, all 16 were non-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…
569/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 38 patients with hematological disorders diagnosed with Covid-19, one was a current smoker (2.6%) & six were ex-smokers (15.8%)

16 severe: CS=0 & XS=2 (12.5%)
14 deaths: CS=0 & XS=2 (14.3%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
570/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 24 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, "Only one patient had a history of smoking tobacco" (4.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ti…
571/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 12,612 hospitalized patients, 9.3% were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
most patients included in study in tweet 539

572/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis & confirmed cases of Covid-19, one was a smoker (5.9%)

Note: 15 (88.2%) of the patients were female (Turkey female smoking rate was 14.1% in 2016)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-438…
573/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 66 confirmed cases, 33.3% were smokers (S)

36 mild/moderate: S=36.1%
30 severe/critical: S=30%

Notes:

male=72.7%
Not stated if current or ever. "Smoking history" used twice

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
574/
Argentina (adult smoking rate was ~25% in 2018)

Of 13 individuals infected with both SARS-CoV-2 and Dengue, two were smokers (15.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
575/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 276 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 25.7% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

Note: likely much overlap with study in tweet 469

576/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,334 hospitalized patients, 24% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
577/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)
Canada (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

Of 423 non-hospitalized symptomatic patients, 4.0% were current smokers

Note: 9.4% of patients were Canadian

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
578/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,687 hospitalized patients, 4.8% were current smokers

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
579/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 584 hospitalized patients, 7.5% were current smokers (CS) & 2.6% were former smokers (FS)

399 moderate: CS=8.3% & FS=2.8%
85 severe: CS=4.7% & FS=2.4%
100 critical: CS=7% & FS=2%

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
580/
Poland (adult smoking rate was 26% in 2019)

Of 13,766 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary procedures, 21.8% were smokers

Of 362 of them with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 27.6% were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc…
581/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 293 hospitalized patients, 5.8% were current smokers & 30% were former smokers

Note: median age was ~73

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dm…
582/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 1,645 hospitalized patients, 2.5% were current smokers & 10.9% were former smokers

Of 263 of them who died, 2.3% were current smokers & 12.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
583/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 80 hospitalized patients, 9 were active smokers (11.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-415…
584/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 78 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, seven were smokers (9%)

12 moderate: one smoker (8.3%)

6 severe: one smoker (16.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-442…
585/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 312 recovered patients, 24.7% were smokers

Of 312 individuals without Covid-19 in an age & sex-matched control group, 32.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
586/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 62 hospitalized patients, 17 were ever smokers (27.4%)

Of 19 of them admitted to ICU, 6 were ever smokers (31.6%)

wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
587/
Thailand (adult smoking rate was 19.9% in 2016)

Of 11 hospitalized patients, zero were current smokers

wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
588/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 52 hospitalized patients, three were smokers (5.8%)

Of 12 of them admitted to ICU, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
589/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 90 C-19 patients with ARDS who were mechanically ventilated, 27.8% were current smokers (CS)

Of 82 non-C-19 patients with ARDS who were mechanically ventilated between 2009-2020, 26.8% were CS

researchsquare.com/article/rs-442…
590/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 42 patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia who required oxygen therapy, zero were "actual" smokers & four were former smokers (9.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-421…
591/
Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 83 patients with severe Covid-19-associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 8 were current smokers (9.6%) & 40 were ex-smokers (48.2%)

Continued
591a/

Of 80 patients, also with severe Covid-19-associated CRS in an age & sex-matched control group, 6 were current smokers (7.5%) & 28 were ex-smokers (35%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
592/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 16 patients who died, one was a current smoker (6.2%) & 12 were ex-smokers (75%)

Of 15 patients in a matched sample of surviving patients, CS=zero & XS=10 (66.7%)

Note: 87% of pts. were male

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
593/
A study which appears to use the same data as the study in tweet 412

journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-…

594/
A study which appears to use the same data as the study in tweets 303 & 303a

nature.com/articles/s4137…

595/
Jordan (adult smoking rate was 41.0% in 2015)

Of 81 patients, 32.1% were cigarette smokers (S)

44 symptomatic (25% male): S=25%

37 asymptomatic (71.3% male): S=40.5%

Notes:

population smoking stats are questionable
not stated if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
596/
The study in tweet 293 was withdrawn

597/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 607 hospitalized patients, 44.6% were smokers

Of 103 of them who died, 48.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
598/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 483 patients, 17.2% were current smokers & 3.1% had given up

Of 62 of them whose cases deteriorated, 27.4% were current smokers & 1.6% had given up

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
599/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 44 patients on dialysis with confirmed cases, 15 were smokers (34.1%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
there's a reporting error in table 1 regarding outcomes

kireports.org/article/S2468-…
600/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,541 patients on hemodialysis, 10.9% were current smokers & 22.1% were former smokers

Of 51 of them who tested positive for antibodies, 14% were current smokers & 37.2% were former smokers

kireports.org/article/S2468-…
601/
New York City, USA (adult smoking was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 16 Covid-19 patients who had lower extremity CT angiograms, one was an active smoker (6.3%) & 7 were prior smokers (43.8%)

Of 32 non-C-19 Patients who had LECTAs, AS=7 (21.9%) & PS=13 (40.6%)

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ra…
602/
The study in tweet 58 was published. I didn't report the number of deaths & will now.

Of 460 of them who died, 9.6% were current smokers

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/…

603/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 75 patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 37.3% were current smokers

Of 75 healthy people in an age and sex-matched control group, 40% were current smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
604/
A published study which appears to use the same data as the preprint in tweets 591 &591a

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…

605/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 83 patients with confirmed (41) or suspected (42) cases, 18.1% were current smokers & 19.3% were former smokers

Note: 72.2% of patients were male

search.bvsalud.org/global-literat…
606/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 247 patients hospitalized with confirmed or suspected cases, 26.3% were active smokers (AS)

Of 175 of them with confirmed cases: AS=18.3%

Of 37 of confirmed cases with pneumonia: AS=32.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coron…
607/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 10,713 confirmed cases, 1.95% were smokers

Of 1,152 of them who were hospitalized, 6.7% were smokers

Of 456 of them who died, 8.6% were smokers

ajtmh.org/content/journa…
608/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 665 patients with suspected (161) or confirmed (504) cases, 6.6% were current or former smokers

Of the 504 confirmed cases, 4.0% were current or former smokers

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
609/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 163 individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, 36.2% had a history of smoking

Of 140 of them who were symptomatic, 32.1% had a history of smoking

note: median age was ~43.5

researchsquare.com/article/rs-467…
610/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 165 individuals with confirmed cases, 13.3% were current smokers or had quit in the previous 5 years

Notes:

88.5% were outpatients
73.3% were age <60
66.7% were female

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
611/
Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

Of 23,109 cases, 5.2% were current smokers
Of 1,484 hospitalized, 4.6% were current smokers

Of 22,747 cases, 12% were former smokers
Of 1,444 hospitalized, 18.8% were former smokers

Continued
611a/

Notes:

As of July 24. Numbers are updated regularly.

Of 36,962 cases, 7.2% were age <15
Of 2,188 hospitalized, 1.5% were age <15

coronavirus-dashboard.utah.gov/#risk-factors ImageImage
612/
Massachusetts, USA (adult female smoking rate was 11.7% in 2019)

Of 1,143 women tested for SARS-CoV-2 when hospitalized for labor & delivery, 11 had "tobacco exposure" (1%)

Of 32 of them who tested positive, 0 had TE

Note: TE not defined

authorea.com/users/345887/a…
613/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 32 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, 14 were current or previous smokers (43.8%)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/…
614/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 72 patients admitted to ICU, five were smokers (6.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
615/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,050 with confirmed cases, 6.3% were current smokers (CS) & 23.4% were former smokers (FS)

Of 1,743 of them who were hospitalized, CS=6.1% & FS=27.1%

Continued
615a/

Of 444 who were mechanically ventilated, CS=6.3% & FS=26.1%

Of 516 who died, CS=6.0% & FS=32.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
616/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 97 hospitalized patients, 18 were current smokers (18.6%)

Of 62 of them with severe cases, 17 were current smokers (27.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
617/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 38,360 hospitalized patients, 5.5% were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Update of study in tweet 59

618/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 32,966 individuals age ≥40 treated with ACEi, ARB, or dhpCCB who were diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.9% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
mean age in mid- to upper 60s

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
619/
Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 32 patients with cancer or a history of cancer who tested positive, 2 were current smokers (6.3%) & 11 were past smokers (34.4%)

Note: unknown counted as never smoker(s)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
620/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 71,192 individuals with asthma, 10% were tobacco users (TU)

Of 1,006 of them diagnosed with Covid-19, TU=7% or 11%*

Of 263 of them hospitalized, TU=6%

*reported twice with different numbers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
621/
Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

Of 72 patients who tested positive, 6 were current smokers (8.3%) & 8 had a history of smoking (11.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
622/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 101 Covid-19 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism, 18 were current smokers (17.8%)

Note: at 2 hospitals - 1 in NYC (Queens), 1 just outside NYC

ajconline.org/article/S0002-…
623/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 69 individuals with T1 diabetes & Covid-19 (47) or who reported C-19-like symptoms (22), 8 were current or former smokers and/or vapers (11.6%)

Of 47 with confirmed C-19, 6 were CFS/V (12.8%)

care.diabetesjournals.org/content/43/8/e…
624/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 115 patients with severe Covid-19, 10 were current or previous smokers (8.7%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
625/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 35 patients with severe or critical Covid-19, 3 were smokers (8.6%)

Of 7 of them with refractory respiratory failure or treated with ECMO, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

umbjournal.org/article/S0301-…
626/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 12.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
627/
Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 374 patients hospitalized for Covid-19 who were taking anticoagulant medications, 33.2% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
628/
Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 235 health care workers, 22.6% were current smokers & 22.6% were former smokers

Of 60 of them who tested positive or borderline positive for antibodies, 21.7% were smokers*

Continued
628a/

The 60 were tested again 2-4 weeks later

Of the 18 of them who tested positive, 38.9% were smokers*

*not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
629/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 470 hospitalized patients, 16.3% were current smokers (CS) & 31.7% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 169 of them who died, CS=16% & XS=29%

Note: "amongst the most deprived areas in England"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
630/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 318 hypertensive individuals diagnosed with Covid-19, 18.9% were current or former smokers (CFS)

Of 72 of them with severe symptoms, CFS=23.6%

Of 43 of them who died, CFS=25.6%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
631/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 2,383* hospitalized patients in up to 11 countries, 16.8% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

total patient number calculated from table 1 due to probable missing data

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
632/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 72 patients with non-severe but advanced Covid-19, six were current smokers (8.3%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
633/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 175 hospitalized patients, 12 were tobacco users (6.9%)

Of 45 of them with severe symptoms, 2 were tobacco users (4.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
634/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 6,215 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders & taking antipsychotic medication, 67.3% were current smokers & 27.2% were past smokers

Of 100 of them who tested positive, CS=78 & PS=20

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
635/
Singapore (adult smoking rate was 10.6% in 2019)

Of 168 hospitalized patients age ≥50 , five were smokers (3.0%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ct…
636/
Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 68 patients (67 male) with acute myocardial infarction who were known or found to be SARS-CoV-2-positive, 11 were current smokers (16.2%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note demographics 👇 Image
637/
Los Angeles, USA (adult smoking rate in LA County was 11% in 2015-17)

Of 291* Covid-19 patients, 5.5% were current smokers

Of 94* hospitalized (non-ICU), 3 were current smokers (3.2%)

Of 77 admitted to ICU, zero were recorded as smokers

Continued
637a/

Notes:

*Patient numbers were calculated from data in Table 1 because smoking status was missing for some

Data possibly missing for some ICU patients. 77 was total number.

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

Possible overlap with study in tweet 362

638/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 203 individuals who tested positive, 5.9% were active smokers

Of 138 of them who were hospitalized, 8.0% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
639/
Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 65 individuals (64 tested), 10 (15.4%) had a history of smoking tobacco and/or marijuana (S)

Of 28 who tested positive for at least one antibody/antigen combination, S=4 (14.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-413…
640/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 102 critically ill patients, 9 had a smoking habit (8.8%)

Of 52 of them who died, 6 had a smoking habit (11.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-482…
641/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 78 patients hospitalized with non-severe cases, 6 were current smokers (7.7%)

Of 18 whose cases progressed to severe, 4 were current smokers (22.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-424…
642/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 146 patients discharged alive from hospital, 90.2% had a history of smoking

Of 33 of them who had severe symptoms, 87.9% had a history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-468…
643/
Sri Lanka (current smoking rate & tobacco use rates age 18-69 were 15% & 25.8% in 2014)

Of 431 who tested positive, "There were 271 smokers" (62.9%)

Notes:

mean age: ~37
78% were male
male smoking & tobacco use rates were 29.4% & 45.7% in 2014

researchsquare.com/article/rs-425…
644/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 164 hypertensive patients hospitalized with Covid-19, 11% were smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-282…
645/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 100 individuals who tested positive, 22 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamac…
646/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 961 confirmed patients, 8.7% were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111…
647/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 14,760 tested, 39.7% were current or former smokers

Of 965 who tested positive, 35.1% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
648/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 56,956 diagnosed with Covid-19, 9.6% were current smokers & 25.8% had formerly smoked

Of 13,822 of them who were hospitalized, 9.7% were current smokers & 30.7% had formerly smoked

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
649/
India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 91 asymptomatic hospitalized patients, 44% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
79.1% of patients were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
650/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 146 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, eight were smokers (5.5%)

Of 45 of them who died, five were smokers (11.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/users/346790/a…
651/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 18 patients who died, 6 were smokers or previous smokers (33.3%)

Note: 17 patients died from respiratory failure. One was infected, but died "because of end-stage malignant lymphoma (but without ARDS)"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-490…
652/
Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 141 who tested positive, 19.9% were smokers

Notes:

Mean age was ~36

71 male, 70 female

Not specified if current or ever. The phrase "history of smoking" was used 3 times

researchsquare.com/article/rs-487…
653/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 44 hospitalized patients, 9 were smokers (20.45%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
654/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 144 patients, 13 were smokers (9.0%)

Of 36 with severe cases, 2 were smokers (5.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
655/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 235 critically ill patients, 24.3% were current or former smokers

Of 52 of them who died, 42.3% were current or former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
656/
Monaco

Of 13 hospitalized patients, one was a current or former smoker (7.7%)

Notes:

Couldn't find a population smoking rate for Monaco

One patient & the authors didn't say whether current or former? 🤦‍♂️

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
657/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 182 hospitalized patients, 15% were smokers

Of 32 admitted to ICU, 6 were smokers (18.8%)

Of 35 with thrombotic events, 6 were smokers (17.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
658/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,561 confirmed patients, 6.6% were smokers

Of 365 with severe cases, 7.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever. "Smoking history" was used once

thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
659/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 30 individuals with diabetes who were hospitalized with Covid-19, two were smokers (6.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
660/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 218 hospitalized patients, 7 were current smokers (3.2%) & 57 were former smokers (26.1%)

Of 55 of them admitted to ICU, 3 were current smokers (5.5%) & 18 were former smokers (32.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
661/
Malaysia (smoking rate was 21.3% in 2019)

Of 25 males age 18-27 who were hospitalized with asymptomatic Covid-19, zero were smokers

Note: "All patients stayed in a religious school"

e-mjm.org/2020/v75n4/asy…
662/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 559 diagnosed, 22% were smokers

Of 69 who died, 24.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

preprints.jmir.org/preprint/20108…
663/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 57 symptomatic patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 7 were current smokers (12.3%) & 17 were past smokers (29.8%)

Of 7 who were mechanically ventilated, CS=2 (28.6%) & PS=3 (42.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
664/
France

Hundreds of thousands of subjects

"...nicotine-replacement therapy was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization with Covid-19 compared with unexposed individuals (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.61)"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… ImageImage
665/
Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

Of 1488 patients who died, 4.84%* were smokers (S)

405* age <60: S=3.97%

1083* age ≥60: S=5.19%

*Numbers calculated from reported information. Patient numbers didn't work out to whole numbers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
666/
Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 136 ICU patients, 55.1% had never smoked.

Note: likely overlap with studies in tweets 105 & 477



667/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 246 patients, 42.3% had a history of smoking

Of 20 with severe cases, 14 had a history of smoking (70%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
668/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 279 hospitalized patients, 4.7% were active smokers

Of 88 of them who were mechanically ventilated and/or died within 14 days of admission, 6.8% were active smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
669/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 55 ICU patients, 9 were smokers (16.4%)

Of 39 who were mechanically ventilated: S=6 (15.4%)

Of 9 who received invasive ventilation: S=5 (55.6%)

Note: 65.5% of pts were male

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
670/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 64 critically ill patients, 23 were smokers (35.9%)

Of 34 of them with myocardial injury, 16 were smokers (47.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever. The term "smoking history" was used 3 times

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
671/
A study which appears to use the same data as the paper in tweet 489

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…

672/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 361 patients discharged from hospital, 4.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
673/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 13 patients with Covid-19 bilateral pneumonia, "all patients were no smokers"

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
674/
Another one

…alofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

675/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 198 individuals who had neither been diagnosed with Covid-19 nor had symptoms, 23.2% were current smokers & 17.7% were ex-smokers

Of 15 of them who tested positive for antibodies, CS=46.7% & XS=33.3%

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
676/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 2,769 confirmed patients, 7.0% were current smokers (CS)

2,359 mild: CS=7.8%
112 moderate: CS=5.4%
43 severe: CS=4.7%

Notes:

median age was 43
2.1% of entire sample (3,060) was <age 15
43.6% male

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
677/
Cuba (adult current smoking rate was 35.2% in 2016)

Of 19 patients hospitalized after being infected in one nursing home, two were reported as smokers (10.5%)

Notes:

median age was 79 (64 to 100 years old)

63.2% of patients were female

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
678/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 186 hospitalized patients age ≥60, 16.7% had a history of smoking

Of 30 of them who died, 9 had a history of smoking (30%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-311…

Update of study in tweet 133

679/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 126 symptomatic individuals who were tested, 30.2% were current smokers & 24.6% had quit

Of 13 of them who tested positive, 7.7% was a current smoker & 23.1% had quit

researchsquare.com/article/rs-370…
680/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 8,104 individuals with cancer or a history of cancer who were tested, 12.1% were smokers or had a history of smoking

Of 1,672 who tested positive, 9.2% were smokers or had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
681/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 83 patients discharged from hospital, 7 had a history of smoking (8.4%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
682/
Missouri*, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

Of 97 hospitalized patients, 46.4% had a smoking history (SH)

Of 55 in ICU, SH=54.5%

Of 25 who died, SH=64%

Notes:

*probably

77.3% were African-American

reporting error in table 3

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
683/
New York City, USA (adult female smoking in NY State was 10.9% in 2019)

Of 118 patients with gynecologic malignancies & COVID‐19 infections, 4 (3.4%) were current smokers (CS) & 24 (20.3%) were former smokers (FS)

66 hospitalized: CS=2 (3%) & FS=16 (24.2%)

Continued
683a/

54 mild: CS=2 (3.7%) & FS=8 (14.8%)

45 moderate: CS=1 (2.2%) & FS=10 (22.2%)

19 severe: CS=1 (5%) & FS=6 (30%)

17 deaths: CS=1 (5.9%) & FS=5 (29.4%)

acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…
684/
New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 107 who tested positive, 4 were current smokers (3.7%) & 49 were former smokers (45.8%)

Of 42 who were hospitalized, zero were current smokers & 22 were former smokers (52.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
685/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 252 people with Covid-19-HIV co-infection, smoking was reported in 53 (21.0%*)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

See next tweet for notes
685a/

Notes:

*21.7% reported with no explanation why

possible underreporting

smoking among people living with HIV is typically more prevalent than general population

some overlap with other studies in thread
686/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 101 hospitalized patients, 44 were current or former smokers (43.6%)

rcpjournals.org/content/clinme…
687/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 158 hospitalized patients, 10.8% had a history of smoking

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
688/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 209 hospitalized patients, 18.7% were current or previous smokers

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…
689/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 2,400 hospitalized patients, 4.7% were current smokers (CS) & 21.3% were former smokers (FS)

1,371 male: CS=6.3% & FS=31.3%

1,029 female: CS=2.6% & FS=22.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
690/
Cuba (adult current smoking rate was 35.2% in 2016)

Of 63 hospitalized patients, eight were current smokers (12.7%)

Note: median age was 38

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
691/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 188 hospitalized patients, 16 were current smokers (8.5%)

Of 39 of them who died, 5 were current smokers (12.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
692/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 1,787 hospitalized patients, 5.1% were current smokers & 3.4% were ex-smokers

Of 137 who died, 2 were current smokers (1.5%) & 12 were ex-smokers (8.8%)

authorea.com/users/347834/a…
693/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 6,310 diagnosed with Covid-19, 13.8% were smokers

Of 2,164 hospitalized, 6.3% were smokers

Of 250 deaths, 18% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/users/347762/a…
694/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,001* patients, 4.5% were smokers

Of 132* who died, 3.8% were smokers

Notes:

*numbers calculated from data in table 1 - didn't work out to whole numbers

not specified if current or ever

annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…

More 👇 Image
695/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,092 hospitalized patients, 11.5% were smokers

Of 191 admitted to ICU, 18.9% were smokers

Of 98 who died in hospital, 13.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
696/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 89 hospitalized patients, 12.4% had a history of smoking

Of 36 of them who died, 13.9% had a history of smoking

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
697/
Connecticut & Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rates were 12.2% & 13.4% in 2019)

Of 318* hosptialized patients, 44% were ever smokers

Of 97* who died, 52.6% were ever smokers

*numbers calculated from data in Table 1

escholarship.org/uc/item/88z3f7…
698/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 30 people living with HIV diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.7% were active smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/d…

Continued
698a/

Of 90 people living without HIV diagnosed with C-19 patients in an age, sex, and race/ethnicity-matched control group, 4.4% were active smokers & 22.2% were former smokers

Note: Cigarette smoking rate is high among PLwHIV. NCI estimated ~40% in US as of Jan 2020
699/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 37 individuals with a history of asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, 32.4%* were current or former smokers (CFS)

*Also written in the paper: "Asthmatic patients were mainly female (70%), non-smokers (85%)..."

Continued
699a/

Of 11 admitted to ICU, 27.2% were CFS

Of 75 Covid-19 patients without asthma in a random control group, 24% were CFS

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
700/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% in 2019. Adult smoking including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 319 patients reporting flu-like symptoms, one was a tobacco user (0.3%)

Of 123 of them diagnosed with Covid-19, one was a tobacco user (0.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
701/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 111 critically ill patients, 7.2% were current smokers & 36% were past smokers

Update of study in tweet 234

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

702/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 70 patient-facing hospital staff tested for antibodies, 9 were smokers (12.9%)

Of 15 who tested positive, 2 were smokers (13.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
703/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 50 hospitalized patients, 36% had a history of smoking

Updated & peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 227

insight.jci.org/articles/view/…

704/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 807 patients hospitalized at VA Medical Centers, 15.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

cell.com/med/fulltext/S…

Update of study in tweet 66

705/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 34 critically ill patients, 10 were tobacco smokers (29.4%)

Of 17 who died, 6 were tobacco smokers (35.3%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

82.4% of patients & 76.5% of deaths were male

researchsquare.com/article/rs-506…
706/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 113 hospitalized patients, 28.3% were current smokers

authorea.com/users/348339/a…
707/
Bangladesh (adult smoking rate was 23% in 2016. M=44.7% & F=1%)

Of 103 individuals with non-critical confirmed cases, 31.1% were smokers (S)

77 mild: S=32.5%
10 moderate: S=30%
16 severe: S=25%

Continued
707a/

Notes:

71.8% of patients were male

not specified if current or ever

smokeless tobacco use (not reported) could complicate results

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
708/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 197 patients with confirmed cases, 15.7% had a history of smoking

Of 88 whose symptoms were aggravated, 19.3% had a history of smoking

Note: 18.3% of patients were medical staff

researchsquare.com/article/rs-505…
709/
Mexico (tobacco use rate age 20+ was 11.4% in 2018)

To June 30

Of 69,334 hospitalized patients, 8.2% were active smokers (AS)

46,107 developed pneumonia: AS=8.7%

6,706 mechanically ventilated: AS=8.7%

5,937 in ICU: AS=8.2%*

24,770 died in hospital: AS=8.9%

Continued
709a/

"...in this study...smoking was not found to be a risk factor for severity outcomes"

Note: *number error in Table 3. Also in text (lines 167 & 168)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
710/
Oregon, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2019)

current smokers=CS & former smokers=FS

161 tested positive: CS=8 (5%) & FS=41 (25.5%)

52 in Acute Care Unit: CS=4 (7.7%) & FS=18 (34.6%)

19 in ICU: CS=1 (5.3%) & FS=8 (42.1%)

Continued
710a/

7 ventilated: CS=1 (14.3%) & FS=3 (42.9%)

Note: possible overlap with tweets 12 & 443

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…



711/
Los Angeles County, USA (adult smoking rate was 11% in 2015-17)

Of 6,062 health care workers tested for antibodies, 102 were current smokers (1.7%) & 87 were current vapers (1.4%)

Of 212 who tested positive, CS=3 (1.4%) & CV=4 (1.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
712/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 130 patients, 46.9% had a history of smoking

Of 32 with severe cases, 56.3% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
713/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 2,466 hospitalized patients, 11.8% had a history of smoking

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
714/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 60 recovered patients, 15 were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever. The term "smoking history" was used twice

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
715/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 86 critically ill patients, 12 were smokers (14%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
716/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 132 hospitalized patients, 22% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
717/
Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

Of the first 100 patients who died from Covid-19 in Colombia, 9 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2…
718/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 91 hospitalized patients with severe cases, 15 had a history of smoking (16.5%)

Of 52 who died, 9 had a history of smoking (17.3%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
719/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 4,140 who tested positive, 28.4% were ever smokers (ES)

1,964 outpatients: ES=22.4%
795 emergency department: ES=20.2%
619 inpatients (non-ICU): ES=38.6%
575 ICU: ES=39.9%
187 deaths: ES=58.3%

Continued
719a/

Note: the 5 categories of outcomes are mutually exclusive

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
720/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,673* patients at 2 arthritis outpatient clinics, 16.5% were current smokers (CS)

44* with confirmed or highly suspected C-19: CS=15.9% (7)

18* confirmed only: CS=21.1% (4)

Continued
720a/

researchsquare.com/article/rs-516…

Notes:

*Numbers calculated from Tables 1 & 2 because of apparent missing data

Appears connected to study in tweet 552

721/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 200 patients, 11.5% were smokers

33 mild/moderate: S=5 (15.2%)
139 severe: S=14 (10.1%)
28 critical: S=4 (14.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever
researchsquare.com/article/rs-515…
722/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 172 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 7.6% had a "smoke habit"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-423…
723/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 50 patients with non-severe cases, 22 were smokers (44%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full…
724/
Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of 28,599 health-care workers tested for antibodies, 16.1% were current smokers & 6.6% were former smokers

Of 1,565 who tested positive, 14.4% were current smokers & 6.8% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
725/
patients likely to have been counted in other papers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
726/
Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 80 patients with confirmed or suspected Covid-19 admitted to ICU, three were current smokers (3.8%) & 10 were previous smokers (12.5%)

Note: snus use (not mentioned) could complicate results

researchsquare.com/article/rs-524…
727/
Italy (adult male smoking rate was 28.3% in 2015)

Of 29 hospitalized men, 14 were smokers (48.3%)

Of 20 who needed invasive oxygen assistance, 9 were smokers (45%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-504…
728/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 2,791* hospitalized patients, 13.4% were smokers

Notes:

*number calculated from Table 1 due to likely missing data

not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-517…
729/
New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 2,823 patients with cytokine storm, 2.4% were active smokers, 16.1% were former smokers & an additional 3.6% were smokers (unknown whether current)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
730/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 896 hospitalized patients, 8.7% were current smokers & 17% were former smokers

Of 340 who died, 7.4% were current smokers & 19.9% were former smokers

Note: ~79% of patients were Black

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
731/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 92 who tested positive, 8 were current smokers (8.7%)

Of 17 hospitalized (non-ICU), CS=1 (7.1%)

Of 44 admitted to ICU, CS=3 (6.8%)

Note: All ICU patients included. Others randomly chosen.

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
732/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 2,917 hospitalized patients, 6.8% were current smokers & 32.5% were former smokers

Of 794 of them who died, 7.9% were current smokers & 42.1% were former smokers

Note: median age was 70

clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-…
733/
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 21 patients who died, 8 were smokers

Notes:

40% was reported but 8 out of 21 is 38.1%
not specified if current or ever
17 patients were male (81%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
734/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 71 hospitalized patients, 6 were current smokers (8.5%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
735/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 26 patients admitted to ICU, 7 were tobacco users (26.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
736/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 50 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, zero were current smokers & 12 were past smokers (24%)

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
737/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 20 COVID-19 ARDS patients admitted to ICU and mechanically ventilated, 3 had a history of smoking (15%)

Of 12 of them who died, 1 had a smoking history (8.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-522…
738/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 79 patients admitted to ICU, 30%* were tobacco smokers

Notes:

*probably 30.4%
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-524…
739/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 850 patients with severe Covid-19, 3.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-524…
740/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 246 ICU patients who were mechanically ventilated, 8.5% were tobacco users

Of 111 of them who died, 11.7% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-524…
741/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 221 (antibody-positive) patients enrolled in a plasma donation program, 22.6% were past or current smokers

Of 103 who donated plasma, 25.2% were past or current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
742/
Country (adult smoking rate)

USA (13.7% in 2018)
Spain (24% in 2019)
Italy (23.7% in 2016)

Of 137* kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with C-19, 28.5% were current or past smokers (CPS)

Of 44* who died, CPS=31.8%

*calculated from Table 1

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
743/
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 129 ICU patients, 19 were active smokers (14.7%)

Of 24 who died, 3 were active smokers (12.5%)

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…

updated & peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 135

744/
The preprint in tweet 573 no longer appears at the server. This appears to be the peer-reviewed version.

dovepress.com/characteristic…

745/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 120 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 6 were current smokers (5%)

Of 7 of them who had diarrhea at admission, zero were current smokers

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
746/
New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 675 hospitalized patients, 25.9% had a smoking history (SH)

195 admitted to ICU: SH=26.7%
82 deaths: SH=43.9%

Note: ICU & deaths categories are mutually exclusive

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
747/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 59 ICU patients, 9 were smokers (15.3%)

Of 41 of them who died, 9 were smokers (22%)

Note: not specified if current or ever. "The term "smoking history" was used 4 times

dovepress.com/critically-ill…
748/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 52 solid organ transplant recipients who were diagnosed with C-19, 23 were current or former smokers (44.2%)

Of 40 who were hospitalized, 19 were current or former smokers (47.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
749/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 124 who tested positive, 26.6% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
750/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 79 hospitalized patients, 10 were smokers (12.7%)

0 mild
73 moderate: S=9 (12.3%)
5 severe: S=1 (20%)
1 critical: S=0

Of 74 who survived, 4 tested positive 2 weeks after discharge (S=0)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-522…
751/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 100 hospitalized patients, 4 were current smokers

Of 51 healthy controls, CS=9 (17.6%)

Note: all others reported as never smokers (i.e. 0 former)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
752/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 8,673 who tested positive, 4.7% were current tobacco users (CTU) & 9.7% were former tobacco users (FTU)

Of 1,483 hospitalized, CTU=5.2% & FTU=21.8%*

Continued
752a/

Note: There's a reporting error in Table 1. The combined number of hospitalized & non-hospitalized FTUs is 9 fewer than total FTUs. If all missing FTUs were hospitalized, than 21.8% should be 22.4%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ac…
753/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 7,941,261 people, 17.9% were current smokers (CS) & 22.3% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 19,105 of them who tested positive, CS=7.1% & XS=29.9%

Of 1,274 admitted to ICU, CS=4.4% & XS=33.5%

Continued
753a/

heart.bmj.com/content/early/…

Important (light, moderate & heavy smoking data) 👇 Image
754/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 423* patients in 17 countries with Covid-19 who had a subsequent stroke, 15.8% were smokers

Notes:

*Calculated from table 1 (could be 432 pts, S=15.5%)

not specified if current or ever

Continued

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
754a/

Patients in:

Americas 26.4%
Europe 19%
Middle East 52.8%
Asia 1.9%

57.6% were male
755/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 247 hospitalized patients, 32.8% were current or former smokers

Of 111 of them admitted to ICU and/or died, 32.4% were current or former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
756/
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 28 with severe C-19 (12 ventilated) who were referred to a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation clinic after release from hospital, zero were current smokers & 7 (vent.=5) were previous smokers (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
757/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 93 patients with Covid-19 cytokine storm, 31.2% were ever smokers

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
758/
Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

Of 35 patients with with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19, two were tobacco smokers (5.7%)

ajtmh.org/content/journa…
759/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 25 Covid-19 patients who had CTPA scans, 6 were smokers (24%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10…
760/
Appears to use the same data as the study in tweet 316

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…

761/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 64 patients, 7 had a history of smoking (10.9%)

Of 21 with severe cases, 4 had a history of smoking (19%)

jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yoken/…
Correction:

The study in tweet 482 did not occur in China. It was in Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

762/
Sardinia, Italy (smoking rate age 14+ was 20% in 2018)

Of 69 hospitalized patients, 13 were smokers (18.8%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
median age was 72

europeanreview.org/article/22291
763/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 200 hospitalized pts, 23.5% were smokers & 15.5% were opium users

Of 100 who died, 23 were smokers & 14 were opium users

not specified if current/ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-424…
764/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 59 Covid-19 patients with COPD (18), chronic bronchitis (31) or asthma (10), 49.2% were current smokers or had a history of smoking (HS)

Of 26 with severe cases, HS=15 (57.7%)

71.2% of pts were male

researchsquare.com/article/rs-534…
765/
Nebraska, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 236 workers at a meat processing facility who tested positive, 5.5% were current smokers & 19.5% were former smokers

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6… Image
766/
South Dakota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.0% in 2019)

Of 3,372 employees at a meat processing facility, 10.6% were smokers

Of 890 who tested positive, 9.7% were smokers

Note: the smokers smoked meat. Tobacco smoking wasn't reported

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
767/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 123 individuals with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases who had symptomatic COVID-19, 4 were active smokers (3.3%)

Of 54 hospitalized, 3 were active smokers (5.6%)

Note: 70% were female

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…
768/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 40 patients at a hemodialysis clinic who tested positive, 3 were smokers (7.5%)

Of 11 who died, 1 was a smoker (9.1%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
median age was 75

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20…
769/
Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 89 hospitalized patients, 11 had a history of smoking (13.4%*)

Of 13 admitted to ICU, 2 had a history of smoking (15.4%)

Note: *11 of 89 patients is 12.4%. Discrepancy was not explained

dldjournalonline.com/article/S1590-…
770/
Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 33 critically-ill patients admitted to ICU, zero were current smokers & 10 were former smokers (30.3%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
771/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 283 patients with diagnosed (182) or suspected (101) Covid-19, 12.4% were smokers

Of the 182 diagnosed, 14.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
772/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,320 who died, 24.7% were past or current smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
773/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 35 patients with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, seven were current or former smokers (20%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
774/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 484 hospitalized patients, 39% were current or ex-smokers

Odds of admission to ICU and/or death were not statistically significant

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
775/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 679 hospitalized patients, 25.5% were former or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
776/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 96 prisoners hospitalized with C-19, 3 were active smokers (3.1%) & 74 were former smokers (77.1%)

Of 569 non-prisoners hospitalized with C-19, 25 were AS (4.4%) & 189 were FS (33.2%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
777/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 29 ICU patients, 7 were habitual smokers (24.1%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
778/
UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 30,437 individuals with C-19, 7.7% were current smokers & 35% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: some patients included in study in tweet 617

779/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 571 hospitalized patients, 14% were current smokers (CS) & 9.8% were former smokers (FS)

Of 26 of them who were transferred to another facility because of exacerbation, CS=4 (15.4%) & FS=10 (38.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
780/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 566 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), 8.3% were smokers

Of 15 of them diagnosed with C-19, one was a smoker (6.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/md…

Continued
780a/

Notes:

survey answered by people living with PD (57.6%), caregivers (41.9%) or relatives (0.5%)

not specified if current or ever

people who smoke are less likely to be diagnosed with PD
781/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 11 ICU patients, 3 were smokers (27.3%)

Of 3 who died, 2 were smokers (66.7%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

2/3 smokers had cancer (1 hospitalized at time of infection) - both died

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
782/
Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

"By July 25, Colombia...has reported...8,269 deaths..."

"The INS has published a list of the frequency of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients who died, including...history of smoking (5%)..."

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
783/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 429 with positive diagnoses, 8.4% had a history of smoking (HS)

Of 29 with adverse outcomes*, HS=65.5%

*such as severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS or multiple organ failure

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
784/
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 100 recovered patients, 22 were smokers

Notes:

33 were hospitalized
not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamac…
785/
USA (teen & young adult vaping rate was OMG ePiDeMiC!!!!!!!11! in 2019)

Of 506 individuals ages 13-24 in a non-random sample who said they were tested, 75.5% said they ever vaped (EV)

Of 67 who said they were diagnosed with C-19, EV=74.6%

jahonline.org/article/S1054-…
786/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,643 patients hospitalized with severe C-19, 177 were smokers (10.8%*)

Notes:

current/ever not specified

*percentages in table don't correspond to numbers - discrepancy not explained

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
787/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 820 cancer patients who developed C-19, 38.2% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: overlaps with studies in tweets 329 & 683



788/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 153 hospitalized patients, 7.2%* were active smokers

Notes:

*5% was also reported
median age was 70

researchsquare.com/article/rs-571…
789/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 44 recovered patients, one was a smoker (2.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-571…
790/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 70 asymptomatic patients who tested positive, 11 had a history of smoking (15.7%)

Of 22 who became symptomatic, 7 had a history of smoking (31.8%)

medsci.org/v17p2187.htm
791/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 23 hospitalized patients who had a lung biopsy, zero were current smokers & 2 were former smokers (8.7%)

Note: "Mean duration of hospitalization was 29 days"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
792/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 257 Covid-19 patients, 16.7% were smokers

Notes:

not stated if current or ever. "Smoking history" appeared once

63.5% of patients were male

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
793/
Of 104 treated for psoriasis for at least 3 months before testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 5 were current smokers (4.8%)

Of 15 of them who were admitted to ICU, intubated and/or died, zero were current smokers

Continued

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jd…
793a/

Note: Not stated where patients were. Authors were from:

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

and

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Massachusetts appears more likely in my opinion
794/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 40 patients who were in severe respiratory failure and supported with ECMO, 7 were smokers (17.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamas…
795/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 49 recovered patients, 4 were current* smokers (8.2%)

Notes:

"8.2% (4/49) were daily smokers" also appears

median age was 37

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
796/
Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 3,883 who tested positive, 8.5% were current smokers (CS) & 33.3 were former smokers (FS)

Of 898 hospitalized, CS=9.1% & FS=38.9%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

overlap 👇

797/
India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 144 hospitalized patients, 9 were smokers (6.3%) with a median smoking index of 200

ijmr.org.in/preprintarticl…
798/
Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 249 hospitalized patients, 38.2% were former or current smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
799/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 596 C-19 patients, 5.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever. "Smoking history" appeared once

academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-…
800/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 104 hospitalized patients, 12 had a smoking habit (11.5%)

Note: "smoking habit" was defined as "current or in the preceding six months"

…adachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/he…
801/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 25 asymptomatic patients with C‐19 who underwent urgent or emergency cardiac surgery, 5 were cigarette smokers (20%)

Note: 18 pts were male (72%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
802/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 58 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (3.4%)

Note: Iran population smoking prevalence statistics are questionable

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
803/
Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 3,657 hospitalized patients, 7.4% were current smokers & 31.6% were former smokers

Of 456 of them who died, 6.4% were current smokers & 47.1% were former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
804/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 98,925 adults in a random population sample who were tested for antibodies, 10.8% were current smokers

Of 5,492 who tested positive, 7.9% were current smokers

imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial…
805/
Los Angeles, USA (adult smoking rate in LA County was 11% in 2015-17)

Of 104 hospitalized patients, 6.7% were current smokers & 19.2% were former smokers

Of 24 who were intubated, 4 were current smokers (16.7%) & 6 were former smokers (25%)

Continued
805a/

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Notes:

Smoking increased risk among *hospitalized patients*. Conclusion doesn't apply to general population. Authors need to be clearer about that.

Overlap with study in tweet 510

806/
Chile (adult smoking rate was 38% in 2015)

Of 29 patients with severe Covid-19, 5 were smokers (17.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
807/
New York City, USA (adult female smoking in NY State was 10.9% in 2019)

Of 123 patients hospitalized for labor & delivery, 5 were current or prior smokers (5.7%)

Of 46 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, two were current or prior smokers (4.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
808/
From Mexico. More robust data appear elsewhere in this thread.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
809/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 446 hospitalized patients, 6.3% were current smokers (CS) & 76.5% were former smokers (FS)

*Of 199 who died, CS=4.7% & FS=68.8%

Note: *deaths numbers don't add up

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
810/
Ohio, Kentucky & Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5%, 23.4% & 21.1% in 2019)

Of 428 diagnosed with C-19, 39.7% were past or current smokers

Note: probable overlap with study in tweet 370

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

811/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 343 patients who were discharged alive from hospital*, 6.1% were current smokers & 29.7% were former smokers

*while hospitalized they required at least 6 litres of oxygen each

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
812/
Chile (adult smoking rate was 38% in 2015)

Of 381 who tested positive, 3.4% were current smokers

Of 88 of them who were hospitalized, 6.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
813/
Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 338 patients who were tested (*see note), 30.5% were current or former smokers

Of 136 of them who tested positive, 22% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
813a/

Note:

"Patients were included in the study if they presented to the emergency room and were admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (cases) or tested negative for COVID-19 within 24 hours of hospital admission (controls)"
814/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 217 who tested positive, 16.6% were smokers

Of 25 of them who were critically ill, 16% were smokers (4)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
815/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 66 hospitalized pts. who had a transthoracic echocardiogram, 18.2% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

"32...were critically unwell of which 25 were invasively ventilated"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-580…
816/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 4,143 people in one town tested for antibodies, 19.3% were active or former smokers

Of 918 who tested positive, 12.3% were active or former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

Note: 👇 Image
817/
Appears to use the same data as study in tweet 29

portlandpress.com/bioscirep/arti…

818/
Of 191 with cancer & confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK (97), Italy (56) & Spain (51), 58.6% were current or former smokers (CFS)

Of 57 who died from C-19, CFS=62.7%

Adult smoking rates:

UK: 14.7% in 2018
IT: 23.7% in 2016
ES: 24% in 2019

mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/7…
819/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 156 critically ill patients hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, two were active smokers (1.3%) & 11 had stopped* (7.1%)

Of 87 who died, one was an active smoker (1.1%) & 5 had stopped* (5.7%)

Continued
819a/

Note: *stopped over a year prior to hospitalization

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/7/…
820/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 199 patients hospitalized with confirmed C-19, 13 were active smokers (6.5%)

Of 64 who were artificially ventilated and/or died, 6 were active smokers (9.4%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
821/
New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 764 Covid-19 patients who received ICU support, 21.9% were former or current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…

Likely overlap with study in tweet 775

822/
England, UK

Of 250,740 people with T1 diabetes, 17.3% were current smokers (CS) & 24.6% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 464 of them who died with Covid-19, CS=8.8% & XS=37.7%

Updated & peer-reviewed version of study in tweets 322 & 322a



Continued
822a/

Of 2,871,570 people with T2 diabetes, CS=12.8% & XS=35%

Of 10,507 of them who died with Covid-19, CS=5.4% & XS=42.9%

thelancet.com/journals/landi…

See note 👇

823/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 83 ICU patients who received ECMO, two were active smokers (2.4%)

Of 30 of them who died, one was an active smoker (3.3%)

Note: 5 patients still in ICU when written (1 still ECMO): AS=0

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
824/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 48 patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 whose symptoms included bradycardia, 16 were current smokers (33.3%)

wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
825/
Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)*

As of June 13

Of 142,690 positively diagnosed, 8.1% were smokers

Of 16,872 who died, 8.9% were smokers

Note: after further inquiry, 17.6% appears to be more reliable than 11.4% reported elsewhere

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
826/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10 were current smokers (10.2%) & 15 were former smokers (15.3%)

Of 100 hospitalized with influenza, 11 were current smokers & 18 were former smokers

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
827/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 921 patients hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.7% were active or previous smokers

Of 248 who died from any cause, 20.6% were active or previous smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
828/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 96 diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19, 4 were smokers (4.2%) & 8 were ex-smokers (8.3%)

Note: 8/113 total were ages 0-19. Not clear whether they were excluded from smoking status stats

kjim.org/journal/view.p… Image
829/
Much of the same data as study in tweet 778 but less up-to-date

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

830/
Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 67 ever cancer patients who tested positive, 55.2% were ever smokers (ES)

Of 256 without cancer diagnosis who tested positive, 35.2% were ES

Note: not stated where patients were

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
831/
Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,437 (or 1,438)* hospitalized patients, 6.4% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated from Table 1, due to probable missing data; number was 1437.5

not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
832/
Somalia (daily smoking rates: male=13.1% & female=1.6% in 2015)

Of 60 patients with confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia, zero were current smokers & 6 were past smokers (10%)

Notes:

70% of patients were male
population smoking statistics are unreliable

dovepress.com/loss-of-taste-…
833/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 119 patients hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, six had a history of smoking (5%)

jenonline.org/article/S0099-…
834/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 105 hospitalized patients, 11 were current smokers (10.5%)*

Notes:

*10.4% reported
mean age was 73.7

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
835/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 261 C-19 patients who were intubated, 5.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-562…

Notes:

In South Bronx Image
836/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 57 ICU patients, 6 were "acute smokers" (10.5%)

Of 31 of them who died, 3 were "acute smokers" (9.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-567…
837/
Maryland, DC & Virginia, USA (adult current smoking rates were 12.5%, 13.8% & 14.9% in 2019)

Of 114 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, 19 had a history of smoking (16.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
838/
Bangladesh (adult smoking rate was 23% in 2016: M=44.7% & F=1%. Smokeless tobacco use was ~30% in both genders in ~2015)

Of 1,016 confirmed cases, 18.2% were current tobacco users (CT) & 3.9% were current smokeless tobacco users (ST)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
838a/

Of 654 not cured by the 14th day, CT=16.2% & ST=3.7%
Of 61 not cured by the 28th day, CT=19.7% & ST=9.8%

Of 23 who died by the 14th day, CT=13% & ST=13%
Of 25 who died by the 28th day, CT=16% & ST=12%

Notes:

64% male
"smokeless tobacco" doesn't always contain tobacco
839/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 50 ICU patients, one was a current smoker (2%) & 9 were former smokers (18%)

Note: Death data doesn't make sense; numbers possibly reversed. If this is the case, of 9 deaths, CS=0 & FS=1 (11.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-594…
840/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 207 hospitalized patients, 9 were smokers (4.3%)

Of 42 of them who still tested positive 21 days after beginning hospitalization, one was a smoker (2.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15…
841/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of about 2,359* hospitalized patients in up to 11 countries, about 17% were smokers

Notes:

*patient number calculated from reported numbers & percentages in Table 1

not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
842/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 100 hospitalized patients, 31 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
843/
Chicago & New York City, USA (adult smoking rates were 16.8% in 2018 & 13.4% in 2017)

Of 34 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, four were active smokers (11.8%) & 20 (16?) had a history of smoking (58.8% [47.1%?])

nature.com/articles/s4137…
844/
New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 9,842 hospitalized patients, 21.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

kidney-international.org/article/S0085-…
845/
China (adult female smoking rate was 2.7% in 2018)

Of 45 breast cancer patients with Covid-19, "All patients were females with no smoking history"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-572…
846/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 466 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, 22.5% were smokers

Of 277 with severe cases, 20.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
847/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 39 with hidradenitis suppurativa & confirmed cases of Covid-19, 11 were current or past smokers (28.2%)

Of 8 hospitalized, 3 were current or past smokers (37.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
848/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 449 individuals tested for antibodies, 16.5% were smokers

Of 151 who tested positive: "...the odds of being seropositive were lower in smoker participants (OR: 0.49, 95% CI 0.27 – 0.89, p=0.021)"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-537…
849/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 162 patients hospitalized with non-severe Covid-19, 21 were heavy smokers (13%)

Of 25 whose condition deteriorated to critical, 4 were heavy smokers (16%)

Note: "heavy" was not defined

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
850/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 42 patients admitted with proven COVID-19 pneumonia who had a lower limb complete doppler ultrasound, 3 were current smokers (7.1%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
851/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 39 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, 5 were tobacco smokers (12.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
852/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 274 patients who died, 9.5% had a history of smoking

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
853/
UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 708 pregnant women with suspected (629) or confirmed (79) infections, 5.9% were current smokers & 18.9% were past smokers

Note: data self-reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
854/
France

No numbers reported, but smoking among psychiatric patients is invariably much more prevalent than in the general population

sciencedirect.com/science/articl… Image
855/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 69 hospitalized patients, 18.8% had a history of smoking

medscimonit.com/abstract/index…
856/
Guinea (adult smoking rate was 12.8% in 2009)

Of 35 patients, 7 had a "smoking vice"

Note: not specified if current or ever

panafrican-med-journal.com/content/series…
857/
Algeria (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2016)

Of 86 hospitalized patients, 14 were smokers (16.3%)

Notes:

number & percentage of smokers didn't agree in table 1.
14 & 16.3% is the most plausible

not specified if current or ever

panafrican-med-journal.com/content/series…
858/
Morocco (adult current smoking rate was 23.4% in 2016)

Of 97 patients hospitalized with suspected C-19, 20 were smokers and/or drinkers (20.6%)

Of 35 who tested positive, 5 were S/Ds (14.3%)

Notes:
all pts tested
not specified if current or ever

panafrican-med-journal.com/content/articl…
859/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 62 patients hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 11 were smokers (17.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/jac/advance-ar…
860/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 215 hospitalized patients, 20.5% were smokers

"...smoking was not a risk factor for the virus or associated with severe manifestations..."

authorea.com/users/352258/a…
861/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 275 patients, 17.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-609…
862/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 326 hospitalized patients, 16.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-601…
863/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 10 patients who received thrombolysis for profound hypoxia (9 on mechanical ventilation, 1 on CPAP), one was a smoker (10%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
864/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 183 hospitalized patients, six had a history of smoking (3.3%)

Note: 62.3% patients were male

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
865/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 111 with confirmed diagnoses, 6 were current smokers (5.4%) & 15 were former smokers (13.5%)

Of 22 hospitalized, 1 was a current smoker (4.5%) & 6 were former smokers (27.3%)

journal.einstein.br/article/epidem…
866/
Philadelphia, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18-19% in 2017)

Of 35 patients hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 15 were current or former smokers (42.9%)

immunology.sciencemag.org/content/5/49/e…
867/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 5,740 diagnosed with Covid 19, 3.3% were current tobacco users (CTU) & 22.3% were former tobacco users (FTU)

Of 198 of them who died, CTU=2% & FTU=44.4%

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
868/
India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 50 hospitalized patients, 5 had "tobacco dependence" (10%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
869/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Appears to use the same data as study in tweet 391, but the numbers are different

Numbers of current, ever & non-smokers:

391: 96, 200, 892
869: 96, 42, 892 (9.3, 4.1, 86.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-523…

870/
England, UK (adult smoking was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 47 hospitalized C-19 pts, 2 were active smokers (4.3%) & 6 were ex-smokers (12.8%)

Of 19 whose face masks tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (tested ~1 day after NPS test), AS=1 (5.3%) & XS=2 (10.5%)

connect.medrxiv.org/relate/content…
871/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 528 hospitalized patients, 20.1% were ever smokers

Of 79 who required mechanical ventilation, 24.1% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
872/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 5,795 hospitalized patients, 13.6% were current or former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ob…
873/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 414 hospitalized patients, 20.3% were smokers

Of 107 of them who died, 20.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
874/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 34 patients with severe Covid-19, "Ten patients (29.4%) were active smokers or had a history of smoking"

nature.com/articles/s4137…
875/
Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 117 hospitalized pts, 6* were current smokers (5.1%) & 43 had a history of smoking (36.8%)

Of 48 admitted to ICU or who died, CS=1 (2.1%) & HS=18 (37.5%)

*5 reported: likely in error

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
876/
New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 2,145 hospitalized patients, 3.6% were current smokers & 20.9% were former smokers

Of 436 admitted to ICU, 4.1% were current smokers & 21.1% were former smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
877/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 997 hospitalized patients, 4.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but it's probably current

thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
Correcting my error (tweet 797)

Of 144 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (1.4%) & 7 were "reformed smokers" (4.9%)

median smoking index of 200 (n=6)

ijmr.org.in/temp/IndianJMe…

878/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 100 patients hospitalized with confirmed (86) or highly likely (14) C-19, 13 were current smokers

Of 76 with severe (& critical) cases, 9 were current smokers (11.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
879/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 9,218 hospitalized patients, 5.3% were current smokers & 25% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
880/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 379 hospitalized patients, 14.3% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
881/
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 583 hospitalized patients, 18.3% were tobacco users

Of 174 of them who were mechanically ventilated, 16.7% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
882/
Spain (adult female smoking rate was 18.6% in 2015)

Of 477 pregnant women who were tested, 9% smoked during pregnancy

Of 8 of them who tested positive, zero smoked during pregnancy

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
883/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 10,905 hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome, 28% were current smokers & 34.2% were previous smokers

Of 353 diagnosed with Covid-19, 14.4% were current smokers & 42.5% were previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
884/
Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 11,720 who tested positive, 18.1% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
885/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 932 health care workers, 24.5% were smokers

Of 119 of them diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
886/
Greece (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 32 patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, seven were current smokers (21.9%) & four were former smokers (12%)

Note: Current, former, & never smokers added together is 33 (102.6%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
887/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 81 with inflammatory bowel disease & confirmed (28) or suspected (53) SARS-CoV-2 infections, 14 were smokers (17.3%)

Of the 28 confirmed cases, one was a smoker (3.6%)

not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/adv…
888/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 21,453 Veterans Administration HC system patients with a history of cancer who were tested, 40% were current smokers (CS) & 43.4% were former smokers (FS)

Of 1,673 who tested positive, CS=27% & FS=53.7%

Continued
888a/

"Covid-19 attributable mortality was lower in current smokers (6.45%) compared to former/never smokers (11.99%; P=.002)."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
889/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 501 health care workers without any evidence of current or past infection who were tested for antibodies, 23.4% were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

25 total tested positive.
Odds ratios, including for smoking frequency 👇 Image
890/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 587 hospitalized patients, 29.6%* were active or ex-smokers

Of 65 with severe cases, 46.2% were active or ex-smokers

Note:

error in table 1
29.6% is most plausible

researchsquare.com/article/rs-639…
891/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 323 hospitalized patients, 8.4% were current smokers

OR for poor outcome (current smoker):
1.70 (0.72-3.81, p = 0.209)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-623…
892/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 90 pts. with C-19 pneumonitis, 27 were current smokers (30%) & 15 were former smokers (16.7%)

Of 23 who developed pulmonary fibrosis, 14 were current smokers (60.9%) & 5 were former smokers (21.7%)

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
893/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 41 hospitalized patients, 25 had a history of smoking (61%)

jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prm/5/…
894/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 54 diagnosed with Covid-19, 29 were smokers (53.7%)

Of 21 severe (11) & critical (10) cases, 12 were smokers (57.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever. "Smoking history" was used twice

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
895/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 161 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16 were current smokers (9.9%)

Of 25 with non-mild cases, CS=2 (8%)

Of 16 mild cases with aggravation of symptoms, CS=3 (18.8%)

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
896/
New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 1,025 infected & initially treated as outpatients, 24% were former or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: there could be a small amount of overlap with study in tweet 876

897/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 1,197 with confirmed cases, 24.3% were smokers*

Of 215 hospitalized, 14.4% were smokers*

*presumably current

cambridge.org/core/journals/…

Outcome by smoking frequency 👇 Image
898/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 1,239 hospitalized patients, 2.5%* were smokers & 2.1%* were "addicts"

Continued

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
898a/

Notes:

Raw numbers indicate smokers=2.2% & "addicts"=1.9%. Discrepancy not explained

Not specified if current or ever

No definition of "addict"
899/
Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 20 hospitalized C-19 patients who had "evidence of myocardial injury as well as...a heightened inflammatory syndrome", 7 were current or former smokers (35%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
900/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 3,788 with confirmed Covid-19, 7.9% were current smokers (CS) & 14.7% were former smokers (FS)

Of 15,152 in an age & sex-matched control group, CS=15.5% & FS=13.2%

Note: error in Table 1

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
901/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 3,080 with confirmed Covid-19, 9.9% had a "smoking habit"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…
902/
Greece (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 61 hospitalized patients, two were active smokers (3.3%)

annalsgastro.gr/files/journals…
903/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 194 hospitalized patients, 30.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ajtmh.org/content/journa…
904/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 4,757 hospitalized pts, 8.6% were current smokers (CS)

Of 964 of them who died, 9.9% were CS

Of an additional 1,258 pts (not included in totals above) without discharge info, 12.1% were CS

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
905/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 302 on CV medication who were hospitalized with Covid-19 , 8.3% were current smokers & 5.3% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
906/
Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

Of 44 hospitalized patients, 43.2% had a history of smoking

Of 37 of them who had severe pneumonia, 43.2% had a history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-579…
907/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 111 patients hospitalized with mild Covid-19, 15.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-568…
908/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 24 ICU patients, 16 were current or former smokers (66.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-528…
909/
USA (adult current smoking was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 91 organ transplant recipients who were critically ill with Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 31 were former smokers (34.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…

Continued
909a/

Of 266 non-organ transplant recipients who were critically ill with Covid-19 in a propensity score-matched control group, 8 were current smokers (3%) & 78 were former smokers (29.3%)
910/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,106 health care workers who were tested, 22.3% were current smokers & 12.5% were former smokers

Of 164 who tested positive, 11% were current smokers & 20.1% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202… Image
911/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 99 C-19 patients with pneumonia, severe pneumonia or ARDS, 15 were current smokers (15.2%)

Of 35 admitted to ICU (28) and/or who died (12), 5 were current smokers (14.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-643…
912/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,033 hospitalized patients, 6.1% were ever smokers

Of 359 of them with severe or critical cases, 8.1% were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-640…
913/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 53 ICU patients with ARDS, 14 were smokers (26.4%)

Of 16 of them treated with ECMO, 4 were smokers (25%)

Of 8 of the ECMO pts. who died, 2 were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-586…
914/
Same data as study in tweet 778

Additional info: Of 89 Covid-19 patients among people living with HIV, 11 were current smokers (12.4%) & 16 were former smokers (18%)

Note: Smoking more prevalent among PLWHIV than population

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
915/
India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 1,729 who tested positive, 4.3% were smokers

Of 457 of them who were symptomatic, 10.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
916/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 50 "with severe pneumonia and poor prognosis criteria", 16 were smokers or ex-smokers (32%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
917/
Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 244 hospitalized patients, 7.8% were current smokers & 29.5% were former smokers

Of 31 of them with neurological complications, 6.5% were current smokers & 35.5% were former smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
918/
California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 241 symptomatic individuals tested, 21.6% were current smokers & 23.2% were former smokers

Of 29 who tested positive, zero were current smokers & 31% were former smokers

Note: UCSF

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
919/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 117 tested for SARS-CoV-2 one to two weeks after discharge from hospital for C-19, 8.5%* were current smokers (CS)

Of 12 who tested positive, CS=3 (25%)

Note: *error in Table 1 - 9.3% reported

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
920/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 244 with hematological malignancies who tested positive, 27 were active smokers (11.1%)

ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

Continued
920a/

OR (active smoking)

for severe Covid-19: 1.88 (0.89–3.9) p=0.094
mortality: 1.3 (0.6–2.79) p=0.4

Note: included an unspecified number of pediatric patients. 8.2% of patients were ages 0 to 40
921/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 105 hospitalized patients, 8 were current smokers (7.6%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
922/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of ~1,407 dialysis patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, 7.5%* were current smokers (CS) & 23.1%* were former smokers (FS)

Of ~40,838 dialysis patients not declared infected, CS=12.3%* & FS=26.6%*

Continued
922a/

kidney-international.org/article/S0085-…

Notes:

all reported percentages could be higher if patients for whom smoking status data was missing (13.2%) were included in total numbers (1,621 infected; 47,048 not infected)

important 👇 Image
923/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 217 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with C-19, 15.2% were smokers (S)

Of ~194 hospitalized, S=15.5%

Of ~86 severe cases, S=16.3%

Of ~33 who died, S=15.2%

not specified if current/ever

kidney-international.org/article/S0085-…
924/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 52 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who reported new-onset olfactory and taste disorders, 9 were active smokers (17.3%) & 7 were previous smokers (13.5%)

mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/…
925/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 19 Covid-19 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, 1 was a current smoker & 1 had a prior smoking history (5.3% each)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
926/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 134 hospitalized patients, 21.6% were current smokers & 14.9% were ex-smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
927/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 67 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 26.9% had a history of smoking

thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
928/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 150 hospitalized patients, 11.3% were smokers

Of 31 with gastrointestinal symptoms, 12.9% were smokers

Notes:

Brooklyn
not specified if current or ever

karger.com/Article/FullTe…
929/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 408 patients, 2.7% were current smokers & 0.5% were ex-smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
930/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 218 C-19 patients, 23 were current smokers (10.6%)

24 asymptomatic: CS=2 (8.3%)
10 mild: CS=2 (20%)
146 moderate: CS=14 (9.6%)
24 severe: CS=3 (12.5%)
14 critical: CS=2 (14.3%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
931/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 450 hospitalized patients, 23.6% were current or past smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
932/
Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 14 people living with HIV who tested positive, "Past or present smoking and alcohol use was noted in the medical histories of 7 patients" (50%)

Notes:

M=12, F=2
Black=12, Hispanic=2

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
933/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 76 patients hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, 11 were smokers 14.5%* were smokers

Notes:

*15% reported
patients with confirmed cases were excluded
not specified if current or ever

jocmr.org/index.php/JOCM…
934/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 232 hospitalized patients age ≥60, 10.8% were current smokers (CS)

140 mild: CS=17 (12.1%)
63 severe: CS=4 (6.3%)
29 critical: CS=4 (13.8%)

aging-us.com/article/103582
935/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 11,721 hospitalized patients, 16.4% had a history of smoking

Of 1,967 who were mechanically ventilated, 14.9% had a history of smoking

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar… Image
936/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 11 non-intubated Covid-19 patients who developed spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema with (10) or without (1) pneumomediastinum, "No patients reported a history of smoking"

clinicalimaging.org/article/S0899-…
937/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 803 hospitalized patients, 9.2%* were current smokers

Of 141 with poor BP control, CS=4.4%*

Notes:

*Numbers & percentages didn't agree. Could be 7.2% & 3.5%

Unknown status counted as non-smoker

nature.com/articles/s4144…
938/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,180 health care workers, 30.3% were current smokers

Of 30 who tested positive, 26.7% were current smokers

Note: 457 physicians (38.7%) & 723 nurses (61.3%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
939/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,154 hospitalized patients, 13.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-623…
940/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 42 hospitalized patients who had whole body CT angiography, 31% were active smokers

Of 23 of them admitted to ICU, 47.8% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-650…
941/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 1,796* individuals with diabetes tested, 21.2% were smokers

Of 171* who tested positive, S=19.3%

Of 41* hospitalized, S=24.4%

Notes:

*calculated from reported data
current or ever not specified

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dm…
942/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 139 patients hospitalized "with a clinical picture suggestive of atypical pneumonia/viral pneumonitis" who tested positive, 18.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
943/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 694 diagnosed with Covid-19, 20.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ajconline.org/article/S0002-…
944/
ajconline.org/article/S0002-…

Patients were included in study in tweet 523

945/
Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 168 patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 10.7% were current smokers & 25% had quit (more than one year)

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-… Image
946/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 38 with C-19 ARDS who were mechanically ventilated longer than 7 days, two were current smokers (5.3%)

Of 18 with pulmonary herpes simplex virus reactivation, one was a current smoker (5.6%)

ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
947/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 40 hospitalized patients with confirmed arterial thrombosis, 5 were current smokers (12.5%) & 18 were former smokers (45%)

Of 15 who tested positive, CS=zero & FS=15 (40%)

Note: Bronx

jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-…
948/
Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 11 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 1 was a current smoker (9.1%)

Of 3 pts with conventional human coronavirus pneumonia, 3 were current smokers (100%)

Notes:

SARS-CoV-2: Male=4/11
cHCoV: M=3/3

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
949/
Indonesia (adult smoking rate was 33.8% in 2018)

Of 30 confirmed Covid-19 patients, 14 were current or former smokers (46.7%)

jidc.org/index.php/jour…
950/
Sardinia, Italy (smoking rate age 14+ was 20% in 2018)

Of 30 pts with C-19 pneumonia, 10 were smokers (33.3%)*

Of 30 pts with non-C-19 pneumonia in an age & sex-matched control group, 24 were smokers (80%)*

jidc.org/index.php/jour…

See notes in next tweet
950a/

Notes:

*Possible error in Table 1. Could be 66.7% & 20%.

"...COVID-19 patients were more often smokers (66% vs. 20%, p = 0.0003) and more likely to die during the follow-up (30% vs. 3%, p = 0.006)"

current/ever not specified

possible overlap

951/
Iraq (adult smoking rate was 20.7% in 2015: M=38% & F=1.9%)

Of 11 adults diagnosed with C-19, three were smokers (27.3%)

Notes:

7/11 were male
11/11 Kurdish (lower smoking prevalence)
2 non-mild cases: both nonsmokers
current/ever not specified

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
952/
Iceland (adult daily smoking rate was 8.6% in 2017)

Of 24 ICU patients, zero were current smokers & 11 were previous smokers (45.8%)

journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Abs…
953/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 42 patients treated with HFNC therapy, 7 were smokers (16.7%)

Of 19 of them for whom the therapy failed, 4 were smokers (21.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Abs…
954/
Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 242 ICU patients, 26.9% were tobacco users

Of 48 who died, 41.7% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful… Image
955/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 116 ICU patients, 33.6% were ever smokers

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
956/
England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 105 patients hospitalized with symptoms consistent with COVID-19, 9.5% were current smokers & 36.2% were ex-smokers

Of 70 who tested positive, 8.6% were current smokers & 32.9% were ex-smokers

pmj.bmj.com/content/early/…
957/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 151 liver transplant recipients in 19 countries who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, three were current cigarette smokers (2%)

Of 28 who died, one was a current cigarette smoker (3.6%)

thelancet.com/journals/langa…

Continued Image
957a/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 627 non-liver transplant recipients in & around Oxford who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, seven were current cigarette smokers (1.1%)

Of 167 who died, one was a current cigarette smoker (0.6%)

Continued
957b/

The standardized reporting form in both parts of study asked about current use of "tobacco products other than cigarettes (vaping, etc)" 🙄

None was reported in paper (meaning: it wasn't mentioned. Alcohol & illicit drug use weren't mentioned either) Image
958/
Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 200 pts discharged alive from hospital, 45 were smokers (22.5%) & 6 had a history of opium use (3%)

Notes:

not stated if current or ever
80% were male

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
959/
Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 123 ICU patients, 18.7% were current or former smokers

Of 24 who died, 29.2% were current or former smokers

Note: error in non-smoker row in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
960/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 250 who tested positive, 15 were smokers (6%)

Of 200 hospitalized, 11 were smokers (5.5%)

Of 100 admitted to ICU, 6 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
961/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 36 patients diagnosed with emergent large vessel occlusion, 6 had a history of smoking (16.7%)

Of 13 who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 3 had a HS (23.1%)

9/36 died: 5/6 had a HS

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15…
962/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 11 were current smokers (23.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10…
963/
Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 4,347 who tested positive, 4.9% were current smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

Of 1,312 hospitalized, 4.9% were current smokers & 34.1% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
964/
UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

CS = Current or ex-smoker within 1 year
XS = Ex-smoker > 1 year

Of 6,077 health care workers, CS=9.1% & XS=20.1%

Of 1,754 who self-isolated due to symptoms or a positive test, CS=7.9% & XS=20.4%

Continued
964a/

Of 450 with lab-confirmed Covid-19, CS=27 (6%) & XS=96 (21.3%)

Of 48 hospitalized due to suspected/confirmed Covid-19, CS=3 (6.3%) & XS=7 (14.6%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

👇 Image
965/
Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 38 patients hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, four were smokers (10.5%)

16 severe: S=2 (12.5%)
22 critical: S=2 (9.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
966/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 186 patients hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 8 were current smokers (4.3%) & 38 were former smokers (20.4%)

Of 39 who died, one was a current smoker (2.6%) & six were former smokers (15.4%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
967/
Chile (adult smoking rate was 38% in 2015)

Of 80 patients with confirmed Covid-19, eight were smokers (10%)

Of 45 hospitalized, seven were smokers (15.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
968/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 55 hospitalized patients, 12 were smokers (21.8%)

Of 43 with encephalopathy, 10 were smokers (23.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
969/
Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

Of 99 patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 3 were smokers. Or 20.

There appears to be an error in Table 1

Undoubtedly these patients were included in national statistics reported in other tweets.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
970/
Kansas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.2% in 2019)

Of 53 hospitalized patients, "Thirty percent of patients [16] were current or former smokers. Sixty-six percent of patients [35] had no history of tobacco, alcohol, or drug abuse."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
971/
Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 444 recovered patients, 13.1% were active smokers & 9% were former smokers

Notes:

43.2% were male

post COVID-19 functional status reported; read study if interested

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
972/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 7,699,568 people, 17.1% were smokers (S)

Of 328,892 diagnosed with C-19, S=22.6%

Of 37,638 hospitalized, S=25.3%

Of 12,287 who died, S=25.3%

Note: 15% of people & 2.57% of positive diagnoses were less than age 15
972a/

When <age 15 excluded (assuming all <15 didn't smoke)

Of 6,541,364 people age 15+, S=20.1%

Of 320,428 diagnosed with C-19, S=23.2%

Of 37,402 hospitalized, S=25.5%

Of 12,286 who died, S=25.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
973/
Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

Of 416,546 with confirmed C-19, 7.4% were smokers (S)

Of 113,853 hospitalized, S=7.8%

Of 46,508 who died, S=8.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: added numbers of hospitalized & non-hospitalized smokers exceeds total smokers Image
974/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 432 survivors discharged from Covid-19 hospitalization, 14.4% had a history of smoking*

Of 147 who had severe cases, 10.9% had a history of smoking*

Note: *probably current

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
975/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 49 patients with confirmed C-19, 26.5% were active smokers

Of 58 in a healthy control group, AS=32.8%

Of 33 in a control group with non-Covid lung infection/disease, AS=27.3%

pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac…
976/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 126 discharged alive after Covid-19 hospitalization, 13 were current smokers (10.3%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
977/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 405 hospitalized patients, 11.4% had a history of smoking

Of 148 with severe disease, 16.9% had a history of smoking

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
978/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 9 individuals with sickle cell disease ages 19 to 40 hospitalized with symptomatic Covid-19, one was a smoker (11.1%)

All nine improved and were discharged home

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jh…
979/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 33 hospitalized patients, one was a current smoker (3%) & seven were former smokers (21.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ob…
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Update

Of 2,223 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 40+ countries, 4.1% were current smokers (CS)

Of 557 hospitalized patients, CS=5.7%

Of 107 admitted to ICU, CS=4.7%



Continued
Update continued

Of 84 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=2.4%

Of 151 who died, CS=4.6%

Note: smoking among people with IBD may differ from general population

covidibd.org/current-data/

Update

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

Of 24,589 cases, 6.2% were current smokers
Of 1,699 hospitalized, 5.9% were current smokers

Of 24,463 cases, 13.8% were former smokers
Of 1,688 hospitalized, 21.3% were former smokers



Continued
Update continued

Notes:

As of September 1. Numbers are updated regularly.

Of 52,391 cases, 7.5% were age <15
Of 2,188 hospitalized, 1.7% were age <15

coronavirus-dashboard.utah.gov/#risk-factors

ImageImage
980/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 432 hospitalized patients, 10% were current smokers (CS)

Of 43 admitted to ICU, CS=11.6%

Of 118 mechanically ventilated, CS=14.4%

Of 143 who died, CS=12.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
981/
Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 366 hospitalized patients, 10.7% were current smokers & 13.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
982/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,829 hospitalized patients, 5.6% were current smokers & 27% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
983/
New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 49 hospitalized patients with arterial thromboembolism and confirmed COVID-19, two were active smokers (4.1%) & seven were ex-smokers (14.3%)

annalsofvascularsurgery.com/article/S0890-…
984/
India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 75 patients with moderate (36) or severe (39) Covid-19, one was reported to be a smoker (1.3%)

Note: the smoker was a 73-year-old male with a severe case

aaojournal.org/article/S0161-…
985/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 31 patients admitted to ICU for respiratory failure related to COVID-19, two were tobacco users (6.5%)

Of 7 who died, zero were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
986/
Iceland

"Among recovered persons, antibody levels are higher in older persons and in those more severely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Women...had lower antibody levels....SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were lower in smokers."

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… Image
987/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 71 hospitalized C-19 patients who had CT imaging data of the liver, 15 were current smokers (21.1%) & 2 were former smokers (2.8%)

Of 13 with severe cases, CS=7 (53.8%) & FS=1 (7.7%)

journals.lww.com/eurojgh/Abstra…
988/
Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 20 people living with HIV hospitalized with Covid-19, 3 were current smokers (15%) & 5 were former smokers (25%)

Note: smoking rate is high among PLWHIV. NCI estimated ~40% in US as of Jan 2020

journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Abs…
989/
Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.2% in 2019)

Of 60 patients with confirmed acute ischemic stroke, 20 were smokers (33.3%)

Of 9 of them with Covid-19, 2 were smokers (22.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
990/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 19 patients hospitalized for a thrombotic event & found to have COVID-19 or for COVID-19 and developed a thrombotic event, 2 were current smokers (10.5%) & 7 were former smokers (36.8%)

jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-…
991/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 655 individuals age 18 to 65 who tested positive, 2.8% were current smokers & 16% were former smokers

Of 110 hospitalized, 0.9% was a current smoker & 21.8% were former smokers

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01…
992/
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 159 who had a CT scan within 4 days of testing positive, 6.3% were active smokers & 38.4% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-698…
993/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 2,666 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for Covid-19, 35.8% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
994/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,763 patients hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 13.7% were smokers (S)

1,514 severe: S=12.2%
249 critical: S=22.5%

Note: not stated if current or ever. "Smoking history" was used once

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
995/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,433 hospitalized patients, 36% were ever smokers

Of 361 who died in hospital, 36.6% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
996/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 147 ICU patients, 77.6% were never smokers (i.e. 22.4% were ever smokers)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
997/
Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 299 ICU patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection who were mechanically ventilated, 4.3% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
998/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 267 Covid-19 patients who were mechanically ventilated, 2.6% were active smokers & 27.3% were former smokers

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/An…
999/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 41 patients with SARS-CoV-2–induced ARDS who were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 4 were current smokers (9.8%) & 14 were former smokers (34.1%)

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/An…
1,000/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,014 hospitalized patients, 3% were current smokers & 17.1% were former smokers

Of 100 of them who had active cancer, 2 were current smokers & 29 were former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
Updated & peer reviewed version of study in tweet 69

Of 94 patients with moderate to severe HRF, 45.7% were smokers

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e0…

Continued

(continued)

Notes:

current/ever not specified

Smokers were *more* likely to require intubation than non-smokers

an error in text made it past peer review
1,001/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 27 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 who tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies, 4 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
1,002/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 72,703 people tested, 13% were current smokers (CS) & 43.9% were former smokers (FS)

Of 4,267 who tested positive, CS=8% & FS=31.4%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Continued
1,002a/

When health care workers were excluded:

Of 66,560 tested, CS=14% & FS=45.4%

Of 3,737 who tested positive, CS=8.8% & FS=33.4%

Note: many were counted in study in tweet 557

1,003/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 56 patients who died, 3 were current smokers (5.4%) & 18 were former smokers (32.1%)

nature.com/articles/s4137…
1,004/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,248 hospitalized patients, 22.4% were active smokers*

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ST…

*Important: see note in next tweet
1,004a/

The studies in tweets 982 & 1,004 both studied from patients hospitalized at Mount Sinai Health System

982: March 1 to April 28
1,004: March 1 to May 1

The number of active smokers in 1,004 seems implausibly high compared to other MSHS studies

1,005/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 26 cancer patients who tested positive, 46.2% were past or current smokers

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,006/

France (adult female smoking rate was 22.9% in 2018)

Of 100 pregnant women who were SARS-CoV-2-positive*, two were tobacco users

Notes:

99 tested positive, 1 tested negative but was diagnosed via CT scan

not specified if current or ever

wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26…
1,007/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 12,601 hospitalized patients, 8.6% had "nicotine dependence"

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Note:

not specified if current or ever

overlap with studies in tweets 90 & 299



1,008/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 117 who tested positive, 29.9% were tobacco users (ongoing or stopped)

Of 52 who did not test positive, 44.2% were tobacco users (ongoing or stopped)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,009/

Chile (adult smoking rate was 38% in 2015)

Of 527 hospitalized patients, 21 were active smokers (4%)

Of 54 who died, one was an active smoker (1.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-711…
1,010/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 139 cancer patients who had a CT scan, 47.5% were current or former smokers (CFS)

Of 31 of them diagnosed with Covid-19, ten were CFS (32.3%)

2 were current smokers (6.5%)
8 were former smokers (25.8%)

Continued
1,010a/

10 asymptomatic: CS=2 (20%) & FS=5 (38.5%)

6 mild: CS=0 & FS=1 (16.7%)

15 severe/critical: CS=0 & FS=3 (20%)

14 hospitalized: CS=0 & FS=3 (21.4%)

3 ICU: CS=0 & FS=0

6 deaths: CS=0 & FS=0

Notes:

diagnosis by CT scan
error in Table 2

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
1,011/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 150 critically ill patients, 6 were current smokers (4%)

Of 50 with unfavorable outcomes*, 1 was a current smoker (2%)

*death or requiring mechanical ventilation 28 days after ICU admission

researchsquare.com/article/rs-667…
1,012/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 318 patients hospitalized with confirmed (272) or suspected (46) Covid-19, 12.3% were current smokers & 6.3% were ex-smokers

Of 47 who died, 19.1% were current smokers & 6.4% were ex-smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,013/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 71 ICU patients, 11.3% were current smokers & 21.1% were past smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,014/

Iraq (adult smoking rate was 20.7% in 2015: M=38% & F=1.9%)

284 hospitalized patients in an apparently non-random sample:

72 no comorbidity
71 smokers
71 with diabetes
70 smokers with diabetes

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.10…

Severity & outcomes 👇 Image
1,015

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 12 patients with psoriasis diagnosed with Covid-19, one was a smoker (8.3%)

Of 9 hospitalized, one was a smoker (11.1%)

One death: non-smoker

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
1,016/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 397 hospitalized patients who were treated with oxygen, 9.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
1,017/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 267 hospitalized patients, 6 were heavy smokers (2.2%)

"Heavy smoker was defined as consuming 10 cigarettes per day"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,018/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 21 Covid-19 patients who were hospitalized with severe ARDS requiring intensive care (7 died, 14 survived), zero were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,019/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 77 cancer patients who tested positive for asymptomatic Covid-19, "nicotine abuse" (🙄) was recorded for 6 of them (7.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-715…
1,020/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 63 ICU patients, 5 were smokers (7.9%)

Of 22 who died, 2 were smokers (9.1%)

Note: Not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-685… Image
1,021/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 300 ICU patients, 22.3% were current smokers

Of 157 who died, 28% were current smokers

Note: Bronx

journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.11…
Update

Of 59,884 diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.7% were current smokers & 26.7% were previous smokers

Of 14,532 hospitalized, CS=8.6% & PS=31.6%

Note: 2.3% of sample & 1.1% of hospitalized were <18

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Correction (my error):

Of 24,708 individuals age ≥40 treated with ACEi, ARB, or dhpCCB who were diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.9% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
mean age in mid- to upper 60s

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

1,022/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 23 kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients and kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients with Covid-19, two were smokers (8.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,023/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 28 hospitalized patients, two were current smokers (7.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,024/

Massachusetts, USA (adult female smoking rate was 11.7% in 2019)

Of 51 patients with systemic rheumatic disease who tested positive, 2 were current smokers (3.9%) & 20 were former smokers (39.2%)

Of 23 hospitalized, CS=zero & FS=10 (43.4%)

Continued
1,024a/

Of 96 without rheumatic disease in a control group based on age, sex and date of positive test, CS=6 (6.3%) & FS=20 (20.1%)

Of 29 hospitalized, CS=3 (10.3%) & FS=10 (34.5%)

ard.bmj.com/content/79/9/1…
1,025/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 128 cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19, 40.1% were former or current smokers

mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/8/…

Former & current smokers were separated for odds ratios Image
1,026/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 469 hospitalized patients, 27.5% were current or ex-smokers

Note: Bronx

cureus.com/articles/39950…
1,027/

Quebec & British Columbia, Canada (tobacco smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% & 12% in 2018)

Of 163 individuals with a history of cancer who tested positive, 16% were current smokers & 31.9% were past smokers

Note: 92.5% were from Quebec

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,028/

UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 1,202 hospitalized patients, 8% were current smokers & 40.5% were ex-smokers

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/8/…
1,029/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 31 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in ICU, "One fourth of the cohort had a history of smoking, but ongoing smoking was unusual."

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,030/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 10 were smokers (21.3%)

Of 20 admitted to ICU, 4 were smokers (20%)*

Notes:

*19% reported. Discrepancy not explained

Mallorca

mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/8/…
1,031/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 418 hospitalized patients, 8.6% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,032/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 110 hospitalized patients, 23.6% had a history of smoking

Of 38 with severe pneumonia, 23.7% had a history of smoking

karger.com/Article/Abstra…
1,033/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 11 patients with severe Covid-19, six were current smokers (54.5%)

Notes:

8 male, 3 female: all smokers were male

One patient was mechanically ventilated: a 70-year-old smoker

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,034/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 197 individuals with at least one disease of the circulatory system who died due to Covid-19, 7.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,035/

Bangladesh (adult smoking rate was 23% in 2016: M=44.7% & F=1%)

Of 139 health care personnel who tested positive, "Around 6.5%...were smokers"

Notes:

41% were male

1 death: "He was a smoker and had triple vessel disease"

cureus.com/articles/38798…
1,036/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 10 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, two had a history of smoking (20%)

2 deaths: HS=1

M=8, F=2: both with HS were male

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111…
1,037/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 705* who had bariatric surgery between 2004 & 2020, 10.5% were smokers (S)

Of 59* who had a "Covid-19-likely-event", S=13.6%

Notes:

*calculated from Table 2
not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ob…
1,038/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 116 patients hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, 21 were smokers (18.1%)

Of 17 whose cases progressed to severe, 4 were smokers (23.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

degruyter.com/view/journals/…
1,039/

Thailand (adult smoking rate was 19.9% in 2016)

Of 111 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 11.7% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,040/

Los Angeles, USA (adult smoking rate in LA County was 11% in 2015-17)

Of 29 hospitalized patients who had a transthoracic echocardiogram, one was a current smoker (3.4%) & 10 had quit (34.5%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,041/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 81 ICU patients, 14 had a history of smoking (17.3%)

OR

Of 81 ICU patients, 5 had a history of smoking (6.2%)

Note: 14 (6%) reported

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,042/

Spain (adult female smoking rate was 18.6% in 2015)

Of 246 pregnant women who tested positive, 14.2% were current or ex-smokers

Of 763 pregnant women who did not test positive, 12.3% were current or ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,043/

Of 1,021,440* 23andMe research participants, 8.4% were current smokers

Of 132,024* tested, CS=8.5%

Of 14,908* positive, CS=7.6%

Of 1,088* hospitalized, CS=6.8%

Notes:

*calculated from Table 1

93.2% from US

all data self-reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,044/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,248 frontline health care personnel in 12 states who were tested for antibodies, 128 were current smokers (3.9%)

Of 194 who tested positive, 3 were current smokers (1.5%)

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
1,045/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 60 Covid-19 patients discharged alive from hospital, 7 had a history of smoking (11.7%)

Of 8 with severe cases, 1 had a history of smoking (12.5%)

atm.amegroups.com/article/view/4…
1,046/

South Africa (adult current cigarette smoking rate was 21% in 2017)

Of 113 hospitalized patients, "A history of smoking was present in 8 cases" (7.1%)

Note: 24 patients were HIV-positive (21.2%)

samj.org.za/index.php/samj…
1,047/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 464 moderately ill patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 in 14 States and Union Territories, 8% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,048/

Another study with national data from Mexico. Other studies in this thread are more up-to-date.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,049/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 100 Covid-19 patients, 10 were smokers

Notes:

66 patients were male
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-622…
1,050/

Update (another study with the same data, but I missed something the first time)

Of 18 patients who were admitted to ICU or died, one was a smoker (5.6%)

Note: neither specified if current, but all other patient data did

researchsquare.com/article/rs-644…

1,051/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 80 severe or critically ill Covid-19 patients admitted to ICU, 39 were smokers (48.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever. "Smoking history" was used twice

researchsquare.com/article/rs-667…
1,052/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 20 ICU patients with respiratory failure, 8 were tobacco smokers (40%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-700…
Update:

Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 68

bjgp.org/content/early/…

Of 1,257,137 patients registered at 157 general practices, 17.4% were current smokers

Of 8,985 suspected cases, 11.7% were current smokers

OR: 0.60 (95%CI 0.56 to 0.63)

1,053/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 1,130 health care personnel in ~67 countries, 22.9% were current or former smokers

Of 244 with confirmed diagnoses of Covid-19, 20.9% were current or former smokers

Note: all data self-reported

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,054/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 114 patients age ≥ age 60 hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, 16.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,055/

Uganda (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2016)

Of 56* hospitalized patients, "Only one patient reported a history of tobacco smoking" (1.8%)*

Note: *smoking status missing for an unreported number

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e0…
1,056/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 22 cancer patients with suspected Covid-19, 11 were smokers (50%)

Of 11 with positive diagnoses (tested positive or diagnosed with negative test), S=6 (54.5%)

Of 5 who tested positive, 3 were smokers (60%)

Continued
1,056a/

Of 6 diagnosed with C-19 who died, S=3 (50%)

Of 4 tested positive who died, S=2 (50%)

Notes:

9 patients had lung cancer (41%), including 4 positives (36.4%) & 1 death with C-19 (all smokers except 1 negative)

not specified if current or ever

ejcancer.com/article/S0959-…
1,057/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 216 patients with malignant solid tumors hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.9% had a history of smoking (HS)

Of 37 who died, HS=37.8%

Note: 49 patients (22.7%) & 14 deaths (37.8%) had lung cancer

jitc.bmj.com/content/8/2/e0…
1,058/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 57 non-critically ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19, nine were smokers (15.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,059/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 844 patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-…
1,060/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 260 patients who tested positive, 32% had a history of smoking

After being divided into 2 groups (159+101), 8.8% had a history of smoking

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,061/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 150 patients with COVID-19 requiring tracheal intubation, 4 were smokers (2.7%*)

Notes:

*2.8% reported; discrepancy not explained

not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,062/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 97 hospitalized patients, 9 were current smokers (9.3%)

HR for in-hospital death (current smoker vs non-smoker):
3.20 (95%CI 0.88-11.64) p=0.078

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,063/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,222 adults ages 18-34 hospitalized for C-19, 15.9% were smokers (S)

Of 343 mechanically ventilated and/or who died, S=12%

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
pregnant patients excluded
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
1,064/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 275 people living with HIV & confirmed C-19, 38.2% were current or former smokers

Of 156 hospitalized, CFS=42.9%

Note: smoking rate is high in PLWHIV. NCI estimated ~40% in US as of Jan 2020

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,065/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 12 were present or previous smokers (25.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,066

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 147 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10 were current smokers (6.8%)

19 mild: CS=0
58 moderate: CS=7 (12.1%)
58 severe: CS=3 (5.2%)
12 fatal: CS=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,067/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 14,684 individuals with hepato-pancreato-biliary conditions, 22.4% were current smokers (CS) & 33% were past smokers (PS)

Of 206 with confirmed Covid-19, CS=11.7% & PS=49.5%

Note: East London

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,068/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 861 hospitalized patients, 38.2% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: some overlap with study in tweet 803

1,069/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 77 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, one was a current smoker (1.3%) & 25 were former smokers (32.5%)

Continued
1,069a/

Of 25 who required non-rebreather or more oxygen and/or who died, 10 were former or current smokers (40%)

Of 75* HSCT recipients diagnosed with Covid-19 one was an ever vaper (1.3%)

*2 patients with missing vaping status excluded

jci.org/articles/view/…
1,070/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 46 with pre-existing interstitial lung disease diagnosed with COVID-19, 4 were current smokers (8.7%) & 23 were former smokers (50%)

Of 15 who died, CS=1 (6.7%) & FS=7 (46.7%)

Continued
1,070a/

Of 92 without pre-existing interstitial lung disease diagnosed with COVID-19 in an age, sex, and race-matched control group, CS=5 (5.4%) & FS=30 (32.6%)

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rc…
1,071/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 with confirmed Covid-19, six were smokers (11.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,072/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 11 individuals ages 16 to 40 hospitalized for clinically suspected acute or fulminant myocarditis who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, zero were smokers

journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-…
1,073/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 556 who tested positive, 32.7% were current or former smokers

Of 164 with severe* cases, 45.1% were current or former smokers

*e.g. ICU, ventilator, death in hospital

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,074/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 53,130 respondents to a survey who reported a history of gastrointestinal symptoms, 22.5% said the smoke every day & 8.8% said they smoke some days (CS=31.3%)

Continued
1,074a/

Of 3,386 who said they tested positive, 73.1% said they smoked every day & 13.3% said they smoke some days (CS=86.4%)

"...it is possible that some respondents were simply dishonest regarding their diagnosis of COVID-19..."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,075/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 600 hospitalized patients, 11.2% were current smokers & 14.2% were ex-smokers

journals.lww.com/ajg/Abstract/9…
1,076/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

196 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19: 7% were current smokers & 27% were former smokers

176 hospitalized: CS=7% & FS=28%
66 died: CS=12% & FS=23%

US, UK, EU, S Am.

ashpublications.org/blood/article/…
1,077/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 130 diagnosed with Covid-19 who had a chest CT scan, 20% were current smokers & 7.7% were former smokers

"we also did not found any relationship between smoking history and morbidity or mortality"

ejradiology.com/article/S0720-…
1,078/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 47 hospitalized for dyspnea or chest pain with suspected COVID-19, 3 were current smokers (6.4%) & 7 were previous smokers (14.9%)

Of 31 who tested positive, CS=1 (3.2%) & PS=5 (16.1%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,079/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 19 hospitalized patients, 4 were smokers (21.1%)

Of 10 with pericardial effusion*, 2 were smokers (20%)

Notes:

*patients with PE had more serious outcomes

not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,080/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 3,772 with confirmed diagnoses of Covid-19, 4.1% were current smokers

ashpublications.org/blood/article/…
1,081/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 14,419 hospitalized patients, 5.3% were current smokers & 25.4% were former smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,082/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 96 patients with severe Covid-19, one had a history of smoking (1%)

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

Of 43 patients with severe Covid-19, two had a history of smoking (4.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-737…
1,083/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 19 individuals receiving biologic therapy hospitalized with Covid-19, one was a smoker (5.3%)

Of 4 admitted to ICU, one was a smoker (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ap…
1,084/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 13,546 individuals age >40 diagnosed with Covid-19, 13% were smokers (S)

Of 793 with COPD diagnosed with C-19, S=33.9%

Of 74 with COPD & C-19 who died, S=28%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…

Continued
1,084a/

Patients with COPD:

793 with C-19 (Jan-May 2020): S=33.9%

826 with influenza (Dec 2019-Apr 2020): S=43.8%

1,066 with influenza (Dec 2018-Apr 2019): S=39.3%

"...we were not able to determine with precision whether smokers were still active tobacco users..."
1,085/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 50,025 life insurance applicants tested for antibodies, 4.1% were current smokers*

Of 1,520 who tested positive, 3.1% were current smokers*

*current smoking = tobacco use within one year

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,086/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 38 with acute Covid-19, zero were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,087/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,904 with COVID-19-related hospitalizations, 4.7% were current smokers & 27.5% were former smokers

Note: patients who were not Black, Hispanic, or White were excluded

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,088/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 45 ICU patients with Covid-19 ARDS, 14 were smokers (31.1%)

Of 19 with bacterial pulmonary superinfections, 7 were smokers (36.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,089/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 70 non-hospitalized patients, 13 were current or recent smokers (18.6%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
1,090/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 578 hospitalized Covid-19 patients, 9.2% were smokers

Of 128 with severe or critical Covid-19, 15.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cp…
1,091/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 4,878 hospitalized patients, 5.6% were current smokers & 25.7% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,092/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 61 hospitalized patients, 4 had a history of smoking (6.6%*)

Of 22 with severe cases, 2 had a history of smoking (9.1%**)

Continued
1,092a/

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…

Notes:

*6.5% reported
**9% reported

Might be the same patients as in tweet 465a, or might not be

1,093/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 9,575 who tested positive, 5.9% were current smokers (CS) & 20.5% were former smokers (FS)

Of 2,990 hospitalized, CS=7% & FS=28.8%

Of 355 who died in hospital, CS=5.6% & FS=48.2%

Continued
1,093a/

When hospital employees were excluded:

Of 7,976 positive, CS=6.1% & FS=22.2%

Adjusted OR for hospitalization *if positive*:

CS: 1.44 (1.17-1.76) <.001
FS: 1.22 (1.08-1.38) 0.002

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Much overlap with study in tweet 803

1,094/

Oregon, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2019)

Of 283 with symptoms thought to be due to COVID-19 who were tested, 17.3% were current smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

Of 16 positive, zero were current smokers & 37.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Updated & peer-reviewed version:

"No current smokers identified in the prolonged cohort"

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…

1,095/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 7,337 who tested positive, 20.5% were past or present smokers

Note: MSHS

link.springer.com/article/10.100… Image
1,096/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 19 patients admitted to a hospital orthopedic surgery and traumatology department who developed nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 had a history of smoking (31.6%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,097/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 308* hospitalized patients, 38% were current or former smokers

Of an unclear number of patients with severe cases, ~50% or more were current or former smokers

Note: *calculated from table 1

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,098/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 117 hospitalized patients, 9.4%* were smokers

Of 36 with severe cases, 19.4% were smokers

Note: not clear if current or ever; "smoking history" used 3 times

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,099/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 20 Covid-19 patients in critical care who suffered from arterial thromboses, "Surprinsingly, no patient was actively smoking at the time of the event."

internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-…
1,100/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 128 patients who died, 30 were current or past smokers (23.4%)

109 died from Covid-19: CPS=27 (24.8%)

19 died with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CPS=3 (15.8%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,101/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 22 ICU patients, 6 were tobacco smokers (27.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…

Most patients included in study in tweet 1,052

1,102/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 111 who tested positive & lived to tell about it in a survey, 7 were current tobacco smokers (6.3%) & 38 were former tobacco smokers (34.2%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,103/

Wisconsin & Utah, USA (adult current smoking rates were 16.1% & 9% in 2019)

Of 58 who tested positive, zero were current smokers or vapers & 13 were former smokers or vapers (22.4%)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…

Continued
1,103a/

Of 188 household contacts tested, CSV=18 (9.6%) & FSV=17 (9%)

Of 52 positive, CSV=3 (5.8%) & FSV=4 (7.7%)

Total:

246 tested: CSV=18 (7.3%) & FSV=30 (12.2%)

110 positive: CSV=3 (2.7%) & FSV=17 (15.5%)

Note 👇 Image
1,104/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 2,459 hospitalized patients, 13% were current smokers

Of 479 who died, 12.3% were current smokers

Note: Many ORs reported using different calculations (see supplementary material too)

nmcd-journal.com/article/S0939-…
1,105/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 1,022 hospitalized patients, 6.9% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" used once

unspecified locations in Midwest US: authors in MN, WI, NC

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,106/

Suffolk County, NY, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.8% in 2015. NY State current smoking was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 1,295 hospitalized patients, 37.5% were current or former smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
1,107/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 51 hospitalized with severe or critical C-19, 40 were former or current smokers (78.4%)

Of 18 hospitalized longer than 28 days (+1 who died after 14 days), 12 were former or current smokers (63.2%)

medsci.org/v17p2257.htm
1,108/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 115 diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.3% were smokers

Of 47 who died, 10.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,109/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 934 hospitalized patients, 3.2% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,110/

US (adult smoking was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 4,858 C-19 pts, 5.3% were current smokers (CS) & 19.5% were former smokers (FS)

3,925 hospitalized*: CS=2.9% & FS=19.5%

597 of all 4,858 who died: CS=3.4% & FS=29.6%

*pts admitted directly to ICU excluded
cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,111/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 135 who had a stroke in 2019, 23 were smokers (17%)

Of 172 who had a stroke in 2020, 10 were smokers (5.8%)

Of 31 with Covid-19 who had a stroke, 1 was a smoker (3.2%)

Continued
1,111a/

Notes:

Proportion of stroke patients who were male:

2019: 67.9%
2020: 72.3%
C-19: 90.3%

not specified if current or ever

population smoking rates include citizens & residents

Abu Dhabi

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,112/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 with chronic liver disease & C-19, 61.5% were smokers

Of 52 with Covid-19 but without chronic liver disease in a randomly-selected control group, S=61.5%

Note: not specified if current or ever

aging-us.com/article/103632…
1,113/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 523 hospitalized patients, 7.6% were smokers

Of 99 with severe cases, 13.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

aging-us.com/article/103770
1,114/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 83 SARS-CoV-2-positive who had a stroke, 8 were smokers* (9.6%) & 5 were illicit drug users* (6%)

Notes:

*probably current & former

stroke was the presenting diagnosis in 32 pts (38.6%)

strokejournal.org/article/S1052-…
1,115/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

88 C-19 patients: 13 were active smokers (14.8%) & 35 were ex-smokers (39.8%)

20 w/ macrophage activation syndrome: AS=5 (20%) & XS=8 (40%)

35 w/ ARDS: AS=8 (22.9%*) & XS=18 (51.4%)

*9.1% reported

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,116/

Of 80 diagnosed with Covid-19 who were negative when first tested, 13 were smokers (16.3%)

Of 80 who were first-test positive in a matched control group*, 10 were smokers (12.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
1,116a/

Notes:

* "matched on age, gender and ward/ICU in the same hospital"

locations not reported: France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017) & Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018) appear probable

not specified if current or ever

👇 Image
1,117/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 11,532 hospitalized patients, 4.9% were current smokers (CS) & 29.4% were former smokers (FS)

Note: patients were divided into clusters based on symptoms; smoking status reported for each of them

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,118/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of ~1,294* women who gave birth & were tested for antibodies, 3.3% were smokers

Of up to 29* who tested positive, zero were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
1,118a/

Of 1,167* of their partners tested for antibodies, 19.4% were smokers

Of 33* who tested positive, 18.2% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated from Tables 1 & 2 due to probable missing data

not specified if current or ever
1,119/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 397 (probably) hospitalized patients, 27 were current smokers (6.8%) & 129 were ex-smokers (32.5%)

Of 60 admitted to ICU, 3 were current smokers (5%) & 25 were ex-smokers (41.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
1,119a/

Of an additional 1,822 self-selected volunteers who said they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 132 were current smokers* (7.2%) & 702 were ex-smokers* (38.5%)

Of 46 admitted to ICU*, 2 were current smokers* (4.3%) & 20 were ex-smokers* (43.5%)

Note: *=self-reported
1,120/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 94 Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure, 15 were smokers (16%)

Of 25 who died, 8 were smokers (32%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "usual smokers" used once

researchsquare.com/article/rs-734…
1,121/

Pakistan (adult current smoking rate was 19.8% in 2016)

Of 74 ICU patients, 15 were smokers (20.3%)

Of 32 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, S=7 (21.9%)

Of 31 who died, S=7 (22.6%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
56.8% male

researchsquare.com/article/rs-692…
1,122/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 73,099,850 individuals, 8.8% had a lifetime diagnosis of "tobacco use disorder", including 0.8% who received the diagnosis in the past year

Continued
1,122a/

Of 12,030 diagnosed with Covid-19, 1470 (12.1%) had lifetime TUD, including 840 (7%) with past-year diagnosis

Notes:

"recent diagnosis" suggests recent contact with HC provider(s)

many missing or inadequate definitions

Volkow is an author

nature.com/articles/s4138…
1,123/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 139 hospitalized patients, 29.5% were smokers

Of 69 with poor outcomes, 31.9% were smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-742…

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

👇 Image
1,124/

France (daily smoking was 27% in 2017)

256 w/ acute respiratory distress due to suspected C-19: 18 were active smokers (7%)

185 hospitalized: AS=12 (6.5%)
32 didn't require hospitalization AS=3 (9.4%)
39 died without hospitalization: AS=3 (7.7%)

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,125/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 11 with end stage kidney disease on chronic peritoneal dialysis hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were current smokers and 2 were former smokers (18.2%)

Note: NYC & Long Island

karger.com/Article/FullTe…
1,126/

Apparently the same data as study in tweet 292.

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…

The link in tweet 292 is now dead. This one works 👇

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,127/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 16 invasively-ventilated Covid-19 patients who had perioral pressure ulcers: "Interestingly, none of them was a smoker"

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,128/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 250 hospitalized patients, 37.2% were current smokers

Note: 177 patients were male (77.8%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,129/

Ecuador (adult smoking rate was 7.1% in 2016)

Of 319 individuals age ≥60 in rural Ecuador tested, 12 were current smokers (3.8%)

Of 141 who tested positive, 5 were current smokers (3.5%)

jns-journal.com/article/S0022-…
1,130/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 39 with a history of cancer (HC) hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, 6 had a history of smoking (15.4%)

Of 39 without HC in an age-matched control group hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, HS=9 (23.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
1,131/

Of 1,486 with Parkinson's disease, 4.7% were current smokers

Of 105 with confirmed or probable Covid-19, 6 were current smokers (5.7%)

Note: people who smoke are less likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/md…
1,132/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 40 ICU patients, 10 were current smokers (25%)

Of 40 healthy ppl in a random control group, 11 were current smokers (27.5%)

Note: 70% in both groups were male

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
1,133/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 226 with suspected (122) or confirmed (104) Covid-19, 15.5% had a history of smoking (HS)

104 confirmed: HS=10.6%. Of confirmed:

68 moderate: HS=8.8%
36 severe/critical: HS=13.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,134/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 388 pregnant women in 22 countries with Covid-19, 13.9% were smokers

Of 39 admitted to ICU, mechanically ventilated and/or who died, 5.1% were (2) smokers

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uo…

Continued
1134a/

Notes:

not specified if current or ever

none of the countries are in Africa; Europe overrepresented

Supplementary Table 2 reported 43 patients were admitted to ICU, 4 more than total ICU, ventilated & died combined. 1 was a smoker (2.3%) Image
1,135/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 276 hospitalized patients, 15.2% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
1,136/

Another study using national data from Mexico. Other studies in this thread are more current

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,137/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 100 hospitalized patients, 15 were smokers

Notes:

60 patients were male
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-783… Image
1,138/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 4,018 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals hospitalized for any reason, 27.5% were current smokers (CS) & 5.8% were former smokers (FS)

Of 1,045 who died in hospital for any reason, CS=33% & FS=5.1%

Continued
1,138a/

Notes:

Mount Sinai Health System, from which reported data has been contradictory

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…

Some overlap with other studies, e.g.

1

2
1,139/

Another from Mass General Brigham. The data in other studies in this thread are more up-to-date.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,140/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 212 Covid-19 patients, 14.6% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-698…
1,141/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 1,275 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients admitted in ICU for severe pneumonia, 6.5% were current smokers (CS)

Of ~932* who required invasive mechanical ventilation, CS=7.4%

*calculated from table 1

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
1,142/

Korea

Large study: "we found no evidence of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 test positivity and mental illness, but possible evidence of an association between mental illness and the severity of COVID-19 clinical outcomes"

smoking not reported

thelancet.com/journals/lanps…
1,143/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 170 hospitalized patients, 8 were current smokers (4.7%)

Of 90 admitted to ICU and/or who died, 1 was a current smoker (1.1%)

Note: San Diego

ajconline.org/article/S0002-… Image
1,144/

Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoker
FS=former smoker
CV=current vaper
FV=former vaper

40 hospitalized patients:
CS=12 (30%)
FS=8 (20%)
CV=5 (12.5%)
FV=zero

20 in ICU for intubation:
CS=6 (30%)
FS=4 (20%)
CV=2 (10%)

Continued
1,144a/

Notes:

not clear how patients were selected; matching numbers suggest this is not a random sample

"Thirty percent were healthcare workers"

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rc…
1,145/

Quebec, Canada (smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% in 2018)

Of 75 ICU patients, 4 were smokers (5.3%*)

Notes:

*6% reported; discrepancy not explained
not specified if current or ever
26 probably acquired infection in a healthcare facility

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,146/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 196* hospitalized patients, 56.6% were active smokers

*calculated from Supplementary Table 1 due to apparent missing data

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
1,147/

UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 52 Covid-19 patients who developed pneumothoraces, 3 were current smokers (5.8%) & 15 were ex-smokers (28.8%)

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
1,148/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 1,330 tested, 9.3% were smokers

Of 296 who tested positive, 3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
1,149/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 35 "who presented with or developed a neurological disorder and were diagnosed with COVID-19", 8 were smokers (22.9%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
all but 2 were hospitalized

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,150/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 53 people living with HIV & confirmed (42) or probable (11) Covid-19, "16 (31%)* were current smokers, and 11 (21%)* were recreational drug users in the context of group sex"

*actually 30.2% & 20.8%

journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Ful…
1,151/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 162 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 7.4% were smokers

Of 44 with pulmonary embolism, 6.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
1,152/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 70 hospitalized patients, "Twenty (28.6%) patients were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/issues…
1,153/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of 58 with hematological disorders & verified
SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were current smokers (5.2%) & 33 were former smokers (62.1%)

29 mild: CS=0
22 severe: CS=2 (9.1%)
7 critical: CS=1 (14.3%)
FS=?

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ej…
1,154/

Malaysia (smoking rate was 21.3% in 2019)

Of 124 with confirmed Covid-19, 15 were active smokers (12.1%) & 8 were reformed smokers (6.5%)

68 asymptomatic: AS=8 (11.8%) & RS=3 (4.4%)

56 presymptomatic & symptomatic: AS=7 (12.5%) & RS=5 (8.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-605…
1,155/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 431 critically ill patients who had an ECG, 10.2% were cigarette smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
median age was 74

academic.oup.com/europace/advan…
1,156/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 21 multiple myeloma in- and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4 were smokers (19%)

Of 3 who needed ICU support, 1 was a smoker (33.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

haematologica.org/article/view/9…
1,157/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 14,393 tested for antibodies, 12.2% were active smokers & 41.5% were ex-smokers

Of 967 positive, 10.1% were active smokers & 36.5% were ex-smokers

Note: smoking data collected before lockdown

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,158/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 123 patients & colleagues who had a high-risk encounter with a healthcare worker, 22% were tobacco users (TU)

Of 37 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, TU=18.9%

not specified if current/ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,159/

Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

Of 351 interns, residents & doctors tested for antibodies, 24 were smokers (6.8%)

Of 29 positive, 3 were smokers (10.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,160/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 13 hospitalized patients, zero were current smokers & one was a former smoker (7.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,161/

Sweden

Large study: "We found that individuals with [severe mental disorders] had almost double odds of COVID-19 associated death compared to the reference population without SMD"

Tobacco not reported
Would have been useful to see case numbers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,162/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 82 Covid-19 patients hospitalized or discharged from hospital, 11 were current smokers (13.4%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Another dead link

This one should work

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,163/

Colorado, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

21 critically ill COVID-19 patients: 11 survived

"Active smoking was surprisingly and encouragingly rare in our cohort, with only 1 out of 21 patients smoking at the time of admission" (4.8%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,164/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 836 with chronic liver disease & confirmed Covid-19, 11.4% were current smokers (CS) & 31% were past smokers (PS)

512 severe: CS=11.5% & PS=34.2%

115 deaths (all causes): CS=16.5% & PS=43.5%

cghjournal.org/article/S1542-…
1,165/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 704 with inflammatory bowel disease, 16.8% were active cigarette smokers

Of 53 of them with confirmed or probable Covid-19, 15.1% were active cigarette smokers

academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/adv…
1,166/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12% in 2018)

Of 598 hospitalized pregnant women with Covid-19, 13 were current smokers (2.2%) & 41 were former smokers (6.9%)

272 symptomatic: CS=8 (2.9%) & FS=20 (7.4%)

Note: unknown counted as never; n=?

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
1,167/

USA

Of 121 individuals under age 21 with SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths, 2 were smokers or vapers (1.7%)

If <age 14 excluded, 73 deaths: S/V=2.7% (assuming S/Vs were 14+)

Note: not specified if current or ever

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
1,168/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 434 patient-facing oncology department staff at 3 hospitals tested for antibodies, 8.5% were smokers

Of 80 positive, 9 were smokers (11.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,169/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 102 hospitalized patients, 9 were current smokers (8.8%) & 43 were former smokers (42.2%)

Of 31 who required high-intensity medical care, CS=1 (3.2%) & FS=19 (61.3%)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/…
1,170/

Australia

Of 41 who participated in at least one event that was associated with a wedding in Bali, 23 tested positive.

"Attendees sharing shisha at least once over the wedding events were twice as likely to be cases"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32938338/
1,171/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 32 patients with mild/moderate Covid-19, 4 were smokers (12.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-684…
1,172/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 41.0% in 2015)

Of 230 hospitalized patients, 35.7% were smokers

Correlation with ICU admission (Spearman): 0.070 (p=0.289)

Notes:

"most patients were asymptomatic"
53.5% were male
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-770…
1,173/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 55 hospitalized patients, 5 were smokers (9.1%)

Of 30 mechanically ventilated in ICU, 1 was a smoker (3.3%)

Of 7 who died, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-763…
1,174/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 32,109 VA Health System patients with rheumatological conditions, 10.8% were users of any tobacco (UAT)

Of 109 who developed active SARS-CoV-2 infection, UAT=8.3%

current/ever not specified

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
1,175/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 49 patients with confirmed Covid-19, ten were current smokers (20.4%)

Note: Cincinnati

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,176/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,103 hospitalized patients, 32.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,177/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 35 patients with persistent post-covid interstitial lung disease, 3 were current smokers (8.6%) & 5 were ex-smokers (14.3%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,178/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 131 once-hospitalized Covid-19 patients who officially recovered, 11 were current smokers (8.4%)

Of 22 who tested positive after recovery (including 2 negative tests), 2 were current smokers (9.1%)

ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-…
1,179/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

54 hospitalized patients (non-ICU): 13 were smokers (24.1%)

133 uninfected hospital & university staff in a convenience control group: 39 were smokers (29.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
1,180/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 545 hypertensive patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with respiratory involvement, 18.2% had a history of smoking

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,181/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 164 hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, 22 were current smokers (13.4%*)

Note: *both 13% & 14% reported elsewhere in paper

cjcopen.ca/article/S2589-…
1,182/

Victoria, Australia (adult daily smoking rate was 12.8% in 2016)

Of 424 with suspected C-19 tested, 45% were smokers

Of 14 who tested positive, 9 were smokers (56%)*

Notes:

*percentage is impossible: 9/14 is 64.3%
not specified if current/ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
1,183/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 44 with COVID-19 ARDS, "The mean age was 63.8 ± 12.0 years, 82% were male and only one patient was current smoker." (2.3%)

Of 17 with acute pulmonary embolism, one was a current smoker (5.9%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,184/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 12 people living with HIV diagnosed with Covid-19, seven were active smokers (58.3%) & 3 were ex-smokers (25%)

Of 7 hospitalized, 2 were active smokers (28.6%) & 3 were ex-smokers (42.9%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,185/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 39 patients with severe or immediately life-threatening COVID-19, seven were current or former smokers (17.9%)

Note: MSHS (Mount Sinai Hospital)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
1,186/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 48 recovered COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital, 15 were smokers (31.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" used once

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,187/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 128 hospitalized patients:

8 were active smokers (6.3%)
36 were past smokers (28.1%)
1 was a vaporizer user* (0.8%)

Note: *not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
1,188/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

218 hospitalized (non-ICU) for Covid-19: CS=4.1% & FS=24.3%

243 hospitalized (non-ICU) for other reasons: CS=16% & FS=27.2%

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar…

Continued
1,188a/

"No patient reported previous use of electronic cigarettes, in both case and control groups." Image
1,189/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 89 hospitalized patients, 16 had a history of smoking (18%)

cdt.amegroups.com/article/view/4…
1,190/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 274 patients aged 21-50 with confirmed Covid-19, 18.6% were current or former smokers

"Smoking was not an independent risk factor for outcomes of interest."

Note: MSHS

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ra…
1,191/

Turkey (adult female smoking rate was 14.1% in 2016)

Of 52 pregnant women hospitalized due to suspected (25) or confirmed (27) COVID‐19, one was a current smoker (1.9%) & 4 were ex-smokers (7.7%)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
1,192/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 8,856 veterans who tested positive, 12.8% were current smokers & 46% were former smokers

ORs for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation & mortality reported

Continued Image
1192a/

"Surprisingly, neither chronic obstructive pulmonary disease nor smoking—which are prevalent in the veteran population—were associated with adverse outcomes."

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
1,193/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker
FS=former smoker
PS=passive smoker 🙄

3,583 diagnosed with Covid-19:
CS=5.1%
FS=22.4%
PS=0.1%

315 deaths
CS=5.4%
FS=30.2%
PS=zero

Note: MSHS

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
1,194/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 179 who participated in a study 2 months after being discharged from confirmed Covid-19 hospitalization, 5.6% were current smokers & 24.6% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: exclusion criteria 👇 Image
1,195/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 135 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU due to respiratory failure, 5.2% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

Note: 82.2% of total patients (152) were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,195/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 135 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU due to respiratory failure, 5.2% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

Note: 82.2% of total patients (152) were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,195/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 135 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU due to respiratory failure, 5.2% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

Note: 82.2% of total patients (152) were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,195/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 135 critically ill COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU due to respiratory failure, 5.2% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

Note: 82.2% of total patients (152) were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,196/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 91 who tested positive, 18 had a history of smoking (19.8%)

Of 47 hospitalized, 14 had a history of smoking (29.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,197/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 92 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia who had chest CT angiography, 5 were current smokers (5.4%) & 28 were former smokers (30.4%)

Of 29 with pulmonary embolism, CS=1 (3.4%) & FS=11 (37.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,198/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 91 Covid-19 patients who were quarantined at their homes (in a rural district), 9 were smokers (9.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

rrh.org.au/journal/articl…
1,199/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 69 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 18 were current or former smokers (26.1%)

13 mild: CFS=1 (7.7%)
25 moderate: CFS=8 (32%)
31 severe: CFS=9 (29%)

9 deaths: CFS=1 (11.1%)

cureus.com/articles/39583…
1,200/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 11 hematopoietic cell transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2, "only one patient was a smoker" (9.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

mjhid.org/index.php/mjhi…
1,201/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 164 with Covid-19, 17 were current smokers (10.4%)

Of 29 with severe cases, 2 were current smokers (6.9%)

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,202/

Of 25 patients who died of Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 8 were former smokers (32%)

Notes:

Pack-years (former): 40 (10-120)

Not reported where patients were; study authors from New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

karger.com/Article/FullTe…
1,203/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

AS=active smoker, XS=ex-smoker

Of 46 solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=3 (6.5%) & XS=11 (23.9%)

Of 17 who died, AS=2 (11.8%) & XS=5 (29.4%)

Continued
1,203a/

Of 166 non-recipients hospitalized with Covid-19 in an age, sex & comorbidity index-matched control group, AS=8 (4.8%) & XS=73 (44%)

journals.lww.com/transplantjour…
another dead link

published & peer-reviewed version: academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…

1,204/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 10,165 hospitalized patients, 8.5% were current smokers & 30.4% were previous smokers

Of 1,480 who died in hospital (all causes), 5.5% were current smokers & 43.4% were previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,205/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Patients with active or prior cancer and COVID-19. Raw numbers not reported

Note: USA apparently overrepresented

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…

Odds ratios for 30-day mortality 👇 Image
1,206/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 46 cancer patients*, 2 were active smokers (4.3%) & 18 were ex-smokers (39.1%)

Notes:

*presumably with Covid-19; not clear if cases or deaths

12 were lung cancer patients, including 2 AS & 6 XS

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,207/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 27 thoracic cancer patients with Covid-19, 21 were ex- or current smokers (77.8%)

All 5 who died were ex- or current smokers

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-… Image
1,208/

Of 268 cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, 9.3% were active smokers & 47.3% were former smokers

Note: not stated where patients were; authors from Spain, Italy & Argentina (adult smoking rates were 24%, 23.7% & ~25%)

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…

Outcomes 👇 Image
1,209/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 2,086 respondents to a national survey, 16.4% said they smoked

Of 99 with confirmed or (self-)suspected Covid-19, 12.1% said they smoked

Note: authors clearly didn't like that result

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,210/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 13 cancer patients who tested positive, 6 were current smokers & 6 were former smokers (46.2% each)

Notes:

18 pts total; smoking data missing for 5
16/18 male
10/18 w/ lung cancer
11/18 nosocomial

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,211/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 47 with rheumatic disease & confirmed Covid-19, "None were smokers"

Notes:

63.8% were female
authors stated smoking is a risk factor twice

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,212/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 385 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, 6.5% were current smokers & 1.6% were former smokers

Notes:

79.5% were male
I excluded 16 patients age <18; all non-smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,213/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 87 hospitalized patients, 5 were current smokers (5.7%)

Of 13 who died, 1 was a current smoker (7.7%)

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,214/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 10 breast cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 10% (1/10) was smoker"

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,215/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 35 with confirmed diagnosis of solid cancer and COVID-19, "current or former smokers were 25 (76%)"

Note: 25/35 is 71.4%; discrepancy not explained (possible missing data for 2 patients?)

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,216/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 50 cancer patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16% were smokers (8)

Note: not specified if current or ever

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,217/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 79 with T2 diabetes hospitalized for C-19, 1.3% was a current smoker & 21.5% were ex-smokers

Of 158 with T2 diabetes but without C-19 in an age & gender-matched control group, CS=22.2% & XS=23.4%

diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-…
1,218/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 30 aged 50 years or younger who died within 30 days of hospitalization for C-19, 7 were tobacco users (23.3%)

Continued
1,218a/

Of 60 in an age & sex-matched control group who were discharged within 30 days of hospitalization for C-19, 11 were tobacco users (18.3%)

Notes:

60% of patients were male
not specified if current or ever

ejradiology.com/article/S0720-…
1,219/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking was 16.8% in 2018)

AIS=acute ischemic stroke; TA=tobacco abuse 🙄

Of 13 hospitalized for C-19 who had AIS or for AIS who tested positive, TA=zero

Of 53 with AIS but not C-19, TA=12 (22.6%)

current/ever unspecified

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,220/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 21 Covid-19 patients who died, "Two patients were former smokers"

Current smoking not reported, presumably because it wasn't present. Under "History of smoking" in Table 1, the value is 2.

IT,US,NL

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/adva…
1,221/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 12 Covid-19 patients intubated in ICU with pneumonia in whom increasing antimicrobial resistance was observed, 5 were former smokers (41.7%)

Current smoking not reported (n=0?)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-794…
1,222/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 112 liver transplant recipients with Covid-19, CS=5 (4.5%) & FS=39 (34.8%)

81 hospitalized: CS=5 (6.2%) & FS=26 (32.1%)

Continued
1,222a/

30 ICU: CS=1 (3.3%) & FS=12 (40%)

25 deaths: CS=zero & FS=10 (40%)

aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/he…
1,223/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 49 hospitalized patients who underwent a clinically indicated echocardiographic examination, 10 were smokers (20.4%)

Of 16 who died, 5 were smokers (31.3%)

Note: not specified if current/ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,224/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 242 intubated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 28.1% were smokers

Of 244 intubated in ICU with non-Covid-19 ARDS, 67.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
1,225/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 2,377 hospitalized patients, 5% were current smokers & 20.1% were former smokers

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/AT…
1,226/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 946 hospitalized patients, CS=8.7% & FS=6.4%

636 non-invasive supplemental oxygen: CS=8.6% & FS=6.9%

121 invasive ventilation: CS=12.3% & FS=6.6%

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
1,227/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 203 patients younger than age 80 & without severe co-existing diseases hospitalized with Covid-19, 84.2% were never smokers

Of 58 who died, 89.7% were never smokers

internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-…
1,228/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 14 with mild to moderate COVID-19, two were ex-smokers (14.3%)

Notes:

zero reported as current smokers
mean age: 48.6
7 male, 7 female

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,229/

Of 63 cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, 14.3% were current smokers & 6.3% were former smokers

Notes:

cancer type not reported
not stated where patients were; authors from UK, IT, CH (smoking rates were 14.7%, 23.7% & 27.1%)

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,230/

UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 52 cancer patients who tested positive, "Association analysis indicated that smoking status, prior cancer therapy and comorbidities had no significant association with outcomes."

Note: numbers not reported

annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-…
1,231/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,128 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers & 30% were former smokers

Of 249 who died, 5.6% were current smokers & 45.4% were former smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
Data from studies in tweets 151 & 290

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…



1,232/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

Of 39 hospitalized patients, 8 were current smokers (20.5%)

Of 16 healthy controls, 3 were current smokers (18.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
1,233/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 845 hospitalized patients, 27.6% had a history of smoking

Of 122 with cardiovascular complications, 33.6% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
1,234/

Washington State, USA (Adult smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

Of 160 who tested positive, 11.9% were current smokers & 25% were former smokers

Of 34 hospitalized, 14.7% were current smokers & 32.4% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,235/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 139 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who had a chest X-ray at the onset of the respiratory symptoms, "Only 26 patients (18.7%) were current smokers" & 13 were former smokers (9.4%)

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,236/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 80 with confirmed Covid-19, 13 had a smoking history (16.3%)
31 severe: SH=7 (22.6%)

40 of them under age 67 with C-19: SH=5 (12.5%)
10 severe: SH=1 (10%)

nutricionhospitalaria.org/articles/03193…
Updated & peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 225

Numbers are different (reported before I checked math)

Of 736 hospitalized patients, 5.7% were current smokers (CS) & 26.8% were former smokers (FS)

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…

Continued

476 mild-to-moderate: CS=4.4% & FS=23.3%

159 severe: CS=8.2% & FS=28.3%

94 deaths: CS=7.4% & FS=41.5%

Note: 476+159+94=729. Total patients=736
1,237/

France (adult daily smoking was 27% in 2017)

Of 66 with suspected Covid-19 who were negative when first tested, 10.6% were active smokers

198 positive in a gender & age-matched control group, AS=5.6%

Note: 34 remained negative, 32 later positive
mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/…
1,238/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 300 Covid-19 patients, AS=21 (7%)

218 hospitalized: AS=21 (10.5%)

18 intubated before hospitalization: AS=zero

45 died without hospitalization: AS=zero

Continued
1,238a/

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/…

Much overlap with study in tweet 1,124

1,239/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,392 hospitalized patients, 6% were smokers

Of 99 with acute kidney injury, 12.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/early/…
1,240/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 62 Covid-19 patients, 8 were smokers (12.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" used once

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,241/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 2,595 tested, 44.3% had a history of smoking

Of 369 positive, 33.6% had a history of smoking

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…

ORs for hospitalization, ICU, ventilation, death *if positive*: Image
1,242/

California, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 7.8% in 2019)

Of 3,923 women hospitalized for labor & delivery who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, 3% smoked during pregnancy

Of 17 who tested positive, zero smoked during pregnancy

thieme-connect.de/products/ejour…
1,243/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 392 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 24 were current smokers (7%)*

Note: *24/392 is 6.1%: possible missing data?

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e…
1,244/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 140 patients with Covid-19, eight were current smokers (5.7%)

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,245/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 41 intubated and mechanically ventilated in ICU, five had a history of smoking (12.2%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,246/

Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 128 who were SARS-CoV-2-positive within 30 days of surgery, 18 were current smokers (11.2%)

Of 271 SARS-CoV-2 negative surgery patients, 47 were current smokers (17.3%)

Continued
1,246a/

After propensity-matching, 3 more smokers appeared in the positive group; not explained where they came from

Positive: 21/123 (17.1%)
Negative: 33/196 (16.8%)

Of 26 positive who died, CS=15.4%
Smoking status not reported for 14 negative deaths

surgjournal.com/article/S0039-…
1,247/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 1,643* hospitalized pts, 28% were smokers

Of 283* who died, 44.2% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated from tables 1 & S2

not explicitly stated if current or ever, but "smoking/ex-smoking" appears twice
mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10…
1,248/

UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

S=smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 16,866 with suspected or confirmed C-19, S=20.8% & XS=16.5%

Of 70,439* without C-19 in a randomly-selected control group, S=17.6% & XS=14.6%

Of 921 who died within 30 days, S=33% & XS=7.3%

Continued
1,248a/

Notes:

fewer than 34% of cases were confirmed; exact number not reported

*added smoking status numbers exceed total number in control group (70,137)

"smoker" is presumably current smoker

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,249/

Wayne County, Michigan, USA (Adult smoking rate was 22.6% in 2015)

Of 419 hospitalized black patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, 6.7% were current tobacco smokers

Of 122 who died, 6.6%* were CTS

*6.7% reported: missing data?

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,250/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 276 hospitalized patients, 6.5% were current smokers & 35.5% were former smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,251/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 98 critical Covid-19 patients, 11 had ever smoked (11.2%)

Of 43 who died, 5 had ever smoked (11.6%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,252/

USA

Of 277,285 school-aged children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 334 were current or former smokers (0.12%)

101,503 aged 5-11: 11 were current or former smokers (0.01%)

175,782 aged 12-17: 323 were current or former smokers (0.18%)

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6… Image
1,253/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 516 hospitalized patients, 21.7% had a history of cigarette smoking

Of 120 who died, 21.7% had a history of cigarette smoking

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e…
1,254/

266 pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 in 22 countries

"The incidence of composite adverse fetal outcome was significantly higher in...while it was similar in...women smoking during pregnancy..."

Smoking data not reported

degruyter.com/view/journals/…
1,255/

New York City, USA (adult female smoking in NY State was 10.9% in 2019)

Of 86 patients with a history of gynecologic cancer hospitalized for Covid-19, 32.6% were former or current smokers

Of 29 severe cases, 48.3% were former or current smokers

gynecologiconcology-online.net/article/S0090-…
1,256/

Ethiopia (adult tobacco smoking rate was 3.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 1.7% in 2016)

Of a number* of individuals age 14 years or older tested for antibodies, 3.3% were smokers

Of ~3* who tested positive, zero were smokers

*not clear how many

ajtmh.org/content/journa…
1,257/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 5,568 hospitalized patients, CS=9.5%

Of 1,579 who were admitted to ICU, were treated with invasive ventilation and/or who died, CS=9.8%

Of 1,088 who died, CS=10.5%

Continued
1,257a/

Of an additional 1,697 hospitalized patients without discharge data, CS=13.6%

(Total: Of 7,265 hospitalized patients, 10.5% were current smokers)

esmoopen.bmj.com/content/5/5/e0…
1,258/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 127 hospitalized with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19, 24 were past or current smokers (18.9%)

Of 34 who developed pneumonia during hospitalization, 9 were past or current smokers (26.5%)

kjim.org/upload/kjim-20…
1,259/

Sweden (adult female smoking rate was 11.5% in ~2017)

Of 67 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who gave birth, 66 were non-smokers* (98.5%)

*at first antenatal visit

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
1,260/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 244 Covid-19 patients, 18 had a smoking history (7.4%)

Of 65 admitted to ICU or who died, 5 had a smoking history (7.7%)

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,261/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 320 tested, 10.6% were current smokers & 17.8% were former smokers

Of 95 positive, 4.2% were current smokers & 21.1% were former smokers

gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-…
1,262/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 50 patients with confirmed Covid-19, zero were current smokers

Notes:

37 were asymptomatic or mild (74%)
32 pts were male (64%)
Dubai

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,263/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

125,665 tested positive: 10.7% were current smokers

"Current smoking and...were not significantly associated to death"

Notes:

Mexico City up to August 31

when health care workers excluded, CS=10.9%
academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,264/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

CS=current smoking & PS=past smoking

Of 2,170 hospitalized patients, CS=16.5% & PS=27.5%

684 severe at admission: CS=13.5% & PS=38.3%

Continued
1,264a/

640 treated with oxygen (non-invasive): CS=13.3% & PS=39.2%

179 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation/ECMO: CS=17.3% & PS=38.5%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,265/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

Of 35,095 health care workers tested, 9.7% were smokers

Of 11,226 positive, 9.5% were smokers

Note: Mexico City as of July 5

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…

most (all?) included in study in tweet 1,263

1,266/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 31 Covid-19 patients with lung cancer, 5 were current smokers (16.1%) & 10 were former smokers (32.3%)

Notes:

80.6% were male

IARC said cig smoking accounts for ~55% of male LC mortality in China

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10…
1,267/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 82 with mild Covid-19, four were smokers (4.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,268/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 109 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, "No current smokers were identified, past smokers were 26" (23.9%)

Of 20 who died in hospital, 6 were past smokers (30%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,269/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 30 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to ICU, zero were active smokers

Of 17 without COVID-19 admitted to ICU for other reasons (details in paper), 5 were active smokers (29.4%)

rupress.org/jem/article/21…
1,270/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 40 hospitalized patients, 1 was a current smoker (2.5%) & 4 were "formal" smokers (10%)

Of 6 treated with supplemental oxygen, CS=zero & FS=2 (33.3%)

Note: median age was 30 (youngest was 15)

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
1,271/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 127 patients who died, 49.6% were ever smokers

thieme-connect.de/products/ejour…

Note: most patients probably included in study in tweet 1,231

1,272/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 160 health care workers who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.9% were tobacco users

Note: none were hospitalized

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
1,273/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 185 hospitalized patients, 20 had a history of smoking (10.8%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-769…
1,274/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 214 ICU patients, 49 were previous or active smokers (22.9%)

Of 84 who died, 28 were previous or active smokers (33.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-836…
1,275/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 10,238 with Covid-19 pneumonia, 4.8% were active smokers & 23.7% had a smoking history

Of 2,135 who died, 4.6% were active smokers & 30.3% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-837…
1,276/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 30 Covid-19-positive hospitalized, zero were current smokers & 4 were ex-smokers (13.3%)

Of 37 Covid-19-negative hospitalized, 1 was a current smoker (2.7%) & 10 were ex-smokers (27%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,277/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 836 hospitalized patients treated with high-flow nasal cannula or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, 4.8% were current smokers & 32.1% were former smokers

Note: MSHS

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,278/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 52 who tested positive, 12 were current smokers (23.1%) & 11 were former smokers (21.2%)

Of 16 severe, 5 were current smokers (31.3%) & 4 were former smokers (25%)

Note: Cincinnati

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,279/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 157 hospitalized pts with trivial (41) or no (116) symptoms at admission, 40 were active smokers (25.5%)

Of 23 who developed symptoms*, 7 were active smokers (30.4%)

*all asymptomatic at admission

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,280/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 699* hospitalized patients, 9.3% were current smokers & 6.9% were former smokers

*calculated from Table 1 due to apparent missing data

ajconline.org/article/S0002-…
1,281/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,190 with confirmed Covid-19, 45 were smokers (3.8%)*

Notes:

*3.8% reported in Table 1; 8.8% reported in text (without numbers)

all smokers were male

not specified if current or ever

resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…
1,282/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 1,054 presenting to hospital with acute respiratory illness or otherwise suspected of having COVID-19 who were tested, 12.9% were current smokers

Of 352 positive, 5.7% were current smokers

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,283/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 152 cancer patients who tested positive, 13.2% were current smokers & 28.3% were former smokers

39 with clinical worsening: 56.4% were current or former smokers

27 deaths (any cause): CFS=63%

nature.com/articles/s4301…
Peer-reviewed version

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 134 hospitalized patients, 14 were smokers (10.4%)

Of 46 with severe cases, 6 were smokers (13%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/services/…

1,284/

Washington State, USA

1,434 tests of persons experiencing homelessness (88.9%) or shelter staff (11.1%): some tested more than once

Of 1,380* tests, 57.7% were of smokers and/or vapers

Of 29 positive, 27.6% were S/V

*apparent missing data

acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M2…
1,285/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 58 with confirmed Covid-19, 14 were smokers (24.1%)

20 asymptomatic: S=2 (10%)
27 mild pneumonia: S=8 (29.6%)
11 severe pneumonia: S=4 (36.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,286/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 21 with mild Covid-19, ten were current smokers (47.6%)

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
1,287/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 79 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12 were current smokers (15.2%) & 4 were former smokers (5.1%)

Of 48 with severe cases, 6 were current smokers (12.5%) & 3 were former smokers (6.3%)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
1,288/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 104 with confirmed Covid-19 who had a chest x-ray, 11% were smokers

Of 75 without Covid-19 who had a chest x-ray, 19% were smokers

Notes:

only percentages reported
not specified if current/ever

escholarship.org/uc/item/20s5v5…
1,289/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 79 with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and worsening acute respiratory failure, 3 were current smokers (3.8%) & 22 were former smokers (27.8%)

ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,290/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 222 hospitalized patients, 8 were current smokers (3.6%)

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,291/

Ecuador (adult smoking rate was 7.1% in 2016)

Of 362 who, after testing negative for antibodies in an earlier study, were re-tested a month later, 21 were current smokers (5.8%)

28 positive: CS=2 (7.1%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…

Much overlap 👇

1,292/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 287 recovered Covid-19 subjects aged 20-60, 9.8% were smokers (S)

103 male: S=27.2%
184 female: S=zero

Note: not specified if current or ever, but probably current

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
1,293/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 261 with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 37.2% were current or previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Update

Of 2,499 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 40+ countries, 4.0% were current smokers (CS)

Of 608 hospitalized patients, CS=5.3%

Of 117 admitted to ICU, CS=4.3%



Continued
Update continued

Of 85 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=2.4%

Of 69 who died, CS=5.8%

Note: discrepancy in number of deaths probably due to an error in my previous reporting

covidibd.org/current-data/

Update (as of October 1)

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

Of up to 39,310 cases, at least 4.5% were current smokers & at least 9.7% were former smokers

Of up to 2,546 hospitalized, CS=at least 4.8% & FS=at least 16.3%



Continued
Update continued

Notes:

Utah stopped reporting exact numbers with missing data

73,031 cases: 7.4% were age <15
3,847 hospitalized: 1.7% were age <15

Of cases age <15, fewer than 5 were recorded as CS & 5 were recorded as FS

coronavirus-dashboard.utah.gov/#hospitalizati…

1,294/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 26 Covid-19 patients, 12 were smokers (46.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,295/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,756 critically ill patients, 49.5% were current or former tobacco smokers

Of 564 with cardiac arrest, 55.5% were CFS

Note: authors had more detailed information & chose not to report it

bmj.com/content/371/bm… Image
1,296/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 63 with Covid-19 admitted to a hospital at home unit, 4 were active smokers (6.3%) & 5 were former smokers (7.9%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,297/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 149 Covid-19 patients discharged alive from hospital, 20 had a smoking history (13.4%)

79 with incubation period ≤7 days: SH=7 (8.9%)
70 with incubation period >7 days: SH=13 (18.6%)

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
1,298/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 63 Covid-19 patients, 14 were smokers (22.2%)

33 mild: S=6 (18.2%)
30 severe: S=8 (26.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,299/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

3,165 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy

3,061 without confirmed C-19: 490 were smokers (16%)

104 with C-19: suppressed because number was <10

jnis.bmj.com/content/early/…
1,300/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 54 patients discharged from Covid-19 hospitalization, 5 were current smokers (9.3%)

Of 15 who tested positive at a later check-up, 2 were current smokers (13.3%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,301/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 11 with aggressive hematological malignancies diagnosed* with Covid-19, one was a current smoker (9.1%) & 3 were ex-smokers (27.3%)

*10 tested positive
one, an ex-smoker, tested negative

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,302/

Uses Cleveland Clinic data from Ohio & Florida. Other studies in this thread are more up-to-date

journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-…
1,303/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 10 individuals who died of SARS-CoV-2-related respiratory failure, one was a smoker (10%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bp…
1,304/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

3,179 adults:

14.8% current smokers
28.5% ex-smokers
6% current e-cigarette users
2.8% current NRT users

510 who said they have/had or suspect they have/had Covid-19:

CS=19.2%
XS=29.6%
CEC=8.2%
CNRT=3.1%

Continued
1,304a/

Notes:

all data self-reported

ex-smokers were divided into recent & long-term categories; results in paper

"Ninety‐three (48.4%) e‐cigarette users and 57 (64.8%) NRT users were current smokers"; likely most of the rest were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
1,305/

Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,200 to 1,240* hospitalized patients, 6.5% were current smokers

Note: *reported numbers with missing data & in Table 1 don't agree

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs for mortality (current vs non/former) 👇 Image
1,306/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 152 dialysis pts who tested positive, 42.8% were smokers

Of 14 who died, S=8 (57.1%)

Notes:

80.1% of pts were male

not stated if current/ever

Abu Dhabi

researchsquare.com/article/rs-851…
1,307/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking was 12% in 2019)

HS= history of smoking

98 with diabetes, hypertension, and/or heart disease

37 with symptomatic C-19: HS=4 (10.8%)

61 without C-19 in a BMI, gender, and age-matched control group: HS=15 (24.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-841…
1,308/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 152 diagnosed with Covid-19, eight were current smokers (5.3%) & seven were former smokers (4.6%)

Note: smoking status reported separately by diagnosis method---114 PCR, 17 serology, 21 clinical

researchsquare.com/article/rs-858…
1,309/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 317 hospitalized patients, 11 were current smokers (3.5%) & 48 were ex-smokers (15.1%)

Of 114 admitted to ICU, mechanically ventilated and/or who died, CS=1 (0.9%) & XS=21 (18.4%)

cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,310/

same data as study in tweets 615 & 615a

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…

1,311/

Of 1,040 who tested positive, 13.8% were active smokers & 15.1% were former smokers

Of 309 at a complicated clinical stage on day of detection, CS=16.5% & FS=18.8%

Note: 98.1% of all pts were from Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

link.springer.com/article/10.100… Image
1,312/

same data as study in tweet 489

jns-journal.com/article/S0022-…

1,313/

Same patients & same authors as study in tweet 508. Not the same numbers, however

Of 171 hospitalized patients, 38.6% were current smokers

Note: 61.3% of patients were male

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

1,314/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 45 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 20 had a smoking history (44.4%)

Of 22 with severe cases, 8 had a smoking history (36.4%)

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,315/

Russia (adult smoking rate was 39.3% in 2016)

Of 61 hospitalized patients treated with non-invasive ventilation, 30 were smokers (49.2%)

Of 17 for whom the treatment failed, 8 were smokers (47.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,316/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers (6.4%)*

*6.3% reported

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,317/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of ~2,800* hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.5% were smokers (S)

Of 1,215 who had CT pulmonary angiography, S=14.9%

Of the 1,215:

101* with pulmonary embolism: S=8.9%

182* admitted to ICU: S=14.8%

Continued
1,317a/

Notes:

*calculated from tables due to missing data

not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/arti…

Same patients as study in tweet 191, with more details
191 reported 2,810 patients (2,878 was my error)

1,318/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 70 cancer patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, 9 were current smokers (12.9%) & 10 were former smokers (14.3%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,319/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 291 who said they were tested for SARS-CoV-2, 36.8% said they were smokers

Of 65 who said they tested positive, 50.8% said they were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

jmir.org/2020/9/e21956/
1,320/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of ~12,925 hepatitis C virus-positive veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=61.5% & FS=22.1%

Of 855 who tested positive, CS=48.4% & FS=29.1%

all nos. calculated
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/li…
1,321/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 219 liver transplant patients tested for antibodies, 19 were active smokers (8.7%)

Of 8 who tested positive, zero were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,322/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 257 hospitalized patients, 23.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,323/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 4,942 critically ill Covid-19 patients, 3.2% were tobacco users

Of 713 who died, 5.5% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,324/

China (adult smoking was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking

Of 43 with severe/critical C-19, S=6 (14%)

Of 70 with mild/ordinary C-19 in a propensity score-matched control group, S=11 (15.7%)

Notes:

S was a criterion for matching
current/ever not stated

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,325/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 393 hospitalized patients, CS=15 (3.8%) & FS=47 (12%)

Of 161 who died, CS=5 (3.1%) & FS=23 (14.3%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 340

Not totally clear, but smoking data missing for ~70% of sample. Could be ~7.8% of ~6,577 patients were smokers

Still not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…

Image
1,326/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 47 hospitalized patients, 3 were smokers (6.4%)

Of 8 who died, 1 was a smoker (12.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,327/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 93 ambulatory patients with confirmed Covid-19, 24.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,328/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking was 13.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 556 SARS-CoV-2+ with asthma, CS=5.4% & FS=25.4%

Of 2,154 SARS-CoV-2+ without asthma in an age & sex-matched control group, CS=4.7% & FS=20.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,329/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 295 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected C-19 pneumonia, 51 were active smokers (17.3%) & 73 were ex-smokers (24.7%)

Of 24 who died, 2 were active smokers (8.3%) & 15 were ex-smokers (62.5%)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,330/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.2% in 2019)

Of 200 in ICU with confirmed C-19, 26% had a history of tobacco "abuse" 🙄 (HT)

Of 100 in ICU with suspected C-19 who tested negative, HT=50

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,331/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 56 with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 10 were tobacco smokers (17.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ard.bmj.com/content/79/10/…
1,332/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 149 hospitalized patients, 34.2% were smokers (S)

47 moderate: S=21.3%
102 severe/critical: S=40.2%
69 died in hospital: S=43.5%

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,333/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 104 with inflammatory rheumatic diseases infected with SARS-CoV-2, "Ten per cent of the documented patients were smokers, 1% were using e-cigarettes and..."

Note: not specified if current or ever

rmdopen.bmj.com/content/6/2/e0…
1,334/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 100 patients with confirmed Covid-19, 20 were smokers

Of 23* who died, 6 were smokers (26.1%)

Notes:

*one death was not C-19-related
3 pts were age 0-10 (0 deaths)
not specified if current or ever

seq.es/abstract/rev-e…
1,335/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 150 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had a cerebrovascular event, 17 were active tobacco users (11.3%)*

Notes:

*10.8% reported; discrepancy not explained
countries: US, ES, EG, RO

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
1,336/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 124 inpatients in older adult mental health wards with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 7.3% were current smokers & 29% were former smokers

Note: mean age was 75.3; pts aged 50s to 90s

thelancet.com/journals/lanps…
1,337/

Nepal (adult tobacco use was 28.9% in 2019: smoking=17.1% & smokeless=18.3%)

Of 218 hospitalized patients, 11.5% were current smokers & 7.8% were former smokers

Of 60 symptomatic, 16.7% were current smokers & 8.3% were former smokers

Continued
1,337a/

Of 219 hospitalized patients, 23.3% were chewing tobacco users

Of 60 symptomatic, 25% were chewing tobacco users

Notes:

"chewing tobacco" doesn't necessarily contain tobacco
not stated whether any were dual users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,338/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 4,535 hospital staff & medical students tested for antibodies, 2.4% were smokers

Of 817 positive, 1.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,339/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 276 hospitalized patients, 60 were ever smokers (21.7%)*

Note: *24% reported; if because of missing data, total number of patients was 250

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,340/

Brazil (adult female smoking rate was 8.9% in 2015)

Of 270 females who tested positive, 2 were current smokers* (0.7%)

*current smoking = >2 packs/week and >10 pack-years

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Correction:

I previously misreported Brazil's adult smoking rate.

(Tweets 80, 148, 383, 384, 398, 607, 608, 749, 773, 793a, 865, 968, 991, 997, 1005, 1016, 1034, 1196, 1228, 1323)

It's 9.3% as of 2018

When specified, patients' current smoking rate was always lower than 9.3%
1,341/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 126 with confirmed Covid-19, 7 had a smoking history (5.6%)

Of 15 whose cases progressed to severe, SH=zero

Of another 121 with confirmed C-19, SH=7 (5.8%)

nature.com/articles/s4146…
1,342/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 77 patients who died, 33 had a history of smoking (42.9%)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
1,343/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 4,663 with confirmed Covid-19, 5.4% were current smokers & 2.8% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-879…
1,344/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 745 with chronic liver disease & confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.8% were smokers

Of 150 who died, 6% were smokers

Notes:

in 29 countries
not specified if current or ever

Continued
1,344a/

Of 620 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection but without chronic liver disease in a convenience control group, 7 were smokers (1.1%)

Note: all control patients in England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-…
1,345/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 1,012 hospital workers tested for antibodies, 11.7% were active smokers & 24.4% were former smokers

Of 10 positive, zero were active smokers & 3 were former smokers (30%)

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,346/

Louisiana, USA

Of 440 veterans who tested positive, 56.8% were lifetime tobacco users

Of 32 deaths, 87.5% were LTU

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Note: all pts probably included in study in tweet 1192, which reported current/former smoking separately

1,347/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 24 cancer patients who were treated with convalescent plasma for COVID‐19, 4 were current smokers (16.7%) & 10 were former smokers (41.7%)

Note: MSHS

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
1,348/

Morocco (adult current smoking rate was 23.4% in 2016)

Of 134 hospitalized patients, 8 were smokers (6%)*

Of 45 admitted to ICU with severe cases, 4 were smokers (8.9%)

Notes:

*5.2% reported, probably in error
not specified if current or ever

cureus.com/articles/39050…
1,349/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 26 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction & confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19, 13 were current smokers (50%)

Note: 18/26 were male (69.2%)

tehj.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
1,350/

Australia (adult smoking rate was 15.2% in 2017-18)

Of ~1,029* with suspected C-19 tested, 36.9%* were smokers

Of 40* who tested positive, 4 were smokers (10%)

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
not specified if current or ever
VIC & TAS

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
1,351/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 716 hospitalized patients, 8.7% had a known smoking history

jcancer.org/v11p6243.htm
1,352/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 107 C-19 patients admitted to ICU, CS=18 (16.8%) & FS=19 (17.6%)

Of 40 who had any thromboembolic event, CS=3 (7.5%) & FS=9 (22.5%)

Note: Bronx

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08…
1,353/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 130 hospitalized patients, 29.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full…
1,354/

British Columbia, Canada (tobacco smoking rate ages 12 & over was 12% in 2018)

Of 101 C-19 patients discharged from hospital, 32% were current or former smokers

Note: more than one author is an anti-vaping activist

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
1,355/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 2,828 hospitalized patients, 5.4% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…

Note: most patients included in study in tweet 171

1,356/

Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 80 ICU patients, 12 were current or past smokers (15%)

Of 23 with no respiratory improvement at day 28, CPS=4 (17.4%)

Notes:

69 were male (86.3%)
22 of Arab ethnicity (27.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,357/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 195 hospitalized patients, 50.8% were former smokers

Of 75 admitted to ICU, 60% were former smokers

current smoking not reported

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,358/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

102 patients discharged following hospitalization for COVID-19:

66 in NYC: HS=22.7%
36 in MA: HS=36.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pm…
1,359/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 509 hospitalized patients, 27.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking appears at least twice

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
1,360/

Israel (adult female smoking rate was ~12% in 2018)

Of 35 women hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were smokers

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/14…
1,361/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,053 hospitalized patients, 3.8% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
1,362/

Apparently the same patients as study in tweet 538

researchsquare.com/article/rs-890…

1,363/

Brazil (adult male smoking rate was 12.1% in 2018)

Of 305 men with confirmed Covid-19, ten were current smokers (3.3%)*

*3.2% reported

researchsquare.com/article/rs-889…
1,364/

Netherlands (adult female cigarette smoking rate was 19.2% in 2018)

Of 259 pregnant or recently postpartum women who tested positive, 5.4% were smokers

Of 63 hospitalized, 11.1% were smokers

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,365/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 30 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, two were current smokers (6.7%) & 7 were ex-smokers (23.3%)

academic.oup.com/chemse/advance…
1,366/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 22 hospitalized patients who had at least 2 CT chest exams, one had a smoking history (4.5%)

jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/4…
1,367/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

RS=regular smoker
OS=occasional smoker
PS=previous smoker

Of 815 people living in precarious situations* tested for antibodies:

RS=28%
OS=9.1%
PS=8.8%

Of 425 positive:

RS=20.9%
OS=8.9%
PS=9.4%

Continued
1,367a/

Note: *participants recruited at food distribution sites, emergency shelters and workers residences supported by Médecins Sans Frontières

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,368/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 440 symptomatic individuals with confirmed Covid-19, 3.6% were current smokers & 3.4% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-882…
1,369/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 23* with dementia & confirmed or probable Covid-19, HS=6 (31.6%)

Of 8* who died, HS=3 (37.5%)

Continued
1,369a/

Of 62 with confirmed or probable Covid-19 but without dementia in a matched control group, HS=18 (29%)

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
matching criteria not reported
smoking status not reported for 14 deaths in control group

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,370/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking was 12% & smoking including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

CW=current waterpipe
CC=current cigarette
D=CW+CC
XS=ex-smoker

944 people surveyed:

CW=9.4%
CC=16.7%
D=1.5%
XS=18.2%

28 diagnosed with C-19

CW=14.3%
CC=7.1%
D=7.1%
XS=10.7%

Continued
1,371a/

57 said a family member was infected

CW=12.3%
CC=12.3%
D=5.3%
XS=17.5%

Notes:

all data self-reported

not a random sample

current=past month

2 ecig users excluded due to small sample size

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,372/

Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 351 patients with COVID-19 and a cancer diagnosis or cancer treatment in the past 5 years, 6.8% were current smokers & 44.2% were ex-smokers

Of 114 who died, CS=10.5% & XS=48.2%

ejcancer.com/article/S0959-…
1,373/

Macau, China (adult smoking rate was ~14.4% in 2013)

Of 45 hospitalized patients, 9 were smokers (20%)

"In...analysis, we found that smoking might be related to the severity of the COVID-19 pneumonia"

Note: not specified if current/ever

ejropen.com/article/S2352-…
1,374/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 90 who tested positive, 56.7% were smokers

Of 44 with severe cases, 59.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,375/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 567 reporting loss of the sense of smell and/or taste who were tested for antibodies, 9.3% were current smokers

Of 440 positive, 8.4% were current smokers

journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/a…
1,376/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 115 hospitalized patients, 9.3% were current smokers

Of 51 admitted to ICU, mechanically ventilated and/or who died, 13.7% were current smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,377/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 33,027 diagnosed with Covid-19, 6.7% had "nicotine dependence"

cureus.com/articles/40480…

Note: probably includes subjects of study in tweet 1,007 (and 90 & 299)

The lead author confirmed that it was ever

1,378/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 116 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, 22 were smokers (19%)

Of 33 hospitalized, 2 were smokers (6.1%)

Note: not clear if current or ever; "current smoker" appeared once

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,379/

Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019 & adult vaping rate was 5% in 2018)

Of 80 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19

15 were current smokers (18.8%)
19 were former smokers (23.8%)
7 were current vapers (8.8%)
0 were former vapers

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
1,380/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 1,079 cancer patients* diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=15.8% & FS=36.4%

Of 334 who died (all causes), CS=17.7% & FS=44.6%

*solid cancer within past 5 years

ejcancer.com/article/S0959-…
1,381/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 185 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 12.4% were current smokers & 28.1% were former smokers

ejradiology.com/article/S0720-…
1,382/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 165 with confirmed Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers & 32.7% were former smokers

Of 61 who died, 1.6% was a current smoker & 39.3% were former smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,383/

New York City, USA (adult smoking was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 16 with confirmed Covid-19 who had a stroke, 2 had a history of smoking (12.5%)

Note: Queens & Brooklyn

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,384/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 22 lung cancer patients with confirmed Covid-19, 36.4% were current smokers & 54.5% were former smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,385/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 40 with cardiac disease & Covid-19 pneumonia, 9 were active smokers (22.5%)

internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-…
1,386/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 362 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 9.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" appeared once

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,387/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 188 with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who had an ultrasound of the extremities, 21.8% had a smoking history

Of 255 without Covid-19 who had the same procedure, 21.6% had a smoking history

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,388/

Oman (adult smoking rate was 14.9% in 2015)

Of 143 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, seven were smokers (4.9%)

Of 31 with cardiac injury, 4 were smokers (12.9%)

Notes:

86.7% of patients were male
not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,389/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 477 hospitalized patients, CS=20 (4.2%) & FS=78 (16.4%)

Of 45 who progressed to critical illness within 28 days, CS=3 (6.7%) & FS=8 (17.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,390/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of up to 3,944 who tested positive, 4.8% were smokers (S)

Of up to 1,359 hospitalized, S=13.1%

Of up to 181 admitted to ICU, S=19.3%

Of up to 324 who died, S=21.3%

Continued
1,390a/

Notes:

raw numbers not reported; possible missing data

probably current

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,391/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoker

Of 50,750 hospitalized, S=4.3%

Of 14,351 admitted to ICU, S=6.3%

Of 11,065 who died in hospital, S=4.3%

Notes:

current/ever not specified
includes 823 pts with schizophrenia: S=10.1%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,392/

Ethiopia (adult tobacco smoking rate was 3.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 1.7% in 2016)

Of 360 Covid-19 patients, "Five of the patients (1.4%) had a history of substance use including cigarette and shisha smoking and khat chewing."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Wrong link in tweet 870.

The correct link: medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Bad link in tweet 634.

This should work: cambridge.org/core/journals/…

1,393/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 104 adults age ≤50 with confirmed C-19, 11 had a "smoking habit" (10.6%)

33 hospital: SH=2 (6.1%)*
6 ICU: SH=1 (16.7%)

Notes:

*7.1% reported; not explained why
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-902…
1,394/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 255 hospitalized patients, CS=9 (3.5%) & FS=103 (40.4%)

Of 70 who died, CS=3 (4.3%) & FS=38 (54.3%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,395/

Washington State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

322,044 enrolled: current smokers (CS)=5.9%

826 C-19+: CS not reported

"...we observed a significantly lower risk of infection among current smokers (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.80)"

academic.oup.com/ajh/advance-ar…
1,396/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,252 homeless shelter residents & staff tested, CS=41.9% & FS=20%*

Of 344 positive, CS=32.8%** & FS=27.9%

Notes:

*20.1% reported
**32.9% reported

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
1,397/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 702 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 2% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
1,398/

Sardinia, Italy (smoking rate age 14+ was 20% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 105 hospitalized patients, CS=32 (30.5%) & FS=11 (10.5%)

Of 28 who died, CS=8 (28.6%) & FS=3 (10.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,399/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 2,710 hospitalized patients, 38.4% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ej…

Note: most patients from study in tweet 1,231 were likely included in this one

1,400/

Mexico

Of 3,696 individuals* aged <18 years assessed for Covid-19, 40 were current smokers (1.1%)

Of 961 SARS-CoV-2-positive, 11 were current smokers (1.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…

Continued
1400a/

Notes:

*all had one morbidity (smoking counted as morbidity); those with zero or more than 1 were excluded

positive cases were older: median age 11 vs 9

difficult to find appropriate population smoking rate
1,401/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,471 Covid-19 patients hospitalized with pulmonary diagnosis, "A history of smoking/tobacco use was self-reported by 994 patients (28.6%)"

Most patients from South (2834) & Midwest (583)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,402/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 101* with Covid-19 who had a chest CT, 21 were smokers (20.8%)

Of 17* with vascular changes, 7 were smokers (41.2%)

Notes:

age 66+, chronic lung disease excluded
not specified if current or ever

dirjournal.org/en/a-new-imagi…
1,403/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 53 w/ history of cancer hospitalized with C-19, 41.5% were smokers

Of 135 w/o history of cancer hosp. with C-19, 9.6% were smokers

Notes:
current/ever not stated; "history"=1
Brooklyn
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10…
1,404/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 674 hospitalized patients, 19.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10…
1,405/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

S=smoking

Of 260 hospitalized patients, S=44 (16.9%)

66 mild: S=4 (6.1%)
134 moderate: S=24 (17.9%)
60 severe/critical: S=16 (26.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

dovepress.com/predictors-of-…
1,406/

Of 58 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, 11 had "substance use disorder" 🙄 including 2 who used tobacco (3.4%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

substances used 👇 Image
1,407/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of 82 hospitalized patients, 5 were current smokers (6.1%) & 32 were former smokers (39%)

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
1,408/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 36 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8 (22.2%) & FS=1 (2.8%)

Of 18 hospitalized with adenovirus pneumonia from 2018-2020, CS=12 (66.7%) & FS=zero

dovepress.com/comparison-of-…
1,409/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 56 hospitalized patients, 42.6% were ever smokers

Of 15 with critical or severe illness, 56.3% were ever smokers

jiac-j.com/article/S1341-…
1,410/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 412 with suspected Covid-19 who had a chest CT, 12.9% were active smokers

Note: all tested; 47.6% of entire sample (513 including those with missing smoking status data) were positive

researchsquare.com/article/rs-903…
1,411/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 893 hospitalized patients, 4.5% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-916…
1,412/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 257 diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.7% were ever smokers

Of 34 hospitalized, 35.3% were ever smokers (12)

Note: Stanford

researchsquare.com/article/rs-801…
1,413/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 326 hospitalized patients, 14 were smokers (4.3%)

Of 27 with severe or critical cases, 2* were smokers (7.4%)

Notes

*both mild-ordinary at admission
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-555…
1,414/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 19 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (10.5%) & 6 were prior smokers (31.6%)

8 moderate: CS=1 (12.5%) & FS=3 (37.5%)
11 severe: CS=1 (9.1%) & FS=3 (27.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,415/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

to Sept 14

Of 136,855 patients who received medical attention for suspected COVID-19 in any of the 688 registered COVID-19 medical units in Mexico City, 10.8% were smokers (probably current)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,416/

Ethiopia (adult tobacco smoking rate was 3.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 1.7% in 2016)

C=cigarette smoking; S=shisha use

Of 301 tested for antibodies, C=64 (21.3%) & S=6 (2%)

Of 23 positive, C=5 (21.7%) & S=3 (13%)

current/ever not specified

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,417/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate: 20.7% in 2019)

Of 296 ppl age ≤18 who tested positive, 9.1% had household smoke exposure

Of 442 ≤18s who tested positive, 14 had a current or prior history of vaping (3.2%)

Median age 12.6 (4.9-17.1)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,418/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 938 who tested positive & recovered, 46 were smokers (4.9%)

Of 91 who were hospitalized, 6 were smokers (6.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,419/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 4,566 hospitalized patients, S=66 (1.4%)

298 intubated: S=5 (1.7%)

628 died in hospital: S=5 (0.8%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,420/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 143 hospitalized patients, 36.3% were ever smokers

Note: Long Island

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
1,421/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,605 with a history of T2 diabetes who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers & 35.3% were former smokers

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…
1,422/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 11,266 hospitalized patients in 30 countries, 7.4% were current smokers

Of 1,253 who died in hospital within 28 days, 7.4% were current smokers

Note: zero patients from CN, UK, US

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,423/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 66 sickle cell disease patients with Covid-19, 22.7% had a history of tobacco use (cigarette smoking)

Of 50 hospitalized, 24% had a HTU (CS)

Note: New York City, Boston, Chicago, Detroit

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,424/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; XS=ex-smoking

Of 201 low-risk pts symptomatic after recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=6 (3%) & XS=63 (31.3%)

Of 37 who had been hospitalized, CS=0 & XS=13 (35.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,425/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 169 hospitalized patients, CS=13 (7.7%) & FS=43 (25.4%)

48 ICU on admission: CS=3 (6.3%) & FS=13 (27.1%)

29 deaths (at 60 days): CS=2 (6.9%) & FS=9 (31%)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,426/

Italy (adult smoking was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; PS=previous smoking

Of 213 in ICU who received invasive mechanical ventilation, CS=6.1% & PS=31%

114* not successfully liberated from IMV within 28 days: CS=4.4% & PS=32.5%

*calculated
jintensivecare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,427/

UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; XS=ex-smoking

Of 1,352 hospitalized patients, CS=7.4% & XS=39%*

Of 357 who died, CS=5.6% & XS=44.3%

Continued
1,427a/

Notes:

*percentage reported incorrectly in Table 1; I corrected it

89% of patients from UK

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Probable overlap with studies in tweets 412/412a & 486



1,428/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 54 persons living with HIV diagnosed with symptomatic Covid-19, 7 were active smokers (13%)

35 moderate: AS=6 (17.1%)
14 severe: AS=1 (7.1%)
5 critical: AS=zero

journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Ful…
Correction (802)

Of 60 hospitalized patients, 3.3% were current smokers

Of 60 without C-19 in a convenience control group, 18.3% were current smokers

Note: I really messed that one up

1,429/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 1,428 hospitalized patients aged ≥50 years, 5.3% were current smokers & 25.9% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/ageing/advance…
Correction (407)

Of 66 EMTs with confirmed cases, 3% were smokers

Of 137* healthy EMTs, 6.6%* were smokers

*148 & 6.1% reported; numbers don't add up

2nd author: "subcategories of Yes/NO in the first four rows of table 1 were mistakenly substituted"

1,430/

Texas, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 48 still alive ~3 months after being hospitalized for Covid-19, five were smokers (10.4%)*

Notes:

*11% reported
not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,431/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

CXS=current/ex-smoking

Of 58 hospitalized with moderate to severe Covid-19, CXS=20 (34.5%)

Of 30 uninfected in an age, sex, BMI & comorbidity-matched control group, CXS=7 (23.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,431a/

Matching criteria (C-19 vs controls):

age: 55.4 v 53.9
sex: 58.6% male v 60% male
BMI: 30.8 v 27.3
diabetes: 15.5% v 10%
hypertension: 37.9% v 30%
smoking*: 34.5% v 23.3%

Comments:

not well matched imo

*in Oct 2020, combining current & ex-smoking is misleading
1,432/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 20 hospitalized patients, 6 were current or former smokers (30%)

Note: St. Lawrence County

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Bad link in tweet 606

This one should work: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32599972/

Study in tweet 193 was published & the old preprint link doesn't work

New link: academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…

Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 524 (I reported it wrong)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 171,310 respondents to a web-based survey, CS=18.6% & FS=23.9%

Of 1,135 who tested positive, CS=9.5%. FS not reported

publichealth.jmir.org/2020/3/e21866/

1,433/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 11 hospitalized patients, one was a current smoker (9.1%) & 2 were ex-smokers (18.2%)

academic.oup.com/ptj/advance-ar…
1,434/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 77 ICU patients, 39% were smokers

Of 41 with myocardial injury, 53.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 260

Sweden

Of 60 hospitalized patients, 8.3% were smokers

Of 20 treated with high-flow oxygen or CPAP, 15% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

1,435/

Italy (adult female smoking was 19.8% in 2016)

Of 31 SARS-CoV-2-positive women hospitalized for labor & delivery, zero were smokers

nature.com/articles/s4146…
1,436/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 247 hospitalized patients, 5.7% had a smoking history

Of 15 who progressed to severe Covid-19, zero had a smoking history

nature.com/articles/s4146…
1,437/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

S=smoking

Of 654,858 who tested positive, S=9.7%

Of 723,144 who tested negative, S=8.7%

Notes:

as of September 16

probably current

of all 1,378,002 tested, smoking reported for 7.5%; discrepancy not explained

Continued
1,437a/

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

ORs of hospitalization, intubation and death for every combination of smoking, asthma, & COPD reported 👇 Image
1,438/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)
Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019)

Of 56 with intellectual disabilities who died with Covid-19, 2 were current smokers (3.6%)

Note: most patients from England

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,439/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 229 kidney transplant recipients who tested positive (RT-PCR or IgG), 35.3%* had a history of smoking

Of 47 who died, 36.2% had a history of smoking

*36% reported

kidney-international.org/article/S0085-…
1,440/

Quebec, Canada (smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% in 2018)

Of 454 hospitalized patients, 20.7% were active or past smokers

Of 78 admitted to ICU, 17.9%* were active or past smokers

*7.9% reported, probably in error

thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
1,441/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 118 health care workers tested, 7.6% were current smokers

Of 12 who tested positive, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,442/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 112 hospitalized patients, 2.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,443/

Texas, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 62 critically ill patients, 15 had a smoking history (24.2%)

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
1,444/

British Columbia, Canada (tobacco smoking rate ages 12 & over was 12% in 2018)

Of 23 Covid-19 patients admitted to ICU, 3 were current smokers (13%)

Of 20 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients admitted to ICU, 6 were current smokers (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,445/

Nebraska, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 105 (non-intubated) hospitalized patients:

3 were current smokers (2.9%)
31 were former smokers (29.5%)
1 was a vaper* (1%)

*vaper's smoking status & current/ever not specified

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,446/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 83 Covid-19 patients admitted to a critical care unit, 27.7% had a smoking history

Of 8 with barotrauma, 25% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,447/

UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,241 hospitalized patients age 65+, 6% were current smokers & 44.1% were ex-smokers

mdpi.com/2308-3417/5/3/…
1,448/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 324 hospitalized patients, 17% were current smokers

mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/3/…
1,449/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 91 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers & 3 were former smokers (3.3% each)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,450/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 606 hemodialysis patients, 52.6% had a smoking history

Of 66 with Covid-19, SH=51.5%

Of 18 who died, SH=50%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,451/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 53 with active or a history of oncological disease who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 12 were smokers (22.6%)

Of 16 who died, 4 were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
1,452/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 44 with severe ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who received invasive mechanical ventilation & tracheotomy, 8 had a smoking habit (18.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01…
1,453/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 77 with lymphoma hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5 (6.5%) & FS=29 (37.7%)

Of 26 who died, CS=1 (3.8%) & FS=13 (50%)

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
1,454/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 10 hospitalized patients, CS=1 (10%) & FS=2 (20%)

5 received oxygen support: CS=0 & FS=1 (20%)

3 ICU: CS=0 & FS=1 (33.3%)

icjournal.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
1,455/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

CFS= current or former smoking

Of 95 men* diagnosed with Covid-19, CFS=46.3%

Note: *32 on testosterone replacement (CFS=46.9%) & 63 matched controls (CFS=46%)

jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-…
1,456/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 114 who tested positive, 13.2% were current smokers

Of 55 of them with Covid-19 pneumonia, 14.5% were current smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,457/

Brazil (adult daily smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 12 deceased SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals (10 male) whose autopsies showed adrenal lesions, 5 were smokers (41.7%)

Notes:

28 total autopsies, 16 w/o AL

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,458/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 individuals with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 15 were smokers (28.8%)

Of 21 with severe cases, 5 were smokers (23.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,459/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 588 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 11.6% were active smokers & 2% were former smokers

Of 136 who died, 10.3% were active smokers & 0.7% was a former smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,460/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 30 ICU patients with neurological symptoms, "Only 8 patients (26.66%) were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,461/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 6,247 hospitalized patients, 71.4% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,462/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 531* hospitalized patients, 88.1% were non-smokers

Note: *calculated due to probable missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,463/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,924 ICU patients, 5.2% were current tobacco users

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
1,464/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 128 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection & moderate, severe, or critical pneumonia, 3 were current smokers (2.3%) & 8 were former smokers (6.3%)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
1,465/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 7,816 who tested positive, 45.3% had a smoking history (SH)

Of 643 with ARDS, SH=47%

Notes:

Veterans Health Administration

94.4% of patients were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,466/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 12 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals (10 female) with sudden dysosmia, one was an active smoker (8.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,467/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 11 critically ill patients, CS=1 & FS=1 (9.1% each)

Of 3 who died by June 25, CS=1 & FS=1 (33.3% each)

Notes:

3 still hospitalized (2 ICU)

MD, NC, FL

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,468/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

CS=continued smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 57 hospitalized (non-ICU) who needed supplemental oxygen, CS=7 (12.3%) & FS=8 (14%)

Of 13 who died, CS=0 & FS=2 (15.4%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-954…

Notes 👇 Image
1,469/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 243 hospitalized patients, 12 were current smokers (4.9%)

Of 64 who died, 3 were current smokers (4.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-943…
1,470/

USA (2018 adult current smoking was 13.7%)

MI, PA, TX, WA, WI

4,961 symptomatic individuals were tested

961 positive

"...persons with COVID-19 less frequently reported cigarette smoking or vaping (13% vs.21%, p<0.01)"

raw numbers not reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,471/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

406 PH lab & support staff tested for antibodies

"Fourth-two (10%) individuals reported smoking. Having some comorbidity or smoking was not associated to serology (p=0.88 and p=0.35, respectively)"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,472/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 983 Covid-19 patients, 17.1% were former or current smokers (FCS)

Of 294 who died in hospital, 25.2%* were FCS

*25.3% reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,473/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017) & possibly Monaco

Of 250 patients with at least 1 risk factor (age, selected comorbidity, or need for oxygen) hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, six were active smokers (2.4%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,474/

Earth (adult smoking rate: ~20% in 2015)

CS=current smoking

Of 110 on anticoagulation therapy before they were hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=9 (8.2%)

Of 109 hospitalized without prior AT in a matched control group, CS=1 (0.9%)

DE, EC, ES, IT

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,475/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

C= current smoking; P=past smoking

Of 5,093 tested, C=8.4% & P=29.9%

Of 960 positive, C=4.1% & P=29.5%

Of 426 hospitalized, C=2.1% & P=35.9%

Of 204 ICU, C=2.0% & P=42.2%

Of 53 deaths, C=zero & P=64.2%

Continued
1,475a/

Of 5,329 in an untested group used for comparison, C=10.7% & P=20.3%

Comment: The inconsistently-reported percentages for this group should never have made it past peer review

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…

ORs Image
1,476/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 7,880,386 aged 19-100, CS=17.8% & XS=22.2%

Of 15,255 of them hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8% & XS=34.9%

Of 6,020 who died, CS=6.8% & XS=43.9%

Continued
1,476a/

bmj.com/content/371/bm…

Notes:

data reported separately for light, moderate & heavy smoking

Many included in study in tweets 753 & 753a. Different outcomes in this one

1,477/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 226 hospitalized patients, 3.1% were current smokers & 31.9% were former smokers

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
1,478/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 67 with highly suspected Covid-19, 11 were current smokers (16.4%)

Of 26 who tested positive, 4 were current smokers (15.4%)

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,479/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 13,546 age 40+ without COPD diagnosed with C-19, 13% were smokers

Of 793 with COPD diagnosed with C-19, 33.9% were smokers

Of 826 with COPD diagnosed with influenza (2019-20), 43.8% were smokers

Continued
1,479a/

Note: "...we were not able to determine with precision whether smokers were still active tobacco users or the intensity of exposure"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33053774/
1,480/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 198 hospitalized with confirmed severe COVID-19, six were smokers (3%)*

Of 13 who died, zero were smokers

Notes:

*3.1% reported

not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-949…
1,481/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,188 referred to intensive care or high-care units in 6 African countries with suspected or known COVID-19 infection, CS=6.4%

Of 615 who died, CS=4.9%

EG, ET, GH, LY, NG, ZA

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,482/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 1,011 pregnant women tested for SARS-CoV-2, 6.8% were cigarette smokers

Of 909 positive, 6.7% were cigarette smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,483/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 40 hospitalized patients, 11 had a smoking history (27.5%)

Of 21 with severe cases, 8 had a smoking history (38.1%)

jogh.org/documents/issu…
1,484/

Mexico (age 12-65 female smoking rate was 8.7% in 2016)

S=smoking, presumably current

Of 1,664 pregnant women tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=3%

Of 448 positive, S=2.7%

Of 137 hospitalized, S=2.2%

Continued
1,484a/

Of 17,942 non-pregnant women of childbearing age who tested positive, S=5.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,485/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 21 Covid-19 patients who had a stroke, 2 were smokers (9.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,486/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 25 with Covid-19 who died, zero were current smokers & 8 were former smokers (32%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,487/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 418 hospitalized patients, 8.6% were smokers

Of 79 who died, 4.2% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Apparently the same pts as study in tweet 1,031, but it's "smoking" instead of "tobacco use"

1,488/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 10 hospitalized with asymptomatic C-19, "Only 1 patient (patient 9) had a smoking history of one pack of cigarettes per day for approximately 50 years. The other patients had no history of smoking."

karger.com/Article/Abstra…
1,489/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 161 discharged after hospitalization with moderate Covid-19, 12 had a smoking history (7.5%)

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,490/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 19 Covid-19 patients treated with ECMO, 3 were smokers (15.8%)

Of 10 who died, 3 were smokers (30%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

heartandlung.org/article/S0147-…
1,491/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 510 hospitalized patients who had transthoracic echocardiography, 24.3% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,492/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 377 hospitalized, non-ventilated patients with Covid-19 pneumonia in 6 countries, 5.8% were current smokers & 17% were former smokers

80.6% of patients in US; rest in MX, KE, ZA, PE, BR

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,493/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 192 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=6.25% & FS=38.5%

Of 214 uninfected in a matched* control group, CS=12.6% & FS=47.7%

*criteria: age, gender, hypertension

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
1,494/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 97 hospitalized patients, 9 were current smokers (9.3%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/14…

Note: same numbers of patients & smokers as study in tweet 1,062, but different patients in different hospital

1,495/

Of 56 SARS-CoV-2-positive hyperandrogenic women, zero were current smokers

Of 56 SARS-CoV-2-positive non-hyperandrogenic women in a matched control group, one was a current smoker (1.8%)

Location not stated; authors from BR, US, HR, ES, AU

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jd…
1,496/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 245 Covid-19 patients with de novo neurological or psychiatric symptoms, AS=15.9%

96 hospitalized (non-ICU, survived): AS=12.5%
114 ICU (survived): AS=19.3%
10 died: AS=20%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,497/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

S=smoking

Of 101,533 discharged after hospitalization for a non-Covid-19-related disease, S=22.1%

Of 44 who tested positive within 14 days of discharge, S=22.7%

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,498/

China (adult smoking was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 124 hospitalized patients, S=16 (12.9%)

44 moderate: S=1 (2.3%)
62 severe: S=12 (19.4%)
18 critical: S=3 (16.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,499/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 634 COVID-19 infected patients who were discharged from a hospital emergency department, 6.8% were current smokers & 5.5% were former smokers

Note: Queens & Brooklyn

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,500/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 45 intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, 3 were current smokers (6.7%)

mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/3/…
1,501/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 38 hemodialysis patients moderately to severely or critically ill with Covid-19, "Only one patient was an active smoker." (2.6%)

kidneymedicinejournal.org/article/S2590-…
1,502/

China (adult smoking was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,030 hospitalized patients, 10.5% were ex-smokers or smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,503/

Of 2,579 with confirmed Covid-19, 14% were current smokers

18 unspecified European hospitals: authors from Belgium, Spain, Italy, France

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,504/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 821 who tested positive & were sent home to self-isolate, "73.4% were non-smokers"

Note: not clear if it's non- or never smokers; "never smokers" appeared once

researchsquare.com/article/rs-307…
1,505/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 423 tested for antibodies, CS=21.7% & FS=18%

Of 163 positive, CS=14.1% & FS=25.2%*

Note: *25.1% reported (41/163 = 25.15337423313%)

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom… Image
1,506/

Appears to be a subset of patients from study in tweet 444

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,507/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 286 cancer patients who tested positive, 42.3% were current or former smokers

Of 113 with severe or critical cases, 51.3% were current or former smokers

ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JC…
1,508/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 68 hospitalized patients with venous duplex imaging, 6 were current smokers (8.8%) & 24 were former smokers (35.3%)

Of 31 with deep venous thrombosis, CS=3 (9.7%) & FS=10 (32.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,509/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 352 critically ill patients, 49.4% were active smokers

Of 113 who died, 57.5% were active smokers

Note: 87.2% of patients were male

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33095982/
1,510/

Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

Of 74 with symptomatic Covid-19, four were active smokers (5.4%)

Of 60 with symptomatic dengue & without Covid-19, twelve were active smokers (20%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Bad link in tweet 347

This one should work: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

The study in tweet 17 was withdrawn

"The authors have withdrawn this manuscript at the request of their local IRB, because the objectives outlined in this study were not specifically approved by the IRB."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

1,511/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

CS=current smoking

Of 24,752 retired blood donors aged 70+, CS=8.7%

Of 1,200 tested for antibodies, CS=9.1%

Of 22 positive, CS=9.1%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,512/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

TU=tobacco use

Of 1,267 tested, TU=73 (5.8%: 5.7% reported)

Of 410 positive, TU=11 (2.7%: 2.6% reported)

Of 94 inconclusive, TU=4 (4.3%: 4.2% reported)

Of 763 undetected, TU=58 (7.6%)

Continued
1,512a/

Notes:

1,001 were health care professionals (79%)

not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,513/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 249 hospitalized patients, 23 were current smokers (9.2%)*

*9.3% reported

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,514/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 24 hospitalized patients, 2 were former smokers (8.3%)

Note: current smoking not reported, presumably because n=0

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,515/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 39 with diabetes & end stage renal disease hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection, 2 were active or ex-smokers (5.1%)

11 renal transplant: AXS=0
28 hemodialysis: AXS=2 (7.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ne…
1,516/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

ES=ever smoking

Of 1,474 with confirmed Covid-19, ES=22.9%

Of 160 hospitalized, ES=33.8%

Of 66 ICU, ES=30.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ex…
1,517/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; XS=ex-smoking

Of 1,119 hospitalized patients, CS=14.1% & XS=14.9%

Of 87 treated with tocilizumab, CS=4.6% & XS=10.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…

Notes:

Bronx

👇 Image
1,518/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 77,578 Veterans Health Administration patients tested, CS=23.6% & FS=42.9%

Of 8,856 positive, CS=12.8% & FS=46%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar… Image
1,518a/

Apparently the 8,856 positive are the same 8,856 in the study in tweet 1,192

1,519/

Same patients as study in tweet 504

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

1,520/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 12,210 hospitalized patients, 9% were current smokers

Of 1,192 who required respiratory support, 15.2% were current smokers

Note: includes patients in tweet 1,519 (and some others)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,521/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)
Scotland, UK (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 76 symptomatic individuals tested, CS=14 (18.4%) & FS=25 (32.9%)

Of 30 positive, CS=zero & FS=10 (33.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,522/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 58 SARS-CoV-2-positive admitted to an isolation center, 6 were smokers (10.3%)

Of 45 with symptoms, 5 were smokers (11.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" appears once

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,523/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 71* hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 44 were active smokers (62%)

*calculated due to probable missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,524/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 198,828 respondents to a web-based survey, CS=18.6% & FS=24%

Of 6,680 tested, CS=15.6% & FS=21.4%

Of 1,676 positive, CS=9.4% & 24.1%

Continued
1,524a/

Update to study in tweet 524

mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/…

1,525/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 70 with rheumatic disease who tested positive, CS=1 (1.4%) & FS=20 (28.6%)

Of 34 hospitalized, CS=0 & FS=10 (29.4%)

Of 6 (hospitalized) who died, CS=0 & FS=1 (16.7%)

Continued
1,525a/

Of 102 with rheumatic disease hospitalized without C-19 in a gender, age, race & comorbidity index-matched* control group, CS=9 (8.8%) & FS=29 (28.4%)

*matched to hospitalized patients

Note: 80% were female

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,526/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking

Of 242 Covid-19 patients with "serum levels of hs-troponin I above...the upper limit of reference range", S=1 (0.4%)

Of 176 who died, S=1 (0.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ehjacc/advance…
1,527/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 216 hospitalized patients, CS=7.4%

Of 197 in a matched* control group, CS=17.3%

*presumably uninfected; matched to 197 C-19 patients not taking Vitamin D supplements (CS=7.1%)

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
1,528/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 420 discharged alive after hospitalization with Covid-19, 10.5% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,529/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 655 hospitalized patients, 26% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" appeared twice & "history of smoking" once

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,530/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 41.0% in 2015)

Of 108 who tested positive, 24.1% were smokers

Of 62 symptomatic, 17.7% were smokers

Notes:

58.3% of patients & 69.8% of symptomatic were female

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,531/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,030 who tested positive, CS=4.9% & FS=23.8%

Of 386 hospitalized, CS=5.4% & FS=36.5%

Of 161 ICU, CS=5.6% & FS=36.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,532/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 467 genitourinary cancer patients tested, 10.3% were current smokers & 49% had quit

Of 143 positive, 3.5% were current smokers & 46.9% had quit

Note: 90.5% of pts (n=484) were male

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/9/…
1,533/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 98 hospitalized patients, 14 were smokers (14.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

dovepress.com/clinical-chara…
1,534/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% in 2019. Adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 50 pregnant women with Covid-19, three had a history of smoking (6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,535/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 41.0% in 2015)

Of 66 who tested positive, 48.5% were cigarette or waterpipe smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: probably all patients were included in study in tweet 1,530

1,536/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 108 critically ill ICU patients, 9.3% were current smokers

Of 80 who died, 11.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,537/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 hospitalized patients, 7 had a "smoke history" (13.5%)*

*14% reported

jmdjournal.org/article/S1525-…
1,538/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 85 hospitalized patients, 5 were active smokers (5.9%) & 38 were former smokers (44.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
1,539/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 166 hospitalized patients, 32.5% were current or previous smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ac…
1,540/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 15 with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease with confirmed or highly-suspected Covid-19, one was a smoker (6.7%)

Continued
1,540a/

The smoker was a 40-year-old female with mild symptoms. She was not one of the 12 tested (11 positive) or one of the 5 hospitalized.

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
1,541/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 31 ICU patients, 32.3% were former smokers

Of 11 who died, 54.5% were former smokers

Current smoking was neither reported nor mentioned

researchsquare.com/article/rs-966…
1,542/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 51 symptomatic individuals tested, 16 were smokers (31.4%) & 9 had quit (17.6%)

Of 14 positive, 1 was a smoker (7.1%) & 4 had quit (28.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-967… Image
1,543/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 2,169 hospitalized patients, CS=4.8% & FS=3.7%

Of 646 with severe cases, CS=4.8% & FS=4.3%

Of 75 who died, CS=8% & FS=4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-966…
1,544/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

S=smoking; Q=quit

Of 2,533 hospitalized patients, S=4.6% & Q=26.7%

Of 631 still hospitalized on April 15, S=5.4% & Q=26.1%

Of 576 who died by April 15, S=4.3% & Q=34.2%

Note: MSHS

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/10/…
1,545/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 4,787 hospitalized patients, 5.5% were current smokers & 2.8% were former smokers

preprints.jmir.org/preprint/24225…
1,546/

Australia (adult smoking rate was 15.2% in 2017-18)

Of 196 ICU patients, 13.8% had a smoking history

Of 114 with invasive ventilation, 17.5% had a smoking history

mja.com.au/journal/2020/o…
1,547/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 704 hospitalized patients, CS=12.2% & FS=32.8%

Of 288 ventilated, CS=14.2% & FS=31.9%

Of 149 who died in hospital, CS=10.7% & FS=45.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,548/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 59 hospitalized patients, 7 had a smoking history (11.9%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,549/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 114 hospitalized patients, 39.5% were smokers

Of 46 who died, 50% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" appeared 4 times

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,550/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 312 cancer patients with confirmed Covid-19, 44.6% had a history of smoking

Of 66 who died*, 71.2% had a history of smoking

*apparently all causes

acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…
1,551/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 12 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, two were smokers (16.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-100…
Update (1,094)

Oregon, USA

Of 267 with symptoms thought to be due to COVID-19 who were tested, 18.4% were current smokers & 50.6% were former smokers

Of 31 positive, 3.2% was a current smoker & 37.1% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Bad link in tweet 1,075

This one should work: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Bad link in tweet 988

This one should work: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,552/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 1,638* hospitalized patients, 28.1% were smokers

Of 283* who died, 44.2% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Notes:

*calculated due to probable missing data

apparently "smoking" includes ex-smoking
1,553/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 105 with confirmed Covid-19 who had a chest CT, 10 were current smokers (9.5%) & 31 were former smokers (29.5%)

Of 28 who died, 5 were current smokers (17.9%) & 12 were former smokers (42.9%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,554/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 206 discharged from Covid-19 hospitalization (presumably alive), 13.6% were ever smokers

Of 124 SARS-CoV-2-positive for longer than 30 days, 10.5% were ever smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,555/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 106 hospitalized patients, 3 were smokers (2.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,556/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 28 with (apparently) moderate Covid-19, four were smokers (14.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,557/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 240 hospitalized patients, 14 were smokers (5.8%)*

Of 120 with severe cases, 9 were smokers (7.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Notes:

*5.9% reported

only "normal weight" or overweight (underweight & obese excluded) Image
1,558/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 99 SARS-CoV-2-positive cancer patients hospitalized for any reason, 18.2% were current smokers & 22.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,559/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 1,055* hospitalized patients, 29% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data

not specified if current or ever

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/AT…
1,560/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking; XS=ex-smoking

Of 17 SARS-CoV-2+ w/ cancer, CS=3 & XS=3 (17.6% ea)

14 hospitalized: CS=3 (21.4%) & XS=2 (14.3%)

4* died of C-19: CS=2 (50%) & XS=0

*incl. 1 NS who died from both

mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9…
1,561/

Philadelphia, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18-19% in 2017)

Of 76 ICU patients who received noninvasive oxygen therapy, 5 were active smokers (6.6%) & 35 were former smokers (46.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,562/

British Columbia, Canada (tobacco smoking rate ages 12 & over was 12% in 2018)

Of 95 ICU patients, 10.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,563/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 549* mechanically ventilated patients, 33.7% were current or former smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data

MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,564/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

Of 53 hospitalized with moderately severe Covid-19, two were daily smokers (3.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
More data from study in tweet 1,549 (China)

Of 66 with severe/critical cases, 45.5% were smokers

1,565/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

AT=active tobacco use; FT=former TU

Of a number* of hospitalized patients, AT=4.01% & FT=17.88%

133 with gastrointestinal symptoms: AT=3.76 & FT=22.56%

*399 or 397 calculated from reported data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,566/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

CT=current tobacco use; FT=former tobacco use

Of 3,872 hospital employees tested for both SARS-CoV-2 & antibodies, CT=6.1% & FT=11.9%

Of 377 positive for either, CT=4.5% & FT=10.6%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
Update to study in tweet 239

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…



Before & after 👇 ImageImage
Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 225

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 736 hospitalized patients, CS=5.7% & FS=26.8%

159 severe: CS=8.2% & FS=28.3%

95 deaths: CS=7.4% & FS=41.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Update

Of 2,797 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 40+ countries, 3.9% were current smokers (CS)

Of 639 hospitalized patients, CS=5.0%

Of 124 admitted to ICU, CS=4.0%



Continued
Update continued

Of 93 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=2.2%

Of 69 who died, CS=5.8%

covidibd.org/current-data/

Update (as of October 1)

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

Of up to 71,186 cases, at least 3.3% were current smokers & at least 6.7% were former smokers

Of up to 3,761 hospitalized, CS=at least 4.0% & FS=at least 13.7%



Continued
Update continued

Notes:

Utah still doesn't report exact numbers with missing data

114,642 cases: 8.1% were age <15
3,847 hospitalized: 1.7% were age <15

coronavirus-dashboard.utah.gov/#risk-factors

1,567/

CS=current smoking

Of 34 people living with HIV in central & eastern Europe diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=11 (32.4%)

15 asymptomatic/mild: CS=7 (46.7%)
19 moderate/severe: CS=4 (21.1%)

countries: EE, CZ, LT, AL, BY, RO, RS, BA, PL, RU, HU, BG

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,568/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 2,157 hospitalized patients, 5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ehjcvp/advance…
1,569/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 41 hospitalized patients who had CT pulmonary angiography "for respiratory deterioration after admission", zero were smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-736…
1,570/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 65 quarantined in quarantine hospital, "only eight (12.31%) patients were smokers"

Notes:

38 were female (58.5%)
not specified if current or ever

ejo.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
1,571/

Of 139 with confirmed Covid-19, 34.5% had a smoking history

Note: not specified where; authors from Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

annemergmed.com/article/S0196-…
1,572/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 47 with severe ARDS who received invasive mechanical ventilation & tracheotomy, 9 had a smoking habit (19%)

aurisnasuslarynx.com/article/S0385-…

Note: not specified if current or ever

Probable overlap 👇

1,573/

Denmark (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2016)

Of 15 hospitalized patients who required supplemental oxygen, 1 was an "actual" smoker (6.7%) & 8 were ex-smokers (53.3%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,574/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 77 hospitalized patients, 7 were smokers (9.1%)

Of 22 with severe cases, 3 were smokers (13.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,575/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 20 hospitalized patients, "the majority of participants (90%) were nonsmokers"

Note: probably current

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/10…
1,576/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 59 with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 admitted to ICU, 2 were active smokers (3.4%) & 20 were former smokers (33.9%)

Of 20 who died, 1 was an active smoker (5%) & 8 were former smokers (40%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,577/

Portugal (adult smoking rate was 22.7% in 2016)

Of 175* health care workers with confirmed Covid-19, 20 were smokers (11.4%)

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,578/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 159 with suspected pneumonia tested, 7 were smokers (4.4%)

Of 73 positive, 5 were smokers (6.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,579/

Sweden (adult female smoking rate was 11.5% in ~2017)

Of 151 in labor who tested pos., 4 were smokers (2.6%)

Of 588 in labor who tested neg. in a matched* control group, 22 were smokers (3.7%)

*smoking was a criterion

current/ever unspecified

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
1,580/

Finland (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; PS=past smoking

Of 1,629 symptomatic individuals, CS=20.3% & PS=25.9%

Of 1,614 tested, CS=20.2% & PS=26%

Of 338 positive, CS=7.8% & PS=23.7%

Continued
1,580a/

Of 718 (of all tested) who were hospitalized, CS=18.9% & PS=21.3%

Of 81 of hospitalized patients who tested positive, CS=14% & PS=16.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,581/

Greece (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized patients, "Twenty-six patients (30.6%) were smokers or ex-smokers"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-101…
1,582/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,607 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=14.8%

Of 528 positive, S=7.2%

Of 885 who had had a PCR test, S=14.8%

Of 233 positive, S=10.3%

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,583/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 539 hospital workers who tested positive, S=10%

Of 2,424 different HWs who were later tested for antibodies, S=13.5%

Of 542 positive, S=8.1%

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,584/

Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 238 with diabetes or prediabetes hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 1.7% were current smokers & 16% were former smokers

58 died in hospital: zero were current smokers & 20.7% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,585/

Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 834 residents of one township (pop 1,359) tested for antibodies, 17% were smokers

Of 71 positive, 8% were smokers

Notes:

ages 7 to 79
not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,586/

Russia (adult smoking rate was 39.3% in 2016)

Of 920 tested for antibodies, 21.2% were current smokers & 28.6% used to smoke

115 positive in one or both of 2 different tests

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs 👇 Image
1,587/

Bahrain (age 15+ rate of smoking any tobacco product was 26.4% in 2016; M=37.6% & F=5.8%)

Of 40 hospitalized patients who required supplemental oxygen (non-invasive), zero were smokers

Note: 80% of patients were male

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,588/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 363 cancer patients tested*, S=45.7%

Of 22 positive for SARS-CoV-2 or antibodies, S=40.9%

*141 tested for virus; all tested for antibodies

researchsquare.com/article/rs-102…
1,589/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 with COPD & Covid-19, six were former or current smokers (11.5%)

Of 14 who died, zero were former or current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-102…
1,590/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,331 hospitalized patients, 107 were current smokers (8%: 8.1% reported)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-574…
1,591/

Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 257 hospitalized patients, S=11.3%

203 community: S=11.3%
34 care home: S=8.8%
20 existing inpatient: S=15%

31 ICU: S=29%
39 died: S=15.4%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,592/

Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 40 who tested positive at least twice with at least 21 days between positive tests, 8 were current smokers (20%) & 3 were former smokers (7.5%)

Note: 79% of entire sample (n=62) were male

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,593/

Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

Of 834* with acute ischemic stroke between Sep 2019 & May 2020, 28.3% were active smokers

Of 32 also diagnosed with Covid-19, 12.5% were active smokers

Notes:

*calculated
87.5% with C-19 were male

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,594/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 655 rheumatology patients, S=15.7%

Of 45 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, S=1.9%

Of 12 confirmed, S=zero

Note: all data self-reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
1,595/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 272* with obstructive sleep apnea, S=27.2%

Of 106 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, S=25.5%

Of 50 confirmed S=34%

Continued
1,595a/

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data

all data self-reported

65% were male

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,596/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 70 hospitalized with moderate-to-critical Covid-19, nine were smokers (12.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ejinme.com/article/S0953-…
1,597/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

NA="Nicotine addiction (Smoker)" 🙄

Of 12,117 respondents to a survey, NA=17.2%

Of 2,279 tested, NA=15.5%

Of 865 positive, NA=11.3%

Notes:

all data self-reported
not stated if current/ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,598/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 48 with T1 diabetes hospitalized with C-19, 18 were former or current tobacco users (37.5%)

11 with tracheal intubation and/or who died by day 7:
5 were former or current tobacco users (45.5%)

care.diabetesjournals.org/content/43/11/…
1,599/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 45 with lung cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, 11 had a history of smoking (24.4%)

Of 11 who died, 3 had a history of smoking (27.3%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
1,600/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; PS=previous smoking

Of 248 with carcinoma hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.2% & PS=23%

Of 51 critically ill, CS=2 (3.9%) & PS=16 (31.4%)

Of 40 who died, CS=2 (5%) & PS=11 (27.5%)

acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…
1,601/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless=21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 218 with active cancer who tested positive, 10.1% were current smokers

Of 21 who died (any cause), zero were current smokers

Note: current, never & missing reported; 0 former?

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
1,602/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 85 hospitalized patients, 4 were smokers (4.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
1,603/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 9,793 hospitalized patients, 2.7% were active smokers & 15.7% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ob…
1,604/

Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 109 with confirmed Covid-19 still alive 10 weeks later, 7 were smokers (6.4%)

Of 98 in a comparable, but never infected, control group, 19 were smokers (19.4%)

not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
1,605/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate: 19.4% in 2018)

A=active smoking; P=previous smoking

Of 23 with inflammatory rheumatic disease & confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=3 (13%) & P=5 (21.7%)

Of 7 hospitalized, A=1 & P=1 (14.3% each)

academic.oup.com/rheumap/advanc…
1,606/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 51 hospitalized patients, 3 were smokers (5.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,607/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 350 hospitalized patients, 31 were smokers (8.9%)

Of 48 with severe cases, 12 were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" appeared twice, "smoking history" once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,608/

China (adult male smoking rate was 50.5% in 2018)

Of 73 men age 20 to 50 who recovered from Covid-19, "18 (24.7%) were active smokers, and 2 of them were past smokers" (2.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
1,609/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 1,256 with rheumatic disease diagnosed with Covid-19, 28.1% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar…
1,610/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever; "history" appeared 4 times)

Of 768 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=20.8%

Of 352 admitted to ICU, S=30.4%

Of 89 who died, S=57.3%

76.7% were male
smj.org.sa/index.php/smj/…
1,611/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 165 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, SH=18.8%

114 severe: SH=13.2%
51 critical: SH=31.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-100…
Bad link in tweet 1,200

This should work: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,612/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

A=active smoking; P=past smoking (in 2019)

Of 157,544 individuals age 18-61 tested, A=20.6% & P=21.8%

Of 7,948 positive, A=15% & P=22.2%

Of 286 hospitalized, A=11.9% & P=30.4%

all data self-reported
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,613/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 55 hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, CS=1 (1.8%)

28 mild/moderate: CS=1 (3.6%)
27 severe/critical: CS=0
9 deaths: CS=0

Continued
1,613a/

Of 51 uninfected hemodialysis pts in a matched control group, CS=0

Of 46 additional hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, CS=2 (4.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,614/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 319 symptomatic health care workers tested, 21.9% were current smokers

Of 67 positive, 9% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,615/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 417 who tested positive & were still alive at least 6 weeks later, 12% were smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-103…

Notes:

not specified if current or ever Image
1,616/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=active smoking; Q=quit

Of 22,084 reporting to hospital emergency departments with symptoms suggesting Covid-19*, S=6.2% & Q=27%

Of 943 with an adverse event**, S=6.3% & Q=39.1%

See notes in next tweet
1,616a/

*~25% were tested; ~18% of tested were positive

**adverse event="death or respiratory decompensation defined as receipt of mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, high-flow oxygen or oxygen delivered via face mask, within 7-days"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,617/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 486 hospitalized patients, 6.6% were active smokers & 26.7% were former smokers

Of 147 who died, 5.4% were active smokers & 30.6% were former smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,618/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 61 ICU patients with rapidly evolving acute respiratory failure, 60.7% were active smokers

Note: 88.2% of patients were male

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,619/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 203 hospitalized patients, 12.8% were current smokers & 9.4% were were former smokers

Note: Staten Island

cureus.com/articles/41100…
1,620/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 428 hospitalized patients, 18.9% were current smokers & 59.1% were former smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Note: all patients probably included in study in tweet 803

1,621/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 16.7% in 2019)
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 74 who tested positive, 28.4% were current smokers & 6.8% were ex-smokers

Notes:

41 in Tokyo; 33 in Hubei
Japan population smoking rate updated

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,622/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 103 symptomatic hospitalized patients, 9.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" appeared once

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,623/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 10 intubated Covid-19 patients with ARDS, 2 were current smokers (20%)

annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
1,624/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 49 critically ill patients, 18 were smokers (36.7%)

Of 16 who died, 7 were smokers (43.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update

The preprint in tweet 620 was published. Number of smokers among diagnosed individuals was still reported twice with the same contradictory numbers

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…

I didn't report the results of the study in tweet 3 well enough

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

C=continued nicotine abuse🙄 & F=former NA

Of 50 hospitalized, C=3 (6%) & F=5 (10%)

24 with ARDS: C=0 & F=2 (8.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Correction (my error):

The study in tweet 1,570 did not occur in Egypt. It was in Iraq (adult smoking rate was 20.7% in 2015: M=38% & F=1.9%)

1,625/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 24 hospitalized hypoxemic Covid-19 patients treated with oxygen (4L/min or more), one was an active smoker (4.2%) & 10 were former smokers (41.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-103…
1,626/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 270 with confirmed Covid-19, 23 were smokers (8.5%)

Notes:

250/270 were hospitalized

73.3% were male

not clear if current or ever; under subheading "Past History" in Table 2

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,627/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 2,475 who tested positive, 6.9% were prior or current smokers

jnccn.org/view/journals/…
1,628/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 172 who had headache attributed to COVID-19, 15 were smokers (8.7%)

Notes:

68.2% of patients were female

not specified if current or ever

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
Version 2 of the study in tweet 34 was released over 6 months later (today), so I might as well report it properly

Of 292 hospitalized, 5.1% had a smoking history (SH)

147 mild/moderate: SH=1.4%
145 severe/critical: SH=9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-232…

1,629/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 64 hospitalized patients, 5 were tobacco users (7.8%)

Of 20 admitted to ICU, 2 were tobacco users (10%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Update to study in tweet 391

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,130 hospitalized patients, 9.3% were current smokers & 4.1% were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-523…

1,630/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 198 ppl age 65+ quarantined (some after hospitalization), 26.3% were smokers & 35.9% had quit

Notes:

152 tested; 123 positive
58.1% lived in a nursing home
3.5% of sample smoked more than 1 pk/d

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,631/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 11,992 tested, 24% were past or present smokers

Of 6,524 positive, 20% were past or present smokers

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,632/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking (current); Q=quit

Of 143 admitted to one of 8 ICUs in the Canary Islands, S=7 (4.9%) & Q=25 (24.5%)

Of 25 who died, S=2 (8%) & Q=6 (24%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,633/

Of 1,495 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.8% were active smokers & 16.7% were former smokers

Note: not stated where patients were; all 21 authors from
Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,634/

All subjects probably included in study in tweet 1,377

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,635/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 189 hospitalized patients, 59 were smokers (31.2%*)

Notes:

*30% reported
not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,636/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 15 who had a stroke after C-19 diagnosis, 3 were smokers (20%)

Notes:

5 diagnosed with PCR; 10 with CT
13 were male (or 12)
not specified if current or ever

strokejournal.org/article/S1052-…
1,637/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 109 diagnosed with Covid-19, two were smokers (1.8%)

Of 41 with severe cases, one was a smoker (2.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,638/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 75 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia in deteriorating condition, 6 were smokers (8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,639/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 16.7% in 2019)

Of 100 with suspected Covid-19 tested, 43 were smokers

Of 50 positive, 24 were smokers (48%)

Notes:

68 were male
not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ry…
1,640/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 57* hospitalized with C-19 diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, 2 were active smokers (3.5%)

Of 214* hospitalized with C-19 not diagnosed with PE in 2 matched control groups, AS=8.4%

*calculated
thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-…
1,641/

China (adult smoking was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 43 in ICU with critical Covid-19, 16 were smokers (37.2%)

Of 22 who died, 9 were smokers (40.9%)

Note: not clear if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,642/

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 120 with confirmed Covid-19 in Los Angeles (41), Milan (73), and suburban Melbourne (6), CS=1.7% & FS=15.8%

Of 39 with clinical deterioration or who died: CS=zero & FS=9 (23.1%)

Smoking rates in next tweet
1,642a/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Victoria, Australia (adult daily smoking rate was 12.8% in 2016)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,643/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 59 with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, "None of the cases were smokers..."

Entire sample (n=59):

79.7% were male
1.7% of UAE nationality

Note: Dubai

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,644/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 52 with confirmed C-19 who lived long enough to have 2 chest CTs at least 75 days apart, 8 were tobacco smokers (15.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,645/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 103 hospitalized patients aged 80+, 5 were smokers (4.9%)

59 severe: 4 were smokers (6.8%)

59 died: 2 were smokers (3.4%)

Notes:

43 who died were in severe group
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-104…
1,646/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 287 hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke, 18.1% were current smokers & 13.9% were former smokers

Of 34 who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 8.8% were current smokers & 11.8% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-105…
1,647/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 91 with suspected Covid-19, 24 were smokers (26.4%)

Of 31 of them with confirmed Covid-19, 5 were smokers (16.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,648/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

TN=tobacco or nicotine use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,779 aircraft carrier crew members, TN=29%

Of 1,331 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, TN=28.7%

23 hospitalized: TN=34.8%

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
1,649/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; PS=prior smoking

Of 4,365 aerospace company employees tested for antibodies, CS=5.2% & PS=8.4%

Of 310 positive, CS=7.4% & PS=7.7%

States: CA, TX, FL, WA

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Bad link in tweet 1,345

This should work: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,650/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 4,664 hospital & clinic workers tested for antibodies, AS=17.6% & FS=20.4%

Of 139 positive, AS=11.5% & FS=19.4%

Note: error in table 2

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,651/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 430 recovering or recovered Covid-19 patients, 6% were current smokers & 7.7% were ex-smokers

Note: 63.7% were female

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,652/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; HS=history of smoking

Of 139 hospitalized pts, CS=5 (3.6%) & HS=33 (23.7%)

69 required invasive mechanical ventilation: CS=2 (2.9%) & HS=11 (15.9%)

15 died: CS=0 & HS=2 (13.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,653/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 353 Covid-19 patients "admitted" to a virtual hospital, 5.1% were current smokers & 70.5% were ex-smokers

Of 39 hospitalized or who died, 5.1% were current smokers & 76.9% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,654/

UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 98 hospitalized patients, 2 were current tobacco users (2%) & 27 were former smokers (27.6%)

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
1,655/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 586 admitted to one of 13 hospital cardiology units for Covid-19, 27.3% were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…

Note: not specified if current or ever Image
1,656/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 382 patients hospitalized with Covid-19 ARDS, 9.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,657/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 205 hospitalized patients, 9 were smokers (4.4%)

Of 46 severe, 5 were smokers (10.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" appeared once

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,658/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%: including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 57 hospitalized with C-19, 29.8% were smokers

Of 40 healthy controls*, 30% were smokers

Notes:

*not clear how selected
not specified if current/ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,659/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 151 with confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection, 11 were smokers (7.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "Ever been a smoker" appeared once

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,660/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

C=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 205* hospitalized with thrombotic events in March & April of both 2019 & 2020, C=51 (24.1%)

Of 47* diagnosed with Covid-19, C=8 (17%)

Continued
1,660a/

V=vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 143* hospitalized with thrombosis in March & April of both 2019 & 2020, V=4 (1.9%)

Of up to 48 diagnosed with Covid-19, V=zero

*calculated because numbers & percentages didn't agree

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,661/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 246 hospitalized patients, 10 had a smoking history (4.1%)

Note: patients with chronic disease(s) were excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,662/

Suffolk County, NY, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.8% in 2015. NY State current smoking was 12.8% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,108* hospitalized patients, SH=24.8%

Of 271* admitted to ICU, SH=22.6%

*number could be off by 1

peerj.com/articles/10337/
1,663/

Iraq (adult smoking rate was 20.7% in 2015: M=38% & F=1.9%)

Of 22 diagnosed with Covid-19 with documented large vessel thrombosis, one was a former smoker & one was a "chronic heavy smoker" (4.5% each)

Note: 19 male, 3 female

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,664/

Pakistan (adult current smoking rate was 19.8% in 2016)

Of 100 hospitalized with moderate to severe Covid-19, 26 were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
gender of patients not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,665/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

TXS="Tobacco smoker/ex-smoker"

Of 1,344 hospitalized patients, TXS=27.8%

76 ICU: TXS=30.3%

260 died: TXS=42.7%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/…
1,666/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

AT=active tobacco use

Of 138 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 who had an ultrasound for suspected venous thromboembolism, AT=15.9%

44 with venous thrombosis: AT=2.3%

23 deaths: AT=0

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,667/

Philadelphia, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18-19% in 2017)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 577 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, AS=14% & FS=32.4%

154* ICU: AS=15.6% & FS=40%

77* invasive mechanical ventilation: AS=20.8% & FS=37.7%

Continued
1,667a/

5 ECMO: AS=0 & FS=40%

52 died: AS=5.8% & FS=51.9%

*total numbers didn't agree with numbers when separated into smoking status groups

researchsquare.com/article/rs-107…
1,668/

Pakistan (adult current smoking rate was 19.8% in 2016)

Of 201 hospitalized patients, 16.4% were smokers

Of 57 critical, 22.8% were smokers

Notes:

59.2% were male
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-106…
1,669/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

FCS=former/current smoking

Of 335 hospitalized patients, FCS=13.4%

74 severe: FCS=17.6%

6 died: FCS=33.3%

academic.oup.com/jn/advance-art…
Correction to tweet 1,574 (my error)

Of 84 hospitalized patients, 7 were smokers (8.3%)

Of 25 with severe cases, 3 were smokers (12%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

1,670/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

Of 171 in ICU, 20.5% were active smokers

Of 44 who died, 45.5% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ju…

Notes:

78.9% were male
most, if not all, included in study in tweet 1,509

1,671/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 645 hospitalized, 6.4% were current smokers

Note: included in Farsalinos et al's preprint dated April 4. Now reporting included studies separately.

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
1,672/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 187 hospitalized, 9.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamac…
1,673/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 41 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers (7.3%)

Of 13 admitted to ICU, zero were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
1,674/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 135 hospitalized patients, 9 were current smokers (6.7%)

Of 40 with severe cases, one was a current smoker (2.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,675/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; PS=past smoking

Of 140 hospitalized, CS=2 (1.4%) & PS=7 (5%)

Of 58 with severe cases, CS=2 (3.4%) & PS=4 (6.9%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
1,676/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 155 hospitalized patients, 6 were current smokers (3.9%)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,677/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 191 hospitalized patients, 11 were current smokers (5.8%)

Of 54 who died, 5 were smokers (9.3%)

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
1,678/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 651 with Covid-19, 6.3% were current smokers

gut.bmj.com/content/69/6/1…
1,679/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 788 hospitalized patients, 6.9% were current smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/article/71…
1,680/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,085 hospitalized, CS=12.6% & FS=1.9%

172 severe: CS=16.9% & FS=5.2%

66 ICU, mechanical ventilation, or death: CS=25.8% & FS=7.6%

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
1,681/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,590 hospitalized patients, 7% were former or current smokers

Note: unspecified number of unknown counted as never

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,682/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

C=current smoking; P=past smoking

Of 12,970 hospitalized patients, C=6.8% & P=14.9%

Of 13,706 with C-19 but not hospitalized in a matched* control group, C=6.9% & P=15.8%

*smoking was a criterion

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,683/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 50,167 with Covid-19, 7.33% had a history of nicotine dependence 🙄

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32796217/
1,684/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 173 with suspected Covid-19 tested, S=11 (6.4%)

Of 104 positive, S=9 (8.7%)

Note: Abu Dhabi

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,685/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 150 discharged alive after hospitalization with confirmed Covid-19, 40.9% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,686/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 295 with confirmed Covid-19, S=17 (5.8%)

188 mild/moderate: S=7 (3.7%)
66 severe: S=5 (7.6%)
41 critical: S=5 (12.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-108…
1,687/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 134 with Covid-19, S=33.6%

45 mild: S=16 (35.6%)
57 common S=19 (33.3%)
21 severe: S=8 (38.1%)
11 extremely severe: S=2 (18.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-107…
1,688/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 1,520 hospitalized patients age 65+, 4.7% were current smokers

Current smoking OR for mortality: 1.39 (0.86-2.25) p=0.17

Notes:

Smoking data ages 65-74, 75+, 80+ reported
Countries: ES, IT, EC, DE

academic.oup.com/ageing/advance…
1,689/

Apparently the same patients as study in tweet 220, with more information.

All 3 who died had no smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,690/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 45 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4 (8.9%)

Of 14 severe, S=1 (7.1%)

Of 19 healthy controls "with similar age and sex", S=5 (26.3%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,691/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 853 hospitalized patients, FCS=9.5%

Of them:

41 with liver disease: FCS=22%
13 with cirrhosis: FCS=46.2%
3 with cirrhosis who died: FCS=100%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,692/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

CS=current smoking, XS=ex-smoking

Of 2,863 hospitalized patients, CS=7.3% & XS=24.2%

Of 777 who died, CS=7.1% & XS=25.2%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,693/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 299 hospitalized patients, 15.4% were current active smokers

Of 302 non-hospitalized, 30.5% were current active smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Odds ratios for death 👇 Image
1,694/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 648 with Covid-19, S=7.9%

50 asymptomatic: S=12%
81 mild: S=3.7%
486 ordinary: S=8.2%
31 severe or critical: S=6.5%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,695/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 57 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with acute ischemic cerebral syndrome, 5 were active smokers (8.8%)

clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-…
1,696/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S= "Smoker (+ex-smoker)"

Of 45 ICU patients, S=8 (17.8%)

Of 20 intubated, S=3 (15%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,697/

NA=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,227 oncological outpatients tested, NA=9.1%

Of 78 positive, NA=9.0%

Not specified where patients were, but it looks like Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
1,698/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 15 Covid-19 patients in ICU with ARDS, 3 were smokers (20%)

Of 47 influenza patients in ICU with Ards (since 2010), 23 were smokers (48.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
1,699/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 196 hospitalized patients age 18 to 60 who were well enough to respond to a patient satisfaction survey, 36.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current/ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-108…
1,700/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 2,086 respondents to a survey, 16.4% were smokers (probably current)

Of 99 who said they had or suspect they had Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers

Note: most were graduate and postgraduate students

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,701/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 106 hospitalized with Covid-19, "12 (11.3%) were current or former smokers"

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
1,702/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 62 with hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, seven were smokers (11.3%)*

Notes:

*11.2% reported
not specified if current or ever

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA…
1,703/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 115 hospitalized patients, 28 were ever smokers (24.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,704/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 40 who died, 20 had a smoking history (50%)

gender: smoking history/total (%)

male: 19/27 (70.4%)
female: 1/13 (7.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,705/

Wisconsin & Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rates were 16.1% & 20.7% in 2019)

SV=smoking/vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 98 who tested positive, SV=2 (2%)

Of 166 members of their households (~53% tested positive), SV=4 (2.4%)

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/6…
1,706/

Apparently the same patients as in tweet 609, all discharged alive from hospital

HS=history of smoking

23 asymptomatic: HS=60.9%
6 mild: HS=66.7%
111 normal: HS=33.3%
23 severe: HS=17.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,707/

Morocco (adult current smoking rate was 23.4% in 2016)

Of 133 hospitalized patients, 7 were tobacco users (5.3%)*

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Notes:

*5.2% reported
not specified if current or ever
possibly all included in study in tweet 1,348

1,708/

Colorado, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 509 hospitalized patients, CS=5.9% & FS=20.4%

150 ICU: CS=7.3% & FS=26%

86 mechanically ventilated: CS=4.7% & FS=25.6%

55 died: CS=5.5% & FS=29.1%

hindawi.com/journals/amed/…
1,709/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 67 ICU patients with Covid-19 ARDS, 7 were active smokers (10.4%)*

*11% reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,710/

Of 104 hospitalized patients, 8 were current smokers (7.7%) & 37 were former smokers (35.6%)

erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/…
1,711/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 321 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who had an ECG on admission, 26.8% were smokers

Of 44 who died, 27.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/europace/advan…
1,712/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 84 severely ill Covid-19 patients aged 18 to 65, one had a smoking history (1.2%)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,713/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 193 who survived after being hospitalized with Covid-19, "5.7% were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,714/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 160 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, CS=8 (5%)

Of 529* who tested positive for other for a non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus (2015 to 2020), CS=127 (24%)

*calculated

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,715/

Qatar (adult smoking rate was 20.6% in 2016)

CS=smoker (current); FS=former smoker

Of 25,366 adults with suspected Covid-19 tested, CS=18.3% & FS=5.7%

Of 7,419 positive, CS=11.7% & FS=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,716/

New York, New Jersey & Connecticut USA

Of 228 hospitalized patients age 22 and younger, 13 had a history of smoking* (5.7%)

* "Defined as self-reported history of smoking (cigarettes or marijuana) or vaping"

jpeds.com/article/S0022-…
1,717/

Greece (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017) Of 36 ICU patients, 13 were smokers (36.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,718/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized with severe, rapidly deteriorating Covid-19 pneumonia, 13 were current smokers (15.3%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,719/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 38 with Covid-19, 5 were smokers (13.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever, but "current" appeared once

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,720/

Brazil (adult male smoking rate was 15.4% in 2015)

Of 130 SARS-CoV-2-positive men treated as outpatients, 10 were current smokers (7.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,721/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 889 with acute coronary syndrome from 2014-18, S=38.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…

39 tested, 20 positive
18 hospitalized and/or died

ORs 👇 Image
1,722/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

SH="smoking habitus"

Of 21 mechanically ventilated Covid-19 ICU patients who underwent right heart catheterization, SH=1 (4.8%)

Of 21 uninfected with RHC in a matched control group, SH=1 (4.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…
1,723/

Australia (adult smoking rate was 15.2% & daily smoking rate was 13.8% in 2017-18)

Of 11 with Covid-19 from January to March 2020, one was a former smoker (9.1%)

Current smoking neither reported nor mentioned

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
1,724/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 817 age 65+ with Covid-19, 16 were active smokers (2%)

Of 226 of them with delirium, 5 were active smokers (2.2%)

States: MA, ME, CT, MI, NC

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
1,725/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 2,107 with current or a history of invasive cancer and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 45.5% were current or former smokers

cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/10/…
1,726/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 69 lung cancer outpatients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 63.8% had a prior smoking history ≥5 pack-years

cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/8/1…
1,727/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 199 hospitalized patients, 13 were current smokers (6.5%)

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,728/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

C=current smoker; F=former smoker

Of 1,069,142 individuals, C=15.7% & F=24.9%

Of 12,971 tested C=22.3% & F=32.4%

1,250 positive: C=10% & F=32.7%

354 hospitalized: C=6.8% & F=47.2%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,729/

Of 35 with confirmed Covid-19, zero were smokers (presumably current)

Of 35 healthy people in a matched* control group, 8 were smokers (22.9%)

*criteria: gender & age (they tried smoking too)

Patients from:
ES: 86%
IT: 8%
FR: 1.5%
+ others

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,730/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 98 with at least one documented psychiatric diagnosis who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 15 were smokers (15.3%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
Brooklyn

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,731/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 222 hospitalized patients, "26 patients (11.71%) had a smoking history" (SH)

37 age ≥70: SH=6 (16.2%)

185 age <70: SH=20 (10.8%)

aging-us.com/article/104077…
1,732/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 613 hospitalized patients, 21 were current smokers (3.4%)

Note: median age was 70

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,733/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 318 hospitalized patients, 29.9% were smokers

Of 32 who died in hospital, 31.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,734/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 136 kidney transplant recipients (80) or people waitlisted for KT (56) who tested positive, 25.7% had a smoking history

Of 32 who died, 31.3% had a smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
1,735/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 155 confirmed Covid-19 patients admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilation, 2 were smokers (1.3%)

Of 43 who died, 1 was a smoker (2.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,736/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)
Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

AS=active smoking

Of 4,124 ICU patients, AS=4.3%

Of up to 1,298 who died, AS=~5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,737/

Another study from Mexico. Undoubtedly included in national statistics (btw I haven't seen an update recently)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,738/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 42 who tested positive (twice), "13 patients (31.0%) were active or previous smokers"

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,739/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Of 27 who tested positive, 8 were current smokers (29.6%) & 6 were former smokers (22.2%)

Of 7 who tested positive for antibodies 8 weeks later, 1 was a CS & 1 was a FS (14.3% each)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
1,740/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 172 hospitalized patients, S=11 (6.4%)

149 mild/moderate: S=9 (6%)
23 severe/critical: S=2 (8.7%)

20 ICU and/or death: S=2 (10%)

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
1,741/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 160 solid organ transplant recipients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 34.4% had a smoking history

Of 22 positive, 27.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,742/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 126 with multiple myeloma or related plasma cell disorders & confirmed Covid-19, 34 were former or current smokers (27%)

bloodcancerdiscov.aacrjournals.org/content/1/3/234
1,743/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 70 hospitalized patients, 25 were current or ex-smokers (35.7%)

aging-us.com/article/104097…
1,744/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 33 non-ventilated hospitalized patients who "demonstrated moderate-to-severe hypoxia", 2 were current smokers (6.1%) & 3 were former smokers (9.1%)

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
1,745/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 46 with moderate or severe Covid-19 pneumonia & lived to tell about it at least 3 months later, 10 were smokers (21.7%)

Of 22 severe, 8 were smokers (36.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-111…
1,746/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 573 ICU patients, 5.4% were current smokers & 30.4% were former smokers

Note: 26 hospitals in Western US

researchsquare.com/article/rs-111…
1,747/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 39 ICU patients, 6 were smokers (15.4%)

Notes:

82% of entire sample were male (including those with unknown smoking status, n=111)

not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-111…
1,748/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 16.7% in 2019)

Of 924 hospitalized patients, 40.8% were former or current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-112…
1,749/

Colombia (adult smoking rate was 11.1% in 2015)

AS=active smoking; HS=history of smoking

Of 104 hospitalized patients, AS=5 (4.8%) & HS=29 (27.9%)

71 severe: AS=3 (4.2%) & HS=18 (25.4%)

10 died: AS=1 (10%) & HS=2 (20%)

revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biom…
1,750/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 80 Covid-19 patients, 8 were current smokers (10%) & 10 were former smokers (12.5%)

Of 16 with severe pneumonia, one was a current smoker (6.3%) & 4 were former smokers (25%)

dirjournal.org/en/visual-and-…
1,751/

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 109 patients hospitalized in Milan (92) & Los Angeles (17), CS=4 (3.7%) & FS=14 (12.8%)

Of 23 with clinical deterioration or who died, CS=zero & FS=4 (17.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

smoking rates in next tweet
1,751a/

Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)

Los Angeles, USA (adult smoking rate in LA County was 11% in 2015-17)
1,752/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 8,158 respondents to an internet survey, 13.3% said they had smoked in the previous month

Of 57 who said they had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, 35.1% said they had smoked in the previous month

jmir.org/2020/11/e21372/
1,753/

Argentina (adult smoking rate was ~25% in 2018)

Of 160 individuals age 65+ who tested positive, 14.4% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,754/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 132 with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia, zero were current smokers & 20 were former smokers (15.2%)

erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/6/2…
1,755/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

8,651 hospitalizations for respiratory illnesses (2014-2020)

398 Covid-19: S=8.8%

1,612 influenza: S=21.2%

2,292 SARI: S=20%

4,054 other: S=13%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,756/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

S="Smokers (continued)"

Of 43 with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4 (9.3%)

21 tested positive: S=2 (9.5%)
22 tested negative: S=2 (9.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
1,757/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 21 with hypothyroidism hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were smokers

Note: 16/21 were female (76.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
1,758/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 59 hospitalized patients treated with dexamethasone before HFNC or mechanical ventilation, 7 were current smokers (11.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-111…
1,759/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 228,632 adults, 64.8% were never smokers (NS)

Of them, hospitalized from March 1 to Apr 24:

4,628 non-Covid: NS=73%
930 Covid: NS=81%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
1,759a/

ORs for death (current or ex-smoker):

Covid in hospital: 0 (0 - 0), p<0.001
Non-Covid in hospital: 0.1 (0.1 - 0.2), p<0.001
Community death: 0.1 (0.1 - 0.1), p<0.001

Notes:

'Unavailable smoking status (15%) was reallocated to “non-smoker”'

More ORs reported
1,760/

Serbia (adult current smoking rate was 35% in 2019)

Of 107 health care workers with confirmed Covid-19, 29.9% were current smokers

Of 38 hospitalized, 28.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,761/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; GU=gave up

Of 68 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=2 (2.9%) & GU=4 (5.9%)

Of 15 who required respiratory support, CS=0 & GU=1 (6.7%)

Note: 1/4 GU during pregnancy

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,762/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

TS=tobacco smoking; TC=tobacco chewing

Of 138 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, TS=11 (7.8%) & TC=8 (5.8%)

2 others used tobacco, but not specified how (1.4%)

journals.lww.com/ctg/Fulltext/2…
1,763/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 29 with a history of cancer with Covid-19, 20 had a history of smoking (62.5%)

Of 10 who died (due to C-19), 6 had a history of smoking (60%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,764/

Apparently the same patients as study in tweet 581

nature.com/articles/s4136…

1,765/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 19 in ICU with ARDS & extensive white matter microhemorrhages, S=4 (21.1%)

Of 18 in ICU with ARDS but without EWMM in a control group, S=2 (11.1%)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,766/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,449 diagnosed with Covid-19, 22.8% were ever smokers

Of 275 severe, 32% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
1,767/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 66 hospitalized patients with regular (16) or severe (50) COVID-19, four had a smoking history (6.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-112…
Correction (238)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 4,712 with Covid-19, AS=4.9% & FS=17.4%

2,739 hospitalized: AS=4.1% & FS=21.8%

242 ICU: AS=4.1% & FS=24.8%

626 died: AS=3.7% & FS=25.7%

548 died in hospital: AS=3.6% & FS=26.1%

1,768/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 4,191 age 20-65 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers

(Of ~3,800 non-health care workers, 7% were CS)

Note: patients included in several other studies in this thread

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,769/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

CS=current smokers; FS=former smokers

Of 239 long-term care facility staff tested for SARS-Cov-2 viral RNA, CS=20.1% & FS=16.7%

Of 49 positive, CS=16.3% & FS=24.5%

Continued
1,769a/

MJ=marijuana smokers

Of 237 LTCF staff tested, MJ=5.5%
Of 49 positive, MJ=6.1%

V="Tobacco-based vape product users" 🙄

Of 237 LTCF staff tested, V=5.9%
Of 48 positive, V=4.2%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,770/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12% in 2018)

Of 42,907 female veterans tested, 15.9% were current smokers

Of 4,079 positive, 8.4% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,771/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 200 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23 were smokers (11.5%) & 9 were vapers (4.5%)

Note: not specified if current or never

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,772/

Argentina (adult smoking rate was ~25% in 2018)

Of 333 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 3.6% were current tobacco users & 41.4% were previous tobacco users

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
1,773/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 32,507 tested, 14.9% were current smokers & 5.8% were past smokers

Of 1,864 positive, 5.5% were current smokers & 3.7% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,774/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)
Canada (CSR age 12+ was 15.8% in 2018)

Of 69 SARS-CoV-2-positive pts with acute stroke, at least 11 were smokers (15.9%)

Notes:

smoking status missing for unspecified number
not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,775/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,252 hospitalized patients, 7.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

openheart.bmj.com/content/7/2/e0…
1,776/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 23 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 9 were smokers (39.1%)

Of 8 mechanically ventilated, 3 were smokers (37.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,777/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 31 with a history of metabolic surgery who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, zero were current smokers & 10 were former smokers (32.3%)

soard.org/article/S1550-…
1,778/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 160 ICU patients, 38.1% were current or former smokers

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
1,779/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 120 intubated patients, 37 were smokers (30.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-115…
1,780/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

S=smoking habit (presumably current)

Of 1,636,050 symptomatic individuals age 20+ tested, S=8.8%

757,210 positive, S=7.6%
878,840 negative, S=9.8%

80,616 died with C-19: S=8.1%
20,134 died without C-19: S=10.9%

Continued
1,780a/

Hazard ratio for mortality with C-19 (smoking habit):

Unadjusted: 1.08 (1.05-1.11)
Adjusted: 0.97 (0.94-0.99)

Note: as of October 7 (test result)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,781/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 3 times)

Of 240 diagnosed* with Covid-19, S=48.3%

Of 54 severe, S=64.8%

*188 tested, 113 positive

ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
1,782/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 125 hospitalized patients, 20.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,783/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (current); F=former smoking

Of 401 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, S=6.7% & F=2%

241 mild: S=7.9% & F=2.5%
160 moderate: S=5% & F=1.3%

eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11… Image
1,784/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 51 cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19, 20 were smokers (39.2%)

Of 25 who died*, 12 were smokers (48%)

Notes:

*cause of death: cancer (12), C-19 (13)
not specified if current or ever

future-science.com/doi/10.2144/fs…
1,785/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 1,845 tested, 17% were smokers*

Of 288 positive, 5.9% were smokers*

Note: *smoking defined as "≥ 10 cigarettes per day"

OR: 0.28 (0.16 – 0.48)

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,786/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 128 end stage kidney disease patients with Covid-19, C=1 (0.8%) & F=44 (34.3%)

73 hospitalized: C=1 (1.4%) % F=22 (30.1%)

29 died: C=0 & F=8 (27.6%)

kidneymedicinejournal.org/article/S2590-…
1,787/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of *~1,044 hospitalized patients, 5% were current smokers & 34% were former smokers

Notes:

*calculated

"one of the most socio-economically depressed urban counties in the US" (Bronx)

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,788/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 235 adults diagnosed with Covid-19, 33 were active smokers (14%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dt…
1,789/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 17 Covid-19 patients treated with ECMO, 4 were active smokers (23.5%)

Of 8 who died, 2 were smokers (25%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
1,790/

Turkey (adult male smoking rate was 44% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 10 men with confirmed Covid-19, S=7 (70%)

Of 10 men with suspected Covid-19, S=6 (60%)

Of 10 male health care workers without Covid-19, S=4 (40%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
1,791/

Cuba (adult current smoking rate was 35.2% in 2016)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 70 hospitalized patients, S=6 (8.6%)

25 moderate: S=2 (8%)
16 severe: S=3 (18.8%)
29 critical: S=1 (3.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ct…
1,792/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 9,165 solid cancer patients, CFS=51.7%

Of 1,601 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CFS=52.7%

Of 423 positive, CFS=52.5%

Of 159 severe, CFS=55.3%

Continued
1,792a/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 87 previously healthy individuals hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=26.4%

Of 44 severe, CFS=22.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,793/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 97 with inflammatory bowel disease & C-19, 8 were smokers (8.2%)

ORs (smoking) for:

pneumonia: 0.42 (0.04–3.55) p=0.42
hospitalization: 0.32 (0.03–2.74) p=0.30

ES, IT, UK, GR, FR, PT, IL, MT, RU

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,794/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=Smoking (history or current)

Of 671 hospitalized patients, S=23.1%

Of 156* who died, S=31.4%

*calculated due to missing data

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11…
1,795/

Cyprus (adult daily tobacco smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 549 with confirmed Covid-19, 19.1% were current smokers

Of 80* hospitalized, 17.5% were current smokers

Of 8 who died, 37.5% were current smokers

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,796/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 7,803 with confirmed Covid-19, CS=5.7%

7,047 asymptomatic or mild: CS=5.5%
473 severe: CS=9.5%
283 critically ill or death: CS=4.6%

thelancet.com/journals/lanwp… Image
1,797/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 181 hospitalized patients, 20 were current smokers (11%) & 63 were former smokers (34.8%)

Of 50 who died, 2 were current smokers (4%) & 21 were former smokers (42%)

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,798/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 103 hospitalized patients, 5 were smokers (4.9%)

Of 30 in ICU and/or who died, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11…
1,799/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

PAS=past or active smoking

Of ~269* hospitalized patients. PAS=23%

113* moderate: PAS=22.1%
62* severe: PAS=17.7%
94* critical: PAS=27.7%

*calculated due to missing data

mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11…
1,800/

Spain (adult female smoking rate was 18.6% in 2015)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 108* who were pregnant or had just given birth with suspected Covid-19 tested, T=12 (11.1%)

Of 66* positive, T=6 (9.1%)

*calculated

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11…
1,801/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 963 respondents* to an online survey, S=23.5%

Of 443 tested, S=15.6%

Of 336 positive, S=13.1%

*recruited at testing centers & via social media

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,801a/

More information in Figure 1: anyone interested in deciphering? Image
1,802/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 213 hospitalized patients, S=14 (6.6%)*

Of 26 who died, S=3 (11.5%)

Notes:

*6.5% reported

Smoking was a main focus of the article; some interesting discussion

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,803/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 28 hospitalized patients, S=6 (21.4%)

Of 18 ICU, S=3 (16.7%)

Of 12 intubated, S=1 (8.3%)

mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/1…

Note 👇 Image
1,804/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized patients, 7 were current smokers (7.5%) & 18 were former smokers (19.4%)

Note: paper designed to make a point about methodological flaws, but smoking status data appear legit

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11…
1,805/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 446 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=9.4% & FS=38.6%

Of 211 hospitalized with viral respiratory infections in 2019, CS=17.1% & FS=31.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note 👇 Image
1,806/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 18 in a post-cardiac surgery rehabilitation clinic who tested positive, 7 were smokers (38.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,807/

Another from Mexico. Other data in this thread are more up-to-date.

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,808/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 218 with Covid-19 (confirmed Feb-Apr), CS=11% (24)

Of 214 who tested positive for antibodies (May-Jun), CS=10.7% (23)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Continued
1,808a/

Of 302 members of their households tested for antibodies, CS=15.2% (46)

Of 160 positive, CS=11.3% (18)

Of 68 close contacts outside the household tested for antibodies, CS=13.2% (9)

Of 12 positive, CS=16.7% (2)
1,809/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 9,915 hospitalized pts, 5.4% were active smokers & 28.7% were former smkrs

Notes:

Error in Table 1

In thread, some Spanish studies with thousands of hospitalized pts derived data from same registry

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,810/

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 6,074 with Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 16.2% were former smokers

Note:

Current Every-day Smoker = 4.86%
Current Some-days Smoker = 2.54%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,811/

Faroe Islands, Denmark (adult smoking rate was 27% in ~2018)

Of 178 with confirmed Covid-19, 19.3% were active smokers, 2.8% were occasional smokers & 23.3% were former smokers

(Active + occasional = 22.1%)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,812/

Bahrain (age 15+ rate of smoking any tobacco product was 26.4% in 2016; M=37.6% & F=5.8%)

Of 1,382 hospitalized patients, 2.1% were current smokers & 1.3% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,813/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 558 hospitalized patients, 4.1% were cigarette smokers

Of 145 severe, 4.8% were cigarette smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-105…
1,814/

China (adult male smoking rate was 50.5% in 2018)

Of 71 males hospitalized with Covid-19, 38% were smokers

Of 52 with liver injury, 42.3% were smokers

Not specified if current or ever; "smoking history" appeared 8 times

Continued
1,814a/

China (adult female smoking rate was 2.7% in 2018)

Of 66 female patients, 2 had a smoking history (3%)

Smoking status with liver injury not reported

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,815/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 926 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.6% were cigarette smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

Countries 👇 Image
1,816/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 hospitalized patients, S=2 (6.5%)

6 asymptomatic/mild: S=2 (33.3%)
17 moderate: S=0
8 severe/critical: S=0

ajtmh.org/content/journa…
1,817/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 24 adults with confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection who presented with acro-ischemic lesions, 5 were tobacco users (20.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

dovepress.com/incidence-char…
1,818/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 127 with rheumatic disease & Covid-19, C=3.9% & F=37%

Of 507 without RD but with C-19 in an age, sex & index date-matched control group, C=3.9% & F=28.8%

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…
1,819/

Of 18 with confirmed Covid-19 who experienced new-onset halitosis, 3 were smokers (16.7%)

Not specified where. Authors from Czech Rep. & Egypt (adult smoking rates were 28.5% & 17.3% in 2018)

All 3 smokers were female

current/ever not specified

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sc…
1,820/

Iran (adult cig smoking was 12%; cig+ hookah = ~20% in 2019)

40 smokers (S) & 80 age & sex-matched non-smokers (N) hospitalized with Covid-19

S: 1 died (2.5%) & 4 were readmitted after discharge (10%)

N: 3 died (3.8%) & 8 were readmitted (10%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-342…
1,821/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 25 renal transplant recipients with Covid-19, "Fifteen (60%) patients reported they had never smoked, 7 (28%) reported previous history of smoking and 1 (4%) reported current tobacco use."

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
1,822/

Pakistan (adult current smoking rate was 19.8% in 2016)

Of 30 with Covid-19-associated interstitial lung disease, 3 were current smokers (10%) & 8 were ex-smokers (26.7%)

Note: 27/30 patients were male (90%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-116…
1,823/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 146 with inflammatory rheumatic diseases who were diagnosed with Covid-19, 13% were current smokers & 20.5% were past smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-115…
1,824/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 92 ICU patients, 23 were active or ex-smokers (25%)*

*24% reported

researchsquare.com/article/rs-115…
1,825/

Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 101 Covid-19 pneumonia survivors, CS=3 (3%) & FS=53 (52.5%)

28 moderate: CS=1 (3.6%) & FS=12 (42.9%)
73 severe: CS=2 (2.7%) & FS=41 (56.2%)

resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…
1,826/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 220 with severe Covid-19, 23.6% had a smoking history*

Of 84 with "restrictive pulmonary function" ~10 weeks after diagnosis, 17.9% had a smoking history*

*>5 pack years

resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…
1,827/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; PS=past smoking

Of 708 tested for SARS=CoV-2 at a respiratory hospital, CS=7% & PS=38%

Of 63 positive, CS=2%* & FS=35%

*calculated=1 person

resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…
1,828/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 38 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, S=15 (39.5%)
Of 13 who died, S=6 (46.2%)

Of 36 with non_Covid-19 ARDS from 2014-2018, S=16 (44.4%)

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rc…
Update (1,094)

Of 312 with symptoms thought to be due to COVID-19 who were tested, 16% were current smokers & 41% were former smokers

Of 35 positive, 2.9% was a current smoker & 37.1% were former smokers

1,829/

Oregon, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2019)

Smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 364 tested for Covid-19 during hospitalization, C=15.9% & F=39%

Of 100 positive, C=9 & F=37

Note article title. Lead author wrote study updated in previous tweet
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,830/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 265 hospitalized in geriatric wards with Covid-19, 15 were active smokers (5.7%)

Of 11 with acute stroke, 3 were active smokers (27.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-110…
1,831/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

S=smoking (current) & F=former smoking

Of 20 who died of Covid-19 pneumonia, S=10% (2) & F=30% (6)

When 3 later deemed other-cause deaths (2 definite & 1 likely), S=11.8% (2) & F=29.4% (5)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-116…
1,832/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 481 hospitalized patients, CS=7.7% & FS=0.6%

Of 80 with myocardial injury, CS=12.5% & FS=1.3%

Of 71 with arrhythmia, CS=8.5% & FS=1.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,833/

UK survey: all data self-reported

"...diagnosed/suspected Covid-19 was not associated with vaping status....Unlike cigarette smoking, there appears not to be a strong signal for any protective effect of vaping on diagnosed/suspected Covid-19"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,834/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 90 hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were active smokers & 30 were former smokers (33.3%)

Of 50 hospitalized for other reasons, 4 were active smokers (8%) & 14 were former smokers (28%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-120…
1,835/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; PS=past smoking

Of 3,970 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=3.8% & PS=20.5%

Of 1,420 hospitalized with influenza (2017-2020), CS=12.3% & PS=31.8%

Continued
1,835a/

To assess data quality, a manual review was conducted of a subset of 1,110 Covid-19 patients included above: CS=4.6% & PS=24.4%

In the same patients' records (included above), CS=4% & PS=23.1%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,836/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 36 hospitalized with H7N9 (2013-15), SH=6 (16.7%)

Of 44 hospitalized with H1N1 (2017-19), SH=8 (18.2%)

Of 83 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=3 (3.6%)

Continued
1,836a/

Of 30 with severe H7N9, SH=5 (16.7%)

Of 29 with severe Covid-19, SH=1 (3.4%)

idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,837/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 157 hospitalized patients, 11 were current smokers (7%)

hindawi.com/journals/mi/20…
1,838/

Iceland (adult daily smoking rate was 8.6% in 2017)

S=smoking; EC=e-cigarette use

Of 1,499 with Covid-19, S=5.7% & EC=4.3%

Note: includes ~10% under age 18 (zero smokers, 2 e-cig users)

Authors cite population smoking rate of ~11% & e-cig use of 7% in 2020

Continued
1,838a/

Severity*
low: S=5.9% & EC=4.2%
average: S=5.7% & EC=3.9%
high: S=3.9% & EC=5.2%

*Total (including with missing data)
low: 1205
average: 386
high: 170

laeknabladid.is/tolublod/2020/…
1,839/

Iceland (adult daily smoking rate was 8.6% in 2017)

Of 1,797 who tested positive, 4.8% were current smokers

Comment: it appears those with missing data were counted as non-smokers, but I didn't find any mention of it in article

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,840/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 226 hospitalized patients, 5.8% were current smokers & 17.7% were former smokers

Of 107 ICU, 4.7% were current smokers & 16.8% were former smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,841/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 268 admitted to ICU, 26.9% were ever smokers

Of 67 who died, 35.8% were ever smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,842/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 191 diagnosed with Covid-19, 42.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,843/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 56 hospitalized C-19 patients, S=6 (10.7%)

Of 36 healthy ppl in a matched* control group, S=3 (8.3%)

*criteria: age & sex (C-19: 57.1% male, healthy: 40.1% male 🤷‍♂️)

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
1,844/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 23 ICU patients, zero were active smokers & 10 were former smokers (43.5%)

Of 7 who died, zero were active smokers & 4 were former smokers (57.1%)

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,845/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 234 with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19, 9.4% were smokers

Notes:

Smoking was most prevalent in the under age 20 group (4/33 = 12.1%)

Not specified if current or ever

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,846/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 954 hospitalized patients, 4.2% were current smokers & 1.7% were former smokers

116 severe: 19% were current or former smokers

78 died: 10.3% were current or former smokers

Continued
1,846a/

"...we set to search for evidence that patients with smoking history had greater lung damage than those without smoking history but disappointingly, we failed at the end."

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
1,847/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 538 with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.6% were smokers*

455 reported persistent symptoms after viral clearance: 17.4% were smokers*

*not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,848/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 32 undergoing care for thoracic malignancies who were diagnosed with Covid-19, 77.4% were former or current smokers

"Of the 9 patients who died, all were active or ex-smokers"

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,849/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 900 with Covid-19, "48 patients were found to be smokers" (5.3%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,850/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 41.0% in 2015)

Smoking: C=current; P=past

Of 125 with confirmed Covid-19, C=19.2% & P=4%

When patients under age 11 excluded (assuming all were never smokers):

Of 97 with confirmed Covid-19, C=24.7% & P=5.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,851/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 90 hospitalized patients, 7 were smokers (7.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/4…
1,852/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 72 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, 8 were smokers (11.1%)

Of 7 with lower limb deep venous thrombosis, 1 was a smoker (14.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,853/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 97 hospitalized patients:

"It is worth noting that almost all patients were never smokers or ex-smokers from more than 15 years (96%); only 4% of patients were current smokers."

mrmjournal.org/mrm/article/vi…
1,854/

Spain (adult female smoking rate was 18.6% in 2015)

Of 759 pregnant women tested for antibodies, 5.8% were active smokers

Of 86 positive, 5.8% were active smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,855/

Netherlands (adult cigarette smoking rate was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 219 tested, 27.9% were former or current smokers

Of 57 positive, 29.8% were former or current smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,856/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

C=current smoking; F=former smoking

Of 8,769 tested, C=8.8% & F=18.7%

Of 4,220 positive, C=6.4% & F=20.6%

Of 2,210 hospitalized, C=6% & F=24.8%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
1,857/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 335* hospitalized patients, 36.4% had a smoking history

Notes:

*calculated due to probable missing data
smoking history most prevalent in patients age 70+

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gg…
1,858/

Minnesota, Arizona & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.1%, 14% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 1,903 hospitalized patients, 9.6% were former or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,858a/

Note: data from Mayo Clinic, who have loudly & repeatedly claimed that smoking increases risk of infection for months

1,859/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

Of 1,721 hospitalized patients, 6.6% were current smokers & 18.5% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Update as of Dec 1

Of 3,673 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.7% were current smokers (CS)

Of 701 hospitalized patients, CS=4.9%

Continued

Update continued

Of 132 admitted to ICU, CS=3.8%

Of 93 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=2%

Of 72 who died, CS=5.6%

covidibd.org/current-data/

Update (as of December 4)

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

Of up to 114,373 cases, at least 2.7% were current smokers & at least 5.1% were former smokers

Of up to 5,406 hospitalized, CS=at least 3.6% & FS=at least 11.9%



Continued
Update continued

Notes:

Utah still doesn't report exact numbers with missing data

209,150 cases: 9.1% were age <15
8,652 hospitalized: 1.9% were age <15

coronavirus-dashboard.utah.gov/#risk-factors

1,860/

Czech Republic (adult smoking rate was 28.5% in 2018)

Of 213 hospitalized patients, 28 were smokers (13.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,861/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 341 with confirmed Covid-19, S=5 (1.5%)

52 asymptomatic: S=0
153 mild to moderate: S=1 (0.7%)
74 severe: S=3 (4.1%)
62 critical: S=1 (1.6%)

Continued
1,861a/

Notes:

66.5% were male

24 were <age 20 (7%). If excluded (assuming all <age 20 were non-smokers):

Of 317 with confirmed Covid-19, S=5 (1.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-120…
1,862/

Singapore (adult smoking rate was 10.6% in 2019)

Of about 536* with Covid-19, 30 were current smokers (5.6%) & 3 were ex-smokers (0.6%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,863/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,326 who tested positive, 32.4% were ever smokers

Of 320 who were deemed "suitable for discharge from a monitored setting" within 14 days of presentation, 21.6% were ever smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,864/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 52 with confirmed Covid-19, five were tobacco users (9.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
Update

A comment left 3 months ago by the lead author of study in tweet 1,009. I didn't see it until a minute ago.

Thank you, Dr. Maquilon.

researchsquare.com/article/rs-711…

Image
1,865/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 36 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3 were smokers (8.3%)

Of 31 healthy people in a purportedly matched control group, 2 were smokers (6.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
1,866/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 44 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (4.5%)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,867/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 352 hospitalized patients, 16.2% were smokers

Of 51 whose condition deteriorated after hospital admission, 21.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-478…
1,868/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 346* hospitalized patients, S=9 (2.6%)

~220* male: S=7 (3.2%)
~126* female: S=2 (1.6%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,868a/

So far, 4 other studies the same hospital all reported very high proportions of smokers among critical and deceased patients. This one didn't report raw numbers, but adjusted OR for mortality was 5.8.
1,869/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 139 hospitalized patients, 7 were smokers (5%)

Notes:

129/139 were male (92.8%)
not specified if current or ever
Abu Dhabi

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,870/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 406 adults with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases who tested positive, S=8.4%

191 mild: S=8.9%
138 moderate: S=5.8%
77 severe: S=11.7%

Continued
1,870a/

Of 6 under age 18 with iRMD who tested positive, 2 were smokers (33.3%)

Ages: 4, 13, 16, 16, 17, 17

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…
1,871/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 135 tested, 18.5% were ongoing or previous smokers

Of 39 positive, 7.7% were ongoing or previous smokers

bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,872/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 219 hospitalized pts, "23(10.5%) were smoker and 13 (5.9%) were addicted to opium."

HR mortality (smoking): 1.26 (0.44–3.6)p=0.6

current/ever not specified

ajemjournal.com/article/S0735-…
1,873/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 25 intubated patients transported from one hospital to another in the prone position, 4 were tobacco users (16%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
1,874/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

TU=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 288 ICU patients, TU=28.1%

Of 86 who died, TU=37.2%

Note: almost all Georgia studies in this thread are from the same health system

journals.lww.com/ccejournal/Ful…
1,875/

Ohio, USA

CS=non-daily cigarette smoking (daily smoking=0)

Of 101 undergraduate students assessed for Covid-19, CS=10 (9.9%)

Of 43 diagnosed, CS=4 (9.3%)

Of 22 with post-Covid syndrome, CS=4 (18.2%)

Continued
1,875a/

DV=daily vaping; NDV=non-daily vaping

Of the same 101, DV=7 (6.9%) & NDV=25 (24.8%)

Of 43 diagnosed, DV=2 (4.7%) & NDV=11 (25.6%)

Of 23 with post-Covid syndrome, DV=1 (4.3%) & NDV=5 (21.7%)

Comment: title could be better; they're not kids

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,876/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 99 hospitalized patients age 18-65, 19 were smokers (19.2%) & 9 had quit (9.1%)

Of 50 who reported back pain, 8 were smokers (16%) & 5 had quit (10%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-121…
1,877/

Hungary (adult current smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 150 hospitalized patients, two were smokers (1.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,878/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

NA=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51 with Covid-19 hospitalized with pneumonia, NA=6 (11.7%)

Of 51 hospitalized with (non-Covid) pneumonia in 2019, NA=30 (58.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,879/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 987 SARS-CoV-2-positive (29.6% asymptomatic) ambulatory care patients who had a CT scan, 26.3% were smokers

1-10/day: 17.2%
10-20/day: 6.7%
>20/day: 2.4%

Continued
1,879a/

Of 141 whose CT findings depicted Covid-19, 24.8% were smokers

1-10/day: 17%
10-20/day: 6.4%
>20/day: 1.4%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01…
1,880/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

Of 425 with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers & 6.5% were ex-smokers

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
1,881/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

Of 41,451 who tested positive, 6.5% were smokers (presumably current)

Of 2,989 who died, 10.4% were smokers

Note: Guanajuato

researchsquare.com/article/rs-112…
1,882/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 173 with hematologic malignancies who were diagnosed with Covid-19, C=5.8% & F=31.2%

107 moderate/severe: C=8.4% & F=31.8%

39 died: C=12.8% & F=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,883/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 1,045 hospitalized patients, 3.4% were active smokers

Of 424 with severe cases, 2.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,884/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 365 with confirmed Covid-19, "Only 7 (1.9%) were current smokers" & zero were ex-smokers

Of 26 whose cases became severe after admission to hospital, 2 were current smokers (7.7%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,885/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 836 hospitalized pts*, C=12.9% & F=28.5%

Of 111 who died, C=9.9% & F=32.4%

*535 chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis and renal transplant pts + 301 random controls

academic.oup.com/ndt/article/35…
1,886/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 300 symptomatic health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, 20.3% were current smokers & 13.3% were former smokers

Of 104 positive, 7.7% were current smokers & 15.4% were former smokers

oem.bmj.com/content/early/…
1,887/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)

Of 12 with acute leukemia diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, one was a smoker (8.3%)

He was:
1 of 10 admitted to ICU (10%)
not 1 of 5 with invasive mechanical ventilation/ARDS
not 1 of 2 who died

ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/…
1,888/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

SD=smoking deterrent medication

Of 64,781 with confirmed Coronavirus disease, 345 used SD (0.533%)

Of 35,302 hospitalized, 328 used SD (0.929%)

Of 7,355 who died, 24 used SD (0.326%)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
1,889/

France (2017 adult daily smoking rate was 27%)

Of 332 hospitalized in COVID/PSY wards at 22 psychiatric hospitals, 41.6% were smokers (presumably current)

"smokers had a lower risk of developing a confusional state (OR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.5; p<0.001)"

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
1,890/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 11,512 hospitalized patients, 55.1% were ever smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
1,891/

update to study in tweet 683 (sort of)

Of 188 patients with gynecologic malignancy & COVID‐19 infection, 49 were current or former smokers (26.1%)

103 hospitalized: CFS=32 (31.1%)

32 died: CFS=15 (46.9%)

acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…

1,892/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 27,335 who visited an emergency department, S=5.4%

Of 11,402 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=5%

Of 2,484 positive, S=0.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
1,893/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 2,045 age 20+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.6% had smoked in the last 10 years

Of 24 under age 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.3% had smoked in the last 10 years

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,894/

Argentina (adult smoking rate was ~25% in 2018)

Of 168 ICU patients, 18 were active smokers (10.7%)

Of 114 mechanically ventilated, 13 were active smokers (11.4%)

Of 46 who died, 5 were active smokers (10.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,895/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 975 with confirmed Covid-19, S=11.3%

Of 429 hospitalized, S=10.5%

Of 66 admitted to ICU and/or who died, S=9.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,896/

USA (adult current smoking was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 3,349 with C-19 admitted to Veterans Administration hospitals, 47.2% were current smokers & 50.4% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: appears to contradict previously-reported data

1,897/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 468* hospitalized patients, S=7.8%*

204 first wave: S=4.9%
264* second wave: S=10.2%*

See note in next tweet
1,897a/

*2nd wave number & percentage don't agree. If number is correct see above. If percentage is correct:

Of 409 (or 408) hospitalized patients, S=9%

204 first wave: S=4.9%
205 (or 204) second wave: S=13.2%*

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,898/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 303 hospitalized patients, 29 were smokers (9.6%)

Of 51 who died, 4 were smokers (7.8%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
Canary Islands

researchsquare.com/article/rs-122…
1,899/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 50 with confirmed Covid-19 who had only one single pulmonary lobe lesion, 5 were current smokers (10%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,900/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 153 with confirmed Covid-19 admitted to a regular hospital ward, 7 were active smokers (4.6%)

bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…

Definitions of active, former & non-smoker; only active reported 👇 Image
1,901/

Vietnam (adult tobacco smoking rate was 22.5% in 2015)

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 924 individuals age 60 to 85 who visited a hospital or health center outpatient department, S=11.4%

Of 447 with suspected Covid-19, S=12.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,902/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 211 hospitalized patients, 6 had a smoking habit (2.8%; 2.9% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,903/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 16 medical personnel & cohabitating family members with suspected Covid-19 (without hypoxia), eight were smokers (50%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
1,904/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 79,083 individuals born before 1 Jan 1970, S=16.1%

Of 380 with confirmed Covid-19, S=7.1%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/… Image
1,905/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 12 with confirmed Covid-19 (non-severe), one was a smoker (8.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,906/

Sardinia, Italy (smoking rate age 14+ was 20% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 119 hospitalized patients, CS=36 (30.3%) & FS=16 (13.4%)

29 died: CS=9 (31%) & FS=4 (13.8%)

mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/2…

Same hospitals & dates 👇

Bad link in tweet 952

This should work: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

1,907/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

CTU=current tobacco use; FTU=former tobacco use

Of 2,294 health care workers tested for antibodies, CTU=7.7% & FTU=9.9%

Of 217 positive, CTU=8.3% & FTU=11.1%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
1,908/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 102 hospitalized patients, 10 were smokers (9.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA…
1,909/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 61 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, five were smokers (8.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,910/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 282 community-dwelling adults age 50+ with symptomatic Covid-19, S=8.9%

Of 64 in ICU or who died, S=6.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

All included in 👇

1,911/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 65 Covid-19 ICU survivors, 25 had a "smoke history" (38.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-125…
1,912/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 48* mechanically ventilated ICU patients, 15 were current smokers (31.2%)

*Calculated. Unfavorable outcome and mortality data reported, but disagreement between numbers & %s can't be resolved

researchsquare.com/article/rs-125…
1,913/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 4,469 with confirmed Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

Of 734* hospitalized, 6.1% were current smokers

*calculated due to missing data

Continued
1,913a/

Of 4,606 with confirmed Covid-19, 21.5% were past smokers (21.4% reported)

Of 600* hospitalized, 30% were past smokers

or

Of 742* hospitalized, 24.3% were past smokers (see image)

*calculated due to missing data

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22… Image
1,914/

Romania (smoking rate age 15+ was 29.7% in 2016)

Of 37 on maintenance hemodialysis hospitalized w/ confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5 were current smokers (13.5%)

22 mild/moderate: CS=1 (4.5%)
15 severe/critical: CS=4 (26.7%)
7 died: CS=2 (28.6%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1,915/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 4,224 hospitalized patients, 5.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "current or past smoking" appeared 3 times)

Countries:
Spain 81.4%
Italy: 10%
Others (CU, EC, CN, DE, CA): 8.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,916/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

A=active smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 89 with a history of solid cancer w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=7.9% & X=47.2%

Of 181 without cancer infected in an age & sex-matched control group, A=7.2% & X=32%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,917/

Morocco (adult current smoking rate was 23.4% in 2016)

Of 108 hospitalized patients, 11 were tobacco users (10.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,918/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 458 hospitalized patients, 14% were smokers

Of 47 severe, 10% were smokers

Notes:

86.9% of patients were male (78.7% of severe)
not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,919/

New York City, USA (adult smoking was 13.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker, FS=former smoker, PS=passive smoker 🙄

Of 20,234 tested, CS=9.6%, FS=23.8% & PS=0.12%

Of 8,578 positive, CS=5.3%, FS=24.1& & PS=0.08%

Of 1,636 hospitalized, CS=5.6%, FS=30.7% & PS=0.18%

Continued
1,919a/

Of 640 intubated, CS=5.5%, FS=26.9% & PS=0.16%

Of 1,059 who died, CS=4.3%, FS=31% & PS=0.09%

Note: MSHS

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,920/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 183 coinfected with Covid-19 & HIV, "9.3% were current smokers, and 10.9% were former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,921/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 6,378 who tested positive, 29.1% were current or former smokers

Of 830 who died, 35.7% were CFS

nature.com/articles/s4159…

Note: same hospital system as in tweets 1,919 & 1,919a

1,922/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 88 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who experienced sudden loss of smell, 6 were smokers (6.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,923/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 2,147 hospitalized patients, 7.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,924/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018; current vaping age 16+ was 6.3% in 2018-19)

S=smoking; V=vaping (both current)

Of 2,964 hospitalized patients, S=11.7% & V=5.1%

Continued
1,924a/

A subset (earlier patients):

388 clinical diagnosis only: S=18% & V=5.9%
986 PCR positive: S=8.2% & V=3.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,925/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 9,991 with confirmed Covid-19, 4.1% were current smokers & 18.1% were former smokers

Of 4,909 hospitalized, 4.4% were current smokers & 21.6% were former smokers

Note: MSHS

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm… Image
1,926/

Finland (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

Health care workers tested:

Note: more info apparently in Supplementary Tables, but I can't find them---update possible sometime in the future

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33321195/ Image
1,927/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

smoking: C=current; P=previous

Of 88* alive after hospitalization with C-19, C=3 (3.4%) & P=34 (38.6%)

Of 14* ICU, C=zero & P=3 (21.4%)

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,928/

Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 145 with confirmed Covid-19 who lived to tell about it at least 60 days later, 57 had a smoking history (39.3%). Apparently the 4 current smokers (2.8%) were included in that number

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,929/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 87 hospitalized patients who required oxygen, "46% of patients were ex or current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,930/

Australia (adult smoking rate was 15.2% & daily smoking rate was 13.8% in 2017-18)

Of ~1,970* tested, ~38.7%* were smokers

Of ~130 positive, 20% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
1,931/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 1,198 hospitalized patients, 4.1% were current smokers & 20.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,932/

Mexico (other data in thread are more up-to-date)

"Favorable outcomes like no-hospitalization, no-pneumonia, and being alive at cutoff date, correlated with ages 0-39, and with having no comorbidity or presenting only asthma or smoking."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
1,933/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 124 with Covid-19 pneumonia reporting to a hospital emergency department who were discharged to be treated as outpatients, 16.9% were active smokers

Of 9 readmitted, 11.1% was an active smoker

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,934/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 265 (264) hospitalized patients age 18-65, 8.3% were current tobacco smokers

Of 51 (50) who died, 9.8% (10%) were current tobacco smokers

Note: unclear if info was missing for one patient

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
1,935/

Kuwait (adult smoking rate was 22.5% in 2015)

Of 2,269 hospitalized patients, 6.2% were smokers

Of 165 admitted to ICU, 4.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-121…
1,936/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; ES=ever smoker

Of 122 hospitalized patients, CS=31 (25.4%) & ES=11 (9%)

Of 62 severe, CS=20 (32.3%) & ES=3 (4.8%)

Of 18 who died, CS=8 (44.4%) & ES=1 (5.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129…
1,937/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 231 patients on chronic hemodialysis who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 61 were smokers (26.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-125…
1,938/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 100 with severe Covid-19, 20 were active smokers

Of 66 (effectively unmatched) controls, 20 were active smokers (30.3%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,939/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 95 hospitalized patients, 13 were smokers (13.6%)

Of 37 who developed ARDS, 24.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,940/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

C=current smoking; F=former smoking

Of 3,641 SARS-CoV-2-positive veterans hospitalized, C=15.3% & F=30.4%

Of 12,676 hospitalized influenza-positive veterans (2017-19), C=28.9% & F=26.2%

bmj.com/content/371/bm…
1,941/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoker (current/ever not specified)

Of 45 hospitalized patients, S=2 (4.4%)

Of 21 severe: S=2 (9.5%)

24 health care workers with mild C-19 (outpatients): S=3 (12.5%)

27 uninfected HCWs: S=5 (18.5%)

bjo.bmj.com/content/early/…
1,942/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

CS=current smoking (at least 1 cig/day)

Of 353 hospitalized patients, CS=7.1%

Of 111 of them with diabetes, CS=9.9%

28 of the 111 died: CS=21.4%

excli.de/index.php/excl…
1,943/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 258 hospitalized with Covid-19 ARDS, 40 were "actual or previous" smokers (15.5%)

Of 65 who died, 10 were "actual or previous" smokers (15.4%)

portlandpress.com/bioscirep/arti…
1,944/

UK & Italy (adult smoking rates: 14.7% in 2018 & 23.7% in 2016)

C=current smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 813 hospitalized patients, C=7.5% & X=36.9%

Of 192 who required an increased level of care at discharge than before admission, C=6.3% & X=38.5%

bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
1,945/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

smoker: C=current; F=former

Of 248 hospitalized without Covid-19, C=19% & F=13.3%

Of 565 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=20.9% & F=14%

Of the 565:

91 ICU: C=24.2% & F=37.4%
75 died: C=28% & F=41.3%

scielo.br/scielo.php?scr…
1,946/

Germany (adult smoking rate was 25% in 2017)
Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

C=current smoking

Of 76 ventilated Covid-19 patients, C=13 (17.1%)

Of 76 ventilated non-Covid pneumonia patients in a matched control group, C=22 (28.9%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
1,947/

Saudi Arabia (adult smoking rate was estimated at 15.4% in 2020)

Of 200 age 18-60 recovering from Covid-19, 132 were smokers (66%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/np…
1,948/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 9,768 hospitalized patients, 21.1% were current or former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…

Same hospital system, same dates 👇

1,949/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 318 hospitalized with Covid-19, nine had a smoking history (2.8%)

Of 53 with exacerbated cases, two had a history of smoking (3.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo… Image
1,950/

Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 7,218 adults tested for antibodies, 15.4% were current smokers & 17.4% were former smokers

Of 526 positive, 8.9% were current smokers & 15.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,951/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 44 hospitalized with critical Covid-19, one was a smoker (2.3%)

Notes:

all were male
not specified if current or ever
Abu Dhabi

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,952/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

S=smoking (not clear if current or ever)

Of 883 age 18+ who tested positive, S=37.1% (37.3% reported)

Of 679 symptomatic, S=34.2%

Of 26 who died, S=38.5%

Continued
1,952a/

SE=smoking exposure (not defined)

Of 120 under age 18 who tested positive, SE=27.5%

Of 71 symptomatic, SE=33.8%

Note: smoking status of pts (all ages combined) w/ evidence of pneumonia in chest CT was reported, but there's an error in Table 4

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
1,953/

Ontario, Canada (current smoking rate age 12 and over was 15.2% in 2017)

CCS=current cigarette smoker

Of 73 with confirmed Covid-19 treated with virtual care visits at home, CCS=4 (5.5%)

51 female: CCS=3 (5.9%)
22 male: CCS=1 (4.5%)

academic.oup.com/fampra/advance…
1,954/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 107 hospitalized patients*, 24.3% were smokers (current/ever unspecified)

*patients were included only if they had no comorbidities other than cardiovascular disease or had no comorbidities at all

aging-us.com/article/103944…
1,955/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 56 with mild or moderate Covid-19 whose cases progressed to severe, SH=5.4%

Of 92 whose cases didn't progress to severe in an age & sex-matched control group, SH=5.4%

aging-us.com/article/103931…
1,956/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 651 hospitalized patients, CS=34 (5.2%)

332 male: CS=21 (6.3%)
319 female: CS=13 (4.1%)

aging-us.com/article/103793…
Update (as of 28 September)

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 83,149 hospitalized patients in 42 countries, 5.8% were smokers. It's unclear whether they were current smokers.

isaric.org/wp-content/upl…

1,957/

Japan (adult smoking rate was 18.2% in 2016)

Of 101 hospitalized patients, 28.7% had a history of smoking

Of 23 "with a complicated clinical course", 52.2% had a history of smoking

jiac-j.com/article/S1341-… Image
1,958/

USA (middle & high school current use of any "tobacco" product was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 98 pediatric oncology patients age ≤21 years receiving anticancer therapy with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, zero were vapers or smokers

Note: NY, NJ

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pb… Image
1,959/

Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)

Of 60 symptomatic individuals tested, 11 were current smokers (18.3%)

Of 34 positive, 5 were current smokers (14.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,960/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 63 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who exhibited neurological complications, 12 were tobacco users (19%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/brain/advance-… Image
1,961/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 6,377 who tested positive, 8.8% were current smokers & 29.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,962/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 122 chronic dialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 12 were current smokers (9.8%)

Of 45 admitted to ICU and/or who died within 28 days of diagnosis, 6 were current smokers (13.3%)

academic.oup.com/ckj/article/13…
1,963/

Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Of 2,494 hospitalized patients, 6.9% were current smokers

journals.viamedica.pl/cardiology_jou…

Countries: Canada, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Germany, Italy, and (mostly) Spain
1,964/

Massachusetts, USA (adult female smoking rate was 11.7% in 2019)

CT="Cigarettes or tobacco"; OV="Other vape"

neither defined
within the past year
not specified if current or ever

results in next tweet
1,964a/

Of 64 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women, CT=zero & OV=zero

Of 63 SARS-CoV-2-negative pregnant women in a convenience control group, CT=5 (7.9%) & OV=zero

Note: other substances reported too

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
1,965/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 758 individuals with multiple sclerosis, 14% were smokers

Of 48 of them with Covid-19, 14.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
1,966/

Austria (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 361 hospitalized patients, 17.2% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,967/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 191 who tested positive, 40 were smokers (20.9%)

Notes:

not clear if current or ever; listed under "Medical history"
Stanford

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,968/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12%; including hookah it was ~20% in 2019)

Of 219 with confirmed Covid-19, 35 were smokers (16%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-132…
1,969/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 1,322 psoriasis patients, 35.6% were active smokers & 15.6% were former smokers

Of 23 of them who said they were diagnosed with Covid-19, 17.4% were active smokers & 8.7% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dt…
1,970/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 84 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers (3.6%) & 35 were former smokers (41.7%)

cureus.com/articles/43528…
1,971/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 306* hospitalized patients age 65+, 31% were current or previous smokers

Of 39* with delirium, 28% were current or previous smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jg…
1,972/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 307 hospitalized patients age 18-35, 12.7% were current smokers & 4.9% were former smokers

Of 46 who died, 6.5% were current smokers & 4.3% were former smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
1,973/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of ~4,145* diagnosed with Covid-19, ~26.2%* were ever smokers

*best estimates from reported data

theoncologist.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/on…
1,974/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 349 patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19, 18.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

sislietfaltip.org/jvi.aspx?un=SE…
1,975/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 70 with active cancer or cancer diagnosis in the previous 5 years who were hospitalized with Covid-19, seven were current tobacco users (10%)

Of 17 who died, 2 were current tobacco users (11.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ij…
1,976/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 95 who survived at least 6 months after discharge from hospitalization w/ Covid-19, 10 were current smokers (10.5%)

28 reported continued functional limitations: 4 were current smokers (14.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-132…
1,977/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 1,685 who tested positive, 9% were current smokers & 28.8% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-119…
1,978/

Scotland, UK (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

Of 316,284 with diabetes (any type), 16.1% were current smokers (CS) & 48.6% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 1,077 who developed fatal or critical care unit-treated COVID-19, CS=10.3% & XS=63%

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
1,979/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 140 with symptomatic Covid-19, five were smokers (3.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ct…
1,980/

Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

S=smoking (current or former)

Of 33 in ICU with suspected Covid-19, S=13 (39.4%)

11 tested positive: S=4 (36.4%)
22 tested negative: S=9 (40.9%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tm…
1,981/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; PS=previous smoking

Of 79 with digestive tract cancer hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19, CS=10 (12.7%) & PS=23 (29.1%)

28 experienced severe events: CS=3 (10.3%) & PS=9 (31%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ij…
1,982/

Egypt (adult smoking rate was 17.3% in 2018: male 34.2%, female 0.2%)

Of 199 adults with Covid-19 quarantined at home or in hospital, 22 were cigarette smokers (11.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,983/

Zambia (adult current tobacco use was 14.7% in 2018)

Of 70 deceased individuals who tested positive (most post-mortem only) for SARS-CoV-2, five had smoked (7.1%)

Notes:

7 under age 20 excluded: S=5/63 (7.9%)
not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,984/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

S=smoker (past or current)

Of 115,190 adults, S=46.2%

Of 11,584 tested, S=42.7%

Of 1,083 positive, S=37.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,985/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

Of 21 ICU patients, zero were reported as current smokers & one was an ex-smoker (4.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,986/

London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)

C=current smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 144 cancer patients, C=31% & X=49%

Of 69 with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection tested, C=39.1% & X=43.5%

Of 38 positive (PCR or antibody), C=39.5% & X=47.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1,987/

Another from Mexico. Other data in this thread are more up-to-date.

academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/adv…
1,988/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,574* hospitalized patients, 9.2% had a smoking history

Note: *number of smokers + nonsmokers is greater than total number of patients (1,547)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
1,989/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 981* admitted to ICU with confirmed Covid-19, 10.5% were smokers

Of 313* who died, 9.9% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
1,990/

Sweden (adult daily smoking rate was 10.4% in 2017)

Of 26 critically ill ICU patients (all male), 5 had a history of smoking (19.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
1,991/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 20 adults with a documented history of COVID‐19 who presented as outpatients to laryngology centers, 9 had a history of smoking (45%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li…
1,992/

Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)

S=smoking (current/ever not specified; "smoking history" appeared once)

Of 229* hospitalized patients age 65+, S=9.2%

Of 44* who died, S=13.6%

Notes:
*calculated
error in Table 1 re severe pneumonia

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/12…
1,993/

Greece (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)

Of 193 hospitalized patients, 43% were current or ex-smokers

Note: 72% of patients were male

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,994/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 40 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 were active smokers (15%)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,995/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 11 COVID-19 patients with severe ARDS treated with ECMO, 2 were smokers (18.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
1,996/

Liechtenstein

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 95 who tested positive, S=11 (11.6%)

Of 170 of their close contacts tested for antibodies, S=29 (17.1%)

Of 43 positive, S=2 (4.7%)

Note: couldn't find a population smoking rate

smw.ch/article/doi/sm…
1,997/

Belgium (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; SS=stopped smoking (see note in next tweet)

Of 210 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, CS=16 (7.6%) & SS=39 (18.6%)

49 confirmed: CS=4 (8.2%) & SS=14 (28.6%)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/12…
1,997a/

Note: Smoking status categories were "Never smoker", "Current smoker" & "Stopped smoking after COVID-19". If taken at face value, the number of participants who quit smoking before confirmed or suspected Covid was zero.
Update to study in tweets 1,116 & 1,116a

Patients were from both France and Belgium.

Smoking now is "smoking history"

Update to study in tweet 190

Article was updated on June 12. Smoking no longer appears anywhere in paper.

Update (88) because I did a lousy job the first time

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 838 Covid-19 patients with current or past diagnosis of cancer, CS=5.1% & FS=38.9%

431 hospitalized: CS=5.8% & FS=46.6%

375 required supplemental oxygen: CS=5.1% & FS=48.5%

Continued
Update (88) continued

122 ICU: CS=3.3% & FS=52.5%

107 mechanically ventilated: CS=3.7% & FS=51.4%

113 died (all causes): CS=4.4% & FS=56.6%

Update (1,926)

Finland (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2018)

Of 1095 health care workers tested (antibody):

283 were ex-smokers (25.8%)
59 smoked less than weekly (5.4%)
120 smoked weekly or more often (11%)
2 used e-cigarettes (0.2%)
35 used smokeless tobacco (3.2%)

continued
Update (1,926) continued

Of 36 who tested positive:

11 were ex-smokers (30.6%)
3 smoked less than weekly (8.3%)
0 smoked weekly or more often
0 used e-cigarettes
0 used smokeless tobacco

Update (1,770): old link removed from server

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12% in 2018)

Of 77,364 female veterans tested, 15.8% were current smokers

Of 8,308 positive, 8.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129…

1,998/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 34 without pre-existing cardiovascular disease who showed evidence of myocardial damage while hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 2 were current smokers (5.9%)

Of 15 of them who died, CS=1 (6.7%)

Continued
1,998a/

Apparently one more patient, a current smoker, appeared from...somewhere. This is possible too:

Of 35 hospitalized patients, 3 were current smokers (8.6%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
1,999/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 129 hospitalized patients, 11 were active smokers (8.5%) & 51 were ex-smokers (39.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
2,000/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 26 with inflammatory bowel disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, two were smokers (7.7%)

7 hospitalized, 2 died: zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

dldjournalonline.com/article/S1590-…
2,001/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 697 persons living with HIV, 369 were active smokers (52.9%)

Of 18 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 were active smokers (11.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129… Image
2,002/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 54 who survived after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 23 were current or former smokers (42.6%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
2,003/

Brazil (adult male smoking rate was 12.1% in 2018)

Of 87 males with confirmed COVID-19 infection with mild symptoms (non-hospitalized), four were active smokers (4.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-135…
2,004/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

C=cigarette use
T=chewing tobacco use
V= "vaping or e-cigarette" use 🙄

Of 8,156 tested for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antibody):

C=10.8%
T=2.4%
V=2.9%

510 positive:

C=5.7%
T=3.3%
V=2.2%

Continued
2,004a/

Results were divided by daily vs some-days use. Daily users of any "tobacco" product (including V which isn't tobacco) were less likely to test positive than some-days users

Note: possibility of use of more than one product not mentioned

researchsquare.com/article/rs-130… Image
2,005/

South Africa (adult current cigarette smoking rate was 21% in 2017)

Of 405 workers at "a popular shopping and tourist complex in central Cape Town" tested for antibodies, 37.5% were ever smokers

Of 96 positive, 26% were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-136…
2,006/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 100 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with hypoxemia, 2 were current smokers & 17 were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,007/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018; F=2.7%, M=50.5%)

Of 16 (12 F, 4 M) in a single workplace diagnosed with mild Covid-19, 4 were smokers (25%)

Notes:

"All the 4 male patients smoked for more than 20 years"
5 severe patients excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,008/

United Arab Emirates (tobacco smoking rate was 9.1% in 2018: male 15.7%, female 2.4%)

Of 34 hospitalized patients, 3 were current tobacco smokers (8.8%)

Notes:

25 patients (73.5%) were male
Abu Dhabi

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,009/

Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)

Of 22,563 tested, 14.9% were smokers

Of 1,824 positive, 4.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but current appears likely

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,010/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 490 hospitalized patients, 26.9% were current or former smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)

Update as of Dec 22

Of 4,038 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.7% were current smokers (CS)

Of 748 hospitalized patients, CS=4.7%

Continued

Update continued

Of 137 admitted to ICU, CS=3.6%

Of 106 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.9%

Of 75 who died, CS=5.3%

covidibd.org/current-data/

2,011/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

C=current smoking; P=past smoking

Of 21,785 randomly-selected untested individuals, C=10% & P=21.2%

Of 49,080 tested, C=8.8% & P=28%

Of 2,171 positive, C=4.6% & P=26.7%

Continued
2,011a/

Of 611 hospitalized, C=3.9% & P=35.8%

Of 291 in ICU, C=4.1% & P=41.2%

Of 77 who died, C=3.9% & P=57.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,012/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 143 hospitalized (non-ICU) patients, 48 had a history of smoking (33.6%)

Note: patients with history of COPD, emphysema, or cancer were excluded

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,013/

Brazil (adult smoking rate was 9.3% as of 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 163 hospitalized patients, S=11 (6.7%)

76 mild: S=3 (3.9%)
87 ICU: S=8 (9.2%)
31 died: S=1 (3.2%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,014/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% in 2019. Adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 50 non-hospitalized Covid-19 patients age 18 to 60, six were smokers (12%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-122…
2,015/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 654 (presumably hospitalized) Covid-19 patients, 7.8% had a smoking history

Of 76 with ARDS, 14.5% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-778…
2,016/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% in 2019. Adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 60 with severe Covid-19, 18 were smokers (30%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-136…
2,017/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 94 severely or life threateningly ill COVID-19 patients, 24 were current or former smokers (25.5%)

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
2,018/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 126 adults age 80 & younger hospitalized with Covid-19, 16 were smokers (12.7%)

Of 25 severe/critical, 3 were smokers (12%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
2,019/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 157 hospitalized patients, 15 were smokers (9.6%)

Of 37 who died, 6 were smokers (16.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ajh/advance-ar…
2,020/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 11 patients with COVID-19 combined with stroke, two were smokers (18.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,021/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 718 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, 20 were smokers (2.8%) & 36 were tobacco users (5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,022/

Turkey (adult smoking rate was 27.2% in 2016)

Of 104 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 39 were smokers (37.5%)

Of 53 positive, 20 were smokers (37.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,023/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 100* patients referred to ICU for COVID-19 with severe pneumonia, 4 were current smokers

Of 19* with early bacterial coinfection, 1 was a current smoker (5.3%)

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,024/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 92 admitted to ICU, 6 were active smokers (6.5%)

Of 53 with acute myocardial injury, 3 were active smokers (5.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,025/

AS=active smoking

Of 1,555 mechanically ventilated in ICU for various reasons in 36 European hospitals, AS=20.3%

560 Covid-19: AS=5.2%
476 influenza: AS=31.3%
519 no viral infection: AS=26.4%

Note: most pts in France (+ES, GR, PT, IE)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,026/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 26 Covid-19 patients (13 with ARDS and 13 with moderate pneumonia), zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,027/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 2,920 who tested positive, 6.3% were current smokers & 23.8% were former smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,028/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 52 with COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury (AKI ≥ 2 according to AKIN classification) and who were admitted to ICU, 3 were active smokers (5.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,029/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 145 hospitalized patients, 3 were smokers (2.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,030/

France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)

Of 160 hospitalized patients, 10 were active smokers (6.3%)

Of 35 who died, 4 were active smokers (11.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,031/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 118 hospitalized patients, 11 were smokers (9.3%)

Of 37 in ICU, 4 were smokers (10.8%)

Of 11 with tracheostomy, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,032/

Of 21 confirmed Covid-19 patients with aphthous stomatitis, "only two patients (9.5%) were smokers"

Not specified where. Authors from Czech Rep. & Egypt (adult smoking rates were 28.5% & 17.3% in 2018)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dt…

Same authors 👇
2,033/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 447 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, S=16 (3.6%)

Of 226 hospitalized, S=7 (3.1%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33393329/
2,034/

UK (smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,039 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9.5%

352 asymptomatic: CS=16.2%
687 symptomatic: CS=6.1%

Of 684 uninfected pregnant women (2017-2018), CS=19.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,035/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; H=history

Of 2,178 hospitalized patients, C=3.3% & H=15.3%

Of 277 with cardiac arrest, C=4.3% & H=20.2%

Of 32 with thromboembolic event, C=3.1% & H=21.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,036/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 63 hospitalized patients, CS=6 (9.5%) & FS=22 (34.9%)

32 moderate: CS=2 (6.3%) & FS=11 (34.4%)
31 or 32* severe: CS=4 & FS=11

*errors in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,037/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 173 hospitalized patients, 91.9% were never smokers

Of 136 severe, 92.6% were never smokers

Of 62 who died, 90.2% were never smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,038/

Of 820* with active or a history of breast cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 33% were current or former smokers

OR for hospitalization (current or former smoker):
1.08 (0.76–1.52)

Notes:

*calculated
mostly in US; also EU, AR, CA, MX & UK

theoncologist.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/on…
2,039/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 214 with confirmed Covid-19, 22 were smokers (10.3%)

Of 55 admitted to ICU, 2 were smokers (3.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,040/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 2,322 hospitalized patients, 18 were smokers (0.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,041/

Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)

Of 455 w/ confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.3% were current or former smokers

Of 161 w/ respiratory failure, 35.4% were current or former smokers

Of 120 who died, 39.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,042/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

FCS= former or current smoking

Of 152 w/ Covid-19 pneumonia who had a chest CT, FCS=36.4%

Of 45 w/ a "major adverse hospitalization event", FCS=37.8%

Of 23 who died in hospital, FCS=69.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,043/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

In adjusted analyses, patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were...less likely to smoke(OR=0.10 95%CI 0.02, 0.48, p=0.0039)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,044/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking was 20.7% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever) & SE=smoke exposure (not defined)

Of 275* adults with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, S=6.5% & SE=11.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Continued
2,044a/

164* confirmed: S=8.5% & SE=14.1%
111* suspected: S=4.5% & SE=4.5%

Of 91* age <18 with C or S Covid-19, S=0 & SE=6.7%

13 confirmed: SE=23.1%
77 suspected: SE=3.9%

*SE data missing for 1 confirmed & 1 suspected adult & for 1 suspected <18; excluded from calculation
2,045/

Ireland (adult smoking rate was 17.1% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 38 with Covid-19 in ICU, S=2 (5.3%)

Of 38 with influenza in ICU, S=7 (18.4%)

Of 37 mechanically ventilated for non-respiratory reasons, S=9 (24.3%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33415688/
2,046/

Of 152 who were prescribed ACEI or ARB therapy before being hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.6% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…

Countries 👇 Image
2,047/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 Covid-19 patients, S=19 (61.3%)

21 mild: S=13 (61.9%)
10 severe: S=6 (60%)*

Of 12 healthy controls, S=8 (66.7%)

*error in Table 1

jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JL…
2,048/

USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 33,623 hospitalized patients, C=6.1% & F=19%

Of 108 of them who were solid organ transplant recipients, C=zero & F=17 (15.7%)

Of 22 SOTRs who died, F=7 (31.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
2,049/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 36 chronic dialysis patients with suspected Covid-19 tested, S=5 (13.9%)

Of 16 positive, S=1 (6.3%)

Note: updated population smoking rate

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,050/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,263 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic individuals who tested positive, S=9.5%

131 whose disease progressed: S=14.5%

3 died: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,051/

Sudan

88 hospitalized patients; 33 died

"There was no significant difference in...tobacco use...between the patients who died and those who survived."

Tobacco use prevalence not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,052/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
Luxembourg (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 553 hospitalized patients, 3.3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,053/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019) and 10 other unspecified countries

Of 1,600 pregnant women with confirmed or suspected Covid-19:

12.5% stopped smoking before pregnancy
5.1% stopped smoking after conception
5.5% continued smoking

Continued
2,053a/

Of 647 with confirmed infection:

7.9% stopped smoking before pregnancy
3.9% stopped smoking after conception
3.9% continued smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,054/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 50 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, seven were smokers (14%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,055/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 20 placed on ECMO for ARDS due to COVID-19, four were smokers (20%)

Of 9 who died, one was a smoker (11.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,056/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,731 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who were discharged alive, CS=5.9% & FS=2.5%

Of 1,170 on supplemental oxygen (not HFNC or mechanical ventilation), CS=5.9% & FS=2.6%

Continued
2,056a/

Of 122 who required HFNC or mechanical ventilation CS=11.5% & FS=1.7%

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
2,057/

Earth (smoking rate age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2019)

Of 2,088 ICU patients, current smoker or alcohol abuse=10.8%

Countries: ES, US, IT, FR, CL, PT, NO, GR, LY, NL, CH, TN, TR

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
2,058/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 196 symptomatic individual with confirmed Covid-19, 21.4% were current or past smokers

Of 37 who died (all causes), 35.1% were current or past smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,059/

India (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 55 hospitalized patients with anosmia/dysgeusia, S=14 (25.5%)

Of 55 age & sex-matched hospitalized patients without anosmia/dysgeusia, S=10 (18.2%)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
2,060/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 376 hospitalized patients, 29.5% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
2,061/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 977 hospitalized SARS-CoV2-positive Bronx adult residents, 37 were current smokers (3.8%)

Of 355 who died, 9 were current smokers (2.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,062/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

173 primary health care workers tested for antibodies 149-270 days after the onset of symptomatic Covid-19, 13 were smokers (7.5%) & 31 were ex-smokers (17.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-142… Image
2,063/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)

Of 13,568* tested for SARS-CoV-2, 6.8% were current smokers & 12.4% were past smokers

Of 1,523 positive, 4.5% were current smokers & 7.2% were past smokers

*13,564 for CS; 13,568 for PS

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,064/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 126 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16 were ever smokers (12.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,065/

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 869 hospitalized with Covid-19, 41 were ever smokers (4.7%)

Of 57 who died, 3 were ever smokers (5.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
In peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 1,525, former & current smoking were combined into one group: "Smoking"

Nowhere in the paper was it clarified that it was *ever* smoking.

Makes @ClinRheumatol look shamefully dishonest.

link.springer.com/article/10.100…

2,066/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 110 Covid-19 patients admitted to ICU, 8 were current smokers (6%) & 26 were former smokers (19.5%)

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,067/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

AS=active smoker

Of 10 Covid-19 patients referred to lung scintigraphy for suspected pulmonary embolism, AS=4 (40%)

Note: 3 had negative PCR but positive serology: AS=2

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,068/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 136 hospitalized with Covid-19, "30 (22.1%) had a smoking history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,069/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 508 with severe COVID‐19 with respiratory failure, 11.6% were smokers

Of 889 healthy controls (blood donors), 25.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/li…
2,070/

Subjects were selected from cohort in study reported in previous tweet (2,069)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,071/

USA (Current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 670,496 Medicare beneficiaries with fee-for-service claims for C-19, 9% were tobacco users

Of 207,600 hospitalized, 9.4% were tobacco users

Notes:

84.7% were age 65+
current/ever not specified

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,071a/

For reference

Percentage of adults aged 65 years or older who reported any tobacco product use “every day” or “some days” in 2017: 11%

cdc.gov/tobacco/data_s…
2,072/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 41 admitted to ICU with Covid-19, four were smokers (9.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,073/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 242* hospitalized with Covid-19, 17% had a history of tobacco smoking

*it appears data was missing for one patient: I excluded from total

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,074/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 17 with stroke-like symptoms who tested positive for COVID-19 upon arrival to hospital, one was a smoker (5.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,075/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 198 with active or a history of cancer who tested positive, 5 were active smokers (2.5%) & 36 had stopped (18.2%)

Of 33 who died, 14 were past or active smokers (42.4%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434066/
2,076/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 132* critically ill Covid-19 patients in ICU, 11.4% had a smoking history

Of 110* who died, 11.8% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,077/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 76 with inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with Covid-19, "35 patients [46%] were active or former smokers at the time of their COVID-19 diagnosis"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,078/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

S=smoking (not explicitly stated if current or ever; "current or former smoker" appeared once)

Of 93 hospitalized for Covid-19, 28 were smokers (30.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Continued
2,078a/

At admission:

59 moderate: S=15 (25.4%)
34 serious: S=13 (38.2%)
10 critical: S=4 (40%)

18 non-critical progressed to critical: S=7 (38.9%)

Of 60 other patients hospitalized for Covid-19, S=22 (36.7%)
2,079/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 62 seriously ill patients hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=3 (4.8%)

32 severe: CS=2 (6.3%)
30 critical: CS=1 (3.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,080/

USA (Current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

AS=active smoking

Of 502 hospitalized patients, AS=4.4%

Of 179 severe: AS=5.6%

Of 76 who died: AS=3.9%

All 5 states (AR, LA, MS, NC, TN) have considerably higher smoking prevalence than national

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,081/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 377 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7 were current smokers (1.9%) & 38 were former smokers (10.1%)

Of 85 who died, 1 was a current smoker (1.2%) & 10 were former smokers (11.8%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-144…
2,082/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

tobacco smoking: C=current; P=past

Of 911 infected with SARS-CoV-2, C=8.1% & P=0.7%

Of 433 symptomatic, C=6.2% & P=0.7%

D=daily; O=occasional

infected: D=7.6% & O=0.5%
symptomatic: D=5.8% & O=0.5%

Continued
2,082a/

India (adult smokeless "tobacco" use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

ST=current smokeless "tobacco" use; DU=both C+ST (not included in other groups)

911 infected: ST=15.3% & DU=1.3%
433 symptomatic: ST=15% & DU=0.9%

academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance…

Another hypothesis 👇 Image
2,083/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 64 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=4 (6.3%) & FS=27 (42.2%)

Of 53 hospitalized with influenza, CS=12 (22.6%) & FS=21 (39.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-143…
2,084/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 2,601 hospitalized patients, 5.4% were current tobacco users & 20.5% were former tobacco users

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/adva…
2,085/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 10 Covid-19 patients who had ischemic stroke, one was a cigarette smoker (10%)

Notes:
patients were age 50 to 90, except the smoker who was 27
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,086/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of up to 425* hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, "5.24% of the patients had a history of smoking"

Note: 5.24% of 425 is 22.27; suggests that there were some with missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,087/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 9,904 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.4% were current smokers & 25% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Much overlap with study in tweet 1,809

2,088/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 142 suspected to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were tested, 28.9% were former or current smokers

Of 10 positive, 20% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,089/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 114 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, AS=19 (16.7%) & XS=23 (20.2%)

20 in ICU: AS=2 (10%) & XS=6 (30%)

16 died: AS=3 (18.8%) & XS=4 (25%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33448734/
2,090/

England, UK (2019 current smoking age 18+ was 13.9%)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 43,855 hospitalized & discharged alive, C=9.1% & F=44.6%

Of 188,000 matched* controls from the general population, C=20.2% & F=29.9%

*smoking was a criterion

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,091/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 17 young adult outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were current smokers (17.6%) & 4 were former smokers (23.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,092/

India

10,427 lab workers & family members tested for antibodies: 1,058 positive

"...non-smokers in the cohort recorded a higher sero-prevalence of 10·11%, as opposed to smokers (6·88%). This association was found to be statistically significant..."

Continued
2,092a/

"...in our cohort with an odds ratio calculated for the entire dataset of 1·52 (95%CI 1·15 – 1·99, p=0·02) and for males at 1·62 (95%CI: 1·23-2·14, p=0·005)"

Of tested: "prevalence of smoking...not much different from the national averages"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,093/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 101 who had chest radiography ~12 weeks after hospitalization with Covid-19, CXS=35 (34.7%)

Of 32 with persistent chest radiograph abnormality, CXS=19 (59.4%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-144…
2,094/

Turkey: all included in study in tweet 1,885

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,095/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 200 discharged from hospital alive, 8.5% were current smokers & 28.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,096/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

SV=smoking/vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 104 or 105* Covid-19 outpatients, SV=5 (4.8%)

Of 9 with adverse outcomes (ED visit or hospitalization), SV=zero

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,097/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 116 with Covid-19, ten were smokers (8.6%)

Of 17 severe, 4 were smokers (23.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,098/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 1,115 outpatients, 24.2% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,099/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 257 hospitalized patients, 10.5% were current smokers

Of 49 severe, 12.2% were current smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,100/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 339 hospitalized patients, 18.3% were smokers or ex-smokers

Of 50 whose first negative PCR result occurred at least 15 days after symptom onset, 26% were smokers or ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
2,101/

Mexico: undoubtedly these patients were included in national data

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,102/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 205 hospitalized with pneumonia, S=57.6%

106 Covid-19: S=47.2%
99 non-Covid-19: S=68.7%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
Peer reviewed version (264): Correcting my errors

Of 1,704* hospitalized, 10.2% were smokers

Of 483* who died, 11.8% were smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33455936/

2,103/

Maryland, DC & Virginia, USA (adult current smoking rates were 12.5%, 13.8% & 14.9% in 2019)

Of 32 Latino patients with rheumatic diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, "None of the COVID-19 patients were smokers."

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar…
2,104/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 447 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.8% were smokers & 32.9% had a past history of smoking

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,105/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

of 107 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia, 13.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-147…
2,106/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 604 hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were taking ACEIs or ARBs prior to hospitalization, 79.6% were never smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
2,107/

USA (Current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 7,408 admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals with Covid-19, 15.4% were current smokers & 47.6% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
2,108/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 932 hospitalized patients, 13.3% were smokers

Of 52 severe, 23.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-148…
2,109/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 103 Covid-19 patients with cancer, S=20 (19.4%)

Of 36 severe, S=12 (33.3%)

Of 12 who died, S=4 (33.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-149…
2,110/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 91 age 40+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 21 were current cigarette smokers (23.1%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33466642/
2,111/

California USA

This preprint makes a claim about secondhand smoke in the title.

This part was hidden:

"although the differences were not statistically significant"

A typical example of exploiting the pandemic to lobby for a longtime pet cause.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,112/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 88 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, eight were smokers (9.1%) & 30 were past smokers (34.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,113/

Armenia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.3% in 2017)

Of 330 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,114/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 250 COVID-19-positive patients admitted to a hospital Isolation Ward, 127 were non-smokers (50.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,115/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 86 with Covid-19 (8 common, 78 severe), 3.5% were cigarette smokers

Of 32 whose condition deteriorated to critical, 3.1% was a cigarette smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,116/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 34 hemodialysis patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, "A total of 7 (20.5%*) patients had a smoking history, 4 of them were active smokers" (11.8%)

*7/34 is 20.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,117/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 60 hospitalized patients, 38 were never smokers (63.3%) & 22 were former smokers (36.7%)

Current smoking never mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,118/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,114 who tested positive, 4.5% were active smokers & 22% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,119/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 337 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,120/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 20 in ICU w/ Covid-19 who had surgical tracheostomy, "Most patients did not smoke (65%); only 1 patient was a current smoker (5%) and 5 patients were ex-smokers (25%)"*

*that's only 95%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,121/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified..)

Of 55 w/ Covid-19, S=12 (21.8%)

20 asymptomatic: S=2 (10%)
24 mild: S=6 (25%)
11 severe: S=4 (36.4%)

Of 18 matched controls who tested negative, S=2 (11.1%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,122/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19, sixteen were smokers (31.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/br…
2,123/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 63 with Covid-19, S=7 (11.1%)

48 mild-moderate: S=5 (10.4%)
10 severe: S=1 (10%)
5 critical: S=1 (20%)

Of 46 uninfected matched controls, S=6 (13%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
2,124/

USA

Of ~426,722* age 0 to 24 who tested positive, 3.6% were current or former smokers (S)

~159,600* age 0-17: S=0.5%
~267122* age 18-24: S=5.5%

*calculated due to missing data

For interest:

age 0-4: S=37
age 5-10: S=42
age 11-13: S=39

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
2,125/

USA (Current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 19,850 with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection who were tested, 17.9% were current smokers

34% of them tested positive

OR for positive test (current smoker): 0.45 (95%CI 0.39-0.51)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,126/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 257 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "20 were smokers (7.8%)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-139…
2,127/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 323 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 39.3% were ever smokers

academic.oup.com/jncics/advance…
2,128/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 122 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8 (6.6%)

105 normal: CS=5 (4.8%)
17 severe: CS=3 (17.6%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476998/
2,129/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 105 hospitalized patients who survived, 16 were current smokers (15.2%)

Of 27 severe, 2 were current smokers (7.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,130/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 90 diagnosed with Covid-19, six were current smokers (6.7%)

Of 23 admitted to ICU and/or who died, 3 were current smokers (13%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,131/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: EC="ever and current" 🤷‍♂️; XF=ex/former

Of 28 people living with HIV infected with SARS-CoV-2, EC=4 (14.3%) & XF=5 (17.9%)

Of 13 severe, EC=2 (15.4%) % XF=1 (7.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,132/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19, four were current smokers (10.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,133/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 22 admitted to ICU with Covid-19 ARDS who survived, 2 were active smokers & 2 were former smokers (9.1% each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,134/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 5,464 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.5% were current or former smokers

Of 658 who died, 38.1% were current or former smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update (1,771)

Switzerland

Apparently 5 of them both smoked & vaped (included in both totals)

"Only 5 patients (2.5%) were briefly hospitalized but without severe complications."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,135/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 154 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 76 were smokers (49.4%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
smoking status reported separately for females & males

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,136/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 41 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with new gustatory and olfactory dysfunction, AS=8 (19.5%)

Of 10 other SARS-CoV-2-positive patients without G & OD, AS=2 (20%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,137/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 81 with suspected Covid-19, 24.7% were ever smokers

Of 28 who required invasive mechanical ventilation and/or who died, 28.6% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,138/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 90 hospitalized patients:

11 were smokers (12.2%)
11 had previously (12.2%)
2 were electronic (2.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,139/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 816 blood donors w/ no confirmed present/past infection tested for antibodies, 33% were smokers

Of 12 positive, 8.3% was a smoker

Notes:

96.1% and all + were male
not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,140/

SH=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 132 with severe Covid-19 treated with ECMO, SH=17.4%

Of 70 who died of any cause within 6 months, SH=15.7%

Not stated where patients were; 10 centres. Authors from several European countries
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,141/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of ~1,843* hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,142/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 10,569 travellers tested for SARS-CoV-2 at Incheon airport, 14.5% were current smokers

Of 360 positive, 11.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,143/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,144/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 37 hospitalized with Covid-19, eleven were current or former smokers (29.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,145/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,182 with with asymptomatic or mild to moderate COVID-19, "Only 3.1% (37/1182) of the patients were active smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,146/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 965 diagnosed with Covid-19, 10.3% were tobacco users

Of 124 with major adverse events, 9.4% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

major adverse events 👇 Image
2,147/

USA (Current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

TU=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,948 maintenance dialysis patients, TU=16.4%

Of 438 who tested positive, TU=16.4%

Of 109 who died (any cause), TU=17.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,148/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

tobacco use: C=current; P=past

Of 2,282 health care workers tested for antibodies, C=11.3% & P=1.8%

Of 100 positive, C=8% & P=1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,149/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄

Of 236,379 over age 10 with confirmed Covid-19, ND=7.2%

Of 46,302 hospitalized, ND=9.6%

Of 6,229 with encephalopathy during the illness, ND=12.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,150/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 7,102 who tested positive, 2.4% were current smokers & 12.8% were former smokers

Note: both current & former smokers were lumped into one group for outcomes

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
2,151/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 436 who tested positive but didn't require hospitalization, ES=14.9%

Of 238 symptomatic, ES=17.6%

Of 72 whose symptoms persisted for at least 4 weeks, ES=16.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,152/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 85 discharged alive from Covid-19 hospitalization, 4 were smokers (4.7%) & 48 were former smokers (56.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-142…
2,153/

Canada (current & former smoking combined was 52% in 2016)

S=current or former smoking

Of 19,568 respondents to a survey, S=48.7%

Of 8,849 tested for antibodies, S=47.4%

346 definite or possible positive: S=45.7%
166 definite positive: S=42.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,154/

Spain (adult female smoking rate was 18.6% in 2015)

Of 604 asymptomatic obstetric patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 on admission to a hospital delivery ward, 12.6% were current or ex-smokers

Of 174 positive, 12.1% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,155/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 75 with COVID-19 infection who had vascular surgery, 50.7%* were smokers

Notes:

*text says 57%
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,156/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Tobacco dependence was present in 10.5% of cases" (10)

"More than half of the participants were male and from lower socioeconomic status"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,157/

Illinois (2019 smoking=14.5%)

TU=ever tobacco use; D=daily, L=less than daily

Of 192 detained at Cook County Jail, TU=77.1%
D=62%
L=15.1%

Of 168 tested, TU=76.8%
D=60.7%
L=16.1%

Of 19 positive, TU=84.2%
D=52.6%
L=31.6%

Smoking is banned at CCJ
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,158/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 513 age 18–49 with no underlying conditions hospitalized with Covid-19:

13.7%* were current smokers
9% were former smokers
77.4% were never smokers or had unknown smoking status

*13.645

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,159/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 8,981 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 15.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,160/

NYC, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 747* with asthma who tested positive, C=10.6%* & F=30.4%*

579 presented to ED: C=10.5%* & F=30.4%*

456 hospitalized: C=10.1%* & F=31.8%*

Notes:

*calculated
Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,161/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 31 critically ill Covid-19 patients admitted to ICU, 11 were current or former smokers (35.5%)*

*42% reported; discrepancy not explained

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,162/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 658 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,163/

Kuwait (adult male daily smoking was 30.8% in 2017)

S=daily smoking

Of 525 asymptomatic male migrant supermarket workers tested for both SARS-CoV-2 & antibodies, S=39.4%

110 positive for SARS-CoV-2: S=30.9%

200 positive for antibodies: S=29%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,164/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 11 with pulmonary artery hypertension & confirmed (10) or suspected (1) Covid-19, "All patients were non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,165/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 39,039 who tested positive, 3.5% were current smokers (CS)

15,305 slum residents: CS=4.1%
23,734 non-slum residents: CS=3.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,166/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 60 with critical Covid-19 who survived, 3 were current smokers (5%)

Of 10 who progressed to a higher stage of chronic kidney disease by 3 to 6 months later, 10% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,167/

Earth

Study used data from SECURE-IBD registry from which I report updates once per month

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,168/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 24,034 tested, 50.1% were current or former smokers

Of 1,454 positive, 39.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,169/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 18 hospitalized with Covid-19, one was a current smoker (5.6%) & 6 were former smokers (33.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,170/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 109 (probably hospitalized) with Covid-19, 18.3% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,171/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)
France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2017)

Of 771* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,172/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

CPS=current or past smokers

Of ~80,436* tested for SARS-CoV-2, CPS=31.4%

Of ~4,449* hospitalized with Covid-19, CPS=26.7%

Of ~409* who died, CPS=39.8%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,173/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 444 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers & 23.9% were former smokers

Of 142 who died, 2.8% were current smokers & 21.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,174/

Missouri, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 18.7% in 2019)

Of 262 females age 13 to 45 with Covid-19, thirteen were tobacco users (5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,175/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

TA=tobacco abuse 🙄

Of 10,454 with Covid-19, TA=2.5% (2.3% reported)

Of 2,492 hospitalized, TA=3.8%

284 ICU: TA=6.3%

544 died: TA=4%

390 died in hospital: TA=4.9%
154 died elsewhere: TA=1.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,176/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 120 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=37.5%

Of 120 diagnosed with myocardial infarction, S=42.5%

Of 120 healthy controls, S=45.8%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,177/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19, four were smokers (4.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jo…
2,178/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 129 hospitalized with Covid-19, five were current smokers (3.9%) & 29 were former smokers (22.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
2,179/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 3,276 with T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 8% were current smokers & 3.4% were former smokers

Of 736 who died, 5.8% were current smokers & 13% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
2,180/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 351 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, 9.1% were current smokers

Of 202 positive, 5.9% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,181/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 197 in ICU, S=14 (7.1%)
88 with bacterial infection: S=7 (8%)

Of 129 intubated, S=8 (6.2%)
65 with VA pneumonia: S=4 (6.2%)

More details 👇

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,182/

smoking: C=current; P=previous

Of 4,486 age 40+ with Covid-19, C=9.6% & P=33.6%

Of 235 hospitalized or who died, C=4.7% & P=40%

Note: not stated where patients were; most authors from Quebec, Canada (smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% in 2018)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,183/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 73 in ICU with COVID-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, 4 were smokers (5.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,184/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 4,786 health care workers tested for antibodies, 24.4% were current smokers

Of 454 positive for IgG antibodies, 18.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,185/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

SV= smoke or vape (probably active)

Of 43 army barracks residents & connected people tested, SV=9 (20.9%)

Of 23 positive (PCR), SV=1 (4.3%)
Of 19 positive (IgG), SV=3 (15.8%)

Continued
2,185a/

Of 29 of them tested again 36 days later (IgG), SV=27.6%

Of 20 positive, SV=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: Over 300 tested; smoking/vaping status data missing for most Image
2,186/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,027 maintenance hemodialysis patients tested, 36.4% were current smokers

Of 99 positive (52 NAT, 47 antibody), 32.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,187/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 74 with severe or critical Covid-19, ten were smokers (13.5%)

Of 14 who died, 4 were smokers (28.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,188/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 49 with asnosmia & confirmed Covid-19:

"Habitual history"

cigarette=4 (8.2%)
hookah=9 (18.4%)
alcohol=5 (10.2%)
opium=3 (6.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,189/

Mexico: one other is more up-to-date

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,190/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 49,540 veterans who had surgery, C=21.9% & F=46.7%

422 tested positive before surgery: C=15.4% & F=49.1%

1,192 uninfected matched controls: C=19.9% & F=46.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,191/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 66 (probably hospitalized) with Covid-19, SH=24 (36.4%)

Of 32 intubated, SH=15 (46.9%)

Of 12 who died, SH=11 (91.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,192/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were smokers (21.7%)

Of 10 with venous thromboembolic events, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,193/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

Of 30 diagnosed with acute limb ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were smokers (10%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,194/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 248 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.9% were currently smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,195/

Mexico again

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,196/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 102* hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were smokers (9.8%)

Of 11 with thrombotic event, zero were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,197/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history"=4 times)

Of 492 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, S=29 (5.9%)

Of 36 with acute kidney injury, S=5 (13.9%)

Note: 249 tested positive, 243 negative

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,198/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 261 with Covid-19, S=11 (4.2%)

62 mild (outpatients): S=4 (6.5%)
151 severe: S=7 (4.6%)
48 critical: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,199/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 146 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals with gastrointestinal bleeding at admission to hospital, 63% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,200/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 73 w/ diabetes who were hospitalized with Covid-19, current smoking was reported in 2.9% of them

Of 111 w/o diabetes with Covid-19 in a matched* control group, CS=6.3%

*to 64 w/ diabetes

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,201/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 192 diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,202/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 54 hospitalized with Covid-19, six had a smoking history (11.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,203/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 21 w/ differentiated thyroid cancer who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, one was a prior smoker (4.8%) & (presumably) zero were current smokers

Of 8 hospitalized, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,204/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

12,677 with Covid-19 symptoms; 5,895 tested, 2,100 positive

Of ~5,342* of them, 1.5% were smokers

*calculated; not clear who "them" were

843 died; 376 who tested positive died

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,205/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 25 with acute coronary syndrome who tested positive, 8 were smokers (32%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,206/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 313 hospitalized with Covid-19, 123 were former or current smokers (39.3%)*

*table says 39.3%; text says 41.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,207/

Mexico

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,208/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

C=current smoking; F=former smoking

Of 1,482 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.9% & F=19.4%

101 died: C=5% & F=26.7%

"...in 21 states, with a concentration in the southern part of the country"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,209/

England, UK (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2018)

Of 115 with confirmed STEMI, 51.35 had a smoking history

Of 39 with Covid-19, 61.5% had a smoking history (61.6% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,210/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 630 nursing home (NH) residents age 70+ diagnosed with Covid-19, AS=2.2%

341 treated at NH: AS=1.5%
289 treated at hospital: AS=3.1%

282 died: AS=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,211/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 70 nursing home residents with Covid-19, seven were current smokers (10%)

Of 24 who died, one was a current smoker (4.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,212/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 175 with autoimmune or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2, 30.9%* were ever smokers

*30.8% reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,213/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 179 who took statins before being hospitalized with C-19, S=18.4%

Of 663 hospitalized with C-19 (statin-free) in a matched control group, S=9.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,214/

Qatar (tobacco smoking age 15+ estimated at 13.1% in 2017)

Of 589 hospitalized with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2, 11.5% were smokers

Notes:

84.7% of patients were male
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,215/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 932 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals with chronic liver disease, S=7.2%

Of 190 who died, S=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Update to 1,344

2,216/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 92 critically ill Covid-19 patients in ICU, 37% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,217/

Spain

all patients included in study in previous tweet (2,216)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,218/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018

Of 66 with persistent and/or re-emerging late symptoms of COVID after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 were smokers (3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,219/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 207 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 31.9% were current or ex-smokers

Of 40 severe, 35% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,220/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 84 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,221/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 108 who died due to Covid-19, 4.6% were smokers

Of 215 who recovered from Covid-19 in a randomly-selected control group, 14.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,222/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 1,095 with Covid-19, "159 (14.5%) said they were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,223/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19, four were active smokers (6.3%)

Of 24 admitted to ICU, one was an active smoker (4.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,224/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 69 COVID-19 patients with neurologic manifestations who underwent a brain MRI, S=6 (8.7%)

Of 25 uninfected who underwent a brain MRI, S=4 (16%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,225/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 2,086 ischemic stroke patients with confirmed Covid-19, 5.4% were smokers

Of 166,586 ischemic stroke patients (2019), 15.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,226/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 11 with confirmed (8) or highly suspected (3) Covid-19 diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage, "one was a cigarette smoker" (9.1%)

3 mild: S=1
8 severe, 5 intubated: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

the smoker 👇 Image
2,227/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (probably history)

Of 132,294 with history of heart failure hospitalized from Apr to Sept 2020, S=52.9%

Reason for hospitalization:

8,383 Covid-19: S=43.7%
123,911 other reasons: S=53.5%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,228/

Malaysia (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 5,889 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9% were active smokers

5418 mild: 9.1% were active smokers
471 severe: 7% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,229/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,043 with mild-moderate Covid-19, 12.4% had a smoking habit

0-10 cigarettes/day: 9.7%
11-20 cigarettes/day: 2.5%
>20 cigarettes/day: 0.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,230/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 106 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had a thrombotic event, 10 were smokers (9.4%) & 20 were former smokers (18.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,231/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 23 Covid-19 patients with respiratory failure, 3 were smokers (13%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,232/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 181 with Gaucher disease, HS=7 (3.9%)

Of 88 tested for SARS-CoV-2, HS=6 (6.8%)

Of 16 positive, HS=zero

Note: 181 included 31 pediatric (all no HS)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,233/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 781 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 7.7% were current cigarette smokers & 32.9% were former cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,234/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 32 head and neck cancer patients (active or previous) diagnosed with Covid-19, C=2 (6.3%) & F=18 (56.3%)

Of 20 hospitalized, C=1 (5%) & F=12 (60%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,235/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 31 deceased Covid-19 patients (25 male), "four patients were smokers and two other patients had quit smoking five and two years earlier" (12.9% & 6.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,236/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history ("current or former smokers")

Of 27 with stroke & confirmed Covid-19, SH=8 (29.6%)

18 nonsevere: HS=6 (33.3%)
9 severe: SH=2 (22.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,237/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,529 survivors discharged from hospital after hospitalization for COVID-19, 15.2% were smokers

Of 51 who died since, 35.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,238/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 2,547 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 31.6% were former smokers

Note: Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,239/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

SH="Smoke habit (current or former)"

Of 73 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had CT pulmonary angiography, SH=22 (30.1%)

Of 26 with pulmonary embolism, SH=10 (38.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,240/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 9,132 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.5%

Of 3,436 with acute kidney injury, S=25.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,241/

Spain, Uruguay, Venezuela & Argentina (current smoking age 15+ was 28.2, 22.5, ~13, & 21.4% in 2017)

Of 542 with Covid-19, 11.6% were current smokers

Note: the word "SMOKER" is the only word in the article, other than COVID, which is in all caps

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,242/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 29 (23 male) admitted to ICU with SARS CoV-2 who required a tracheostomy, 2 were smokers (6.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,243/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 11 critically ill Covid-19 patients with pneumothorax or hydrothorax, "Two males were smokers" (18.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,244/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 294 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 28.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,245/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

TH=tobacco history

Of 210 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, TH=25.7%

Of 102 admitted to ICU, TH=24.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,246/

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru & Uruguay

Of 1,611 hospitalized* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.2% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

*for any reason

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,247/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 2,005 with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, 5.6% were current tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,248/

Georgia, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 310 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were discharged alive, 10% were active tobacco users

Of 16 readmitted, 12.5% were active tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,249/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

TA=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 50 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had neurological symptoms, TA=20%

26 NS first: TA=23.1%
24 Covid first: TA=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,250/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 6,256 with diabetes or obesity hospitalized for Covid-19, thirteen were tobacco users (0.2%)

Notes:

all included had at least 6 months of insurance coverage in 2019

current/ever not specified

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,251/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 113 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were current smokers (8.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,252/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄

Of 20,008 diagnosed with Covid-19, ND=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,253/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

PS= "Positive Smoking" (no definition)

Of ~1,558* with Covid-19 who were mechanically ventilated, PS=240 (15.4%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,254/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 1,682 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers & 30.6% were ex-smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
2,255/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 6,287 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 5.9% were current smokers & 21.2% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…
2,256/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 238 still alive 4 to 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.5% were current smokers & 31.1% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
2,257/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 3,164 with pre-existing rheumatic disease and a COVID-19 diagnosis, 24.5% were ever smokers

Of 310 who died, 36.1% were ever smokers

ard.bmj.com/content/early/…
2,258/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 162 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were current smokers (6.2%)

Of 54 who died, 4 were current smokers (7.4%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,259/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; PS=previous smoking

Of 231 hospitalized patients with type 2 myocardial infarction or myocardial injury, CS=18.6% & PS=35.9%

Of 36 with Covid-19, CS=11.1% & PS=50%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
2,260/

Norway (adult current tobacco smoking was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 217 in ICU with Covid-19, four were smokers (1.8%)

Of 45 who died, 2 were smokers (4.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
2,261/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 348 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.9% were current smokers

Of 17 with acute kidney injury, 29.4% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ne…
2,262/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

SO="smoking or other drug addiction"

Of 600 with Covid-19, SO=17.7%

Of 232 with anosmia, SO=19.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,263/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 4,396 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.4% were current smokers & 8.2 to 8.8% were previous smokers

Note: error in table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,264/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 198 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 27 were smokers (13.6%)

Of 63 admitted to ICU and/or who died (any cause), 11 were smokers (17.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-165…
2,265/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 48 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had follow-up visits 6 & 12 weeks after discharge to assess if symptoms had resolved, 4 were current smokers (8.3%) & 14 were former smokers (29.2%)

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a… Image
2,266/

Spain (2017 tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2%)

smoking: A=active; F=former

Of 520 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 who had acute kidney injury, A=6.3% & F=35%

Of 501 randomly-selected controls hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 w/o AKI, A=3.8% & F=20.4%

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
2,267/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 420 with Covid-19, nine had a smoking history (2.1%)

Of 62 with gastrointestinal symptoms, zero had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,268/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 621 who tested positive, 95 were tobacco smokers (15.3%)

Unadjusted OR for death (tobacco smoking vs non):

1.01 (95% CI: 0.46 to 2.21) p=0.986

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,269/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.7% in 2019)

Of 4,739 who tested positive, 9.5% were current smokers & 10.5% were former smokers

Note: all current smokers were daily smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,270/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 34 with long Covid, 2 were current smokers (5.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,271/

Michigan

One thousand, eight hundred seventy-something hospitalized with Covid-19.

Tobacco use/smoking (treated as synonyms) astronomically high because former use obvs included (without saying so)

Too many mathematical errors to report numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,272/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 87 hospitalized with Covid-19, 54% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,273/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 114 discharged after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19, sixteen had a smoking history (14%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,274/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 171 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were smokers

Of 12 with ARDS, 8.3% was a smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,275/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 78 admitted to ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia, "Nine (11.5%) were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,276/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 83 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, four were current smokers (4.8%) & 16 were former smokers (19.3%)

Of 24 who died, zero were current smokers & 4 were former smokers (16.7%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,277/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 169 SARS-CoV-2-positive cancer patients, 9.5% were current smokers & 47.9% were ex-smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10… Image
2,278/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

smoking: A=active; X=ex

Of 97 people living with HIV with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, A=14.4% & X=17.5%

61 confirmed: A=8.2% & X=14.8%
3 radiologically diagnosed: A+X=0
33 suspected: A=27.3% & X=24.2%

Continued
2,278a/

"In contrast to previous reports however, being an active smoker and having hypertension or diabetes mellitus were not found to be significant risk factors for hospitalization"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm… Image
2,279/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 467 reporting smell or taste loss tested for antibodies, 42.4% were current or ex-smokers

Of 381 positive, 42% were current or ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-156…
2,280/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 46 hospitalized with C-19 who lived to tell about it 3 months after discharge, HS=3 (6.5%)

38 non-severe: HS=3 (7.9%*)
8 severe: HS=0

*6.5% reported, probably in error

researchsquare.com/article/rs-144…
2,281/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 22 hospitalized (non-ventilated) patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who had secondary bacterial infections, 13 had smoking habits (59.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-156…
2,282/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,442 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.3% were smokers

Of 624 with neurologic features, 13% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,283/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,033 age 70+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.2% were current smokers & 49.4% were ex-smokers

Note: error in Table 2

academic.oup.com/ageing/advance…
2,284/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 91 adult liver transplant recipients with Covid-19, S=13 (14.3%)

67 hospitalized: S=10 (14.9%)

33 severe: S=6 (18.2%)

20 died: S=4 (20%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,285/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 81 Covid-19 patients who survived for at least 6 weeks after discharge from hospital, 9 were smokers (11.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,286/

USA, UK, DE, FR, IT, ES

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 2,884 physicians, nurses or physician assistants exposed to patients with COVID-19, C=4.6% & F=14.8%

Of 568 who reported "symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of COVID-19", C=4.2% & F=15.1%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,287/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 631 Covid-19 patients in ICU who received invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy, S=17.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,288/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 323 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Only 21 (6.5%) were smokers and 302 (93.5%) were never smokers".

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,289/

Italy (male age 15+ current smoking was 27.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 43 males age 18 to 65 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=3 (7%) & F=5 (11.6%)

31 hospitalized: C=1 (3.2%) & F=4 (12.9%)

5 ICU: C=0 & F=1 (20%)

academic.oup.com/humrep/advance…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Jan 26

Of 4,735 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.8% were current smokers (CS)

Of 794 hospitalized patients, CS=4.7%

Continued

Update continued

Of 150 admitted to ICU, CS=3.3%

Of 113 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.8%

Of 80 who died, CS=5%

covidibd.org/current-data/

2,290/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current/ever; "current smoking history" appeared once)

Of 4,730 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.1% (10.2% reported)

1,194 ICU: S=12.3%

329 died: S=16.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,291/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 50 with Covid-19 (presumably hospitalized), "Most of the participants were non-smokers (86.0%)"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,292/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 104 age 60+ still alive 180 days after admitted to hospital with Covid-19, 53.8% were current or previous smokers (CPS)

60 age <75: CPS=50%
44 age 75+: CPS=59.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-150…
2,293/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 86 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13 were smokers (15.1%) & 19 were ex-smokers (22.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-148…
2,294/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 159 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had an electrocardiogram, 36.5% were current or past smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
2,295/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 625 (presumably) hospitalized with Covid-19, 25 were smokers (4%)

Of 56 with respiratory failure, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,296/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 10 Covid-19 patients in ICU with ARDS, "None of our patients were smoker or had any underlying chronic lung condition prior to the illness."

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,297/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 767 recovered or recovering Covid-19 patients, 4.3% were active smokers & 23.3% were former smokers

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,298/

China (2018 current smoking age 15+ was 26.6%)

Of 91 diagnosed w/ Covid-19, "The smoking, drinking, and BQ [betel quid] chewing rates...were 15.4, 26.4, and 7.1%, respectively. No relationship was found between severity of COVID-19 and smoking..."
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,299/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 203 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection

C=9 (4.4%) & F=61 (30%)

or

C=8 (3.9%) & F=60 (29.6%)

Note: reported numbers & percentages didn't agree

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,300/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of ~67* hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 6% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,301/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 44 who tested positive, S=19 (43.2%)

23 mild: S=0
21 moderate and severe: S=19 (90.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,302/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 333 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who had CT pulmonary angiography, S=11.7%

Of 109 with pulmonary embolism, S=12.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,303/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 132 hospitalized with Covid-19, six were smokers (4.5%)

Of 40 with acute cardiac injury, 2 were smokers (5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,304/

Virginia, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.9% in 2019)

Of 22 hospitalized Covid-19 patients diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax, 3 were smokers (13.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,305/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 145 diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke & Covid-19, 15 were active tobacco users (10.3%)

countries: USA, ES, EG, RO

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: likely overlap with study in tweet 1,335

2,306/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

TU=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 424 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, TU=11.8%

Of 51 who died, TU=9.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,307/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 100 with a history of cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, 57 were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-162…
2,308/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2017)

Of 179 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 28 were current smokers (15.6%) & 4 were former smokers (2.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-167…
2,309/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 23 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 were current smokers (8.7%) & 9 were former smokers (39.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-156…
2,310/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 125 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9 were active smokers (7.2%) & 7 were former smokers (5.6%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-191…
2,311/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 269 haemodiaysis patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 11.9% had a smoking history

Of 32 positive, 8 had a smoking history (25%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-154…
2,312/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 4,432 with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, 5.2% were smokers & 18% were ex-smokers

Countries: ES, IT, CO, AR, AO, AU, EC, CL, BR

researchsquare.com/article/rs-158…
2,313/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

S=smoking

Of 3,301 trauma hospital & rehabilitation facility employees tested (PCR & antibody), S=23.3%

Of 32 positive, S=5 (15.6%)

17 antibody only: S=2 (11.8%)
15 PCR: S=3 (20%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

👇 Image
2,314/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 457 who used renin-angiotensin system inhibitors hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were current smokers & 40% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,315/

Singapore (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.5% in 2017)

Of 534 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30 were current smokers (5.6%) & 3 were ex-smokers (0.6%)

academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-…

Probably same patients as study in tweet 1,862

2,316/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 30 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, 1 was a smoker (3.3%)

Of 22 with influenza ARDS treated with ECMO (2014-2020), 5 were smokers (22.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,317/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 192 with suspected Covid-19, 50.5% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,318/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 48 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 quarantined at home, 4 were current smokers (8.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,319/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 78 hospitalized with Covid-19 treated with supplemental oxygen, 16.7% were active smokers & 46.25 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,320/

Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

Of 36 Covid-19 patients hospitalized with hypoxemic pneumonia, 11 were current or former tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

patients in tweet 758 apparently included ("with with" 😂)

2,321/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 1,106 farmworkers tested for SARS-CoV-2 (TMA or antibody), CS=4.4% & FS=14.3%

Of 910 tested (TMA), CS=4.5% & FS=15.4%

Of 118 positive, CS=2.5% & FS=13.6%

Continued
2,321a/

Of 1,057 tested (antibodies), CS=4.5% & FS=14.6%

Of 191 positive, CS=4.2% & FS=18.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,322/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current/ever)

Of 633 healthcare workers tested for antibodies, S=21.8%

Of 115 positive, S=19.1%

Of 178 of their cohabitees tested, S=3.9%

Of 13 positive, S=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,323/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 135* diagnosed with Covid-19 who lived to tell about it 8 months later, 13 were current smokers (9.6%)

Note: *error in Table 1; could be 140

researchsquare.com/article/rs-154…
2,324/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 104 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with venous thromboembolism, S=8 (7.7%)

Of 208 hospitalized C-19 pts w/o VTE in a matched control group, S=8 (3.8%)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
2,325/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/li…

More or less an update of study in tweet 1,320

2,326/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 277 admitted to ICU with Covid-19, 40.1% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ob…
2,327/

France

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…

Same patients as study in tweet 2,247

2,328/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 6,792 with confirmed Covid-19, 20.3% were past or present smokers

Note: MSHS

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
2,329/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

S=past/current smoker

Of 568 with confirmed Covid-19, S=13.9%

36 ICU: S=22.2%
20 assisted ventilation: S=25%
14 died: S=42.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
2,330/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2017)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were current smokers (2.1%)

Of 25 admitted immediately to ICU, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,331/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 507 hospitalized w/ C-19, 79.9% were smokers (current/ever=?)

"Most of the COVID-19 patients were mild to moderate smoker while heavy and nonsmoker was less common (58.4%, 16.5%, 25%)"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,332/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 235 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.5% were smokers

Of 83 who died, 27.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,333/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)
Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 1,939 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 6.1% were current smokers & 11.7% had stopped

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,334/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 91* hospitalized for Covid-19, two were current smokers (2.2%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,335/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 153 cancer patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.6% were smokers & 24.2% were former smokers

OR death (current or former smoker vs never):
0.750 (0.295-1.906) p=0.545

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,336/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

tobacco use: C=current; F=former

Of 4,019 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7% & F=25.4%

Of 1,152 with acute kidney injury, C=6.8% & F=30.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,337/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 24 outpatients who tested highly positive for SARS-CoV-2, two were smokers (8.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
2,338/

Spain

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 79,083 individuals age 50+, S=16.1%

Of 536 with confirmed Covid-19, S=7.6%

576 deaths (all causes): S=10.4%

124 Covid-19 deaths: S=8.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

update to study in tweet 1,904
2,339/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

Of 4,666 with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, 167 were current smokers (3.6%)

Of 265 with Covid-19, eight were current smokers (3.0%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,340/

Mexico

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,341/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 66 hospitalized with Covid-19, "All cases had no history of smoking"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-176…
2,342/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 110 followed up ~6 months after reporting olfactory dysfunction from C-19, 13.6% were smokers

Of 40 w/ incomplete/no recovery from OD, 25% were smokers

not specified if current/ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
2,343/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 39 heart transplant recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 were active smokers (5.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tr…
2,344/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

smoking: A=active; X=ex

Of 504 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, A=7.5% & X=40.3%

Of 113 who died, A=2.7% & X=52.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

patients in tweets 470 & 470a included

2,345/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 725 followed up 6 to 10 weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 8% were smokers

Of 621 who tested positive for antibodies, 7.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,346/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 341 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 15.2%

Of 274 positive, CS=12.4%

Of 123 severe, CS=8.9%

Note: an extra smoker appeared in Table 2; don't know from where

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,347/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 410 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-157…
2,348/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 3,239 Covid-19 patients in ICU, 29.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,349/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 109 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia, 10 had a smoking history (9.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,350/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 25 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 were smokers (8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,351/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 455 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34 were current smokers (7.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,352/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 297 Covid-19 patients who had a chest CT scan, 8.4% were current smokers & 3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,353/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,871 with confirmed Covid-19, 37.6% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,354/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,002 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 4.8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,355/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 260 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 31.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,356/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, "four subjects were ex-smokers, and only one was a current smoker" (20% & 5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,357/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50 were current or ex-smokers (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,358/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 58 presenting to a hospital emergency department with suspected Covid-19, nine were current smokers (15.5%)

Of 17 diagnosed with Covid-19, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,359/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 286 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 28.7% were smokers

Of 157 positive, 29.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,360/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 56 hospitalized patients who had neurologic manifestation on COVID‐19 presentation, 2 were current smokers (3.6%)

Note: Queens

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
2,361/

Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland

S=smoker

Of 171* SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women hospitalized for any reason, S=6 (3.5%)

Of 56 hospitalized because of Covid-19, S=2 (3.6%)

Of ~272,483* who delivered in 2018, S=6%

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,362/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 13 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, "3 patients had current or previous smoking history" (23.1%)

Of 9 critical, zero were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-186…
2,363/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 3,042 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.8% were active smokers

Of 115 with a thrombotic event, 10.4% were active smokers

Of 626 who died, 12.6% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/europace/advan…
2,364/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 14,340 hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, 8.4% said they were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,365/

CS=current smoking

Of 5,111 hospitalized for confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, CS=5.9%

2,683 age 65+: CS=4.2%
2,428 under age 65: CS=7.8%

699 under age 45: CS=5.4%

Continued
2,365a/

FS=former smoking

Of 2,676 < age 65 hospitalized for confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, FS=10.3%

775* under age 45: FS=4.1% (total <45 was 772)

Countries:

Spain 81.6%
Italy 9.9%
Cuba 3.4%
Ecuador 3%
China 1.5%
Germany 0.5%
Canada 0.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,366/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 599 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 24 were smokers (4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,367/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

SV="Former history of smoking or vaping"

Of 12 individuals in 5 households who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, SV=1 (8.3%)

Of 8 in the same households who tested negative, SV=1 (12.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,368/

S=smoker

Of 1,649 hospitalized with acute pancreatitis, S=30.7%

Of 132 who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, S=24.2%

Note: not specified if current or ever

Ireland, Malta, Italy, Pakistan, Turkey, Lithuania & mostly UK (2019 adult smoking=14.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,369/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 350 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 36.6% were smokers

Of 55 who died, 36.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,370/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 109 hospitalized with Covid-19, six had a smoking history (5.5%)

Of 29 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at least 14 days after recovery/discharge, zero had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,371/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 19 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, "three patients had smoking history" (15.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,372/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 72 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 16 were current or former smokers (22.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,373/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

reports current smoking but numbers don't make sense

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,374/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19, "48 (51.6%) patients were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,375/

Europe (authors from IT, ES, FR, PL, DE, UK)

Of 142* with myeloproliferative neoplasms & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23.2% were current or former tobacco smokers

Of 14 with thrombosis, 14.3% were current or former tobacco smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,376/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

Of 234 in ICU with Covid-19, twelve were current or past smokers (5.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,377/

Serbia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 40.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 94 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=33 (35.1%)

Note: errors in Table III (disease severity)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,378/

Spain

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

same people as in tweet 2,338

2,379/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=current smoking

Of 1,793 w/ multiple sclerosis & confirmed or suspected C-19, S=9.3% (1,381 confirmed: S=8.3%)

224 hospitalized: S=8.5%
60 ICU: S=3.3%
55 ventilated: S=10.9%
30 died: S=6.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,380/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 63 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19 pneumonia, 2 were smokers (3.2%) & 27 were ex-smokers (42.9%)

Of 25 with pulmonary embolism, 2 were smokers (8%) & 6 were ex-smokers (24%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,381/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 223 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers

Of 132 who died, 11.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,382/

France (2018 current smoking age 18-75 was 32%)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 29 health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antibody), S=3 (10.3%)

Of 60* hospitalized with C-19, S=2 (3.3%)

30 ICU: S=2 (6.7%)

*incl. 1 hcw

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,383/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

35 selected from 318 hospitalized with Covid-19

10 non-smokers
12 ex-smokers
7 smokers
6 with mild or moderate COPD

All with no other comorbidities.

2 died; both were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,384/

India (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.2% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 114 males with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=28.1%

Of 57 healthy volunteers (mainly health care workers) in a control group, HS=21.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,385/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

Of 583 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, S=10.3%

499 mild-moderate: S=10.4%
84 severe-critically ill: S=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,386/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 407 with multiple sclerosis who responded to a survey, S=17.7%

Of 51 with confirmed (5) or suspected (46) Covid-19, S=13.7%

45 mild: S=15.6%
6 severe: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,387/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3 had a smoking habit (10.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,388/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 430 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18 were active smokers (4.2%)

Of 133 admitted directly to ICU, 5 were active smokers (3.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,389/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 364 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, 8.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,390/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 206 age 18 to 75 without underlying disease who were diagnosed with confirmed Covid-19, 12.6% were smokers

Of 24 severe, 8.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,391/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 79 hospitalized with Covid-19, three were smokers (3.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,392/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CSH=current smoking history

Of 81 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who were discharged alive, CSH=9 (11.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-203…
2,393/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 180 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 39.4% were ever smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,394/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 451 moderately ill patients hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 8.2% had a history of smoking

Of 65 who died, 7.7% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,395/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 214 adult outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31.8% were current or former smokers

Cleveland Clinic does differentiate between current & former smoking 👇

2,396/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 44 hospitalized because of Covid-19, AS=3 (6.8%) & FS=8 (18.2%)

Of 22 who needed noninvasive or invasive ventilation, AS=1 (4.5%) & FS=4 (18.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,397/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 48 Covid-19 patients who survived for at least 3 months after discharge from ICU, zero were current smokers & 23 were former smokers (47.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,398/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 272* hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.8% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,399/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,274 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,400/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 74 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, six were smokers (8.1%)

21 severe: 3 were smokers (14.3%)

Note: not stated if current or ever; all patients were either "smokers" or "never smokers"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,401/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

FCS=former/current smoking

Of 180 hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=54 (36%)

54 intubated: FCS=12 (22.2%)
59 died: FCS=14 (23.7%)

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,402/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 145 admitted to ICU for severe Covid-19, eleven were active smokers (7.6%)

Of 7 with invasive pulmonary mold infection, one was an active smoker (14.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,403/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 440* in ICU with confirmed Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,404/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 183* mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive adults, 68.9% were never smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/chemse/advance…
2,405/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: A=active; F=former

Of 130 age 75+ hospitalized with Covid-19, A=6 (4.6%) & F=30 (23.1%)

Note: Brooklyn

academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-…

Continued
2,405a/

54 mild/moderate: A=4 (7.4%) & F=12 (22.2%)
28 severe/very severe: A=0 & F=8 (28.6%)
48 critical: A=2 (4.2%) & F=10 (20.8%)
2,406/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active; X=ex

Of 379 diagnosed with Covid-19 who survived, A=6.6% & X=33.8%

222 pneumonia: A=2.3% & X=35.6%
61 ARDS: A=0 & X=55.4%
34 invasive mechanical ventilation: A=0 & X=58.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,407/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 130 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30.8% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,408/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 116 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=10 (8.6%)

27 with early deterioration of respiratory function: HS=2 (7.4%)

24 needed intensive respiratory support: HS=1 (4.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,409/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 315 diagnosed with Covid-19, "20.6 per cent (n: 65) have been smoked" & 16.8% were ex-smokers

Of 229 symptomatic after 1 month, 18.3% were current smokers & 15.7% were ex-smokers

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,410/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 23.6% had a smoking history

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/adva…
2,411/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

Of 81 with C-19 who had a CT at least 3 months after diagnosis, S=38.3%

Of 35 with residual lung findings, S=51.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,412/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 53 in ICU with Covid-19, S=4 (7.5%)

Of 11 who died, S=2 (18.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Some or all may be included in study in tweet 1,632

2,413/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 134 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were smokers (7.5%)

Of 21 who died, one was a smoker (4.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,414/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 124 with hypertension & confirmed Covid-19, nine were current smokers (7.3%) & 21 were former smokers (16.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,415/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 50 age 40 to 79 hospitalized with Covid-19, four were current or former smokers (8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,416/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 35 with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, S=1 (2.9%)

Of 146 matched controls w/o AID diagnosed with Covid-19, S=10 (6.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,417/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 330 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 20.3% were current smokers

Of 107 with cardiac injury, 19.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,418/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

TA=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 142 hospitalized with Covid-19, TA=25.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,419/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 229 hospitalized with Covid-19, thirteen were current smokers (5.7%)

Of 61 who died, 4 were current smokers (6.6%)

Note: Brooklyn

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
2,420/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 610 with Covid-19, S=18.9%

32 mild: S=43.8%
450 common: S=13.6%
95 severe: S=27.4%
33 critical: S=42.4%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ed…
2,421/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 75 who recovered from Covid-19, CS=22.7%

34 without pulmonary involvement: CS=23.5%
30 mild pneumonia: CS=26.7%
11 severe pneumonia: CS=9.1%

Continued
2,421a/

Of 44 uninfected in an age, gender & comorbidity-matched control group, CS=36.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-233…
2,422/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 149 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17 had a smoking history (11.4%)

Of 19 with myocardial injury, 4 had a smoking history (21.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,423/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 200 who died due to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 at home without medical assistance, "Chronic smoking was reported in 31 cases (15.5%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,424/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 163 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21.1%

96 with high viral load: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

probably included in study in tweet 2,338
2,425/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 445 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18% were smokers

Of 37 who died, 21.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,426/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 159 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.4% were smokers

Of 51 with pulmonary embolism, 62.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 8 times

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,427/

smoking: A=active; X=ex

England, UK (female age 18+ in 2019: A=12.1% & X=23.5%)

Of 5,328 women with Covid-19, A=9.1% & X=50.9%

644 died: A=6.2% & X=60.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Somehow they found that active smoking was associated with mortality & ex-smoking not 🤔 Image
2,428/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25,539 people with schizophrenia, S=51.6%

162 hospitalized with Covid-19: S=39.5%

22 died: S=50%

Continued
2,428a/

Of 25,539 without schizophrenia in an age & sex-matched control group, S=39.3%

76 hospitalized with Covid-19: S=30.3%

7 died: S=zero

academic.oup.com/schizophreniab…
2,429/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

S=active smoking

Of 177 who recovered from Covid-19, S=8 (4.5%)

11 asymptomatic: S=1 (9.1%)
150 outpatients: S=7 (4.7%)
16 hospitalized: S=zero

Of 21 uninfected controls, S=1 (4.8%)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
2,430/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 311 Covid-19 outpatients assessed at a 6-week follow-up, 25 were active smokers (8%)

Of the "23 patients who were most disabled by respiratory symptoms", 2 were active smokers (8.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-216…
2,431/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 106 hospitalized with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma, 24.5% were smokers

Of 22 who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 18.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,432/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 4,210 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were smokers

Of 959 who died, 4.6% were smokers

Note: mostly NYC

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,433/

Nepal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 106 Covid-19 survivors, 12 were current smokers (11.3%) & 23 were past smokers (21.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,434/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 4,172 dentists, CS=8.9%

Of 199 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=7%

Of 79 positive, CS=8.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,435/

Argentina (2017 current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9%)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 207,079 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=2% & F=2.6%

47,355 hospitalized: C=2.9% & F=6.1%

5,652 ICU: C=4.3% & F=9.1%

10,913 died: C=3.6% & F=8.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,436/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 34 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, C=3 (8.8%) & F=11 (32.4%)

Of 26 controls with mild or moderate Covid-19, C=5 (19.2%) & F=4 (15.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,437/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 279 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.3% were current smokers & 7.2% were former smokers

Of 139 severe, 10.9% were current smokers & 9.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,438/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 188 Covid-19 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU, 10 were current smokers (5.3%)*

Of 92 with ventilator-associated pneumonia, 3 were current smokers (3.3%)

*5.6% reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,439/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 132 hospitalized with Covid-19, 59.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,440/

Mexico

Data to end of November, but not enough reported to be more useful than some other studies in this thread.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm… Image
2,441/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 14,381 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.2% were current smokers

Of 1,320 who died, 15.1% were current smokers

Of 686 uninfected matched controls, 14% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,442/

France

Appears to be a subset of the patients included in study in the previous tweet (2,441)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,443/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of ~15,640* who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, HT=21.5%

Of 990 hospitalized, HT=28.6%

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

most probably included in Utah DOH data 👇

2,444/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (presumably current)

Of 778,692 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.3%

See notes in next tweet

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,444a/

Patients were 18+
Data to Sept 30

In study in tweets 1,780 & 1,780a, patients were 20+ & data to Oct 7

2,445/

Cameroon (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.6% in 2017)

Of 313 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19 (or 259 with confirmed Covid-19; it's not clear), 1% were cigarette smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,446/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 395 health care workers tested for antibodies, 18.5% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,447/

Czech Republic (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% in 2017)

Of 105 deemed Covid-19-positive & treated as outpatients, 13 were smokers (12.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-148… Image
2,448/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 973 hospitalized with Covid-19 who received anticoagulation, CS=40 (4.1%)

209 therapeutic AC: CS=4 (1.9%)
764 prophylactic AC: CS=36 (4.7%)

note: South Bronx

researchsquare.com/article/rs-242…
2,449/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

CPS=current or prior smoker

Of 310 diagnosed with Covid-19 who survived, CPS=31%

Of 64 hospitalized, CPS=39.1%

Of 57 uninfected controls, CPS=19.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-238…
2,450/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia who lived for at least 2 months after discharge from hospital, 4 were current smokers (10.5%) & 11 were former smokers (28.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-253…
2,451/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

TC=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~185* nursing home residents tested, TC=7 (3.8%*)

Of 67* positive, TC=3 (4.5%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/ageing/advance…
2,452/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 370 with confirmed Covid-19, 56 were former or current smokers (15.1%)

Of 44 severe or critical, 6 were former or current smokers (13.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,453/

Earth

S=smoking before or during pregnancy

Of 887 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.6%

Of 208 high-risk pregnancies, S=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,454/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S="smoking" (see definition)

Of 2,338 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.3%

Of 1,880,218 not hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,455/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 625* hospitalized for Covid-19, 42.2% were smokers

Of 18 with any thromboembolic event, 50% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,456/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 348,596 individuals age 15+, CS=14.4%

Of 23,844 with Covid-19, CS=15%

Of 855 with Covid-19 who died, CS=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,457/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 10 post-Covid-19 patients with persistent dyspnea, zero were smokers and 2 were former smokers (20%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,458/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 193 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19 related ARDS, 12 were current smokers (6.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,459/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

cigarette smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 3,887 health care workers tested for antibodies, C=21.7% & F=14.2%

Of 293 positive, C=11.6% & F=16.7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33619203/ Image
2,460/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoker
FS=former smoker
TU=tobacco use (not defined)

Of 12,805 tested for SARS-CoV-2:
CS=13.4%
FS=29.8%
TU=0.7%

Of 565 positive:
CS=7.1%
FS=31.0%
TU=0.4%

Continued
2,460a/

305 hospitalized:
CS=6.2%
FS=36.1%
TU=0

52 ICU:
CS=3.8%
FS=32.7%
TU=0

33 mechanically ventilated:
CS=6.1%
FS=24.2%
TU=0

44 died:
CS=4.5%
FS=54.5%
TU=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,461/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,462/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 126 health care workers with confirmed Covid-19, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,463/

Thailand (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.7% in 2017)

Of 147 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,464/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoker (current/ever not specified)

Of 128 Covid-19 patients, S=7 (5.5%)

41 general: S=4 (9.8%)
58 severe: S=3 (5.2%)
29 critical: S=0
18 died "During a median follow-up of 91 days": S=1 (5.6%)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,465/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 186 Covid-19 patients treated at a mobile cabin hospital, 23.7% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,466/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 405 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 26.7% were ex-smokers

Of 116 who died, 8.6% were current smokers & 25% were ex-smokers

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
2,467/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 4,035 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8% were present smokers & 40.8% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
2,468/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 59 with SARS-CoV-2 who had percutaneous bedside tracheostomy for prolonged respiratory failure, 5.1% were active smokers & 40.7% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,469/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,030 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.3% were current smokers & 4.1% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,470/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,433 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=8.4%

25 mild: SH=12%
1,733 moderate: SH=8.4%
635 severe: SH=8.2%
40 critical: SH=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,471/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 317 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.6% were current smokers & 16.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,472/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 846* age 75-90 who responded to a survey, S=36.4%

62 reported Covid-19 symptoms, S=43.5%

42 mild: S=33.3%
20 moderate/severe: S=65%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,473/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 552 with suspected Covid-19, AS=14.9% & FS=40%

Of 175 deemed Covid-19-positive, AS=5.7% & FS=39.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,474/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 110 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.5% were current smokers & 25.5% were former smokers

Of 47 who died, 2.1% was a current smoker & 31.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,475/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 64 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, C=1 (1.6%) & F=9 (14.1%)

Of 57 positive, C=1 (1.8%) & F=7 (12.3%)

Note: 11 positive initially tested negative

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,476/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 172 Covid-19 patients discharged alive from hospital, 11% were current smokers

In 76, time from onset to discharge was longer than 19 days: 7.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,477/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 45 with Covid-19 in 3 matched cohorts, S=3 (6.7%)

15 outpatients: S=2 (13.3%)
15 hospitalized (non-ICU): S=0
15 ICU: S=1 (6.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,478/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,846 hospitalized for severe Covid-19, S=12.5%

Of 1,168 intubated and/or who died, S=13.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,479/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 34 age 40+ with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 2 were smokers (5.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,480/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 10,699 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.4% were active smokers & 25.1% were former smokers (25.0% reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,480/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking; SC="smoking cessation"

Of 72 in ICU with Covid-19, S=6.9% & SC=19.4%

Of 10 who died, S=10% & SC=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: probable overlap with tweets 1,632 & 2,412

2,481/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S="smoking (The person him/herself or his/her roommate)"

Of 1,023 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected C-19, S=43.2%

762 confirmed: S=54.5%

Of another 12 with confirmed C-19, S=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,482/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 470 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 39.6% had a prior smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,483/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19 treated with oxygen, AS=3 (6.5%)* & FS=6 (13%)*

26 ventilated: AS=1 (3.8%) & FS=3 (11.5%)

*8 & 16% reported; not explained why
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,484/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 181 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15 were smokers (8.3%)

Of 42 with cardiac injury, 6 were smokers (14.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,485/

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,709 with Covid-19, ND=8.6%

Of 103 with acute ischemic stroke, ND=10.7%

Of 199 with AIS without Covid-19, ND=19.6%

not stated where: likely USA (2019 smoking age 18+ was 14.0%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,486/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 22 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had emergency abdominal surgery, 3 were smokers (13.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,487/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

Of 343 with confirmed Covid-19, 12.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,488/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 464 recovered Covid-19 patients recruited for a study, 30 were excluded because they were smokers (6.5%)

note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,489/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 219 who died in hospital with Covid-19, 5.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-276…
2,490/

Wisconsin & Utah, USA (adult current smoking rates were 16.1% & 9% in 2019)

Of 108 SARS-CoV-2 individuals from Utah (66 or 67) & Wisconsin (41 or 42), three were current smokers (2.8%) & 18 were former smokers (16.7%)

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
2,491/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=current or ever smoking

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=18 (4.4%)

255 age 55 or younger: S=5 (2%)
158 age over 55: S=13 (8.2%)

Note: all smokers were male (M=230 & F=183)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,492/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of ~196 diagnosed with Covid-19, "smoking exposure did not emerge as an independent risk factor....we noticed only a limited number of smokers in our group of patients (4.6%, 9 patients)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,493/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 428 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 14.3% were smokers & 28.5% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,494/

Nicaragua (daily smoking age 10+ was 9.9% in 2016)

Of 782 tested for antibodies, 13.2% were ever smokers

Of 242 positive, 11.6% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,495/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

C=current smoker; F=former smoker

Of 11,714,979 community-dwelling adults, C=19.2% & F=33.5%

Of 7,981 with Covid-19-related deaths, C=9.2% & F=59.5%

Continued

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,495a/

Note: 2.2% of total & 0.01% of deaths had missing smoking status data; counted as never

Most patients included in study in tweet 456

2,496/

Included in study in tweet 2,182. Still not stated where patients were. All authors from Quebec, Canada

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

2,497/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 401 who survived hospitalization with Covid-19, 13% were current or former smokers (S)

Recovery time

174 ≤ 3 days: S=12.1%
135 4-10 d: S=15.6%
92 >10 d: S=12% (11% reported)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,498/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 13,077 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were current smokers & 24.9% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-244…

Much overlap with study in tweet 2,480

2,499/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

ES=ever smoked

Of 4,215 with Covid-19, ES=13.8%

3,505 with pneumonia: ES=14.8%
710 without pneumonia: ES=8.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-244…
2,500/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,002 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=12.3%

Of 208 hospitalized, S=12.5%

Of 200 with persistent symptoms (long Covid), S=13%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,501/

Lithuania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.6% in 2017)

S=smoking (probably current)

Of 412 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=13.6% (12.96% reported)

Of 11 positive, S=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,502/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SRD=smoking/respiratory disease (asthma or COPD)

Of 171 with Covid-19 in ICU diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia, SRD=15.8%

Of 78 who died, SRD=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,503/

Romania (smoking rate age 15+ was 29.7% in 2016)

Of 253 tested for SARS-CoV-2, twenty were positive.

Smoking status numbers not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,504/

Italy (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 43 sexually active males age 18-65 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=7% & F=11.6%

31 hospitalized: C=3.2% & F=12.9%

5 ICU: C=zero & F=20%

academic.oup.com/humrep/advance…
2,505/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 54 mechanically ventilated with Covid-19, 20.4% were smokers

Of 93 mechanically ventilated with influenza (2018-2020), 41.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
2,506/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)
Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 81 intubated in ICU with Covid-19, 30.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,507/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 15 suffering from post-acute symptoms of COVID-19, C=zero & F=20%

Of 16 healthy controls, C=12.5% & F=25%

countries: UK, FR, PT, IN, DE, MA, CA, IE, BE

researchsquare.com/article/rs-255…
2,508/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 513 with non-critical Covid-19 treated at a medicalized hotel, 8.8% were active smokers & 13.6% were former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
2,509/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of ~25,694* with COPD who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=18%

Of ~1,250* positive, CS=9.2% (or ~1,284* positive: CS=10.9%)

Of 372 hospitalized, CS=9.7%

Continued
2,509a/

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data

"Our study excluded those with a diagnosis of asthma and less than 10 pack year smoking history and those younger than 35 years old to avoid the inclusion of asthma patients without comorbid COPD"

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,510/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,359 university students, faculty & administrative staff tested for antibodies, S=12.1%

Of 39 positive, S=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,511/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 200 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 11.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,512/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 30 with severe Covid-19, "Four patients were former smokers, whereas only one was currently smoking at the time of inclusion in the study" (13.3% & 3.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,513/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 316 young soldiers (mostly male) tested for antibodies, 39.2% were smokers

Of 129 positive, 38.8% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,514/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 142 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=28.9%

84 mild/moderate: S=26.2%
58 severe/critically ill: S=32.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,515/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 10,523 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.2% were active or former smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,516/

New Jersey, USA

Of 40 outpatients age 21 and younger who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, seven had "a history of smoking/vaping" (17.5%)

Notes:

median age 16
smoking/vaping is not a thing

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,517/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 72 age 30+ who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (non-hospitalized), 4 were ever smokers (5.6%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,518/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; P=previous

Of 210 health care workers positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=4.8% & P=28.6%

Of 630 HCWs who tested negative in a matched control group, C=4.6% & P=32.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,519/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 453 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (not hospitalized), 34.2% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,520/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 597 with confirmed (~97%) or suspected (~3%) Covid-19, 13.7% were current smokers & 21.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,521/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 560 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=36 (6.4%)

Of 72 admitted to ICU, CS=2 (2.8%)

Of 15 who died, CS=2 (13.3%)

Note: Dubai

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,522/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

Of 1,167 pregnant women tested for SARS-CoV-2, 7.3% smoked during pregnancy

Of 14 positive, zero smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,523/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, 59 were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,524/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,157 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 6.3% were current smokers

Of 83 with myocardial injury, 6.0% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,525/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (E=every day, N=not every day)

Of 3,132 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=24.8%
(E=15.5% & N=9.3%)

Of 118 positive, S=22.9% (E=11.9% & N=11.0%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
Israel

updated & peer-reviewed version (1,913)

Of 4,469 with confirmed Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

Of 592* hospitalized, 7.6% were current smokers

Of 600* hospitalized, 30% were past smokers

*calculated

academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/adv…

2,526/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 25 with Covid-19 who presented with cardiac involvement, 2 had a smoking history (8%)

academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/ad…
2,527/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 398 with mild Covid-19, eleven were current smokers (2.8%)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
2,528/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,350 community care patients with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers & 37.3% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
2,529/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 45,138 age 16+ hospitalized with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, C=8.9% & F=36.9%

38,834 age 50+: C=8.3% & F=40%
6,304 age 16-49: C=12.6% & F=15.8%

Continued
2,529a/

794 under age 16: C=2 & F=2 (0.3% each)

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
2,530/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 85 in ICU with Covid-19 treated with CPAP, 5 were current smokers (5.9%)

Of 54 who were subsequently intubated, 3 were current smokers (5.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,531/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 51 in ICU with Covid-19, eleven were current smokers (21.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,532/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized with Covid-19, three were active smokers (3.5%) & 28 were previous smokers (32.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,533/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 82 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, three were smokers (3.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,534/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 58 with asymptomatic (7) or mildly symptomatic (51) SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were smokers & 3 were ex-smokers (5.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,535/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 6,234 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, CS=12.6% & X=34.8%

Of 2,610 hospitalized and/or died (all causes), CS=11.1% & X=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,536/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 158 who recovered from confirmed Covid-19, nineteen were smokers (12%)

Note: probably current

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,537/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

F=former smoker

Of 54 SARS-CoV-2-positive with moderate‐severe respiratory failure, F=29.6%

16 died: F=43.8%

Of 11 SARS-CoV-2-negative with moderate‐severe respiratory failure, F=36.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,538/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 119 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with venous thromboembolism or who died within 8 hours of admission, 16.8% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,539/

Italy: uses same data as studies in tweets 524 & 1,524

"Current smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a dose-dependent relation."

preprints.jmir.org/preprint/27091…

2,540/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 43,673 hospitalized with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, 8.9% were smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

Of 22,436 with any complication, 8.6% were smokers & 38% were former smokers

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…
2,541/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 105 with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases who survived after hospitalization with Covid-19, three were active smokers (2.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,542/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 92* Covid-19 survivors followed up 2 months after discharge from hospital, 7 were current smokers (7.6%)

Of 25* with symptoms, 5 were current smokers (20%)

Continued
2,542a/

Of 107* Covid-19 survivors (many the same) followed up 6 months after discharge from hospital, 11 were current smokers (10.3%)

Of 26* with symptoms, 1 was a current smoker (3.8%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,543/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 92 critically ill with Covid-19, five were smokers (5.4%)

Of 38 who died within 30 days, three were smokers (7.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,544/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 110 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, seventeen were current smokers (15.5%)

assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-30129…
2,545/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking habit

Of 341 tested for antibodies, SH=25.8%

Of 41 positive, SH=17.1%

"..a slight but significant inverse correlation was found between positive subjects and smoking habits"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33682801/
2,546/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 656 who recovered from Covid-19 & were recruited for a study, 7 were excluded because they were smokers (1.1%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33666379/
2,547/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 2,056 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.1% were smokers

Of 389 who died, 4.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33661939/
2,548/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 162 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.9%* were active smokers & 42.6% were former smokers

Notes:

"only 9.7%" reported (missing data?)
Roraima

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,549/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 119 recovering from Covid-19, 12.6% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,550/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 763 hemodialysis patients, S=16.8%

Of 194 diagnosed with Covid-19 or positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR and/or antibody), S=17.5%*

*calculated

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
2,551/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

Of 294 mechanically ventilated Covid-19 patients, 42.5% were ever smokers

Of 34 with Covid-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis, 44.15 were ever smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
2,552/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 67 hospitalized patients, one was a current smoker (1.5%)

Of 30 positive for Covid-19, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,553/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,014 with confirmed Covid-19, 39.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current/ever (but it's obvious they combined former & current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,554/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 133 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 23.3% were smokers

Of 97 age 13+, 32% were smokers

Of 8 whose illnesses progressed (see below), 25% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,555/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 45 critically ill patients in ICU with Covid-19, 26.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,556/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 26 with confirmed Covid-19, three were current smokers (11.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,557/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 330 with confirmed Covid-19, S=12.4%

80 died: S=22.5%

OR (see next tweet)
2,557a/

smoking: C=current; X=ex

Of 197 with confirmed Covid-19, C=8.6% & X=13.7%

39 died: C=17.9% & X=23.1%

All was reported in the same table 🤷‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,558/

Spain

Of 4,912 prescribed hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine & 9,069 controls, 25.4% were current smokers & 16.9% were former smokers

Continued
2,558a/

280 with SARS-CoV-2 infection

OR infection
current smoker: 0.67 (0.46-0.93) p=0.03
former smoker: 1.32 (0.95-1.82) p=0.10

OR hospitalization
current smoker: 0.58 (0.29-1.16) p=0.10
former smoker: 1.23 (0.68-2.19) p=0.48

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,559/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 20 (10 male, 10 female) with preexisting chronic kidney disease diagnosed with Covid-19, "9 patients (45%) were current smokers"

Of the 9 smokers, 3 were female

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,560/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,044 with Covid-19, 15.4% were smokers

Of 1,231 random controls, 28% were smokers

Notes:

full article unavailable; will update if possible
not specified if current or ever

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33686976/ Image
2,561/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 285* hospitalized for suspected Covid-19, CS=11.2%*

182* tested positive: CS=4.4%
103* tested & deemed negative: CS=27.2%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33686557/ Image
2,562/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 135 with confirmed Covid-19, four were current smokers (3%)

Of 103 hospitalized, three were current smokers (2.9%)

Of 31 admitted to ICU, zero were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
2,563/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 456 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 7.9% were smokers

Of 46 admitted to ICU, 4.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ac…
2,564/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 22 hospitalized with Covid-19 (10 with systemic arterial hypertension, 5 with asthma & systemic arterial hypertension & 7 with no comorbidities), zero were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
2,565/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 46 who survived Covid-19 infection & were reinfected at least 90 days after initial diagnosis, one was a smoker (2.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
2,566/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 641 health care workers tested for antibodies, 17.8% were tobacco users

Of 357 positive, 14.8% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,567/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Survey of 2,000 with self-reported or confirmed Covid-19 before 15 April 2020 who survived at least until June

Current smoker prior to illness = 6.3% (weighted estimate)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,568/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

C=current smoker; P=past smoker

Of 44 cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19, C=2 (4.5%) & P=9 (20.5%)

Of 12 who died in hospital, C=zero & P=3 (25%)

Note: Anderson Cancer Center

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,569/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 13,510 veterans who tested positive (PCR or antibody), CS=16.9%

Of 3,942 hospitalized, CS=19.8%

Of 1,467 who died, CS=11.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,570/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 287 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,571/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 610 age 60+ with confirmed Covid-19, CS=3.4% & FS=15.4%

Of 323 hospitalized, CS=2.2% & FS=18.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,572/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 29 with Covid-19 with meningoencephalitis (ME), AS=13.8%

Of 150 without Covid-19 with ME, AS=19.3%

Of 290 with Covid-19 without ME, AS=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Iran (update to 2,560)

All hospitalized

Of 1,044 with Covid-19, 15.4% were smokers

Of 1,231 random controls, 28% were smokers

Of 589 who died, 19.7% were smokers

Of 295 with Covid-19 who died, 19.7% were smokers

Image
2,573/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 20 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, one was a smoker (5%)

Of 20 in ICU with non-Covid-19 ARDS, 4 were smokers (20%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…
2,574/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

Of 23 with severe Covid-19 treated with ECMO, 3 were smokers (13%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,575/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, four were current or former smokers

Note: patients with COPD or interstitial lung disease were excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,576/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 196 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers

Of 45 severely or critically ill, 6.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,577/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,905 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.1% had a smoking history

Of 228 who died, 11.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,578/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 157 hospitalized (46.5% asymptomatic) with confirmed Covid-19, 20.4% were current cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,579/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 202 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, 29.7% were smokers

Notes:

80.2% were male
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,580/

Maryland & DC, USA (2019 adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8%)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 3,470 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=10.4% & F=20.9%

946-970 progressed to severe illness and/or died within 14 days: C=8.5 to 8.7% & F=25.4 to 26%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,581/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

AS=active smoker

Of 930 frontline health care workers tested for antibodies, AS=26.9%

Of 45 positive at baseline, AS=8.9%

OR positivity (AS) 3 months later: 0.36

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,582/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 433 hospitalized for non-Covid reasons tested for SARS-CoV-2, 16.2% were smokers & 1.4% had stopped

Of 14 positive, 7.1% was a current smoker & zero had stopped

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,583/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 261 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 11.4% were current smokers & 5.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,584/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,696 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, CS=1.5% & FS=31.5%

Of 357 admitted to ICU, CS=2.5% & FS=32.8%

Note: 85.1% were age 60+

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,585/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 140 with Covid-19, nine were current smokers & nine were former smokers (6.4% each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,586/

S=history of cigarette smoking

Of 42 Covid-19 patients with T2 diabetes who had an acute ischemic stroke, S=73.8%

Of 20 healthy controls, S=23.8%

Note: not specified where; most likely Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,587/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 508 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.8% were active or past smokers

OR for 28-day in-hospital mortality = 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,588/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever; "history appeared 3 times)

Of 108 medical staff with Covid-19, S=60.2%

18 ICU: S=88.9%
5 died: S=60%

Of 661 non-medical staff with Covid-19, S=21.6%

Continued
Notes:

63.9% of medical staff were female
23.1% of non-medical staff were female

A number of studies from this one hospital have been published. All have surprisingly high smoking prevalence among Covid-19 patients.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,589/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 3,532 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but other studies from the same hospital system reported current smoking at ~5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.10…
2,590/

Mexico: included in national totals

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,591/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 266,586 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.0%

Of 8,980,919 in a comparison group who were never assessed for SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.1%

Continued
2,591a/

Of 9,722,381 in a 2019 comparison group, S=3.3%

Of 1,655,907 in yet another comparison group diagnosed with viral lower respiratory tract illness from 2017 to 2019, S=6.3%

Note: all included individuals were ages 18 to 65

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,592/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

TU=tobacco use (not specified if current/ever)

Of 41 hospitalized with Covid-19 treated with high-flow nasal oxygen outside ICU, TU=6 (14.6%*)

Of 12 who died, TU=3 (25%)

*12% reported

researchsquare.com/article/rs-285…
2,593/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 525 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 4.8% were current or ex-smokers

Of 150 admitted to ICU, 5.3% were current or ex-smokers

Note: Dubai

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,594/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 43 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 who reported olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction, 3 or 4 were former or current smokers (7% or 9.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,595/

Mexico: included in national totals

researchsquare.com/article/rs-275…
2,596/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 65 hospitalized with Covid-19-related ARDS, 7 had a "smoke history" (10.8%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-307…
2,597/

Mexico: included in national totals

academic.oup.com/biomedgerontol…
2,598/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 23 health care workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 for a second time, 10 were smokers (43.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-296…
2,599/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 319 to 323 SARS-CoV-2 infected adults who had subsequent acute ischemic stroke, 16.4 to 16.6% were smokers

Note: not clear if current or ever; current appears more likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,600/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 150 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 21 were smokers (14%)

Note: Not specified if current or ever. The question was

Are you smoking?
● Yes
● No
● Ex-smoker
● Electronic

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,601/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of ~11,547* hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Same registry 👇

2,602/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% & SLT use was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking; SLT=smokeless tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 265* tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=10.2% & SLT=4.9%

Of 56* positive, S=10.7% & SLT=1.8%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,603/

Maryland & DC, USA (2019 adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8%)

Of 1,682 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 12.4% were current smokers & 19.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,604/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 1,000 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 20.2% had a history of smoking

Note: authors contradicted themselves with number of moderate cases

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,605/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 68 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, eight had a smoking history (11.8%)

Of 23 asymptomatic health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, one had a smoking history (4.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,606/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 520 discharged alive from hospitalization with confirmed Covid-19, 5.4% were active smokers & 13.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,607/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 160 with confirmed Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 16.3% were current smokers & 23.8% were former smokers

Of 70 with dysphonia, 12.9% were current smokers & 21.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,608/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

TU=tobacco use (smoking & smokeless "tobacco"; not specified if current/ever)

Of 1,169* hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, TU=10.95%

Of 276* who died, TU=8.7%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,609/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoking; X=ex-smoking

Of 53 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5 (9.3%) & X=1 (1.9%)

Of 28 in ICU with ARDS, S=3 (10.7%) & X=1 (3.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,610/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 297 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,611/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 20 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 4 were ex or active smokers (20%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,612/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 36 with Covid-19-related pneumonia, 4 were active smokers (11.1%)

Of 5 hospitalized, zero were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,613/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 8 in ICU who tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 & MERS-CoV, seven were non-smokers & one's smoking status was unknown

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,614/

Wales, UK (age 18+ current smoking was 15.5% & vaping was 6% in 2019)

SV=smoke or vape (not specified if current or ever)

Of 196 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, SV=22.4%

Of 2,619 unmatched controls who tested negative, SV=16.1%

Note: LFT

phw.nhs.wales/news/new-study…
2,615/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 9 convalescent plasma donors, "none of them had a history of smoking"

Of 16 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients treated with convalescent plasma, "none of them had a history of smoking"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,616/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 286 with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases & acquired and genetic immunodeficiencies tested for antibodies, C=3.5% & F=20.3%

25 positive: C=0 & F=20%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,617/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=active smoking

All hospitalized:

Of 57* with SARS-CoV-2, S=7%

852* with pneumonia (2006-2008): S=25.7%

361* with acute or chronic bronchitis (2006-2008): S=34.1%

*calculated

academic.oup.com/jes/advance-ar…
2,618/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

AS=active smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 452 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, AS=5.8% & FS=18.4%

Of 69 intubated, AS=13% & FS=14.5%

Continued
2,618a/

4 months after discharge:

Of 42 with persistent neurocognitive symptoms, AS=9.5% & FS=11.9%

Of 25 with persistent respiratory symptoms, AS=4% & FS=4%

Of 15 with an abnormal CT scan, AS=6.7% & FS=6.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
2,619/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 873 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=15.7%

Of 299 severe, S=20.1%

Of 122 who died, S=29.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update (619)

Massachusetts, USA

smoking: C=current; P=past

Of 32 with cancer or a history of cancer who tested positive, C=2 (6.3%) & P=11 (34.4%)

Of 37 infected but w/o cancer in a matched group, C=1 (2.7%) & P=5 (13.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,620/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 74 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.1%

Of 28 with myocardial injury, S=3.6%

Note: people with some diseases associated with smoking were excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,621/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 31,051 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 15.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but numbers from other studies suggest that it's current

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
2,622/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 79 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation, 54 were never smokers (68.4%) & 22 were former smokers (27.8%)

Not stated whether the other 3 were smokers (3.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cr…
2,623/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of an unclear number of hospital workers with confirmed COVID‐19 infection, "76.4% had never smoked with the remaining 23.6% were ex‐smokers"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc…
2,624/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 110 with autoimmune hepatitis with confirmed Covid-19, seven were active smokers (6.4%)

North America: 30.9%
South America: 20%
Europe: 49.1%

aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/he…
2,625/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 590 in ICU with Covid-19, 9.5% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
2,626/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 40 hospitalized with pneumonia & hypoxemia associated with Covid-19, eleven were current or former smokers (27.5%)

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
2,627/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 60 with Covid-19 with past or present diagnosis of alcohol abuse disorder, S=36.7% & X=21.7%

Of 128 with Covid-19 wiothout history of AAD, S=17.2% & X=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,628/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 2,249 tested for antibodies, CS=19.1% & XS=17%

Of 109 positive, CS=9.2% & XS=20.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,629/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 99 referred to pulmonary rehabilitation after hospitalization with Covid-19, 27 were smokers or ex-smokers prior to infection (27.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,630/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 67,573 with symptomatic Covid-19, 19.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,631/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 67 Covid-19 patients in ICU with suspected bacterial co/superinfections, 4 were smokers (6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,632/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 434 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.2% were smokers & 20.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,633/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 613 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers

Of 612 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,634/

USA

Past 6-month smokers & past 6-month vapers surveyed (groups not mutually exclusive)

Smokers: 27% tested, 2% diagnosed with Covid

Vapers: 38% tested, 8% diagnosed

56% of smokers & 17% of vapers were daily users

Important data not reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,635/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=22 (18.3%)

49 mild: AS=12 (24.5%)
32 severe: AS=3 (9.4%)
39 critical: AS=7 (17.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,636/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

Of 199 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, fifteen were current smokers (7.5%)

"Nearly 10% of the cohort had a history of smoking or were current smokers"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,637/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current; P=past

Of 1,813 tested for antibodies, C=14.5% & P=15.1%

Of 472* positive, C=7.2%* & P=18%*

ORs

C: 0.35 (0.25, 0.49) p<0.001
P: 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) p=0.609

*calculated
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,638/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

S=smoker ("Smoker was defined by the use of inhaled tobacco products" 🤔 Not specified if current or ever)

Of 790 SARS-CoV-2-positive, S=8%

109 required clinical care: S=11%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,639/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 41 who died with Covid-19, two were current smokers (4.9%) & 3 were former smokers (7.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,640/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 248 in ICU with Covid-19, 21.8% had a smoking history

Of 37 with new-onset atrial fibrillation, 29.7% had a smoking history

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,641/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14% in 2019)

smoking: O=occasional; R=regular (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,468 individuals, O=4.6% & R=2.7%

Of 572 tested for SARS-CoV-2, O=6.5% & R=2.4%

Of 243 positive, O=5.3% & R=0.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,642/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 92 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were smokers (2.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-289…
2,643/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 101 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=33.7%

47 moderate: SH=40.4%
36 severe: SH=22.2%
18 critical: SH=38.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,644/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 4,776 with a history of cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, ES=45.2%

2,742 hospitalized: ES=50.5%

218 ICU: ES=51.8%
280 mechanically ventilated: ES=45%
656 died (30 d): ES=59.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,645/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 66 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=1 (1.5%) & FS=22 (33.3%)

Of 14 ICU, CS=0 & FS=4

Of 9 who died, CS=0 & FS=2 (28.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,646/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 396 who had an electrocardiogram within a year prior to being diagnosed with Covid-19, 22.5% were current smokers

Of 116 who died of any cause, 25.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,647/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CPS=current or previous smoker

Of 338 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19 & treated with non-invasive ventilation, CPS=30.5%

Of 153 intubated and/or who died, CPS=39.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,648/

Kazakhstan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 31 with diabetes mellitus hospitalized with Covid-19, S=29%

Of 123 without DM hospitalized with Covid-19 in a matched control group, S=9.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,649/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 635 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, S=24.3%

Of 195 ICU, S=25.1%

Of 82 who died, S=43.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,650/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, thirteen were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,651/

Spain: same patients. This time it's clear that the 46 were diagnosed with Covid-19.

New information: Of 8 with a serious event (not defined), zero were current smokers & 2 were ex-smokers (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,652/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,300 age 50+ with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 13.8% were current smokers & 38.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,653/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 68 exercise facility attendees, four had a history of smoking (5.9%)

Of 44 with Covid-19, three had a history of smoking (6.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,654/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 498 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.4% were current smokers & 5.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,655/

Mexico: other studies in thread have more recent data.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,656/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 42 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 26.2% had a smoking history

Of 10 in ICU, 40% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,657/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 263 hospitalized with Covid-19, 29.3% were current or former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pa…
2,658/

Nevada, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.7% in 2019)

Of 186 (probably) hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.7% were tobacco users

Of 32 who died, 31.3% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
2,659/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 703 hospitalized with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=5.4% & F=30.6%

Continued
2,659a/

Of 275 of them who responded to a questionnaire, C=1.5% & F=33.5%

Of 140 who did not feel fully recovered at least 90 days later, C=2.1% & F=33.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,660/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 51 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, three were ever smokers (5.9%)

Note: Bronx

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,661/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 31 ARDS patients who had confirmed COVID-19 & were given veno-venous ECMO, four were ever smokers (12.9%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
2,662/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 622 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10% (12.1% reported; not explained why)

Of 368 severe, S=11.7%

Of 75 who died, S=18.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,663/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 319 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.6% were current smokers & 29.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,664/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 2,398 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,665/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 4,711 respondents to a survey who thought they had or had had Covid-19, C=20.5% & F=33%

2,883 tested: C=15.1% & F=36.1%

123 positive: C=15.5% & F=40.7%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/3/e…
2,666/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)
Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 44 diagnosed w/ systemic vasculitis & COVID-19, 6.8% were current smokers & 34.1% were former smokers

18 severe: 50% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar…
2,667/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 268 with mild to moderate Covid-19, 16% were current smokers & 25.4% were former smokers

57 with persistent or worsening sense of smell or taste 12 months later: 47.4% were ever smokers
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,668/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

TBQ-COPD = smoking or COPD

Of 817 with neurological manifestations associated with confirmed Covid-19, TBQ-COPD=9.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,669/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 52 with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism, CS=17.3% & FS=17.3%

Of 16 with Covid-19, CS=25% & FS=25%

Of 4 C-19+ with PTE, CS=25% & FS=25%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,670/

Mexico: included in national statistics

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,671/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 80 with SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory failure, 6.3% were current smokers & 45% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,672/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 705* people living with HIV, 52.5% were active tobacco smokers

Of 46 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 26.1% were active tobacco users

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Comment: It shouldn't be surprising. Image
2,673/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former, P=passive 🙄

Of 2,897 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2:
C=4.2%
F=15.9%
P=0.7%

Of 468 hospitalized:
C=5.3%
F=23.5%
P=0.6%

Note: Stanford

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,674/

Italy: same patients as study in tweet 2,537

This one confirms that there were zero current smokers among those with Covid-19. However, 27.3% of uninfected were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,675/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 91 Covid-19 patients discharged alive from hospital (non-ICU), zero were current smokers & 50 were former smokers (55%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,676/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

AFS=active & former smokers

Of 45 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, AFS=28.9%

23 non-severe: AFS=17.4%
22 severe: AFS=40.9% (39.1% reported 🤷‍♂️)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,677/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 8,162 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 16.6% were smokers

Of 915 who died, 22.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,678/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 891 discharged alive from hospitalization with Covid-19, 1.8% were current smokers & 41.5% were ex-smokers

Of 288 most severe (see definition), 1% were current smokers & 33.7% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,679/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=past, P=passive 🙄

Of 7,045 tested for antibodies:
C=4.9%
F=20.2%
P=5.9%

Of 1,307 positive:
C=3.3%
F=18.7%
P=6%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
2,680/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 1,106 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=0.8% & F=0.5%

431 severely or critically ill: C=0.7% & F=0.9% (separated in supplement)

48 intubated: C=2.1% & F=2.1% (1 each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,681/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 112 hospitalized with Covid-19, nine were tobacco smokers (8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,682/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 759 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, 13.3% were smokers

Of 506 positive, 16% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance…
2,683/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,089 with inflammatory rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases and a highly suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, 9.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
2,684/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 4,677,579 people, 16.3% were current smokers & 21.8% were former smokers

Of 99,482 associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10% were current smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,685/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 26 hospital employees diagnosed with confirmed Covid-19, two were smokers (7.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,686/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.7% in 2019)

Of 211 with a prior diagnosis of heart failure who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 37% were tobacco users

OR (mortality): 2.10 (1.06, 4.15)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,687/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 2,054 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 4% were current smokers & 15.1% were previous smokers

Of 439 who died, 5% were current smokers & 18.9% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,688/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

T=tobacco (active or former)

Of 31 w/ Chagas disease hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=22.6%

Of 124 matched controls w/o CD hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2, T=28.2%

most included in 2,687

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,689/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 134 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 29.1% were current smokers

Of 31 positive, 22.6% were current smokers

Note: 85% were health care workers (81% of positives)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,690/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 2,002 hospitalized w/ suspected Covid-19, 16.6% were current smokers

Of 529* who tested positive, 6.8% were current smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
all 2,002 were tested
researchsquare.com/article/rs-332…
2,691/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 135 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (asymptomatic or mild), 11.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-318…
2,692/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 1,847 asymptomatic university employees tested, CS=16.2% & FS=22.5%

Of 221 positive (swab or serological), CS=15.4% & FS=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,693/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 32 critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,694/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,572 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.7%

Of 392* who developed acute kidney injury within 7 days of admission, S=7.9%

*calculated

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
2,695/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 43 Covid-19 patients who had CT pulmonary angiography, 3 were smokers (7%)

Of 15 with pulmonary embolism, 2 were smokers (13.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,696/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 38* Covid-19 patients with encephalopathy, 3 were smokers (7.9%)

Of 23 with microbleeds, 3 were smokers (13%)

Of 8 with ischemia, zero were smokers

*calculated
not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,697/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 25 with severe Covid-19, two were smokers (8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,698/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 80 hospitalized with Covid-19, eleven were smokers (13.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,699/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 104 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, "Only 6 patients are current smokers." (5.8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
2,700/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoking; XS=ex-smoking

Of 15,227 survey respondents, CS=5.5% & XS=38.5%

Of 446 with confirmed Covid-19, CS=7.6% & XS=37%

Of 511 deemed to have probable Covid-19 based on symptoms, CS=7.2% & XS=39.1%

Continued
2,700a/

UK (adult current vaping was ~6% in 2020)

CV=current vaping; XS=ex-vaping

Of 445 with confirmed Covid-19, CV=4.3% & XV=3.6%

Of 510 with probable Covid-19, CV=6.5% & XV=4.5%

Note: vaping for entire sample not reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,701/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 140 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, twelve were smokers (8.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever, but they compared it to Austria's 2019 daily smoking rate

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,702/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 195 hospitalized with covid-19 who responded to a patient satisfaction survey, 41% were smokers or ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,703/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active; P=prior

Of 261 hosp. w/ SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, A=5.7% & P=24.9%

56 oxygen only: A=1.8% & P=14.3%
127 CPAP: A=6.3% & P=28.3%
78 invasive mech. vent'n: A=7.7% & P=26.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,704/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 12 hospitalized with Covid pneumonia (see description), "7 of these patients were former smokers, none were active smokers" (58.3% & 0%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,705/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 25 Covid-19 patients mechanically ventilated in ICU, 2 were current smokers (8%) & 9 were former smokers (36%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,706/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

PAS=previous or active smoking

Of 311 hospitalized with Covid-19, PAS=40.8%

122 moderate: PAS=40.2%
189 severe: PAS=41.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,707/

smoking: A=active; X=ex

Of 376 with suspected Covid-19, A=22.3% & X=37.2%

Not stated where patients were, but Denmark appears probable (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Continued
2,707a/

Disease trajectory after 14 days:

166 mild: A=27.1% & X=27.7%
75 moderate: A=20% & X=38.7%
62 severe: A=16.1% & X=45.2%
73 very severe: A=19.2% & X=50.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,708/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 101 critically ill with Covid-19, seven were tobacco users (7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,709/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 50 medical school staff with Covid-19, 15 were smokers (30%)

Of 55 healthy individuals in a matched control group, 12 were smokers (21.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,710/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 21 with Covid-19, 61.9% were current smokers & 23.8% were former smokers

Of 20 with suspected Covid-19 deemed not to have it, 35% were current smokers & 45% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,711/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 15 hospitalized with Covid-19 & treated with HFNC, 26.7% were current smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,712/

US, UK, Sweden

Of 78 pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 7.6% were smokers & 16.5% were past smokers

Of 629 pregnant women with suspected infection, 5.7% were smokers & 19.2% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,713/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 216 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 22.2% were active smokers & 11.6% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,714/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 96 with Covid-19 pneumonia, "Prevalence of active smoking was 6.3%"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,715/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CFS=current/former smokers

Of 212 age 18-50 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=31.6%

33 noninvasive mechanical ventilation: CFS=33.3%

25 invasive mechanical ventilation: CFS=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,716/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 350 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,717/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=former or active smokers

Of 27 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived for at least 3 months after diagnosis, S=22.2%

16 mild to moderate: S=25%
11 severe to critical: S=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,718/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 320 hospital workers tested for suspected Covid-19, 5.6% were smokers

Of 195 positive, 10.3% were smokers (10.2% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,719/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

TU="Tobacco use (current or former smoker status)"

Of 460 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, TU=19.3% (19.4% reported)

Of 62 hospitalized, TU=21%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,720/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 29 with Covid-19 who received 2 or more chest CTs, 58.6% were smokers

Notes:

69% were female
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,721/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 28 age 65 or less previously hospitalised for interstitial pneumonia due to COVID-19, 32.1% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,722/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

smoking: A=active; F=former

Of 370 w/ Covid-19 in ICU w/ respiratory failure, A=5.1% & F=38.1%

Of 363 w/ other respiratory viral illnesses in ICU w/ resp. failure, A=15.4% & F=49.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
2,723/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 186 hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, 24.7% were current smokers

Of 12 who died, 33.3% were current smokers

Note: only current & never smokers reported; no former?

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,724/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14% in 2019)

SV=Currently smoke or vape

Of 303 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (non-hospitalized), SV=13.2% (12.7% reported)

Of 208 with post-acute sequelae ("long Covid"), SV=13% (12.2% reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,725/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 24 asymptomatic individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, five were active smokers & five had stopped (20.8% each)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,726/

Mexico: included in national totals

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,727/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 2,468 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were smokers

Of 356 ICU, 3.7% were smokers

Of 424 who died, 5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-365…
2,728/

Myanmar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2017)

Of 176 Covid-19 patients, 7.4% were current smokers

Of 41 with pneumonia, 24.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-365…
2,729/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 286 in ICU with Covid-19, 89.2% were smokers

Of 66 with venous thromboembolism, 89.4% were smokers

Notes:

Not specified if current/ever
Divided into mild, moderate & heavy smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-326… Image
2,730/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 199 diagnosed with Covid-19 & discharged from a hospital emergency department, "Smoking status was recorded in most patients and 10% were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,731/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 102 age 65 and under with Covid-19 who had a CT scan, 20.6% were smokers

Of 17 with vascular changes, 41.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,732/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

C=cigarette, E=e-cigarette, M=marijuana (all any use in past 30 days)

Of ~460* who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2:
C=5.4%
E=2.8%
M=6.8%

Of 35,557 who did not:
C=5.4%
E=2.9%
M=9.3%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,733/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SV=smoking and/or vaping history

Of 1,044 w/ congenital heart disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had presumptive C-19, SV=7.8%

967 mild: SV=7.9%
77 severe: SV=6.5%

24 died: SV=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,734/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 223 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.3% had a history of smoking

Of 70 with acute kidney injury, 17.1% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,735/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,736/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 604* hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.9% were current or former smokers

Of 357* with sever outcomes, 43.1% were current or former smokers

Note: Bronx & Westchester

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,737/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 150 hospitalized with Covid-19, twelve were current smokers (8%)

Of 31 who died, two were current smokers (6.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,738/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

S=tobacco smoker (probably ever)

Of up to 707 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=37%

Of up to 5,778 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), S=22%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
2,739/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 105 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 3.8% were active smokers & 32.4% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
2,740/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 344 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had a chest CT, S=19.5% (19.4% reported)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,741/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 163 outpatients with Covid-19, "31 of the patients (19%) were smokers"

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Mar 30

Of 5,726 positive diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.8% were current smokers (CS)

Of 891 hospitalized patients, CS=4.5%

Continued

Update continued

Of 167 admitted to ICU, CS=3.6%

Of 126 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.6%

Of 95 who died, CS=4.2%

covidibd.org/current-data/

2,742/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 50 hospitalized with confirmed/suspected SARS-CoV-2, S=8% & X=12%

21 required continuous supplemental oxygen for ≥24 hours: S=4.8% & X=19%

13 ICU: S & X=7.7% each

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,743/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 222 tested for SARS-CoV-2 & hospitalized, S=6 (2.7%)

Of 150 positive, S=1 (0.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,744/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 919 health care workers tested for antibodies, 3.6% were current smokers

Of 122 positive, 0.8% was a current smoker (3.0% reported 🤷‍♂️)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,745/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 227 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,746/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 48 with a history of coronary artery disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on admission to hospital, 16 were cigarette smokers (33.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,747/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 796 hospitalized with non-severe Covid-19, "138 patients (17.3%) had a smoking history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,748/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of ~250* hospitalized with Covid-19, 24% were ever smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,749/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.5%

80 non-severe: S=17.5%
68 severe: S=8.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,750/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 220,771 veterans with hypertension, 20.9% were current smokers & 46.7% were former smokers

Of 20,511 with Covid-19, 11.4% were current smokers & 47.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,751/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)
Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 139 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 in China (96) and Iran (43), three had a smoking history (2.2%)

Smokers: one in China, two in Iran
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,752/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

S="Current or former tobacco smoke use"

Of 47 in ICU with Covid-19, S=29.8%

Of 54 in ICU with influenza, S=61.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,753/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 55 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 43.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,754/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 102 treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation while hospitalized with Covid-19, 3% were active smokers

Note: Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,755/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 38 in respiratory ICU with Covid-19, two were current smokers (5.3%) & 16 were ex-smokers (42.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,756/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

S=smoking, Q=quit, P=passive 🙄

Of 1,568 with Covid-19:
S=5.2%
Q=32.3%
P=0.3%

Of 265 mechanically ventilated:
S=4.2%
Q=40.8%
P=0.8%

Continued
2,756a/

Of 2,705 hospitalized with Covid-19:
S=5.6%
Q=32.8%
P=0.1%

Of 392 who died:
S=4.8%
Q=43.9%
P=0

Note: not clear if there was overlap between cohorts

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33793600/
2,757/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

SD=smoking or drug abuse

Of 854 hospitalized with Covid-19, SD=11.1%

Of 118 with acute kidney injury, SD=16.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
2,758/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven were smokers (13.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-379…
2,759/

Mexico: included in national statistics

researchsquare.com/article/rs-384…
2,760/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 838 with suspected Covid-19 evaluated at hospital emergency departments, SH=8.2%

Of 193 deemed to have Covid-19, SH=5.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,761/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 39 invasively ventilated Covid-19 ARDS ICU patients who survived & were discharged home, 5.1% were current smokers & 51.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
France

Peer-reviewed version of study in tweet 1,520

New information:

Of 308 (of the 1,192) who died, 12.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,762/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 336,832 app users, C=9.8% & X=18.6%

Of 27,156 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=11.1% & X=20.8%

Of 2,021 positive, C=9.4% & X=21.6%

54,652 symptomatic untested: C=11% & X=19.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,763/

Of 20 mechanically‐ventilated COVID‐19 patients, 0 were ever smokers

Of 13 invasively‐ventilated Influenza‐ARDS patients, 6 were ever smokers (46.2%)

Not stated where; most authors from Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,764/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 155 in ICU with Covid-19, 12.9% were active smokers

Of 57 with cardiac arrhythmias, 15.8% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,765/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 100 with Covid-19 who developed venous thromboembolism, 2 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,766/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)
Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 241 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were current smokers & 37.8% were former smokers

Of 51 who died, 3.9% were current smokers & 49% were ex-smokers

Continued
2,766a/

Patients from study in tweet 412 were included. The 241 were different patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,767/

New York State & Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rates were 12.8% & 12.2% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 35 with severe or immediately life‐threatening Covid‐19, CS=1 (2.9%)

Of 61 matched controls hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=2 (3.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,768/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 120 veterans with Covid-19 treated as outpatients, 15.8% were current smokers & 44.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,769/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 6,144* w/ T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.5%

564* died: CS=13.3%

Of 6,172* matched controls w/o T2D hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=15.1%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,770/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 22 acutely ill with Covid-19, 36.4% were smokers

Of 22 acutely ill without Covid-19, 9.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,771/

UK & USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% & 14.0% in 2019)

Of 5,395 who tested positive for Covid-19, 5.4% were smokers

Of 293 hospitalized, 7.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but current appears more likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,772/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 79 household contacts of (20) individuals with Covid-19, 16.5% had a cigarette smoker in the household

Of 53 positive for SARS-CoV-2, 15.1% had a cigarette smoker in the household

Continued
2,772a/

SH=smoking history

Of the 73 with SARS-Cov-2 infection, SH=9.6%

61 adults: SH=9.8%
12 children: SH=8.3%

59 nonsevere: SH=5.1%
14 severe: SH=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,773/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 209 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10% & X=3.8%

8 asymptomatic: S+X=0
21 mild: C=9.5% & X=4.8%
180 pneumonia: C=10.6% & X=3.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,774/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 122 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, CS=2 (1.6%)

22 asymptomatic/mild: CS=1 (4.5%)
70 moderate: CS=1 (1.4%)
60 severe/critical: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,775/

Belgium, France, Italy & Spain (smoking rates were 19.4%, 32%, 23.5% & 28.2% in 2017-2019)

Of 45 who had two presumed COVID‐19 infections, 6.7% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,776/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 21.1% in 2019)

Of 542 who hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.9% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,777/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of ~9,168* who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 6.9% were tobacco users

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever
Midwest

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,778/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 896 pregnant women tested for Covid-19, 11.9% were ever smokers

Of 50 positive, 12% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,779/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 75 hospitalized with Covid-19 who underwent electroencephalography, 21.3% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Massachusetts, USA

Updated & peer reviewed (612)

TE=tobacco exposure (still no definition)

Of 2,945 tested for SARS-CoV-2 when hospitalized for labor & delivery, TE=25 (0.8%)

Of 93 positive, TE=2 (2.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,780/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 4,178 tested for antibodies, 20.4% were current smokers & 24.6% were ex-smokers

Of 363 positive, 9.9% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,781/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 113 with acute ischemic stroke, S=10.6% (10.7% reported)

Of 43 with Covid-19, S=14% (13.9% reported)

Of 70 without Covid-19, S=8.6%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,782/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 13 with Covid-19 who were intubated & mechanically ventilated & then treated with ECMO, one was a smoker (7.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/icvts/advance-…
2,783/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

ES=ever smoking

Of 215,248 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=33.8%
(1,190 with venous thromboembolism: ES=46.1%)

Of 24,964 positive, ES=26.4%
(189 with VTE: ES=30.7%)
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
2,784/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 258 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.5% were smokers (10.4% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,785/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,084 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.8% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,786/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 20 critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU who survived, 14 were current or former smokers (70%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-387…
2,787/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently current + past)

Of 478 with confirmed Covid-19, S=19%

Of 211 hospitalized, S=25.6%

Note: Not clear why current & past smoking weren't reported separately here (see next tweet)
2,787a/

Smoking: C=current, P=past

229 with hypertension: C=4.8% & P=23.1%
135 hospitalized: C=5.9% & P=27.4%

103 with diabetes: C=2.9% & P=22.3%
76 hospitalized: C=2.6% & P=25%

218 with obesity: C=4.1% & P=16.1%
118 hospitalized: C=6.8% & P=18.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,788/

Nebraska, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 4,237 meat processing facility workers diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.9% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,789/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 64 in ICU with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10 had a history of smoking (15.6%)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
2,790/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

smoking: C=current; P=past

Of 5,846 with T2 diabetes diagnosed with Covid-19, C=8.6% & P=26.4%

4,841 non-severe: C=8.7% & P=25.3%
1,005 severe: C=8.4% & P=31.7%

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…
2,791/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,830 hospitalized due to Covid-19, C=5.2% & F=26.1%

Of 666* who died, C=5.4% & F=23.7%

*apparent error in Table 2. Doesn't agree with text.

agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jg…
2,792/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 289 hospitalized* with Covid-19, S=17%

Of 39 with clinical deterioration, S=10.3%

*all positive were hospitalized, regardless of symptoms

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ce…
2,793/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 844 who survived for at least a month after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 9.7% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/br…
2,794/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 415 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 34% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,795/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 43 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICU, two were smokers (4.7%)

Of 6 who died, zero were smokers

Note: probably current

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,796/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

Of 2,338 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.7% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,797/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 21,528 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were active tobacco users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,798/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, Q=quit, P=passive 🙄

Of 3,043 with confirmed Covid-19:
C=11.7%
Q=45.4%
P=0.7%

Of 1,365 hospitalized:
C=4%
Q=31.6%
P=0.5%

Continued
2,798a/

Of 383 with severe disease:
C=3.4%
Q=37.3%
P=0.3%

Of 514 who died:
C=4.1%
Q=36.4%
P=0.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,799/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 76 hospitalized with Covid-19, eight had a smoking history (10.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,800/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking (former or current)

Of 21 who underwent embolectomy, HS=9 (42.9%)

11 with Covid-19: HS=2 (18.2%)
10 without Covid-19: HS=7 (70%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,801/

UK, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium and Germany

FCS=former/current smokers

Of 1,158 with active or a history of cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, FCS=48.3%

Of 356 who died within 30 days, FCS=52.8%

Of 431 who died within 6 months, FCS=52.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,802/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 10 hospitalized with Covid-19 who complained of dry mouth (it was the first time they had complained of dry mouth), "One of the patients was a heavy smoker" (10%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,803/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 56 diagnosed with Covid-19, twelve were current or former smokers (21.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,804/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 477 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=11.3%

Note: number of smokers in text & Table 1 didn't agree; 11.3% appears most likely

researchsquare.com/article/rs-360…
2,805/

Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)

Of 285 who were using renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors before being hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.2% were smokers & 9.1% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-345…
2,806/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 276 outpatients with recently-developed anosmia associated with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 11.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,807/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 73 African Americans with Covid-19 treated in ICU with invasive mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure who survived, 25 were tobacco smokers (34.2%)

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,808/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14 were active or former smokers (48.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,809/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,215* hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,810/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 10 with lymphoma who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, "all [were] never smokers or ex-smokers (>1 year)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,811/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 290 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22 were current smokers (7.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,812/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S="Smoking [Acute and Quit-smoker]"

Of 417 hospitalized due to Covid-19, S=5%

371 non-severe: S=4.6%
46 severe: S=8.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-362…
2,813/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 151* with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were still alive 3 months after symptom onset (see note), 7.3% were active smokers & 6% were former smokers

*Text says 146; table says 151

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note 👇 Image
2,814/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 4,040 with respiratory symptoms, 7% were smokers

Of 1,826 with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
Sinaloa

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,815/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 59 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19 who required oxygen therapy, five were current smokers (8.5%)

Of 21 with ARDS, three were current smokers (14.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,816/

Of 124 with confirmed Covid-19 (presumably hospitalized) who had thromboembolic symptoms, 57.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Not stated where; authors from Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,817/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 423* with confirmed Covid-19, 7.8% were registered as "smoker" in the electronic medical record

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,818/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 2,517 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were smokers (probably current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

OR of death 👇 Image
2,819/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,313 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.3% were smokers

Note: Results of other studies from the same health system (MSHS) suggest that current and former smoking were combined here.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,820/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 338 who were taking antihypertensive medications when they were admitted to hospital with Covid-19, 17.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,821/

Ohio, USA

Apparently the same patients as study in tweet 1,278. This time current and former smokers were lumped into one uninformative group

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,822/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 186 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, S=9.7%

93 survived: S=6.5%
93 didn't: S=12.9%

Note: age-matched case-control study

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,823/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 69 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8 (11.6%)

45 mild + moderate: S=5 (11.1%)
24 severe: S=3 (12.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,824/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 280 hospitalized with myocardial infarction, CS=41.1% & FS=18.9%

Of 36 of them infected with SARS-CoV-2, CS=25% & FS=27.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,825/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: A=actual; F=former

Of 176 non-critically ill patients hospitalized with Covid-19, A=10.8% & F=21%

Of 16 admitted to ICU, A=6.3% & F=18.8%

Of 25 who died, A=zero & F=8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
2,826/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 107 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were active smokers & 14% were former smokers

Of 15 with deep vein thrombosis, zero were active smokers & 6.7% was a former smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,827/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,911 age 50+ with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, C=8.9% & F=40%

Of 1,879 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.2% & F=41.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,828/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 2,036 men age 45+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.7% were current smokers & 33.2% had quit

Note: MSHS

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,829/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 32,831 hospitalized with severe or life-threatening Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers & 25.1% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,830/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, Q=quit

Of 279,641 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=10.8% & Q=23.9%

15,857 positive: C=6.3% & Q=23%

2,452 with genitourinary cancer tested: C=12.7% & Q=50%

120 positive: C=2.5% & Q=48.3%

Continued
2,830a/

Individuals with prostrate cancer:

4,151 tested: C=7.9% & Q=47%

228 positive: C=5.7% & Q=47.8%

148 hospitalized: C=4.1% & Q=50%

48 died: C=6.3% & Q=37.5%*

*Q line was blank in Table S4: calculated

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,831/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 499 workers in dental centres (DW) tested for antibodies, 20.7% were smokers

54 positive: 14.8% were smokers

Of 497 DW, 5.4% used electronic cigarettes
54 antibody-positive: 7.4% used electronic cigarettes

Continued
2,831a/

Of 496 DW, 8.3% used heated tobacco products
54 positive: 11.1% used heated tobacco products

Notes:

same patients, but missing data for a few
all current use
not stated whether there was any dual or triple use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,832/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), 6.5% were active smokers

Of 58 with olfactory and/or gustatory symptoms, 8.6% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33842076/
2,833/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 860 in ICU with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 4.9% were current smokers, 20.1% were former smokers & 0.1% was a vaper (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note 👇 Image
2,834/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 304 with Covid-19 who survived for a least a year after onset of symptoms, 16.8% were current smokers & 24.3% were former smokers

Of 161 with persistent symptoms, 40.4% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,835/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 4,394 individuals age 50 to 74, 9% were smokers

Of 271 diagnosed with confirmed Covid-19, 4.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
2,836/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 30 who sought medical attention for persistent symptoms attributed to COVID-19, one was an active smoker (3.3%) & 13 had a history of smoking (43.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,837/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 418 asymptomatic individuals tested for antibodies, 17.5% were smokers

Of 70 positive, 11.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,838/

Mexico: included in national totals

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,839/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 169,102 veterans who tested positive for Covid-19, 18% were current smokers & 28.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,840/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 1,204 in ICU with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16% were smokers

Of 470 who died, 14% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,841/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 839 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 4.4% were smokers

Of 72 w/ major adverse cardiovascular event who survived, 7% were smokers

Of 152 who died, 3.9% were smokers

probably current

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,842/

Serbia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 40.9% in 2017)

S=smoking

Of 127 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.4%

17 mild: S=23.5%
40 moderate: S=15%
70 severe: S=10%

Note: "The number of active smokers in the study group was low 11/127 (8.6%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,843/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 105 discharged alive from hospitalization with acute pneumonia Covid-19, twelve were current smokers (11.4%) & 44 were ex-smokers (41.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,844/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 704 with diabetes mellitus who tested positive for Covid-19, 8.4% were smokers

Note: not clear if current or ever, but current appears more likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,845/

smoker: A=active; F=former

Of 205 with chronic kidney disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, A=13.2% & F=20%

Of 70 who died, A=11.4% & F=18.6%

Almost all included were from Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Updated & peer reviewed (708)

China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 197 patients with confirmed cases, 23.4% had a history of smoking

Of 88 whose symptoms were aggravated, 30.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,846/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

AS=active smoker; XS=ex-smoker

Of 211* cancer patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, AS=15.2% & XS=37%

Of 45 positive, AS=11.1% & XS=40%

18 ICU and/or death: AS=5.6% & XS=50%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,847/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 283 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.5% were current or former smokers

Of 55 who died, 38.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,848/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19, six were smokers (20.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
2,849/

Turkey (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42% in 2017)

Of 69 males age 20 to 45 hospitalized with Covid-19, 52.2% were smokers

26 mild: 61.5% were smokers
43 severe: 46.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
2,850/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 100 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12 were smokers

44 hospitalized: 11.4% were smokers

63 matched uninfected controls: 17.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
2,851/

Minnesota, Wisconsin, Arizona & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.1%, 16.1%, 14% & 14.5% in 2019)

N="Current or prior tobacco use or vaping"

Of 367 with Covid-19, N=35.7%

Of 71 with myocardial injury, N=42%

academic.oup.com/clinchem/advan…
2,852/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

Of 69 with cancer or hematologic disorders & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.8% were current tobacco users & 43.5% were past tobacco users

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
2,853/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 80 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37.5% were smokers

Of 25 with post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis, 72% were smokers

Note: not clear if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,854/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 63 invasively mechanically ventilated with Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers

Notes:

Not sure if I got this right; it's difficult to understand
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,855/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 57 in ICU with Covid-19, 11 were smokers (19.3%*)

Of 12 who died, 33.3% were smokers

Notes:

*16% reported
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,856/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (anytime)

Of ~7,902* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=25.1%*

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Notes:

*calculated
patients in study in tweet 1,963 included
same countries

2,857/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 59,097 veterans who had elective surgery, C=21.4% & F=45.6%

Of 298 negative for SARS-CoV-2 within 30 days before surgery & positive within 30 days after surgery, C=15.1% & F=51%

Continued
2,857a/

Of 63 positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 30 days before surgery & negative within 30 days after surgery, C=27% & F=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: looks suspiciously similar to study in tweet 2,190

2,858/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 2,404 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=7%

1,662 moderate: HS=6.9%
742 severe: HS=7.1%
120 with disease progression (see definition): HS=9.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,859/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 5,161 middle-aged university graduates, C=21.6% & F=27.9%

Of 122 who said they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=20.5% & F=27%

Note: health professionals excluded
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,860/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 424 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.4% had a smoking history

Of 37 with severe or critical illness and/or who died, 18.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,861/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 367 with Covid-19 pneumonia, 6.8% had a smoking history (SH)

207 moderate: SH=5.8%
160 severe: SH=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,862/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 11 hospitalized with critical COVID-19 treated with high-dose steroids, zero were active smokers & 6 were former smokers (54.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,863/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 335 hospitalized to give birth who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=8 (2.4%) & E=20 (6%)

Of 56 positive, C=1 & E=1 (1.8% each)

Note: Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,864/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 60 in ICU with Covid-19 who survived, 3 were current smokers (5%) & 11 were ex-smokers (18.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,865/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 47 with rheumatic disease who tested positive, 4 were smokers (8.5%)

9 severe: zero were smokers

Notes:

87.2% were female
not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,866/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 93 with critical Covid-19, nine were smokers (9.7%)

Of 46 who died, 6 were smokers (13%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,867/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

SV=current smoker or vaper

Of 832 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, SV=19%

Of 77 positive, SV=9.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,868/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current/ever)

Of 218 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7 (3.2%)

126 moderate: S=5 (4%)
40 severe: S=2 (5%)
52 critical: S=0

43 w/ bacterial infection: S=1 (2.3%)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,869/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 330,198 death certificates which had COVID-19 listed in Part I of death certificate and at least one other diagnosis listed, 5.0% listed tobacco use as a significant contributing condition

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
2,870/

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay

Of 2,211 hospitalized for Covid-19, 19.9% or 20.7% reported a history of tobacco use

Note: reported twice with different numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,871/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 351 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 16.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,872/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 811 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.6%

Of 328 in ICU, S=4.9%

Of 166 who died, S=7.2%

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
QC, ON, MB, AB, BC
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,873/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

CCS=current cigarette smoker

Of 97 with confirmed & suspected Covid-19 treated with virtual care visits at home, CCS=5 (5.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: all in 1,953 apparently included

2,874/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S="reported smoking cigarettes" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 260 asylum seekers living at a reception centre in Finland tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=27.3%

Of 96 positive, S=28.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,875/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 428 who recovered from Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers

Of 423 of them:
5.7% cigarettes
4.7% hookah
2.8% both

Note: authors were detailed; worth reading whole study

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,876/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 79 with severe to critical Covid-19 who were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 6 were smokers (7.6%)

Of 40 with thrombosis, 3 were smokers (7.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,877/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 113 with COVID-19 requiring ICU treatment, 19 were current smokers (16.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,878/

Philippines (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.7% in 2017)

Of 119 chronic hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, 84.9% were non-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,879/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CFS=Current and former smokers

Of 65 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with pneumonia, CFS=10.8%

49 nonsevere: CFS=6.1%
16 severe: CFS=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,880/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 157 with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder who were taking antipsychotic medication within 3 months before confirmed Covid-19 infection, 68.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note 👇 Image
2,881/

Mexico: included in national totals

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,882/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 302 Covid-19 patients treated with ECMO in ICU, 11 were active smokers (3.6%)

Of 164 who died, 9 were active smokers (5.5%)

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
2,883/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 379 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.2% were current tobacco users & 12.1% were past tobacco users

Note: error in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,884/

Quebec, Canada (smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% in 2018)

Of 23 age 18 to 59 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, one was a current smoker (3.8%)* & 6 were former smokers (23.1%)*

*8% & 26% reported; not explained why

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note 👇 Image
2,885/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=active smoking

Of 418 symptomatic outpatients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=11%

223 w/ symptoms 3 months later: S=13.5%

Of 89 symptomatic OPs who tested negative, S=30.3%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,886/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker; F=former smoker

Of 128 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.3% & F=18%

Of 115 hospitalized S=5.2% & F=16.5%

Of 47 severe, S=6.4% & F=23.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,887/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 73 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, five were ex- or current smokers (6.8%)

Of 20 who died, one was an ex- or current smoker (5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,888/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 24,788 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2,888 were current or former smokers (11.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,889/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 160 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.6% were current smokers

Of 54 in ICU, 5.6% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,890/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoke history

Of 333 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=8.2%

Of 65 with ARDS, SH=10.8%

Of 20 intubated, SH=10%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-397…
2,891/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 163 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 23.9% were smokers

Of 56 who died, 23.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-435…
2,892/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 2,581 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers & 18.2% were former smokers

Of 110 with smell or taste loss, 5.5% were current smokers & 12.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,893/

Morocco (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.2% in 2017)

Of 84 in ICU with Covid-19 who had cardiovascular injuries, 9 were active smokers (10.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,894/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 302 people with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.6% were current smokers & 15.2% were former smokers

Note: 70.9% were female

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,895/

Belgium (6-month follow-up to some patients in study in tweet 1,826)

SH=smoking history

Of 79 with severe Covid-19, SH=29.1%

Of 39 with "restrictive pulmonary function" 6 months after diagnosis, SH=23.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

2,896/

Libya (adult smoking rate was ~12.6% in 2015)

Of 1,207 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.4% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,897/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: A=active; F=former

Of ~86 in ICU with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, A=~3.5% & F=~10.5%

Of ~20 with pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, A=4.8% & F=10.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,898/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 10,216 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, CS=3.9% & FS=9%

1,150 hospitalized within 14 days: CS=2.5% & FS=16.9%

188 who died within 14 days: CS=1.6% & FS=25%

Continued
2,898a/

Note: Worth reading entire paper. Smoking was the focus of this study.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,899/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 3,008 apparently hospitalized with Covid-19, "Fifty cases (1.7%) were a smoker, and 70 cases (2.3%) were addicted to drugs"

Of 373 who died, smoker=4 (1.1%) & drugs=7 (1.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,900/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 698 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=17.5%

234 mild: SH=19.7%
212 moderate: SH=14.6%
169 severe: SH=21.3%
83 died: SH=10.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

OR for death 👇 Image
2,901/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 403 hospitalized with Covid-19, CXS=21.6%

Of 25 with ARDS, admitted to ICU and/or who died, CXS=20%

Note: Abu Dhabi

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,902/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, H=history

Of up to 230 with STEMI & Covid-19, C=15% & H=44%

Of 460 matched controls with STEMI (2015-19), C=37.6% & H=59.3%

Continued
2,902a/

Of up to 495 with STEMI & suspected Covid-19 who tested negative, C=38% & H=62%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,898b/

I missed something big in the Texas study 🤦‍♂️

V="Smokeless cigarette (Vape)"

Of 9,072 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2

Current V=1.7% (smoking: 12% current, 15.8% former & 72.2% never 🤨)

Former V=2.3% (10.4% current, 56% former, 33.5% never)
Image
2,898c/ Image
2,903/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,160 with hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers & 33% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/fc…
2,904/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 250 with thyroid cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.4% were current smokers

Of 264 matched controls without thyroid cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.2% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ce…
2,905/

Italy

Findings are confusing & contradictory. Will update if I can ever make sense of them.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
2,906/

Earth: study of a subset of people in SECURE-IBD registry

academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/advan…

2,907/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 244 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.8% had a history of smoking

Of 13 with secondary pulmonary infections, 15.4% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,908/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 442 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, SH=14.5%

All tested for SARS-CoV-2

326 positive: SH=14.4%
116 negative: SH=14.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,909/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoker: C=current; X=ex

Of 402 with a high probability of COVID-19, C=14.2% & X=32.6%

All tested for SARS-CoV-2

271 positive: C=7.7% & X=35.8%
131 negative: C=27.5% & X=26%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,910/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,716 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.8% were current smokers & 43% were former smokers

Note: figures for mortality are included, but with missing values imputed; not reporting here

Continued
2,910a/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 478 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers & 5.4% were former smokers

Of 41 who died, 4.9% were current smokers & 7.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,911/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 28 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 3.6% was a smoker (3.5% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,912/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 15 critical Covid-19 patients mechanically ventilated in ICU, 80% had a smoking history

Note: 86.7% were male

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,913/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were current smokers (6.9%) & 18 were previous smokers (62.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,914/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 97 hospitalized with Covid-19, 40 were smokers (41.2%)

Note: includes cigarettes, shisha, e-cigarettes

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij… Image
2,915/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 52 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, four were smokers (7.7%)

Of 52 matched controls hospitalized with mild Covid-19, three were smokers (5.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
2,916/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 18,508 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 7.9%* were current tobacco users

*7.3% reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,917/

Connecticut, USA

National Guard volunteers tested for antibodies. Raw numbers not reported.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

"Significant association of SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity was...not [observed] with...tobacco use, vaping or alcohol consumption/frequency"

ORs 👇 Image
2,918/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,822 with Covid-19, 5.5% were smokers & 24.5% had quit

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,919/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 4,167 age 40+ with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=6.7% & X=14.8%

Of 20,937 matched controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=13.9% & X=13.7%

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar… Image
2,920/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 9.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 31 people experiencing homelessness who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=32.3% & F=0

Of 83 people not experiencing homelessness who tested positive, C=4.8% & F=9.6%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,921/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 360 with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.4% were active smokers (AS)

140 diagnosed with Covid-19: AS=4.3%
220 not Covid-19: AS=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,922/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 1,035 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were smokers (0.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,923/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 106* with Covid-19, S=19.8%

11* mild: S=18.2%
36* moderate: S=13.9%
59 severe: S=23.7%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,924/

United Arab Emirates (2017 current smoking age 15+ was 14.8%)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 8,806 people living in households tested for antibodies, C=10.8% & P=3.7%

~981* positive (1st test): C=12.1%* & P=5.8%*

~909* positive (2 tests): C=10.3%* & P=6.1%*

Continued
2,924a/

Of 4,854 people (mostly male) living in labour camps tested for antibodies, C=20.9% & P=8%

~3,583* positive (1st test): C=18.7%* & P=8.3%*

~3,327* positive (2 tests): C=17.6%* & P=8.2%*

Notes:

*calculated
Abu Dhabi

academic.oup.com/ije/advance-ar… Image
2,925/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 79 hospitalized with Covid-19, 60.8% were active smokers & 2.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,926/

Italy (male age 15+ current smoking was 27.3% in 2017)

Of 25 males hospitalized with Covid-19, 48% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,927/

Mexico: included in national totals

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,928/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 302 discharged alive after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were active smokers & 36.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,929/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 42 with confirmed Covid-19, "Twenty-four patients (57.1%) had a history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,930/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 490 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.1% were current smokers & 13.1% were former smokers

Of 18 who developed ARDS, 44.4% were current smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10…
2,931/

Washington State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2019)

Of up to 153 with Covid-19, up to fourteen were hospitalized

"Of the admitted patients, 46% were current or former smokers compared with 26% of the Home Recovery (p = 0.11)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,932/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 18 with Covid-19 who were treated at home, 11.1% had a smoking habit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

However 👇 Image
2,933/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 58 non-hematological cancer patients with confirmed COVID-19, three were active smokers (5.2%) & 28 were former smokers (48.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,934/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Tobacco use: P=present, F=former

Of 959 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, P=10% & F=22.7%

Of 273 critically ill, P=9.2% & F=29.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,935/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 56 who were taking clozapine when they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 48.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever (current appears more likely)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,936/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 40 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 7 were smokers (17.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,937/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 104 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.1% had a prior history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-447…
2,938/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 46 STEMI patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.5% were smokers

Of 130 STEMI patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30% were smokers (29.2% reported)

not specified if current/ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-443…
2,939/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 49 Covid-19 patients who presented with an acute cardiovascular event, 10 were smokers (20.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ehjacc/article…
2,940/

USA

Cleveland Clinic data included in other studies in this thread.

Here, current & former smoking were lumped into one uninformative group, even though CC's registry reports them separately.

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
2,941/

UK

Not going to bother with this one. If anyone's interested, it's a survey of suspected Covid among smokers, vapers & dual users.

The fact that they didn't report confirmed cases, even though they apparently had that information, is suspicious.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,942/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 57 who tested positive for antibodies, 10 were current smokers (17.5%) & 13 were previous smokers (22.8%)

Note: 46 were health care workers. All 10 current smokers were HCWs

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,943/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019 & adult current vaping was ~6% in 2020)

Of 284 with highly-probable or confirmed COVID-19:

11.6% were current smokers
18% were ex-smokers
2.8% were current vapers (1 never & 7 ex-smokers)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,944/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 117 Covid-19 survivors, 16.9% were smokers

Of 144 matched controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,945/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,424 diagnosed with Covid-19, 29% were ever smokers (ES)

Of ~2881* hospitalized, ES=33%

Tool would be better if current & former smoking were separate. MSHS has that info

*calculated
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,946/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 317 hospitalized with non-critical Covid-19, 40.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-433…
2,947/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 331 with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19, 13.6% were current smokers

Of 34 who developed pneumonia, 14.7% were current smokers

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,948/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=cigarette smoker (not specified...)

Of 562 in ICU with Covid-19, S=10%

Of 252 w/ acute VTE, arterial thrombosis, treatment with ECMO, and/or who died (all-cause) within 30 days, S=9.1%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

Of 77 with symptomatic Covid-19, four were active smokers (5.2%)

Of 61 with symptomatic dengue & without Covid-19, twelve were active smokers (19.7%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33901185/
2,949/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 811 hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, 31.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
2,950/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 152 with Covid-19 & myocardial infarction, 34.9% were prior or current smokers

Of 36 who died, 30.6% were prior or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cc…
2,951/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 36,215 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers & 19.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,952/

Mali (current smoking age 15+ was 12% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,500 individuals tested for antibodies twice from Jun 2020 to Jan 2021, S=2.8%

Of 881 positive at least once, S=2.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,953/

Nicaragua (daily smoking age 10+ was 9.9% in 2016)

Of 157 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 11.5% were smokers

Of 60 positive, 8.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,954/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 72 hospitalized with Covid-19, two had a smoking history (2.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,955/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 110 randomly-selected health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, FCS=22.7%

Of 113 randomly-selected HCWs who tested negative, FCS=18.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-445…
2,956/

Mexico: included in national totals

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
2,957/

Sweden (adult female smoking rate was 11.5% in ~2017)

Of 85,124 pregnant women, 3.6% were smokers

Of 2,256 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 2.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "smoking in pregnancy" appeared once

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
2,958/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoker: C=current ; X=ex

Of 6,863,102 individuals age 20+, C=17.2% & X=23.5%

Of 13,469 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.7% & X=35.6%

1,597 ICU: C=6.8% & X=35.2%

5,449 died: C=6.5% & X=40.8%

Continued
2,958a/

smoking: L=light, M=moderate, H=heavy

6,863,102 individuals:
L=13.2%
M=2.7%
H=1.3%

13,469 hospitalized:
L=6.1%
M=0.9%
H=0.7%

1,597 ICU:
L=5.3%
M=0.6%
H=0.9%

5,549 died:
L=5%
M=0.7%
H=0.7%

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
2,959/

France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, UK

smoking: C=current; F=former

Of 2,587 with an immune-mediated inflammatory disease, C=18.7% & F=27.3%

Of 121 positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=9.1% & F=30.6%

Of 95 with symptomatic Covid-19, C=9.5% & F=38.9%
thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
2,960/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 50 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, ten were smokers (20%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,961/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 1,361 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15% were active smokers & 18.8% were ex-smokers

Of 50 who died, 8% were active smokers & 46% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,962/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 289 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven had a smoking history (2.4%)

Of 92 severe, 5 had a smoking history (5.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,963/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=current tobacco use

Of ~28,831* with suspected Covid-19, T=17.7%

Of ~12,417* tested, T=15.7%*

Of ~7,248* positive, T=10.9%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs for clinical worsening 👇 Image
2,964/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 83 with Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers & 33.7% were former smokers

Of 91 unmatched controls without Covid-19, 17.6% were current smokers & 39.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,965/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 763 discharged (alive) Covid-19 patients, 14.9% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
2,966/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 501 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.8% had a smoking habit

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,967/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 356 hospitalized with Covid-19, "52% of the patients had a smoking history, without a difference between the severe and nonsevere illness groups"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,968/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 83 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome, HS=11 (13.3%)

Of 67 critical, HS=8 (11.9%)*

*15.7% reported; unclear why

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,969/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 521 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4% reported a history of cigarette smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,970/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoking: A=active; P=previous

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had a CT scan at admission & again 3 months later, A=7.7% & P=30.8%

Of 8 with no CT improvement, A=12.5% & P=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,971/

Mexico: included in national totals

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,972/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 11 critically ill COVID-19 patients with extubation or terminal weaning, 4 were smokers (36.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,973/

India (2017 current smoking age 15+ was 11.9%)

Of 100 hospitalized w/ C-19, "There were 24% smokers, 14% alcoholics, and 9% both smokers and alcoholics, and among alcoholics, all were occasionally alcoholic none of them was addicted to alcohol."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,974/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.2% in 2019)

T=current tobacco use

Of 15 who recovered after being hospitalized with Covid-19, T=2 (13.3%)

7 ICU, T=1 (14.3%)

3 intubated: T=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,975/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CS=current smoking; FS=former smoking

Of 90 with lymphoma hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5 (5.6%) & FS=31 (34.4%)

Continued
2,975a/

30 days later:

20 had died: CS=1 (5%) & FS=9 (45%)
27 still in hospital: CS=1 (3.7%) & FS=9 (33.3%)
43 discharged alive: CS=3 (7%) % FS=13 (30.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aj…

patients in tweet 1,453 apparently included

2,976/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=current or former smoker

Of 25 with Parkinson's disease hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=20%

15 died: S=26.7%

Of 11 with PD hospitalized w/o SARS-CoV-2, S=36.4%

1 died, S=1

…mentdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/md…
2,977/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=current or recent tobacco use

Of 274 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, T=22.6%

Of 79 hospitalized, T=34.2%

Of 29 who died, T=4.8% (doesn't work out to whole number)

Note: New England
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,978/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,744 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,979/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 952 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were current smokers & 30.1% were ex-smokers

Of ~366 with acute kidney injury, 4.9% were current smokers & 33.7% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-438…
2,980/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 20 international travelers diagnosed as asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 at two airport quarantine stations in Tokyo, 2 were current smokers (10%) & 6 were ex-smokers (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,981/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 209 recovered Covid-19 patients, 22.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,982/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 112 with Covid-19 & deep venous thrombosis, 7.1% were active smokers

Of 336 randomly-selected controls with Covid-19 but without DVT, 6.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,983/

England, UK

Numbers do not add up. Even if they did, the number of smokers was reported twice with different numbers.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,984/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 41 with multiple sclerosis & confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, two were smokers (4.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,985/

Macau, China (adult smoking rate was ~14.4% in 2013)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 24 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.3% & X=12.5%

Of 1,137 without Covid-19 who were quarantined after traveling to a high-risk country, C=11.6% & X=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,986/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 111 mild COVID-19 patients discharged from a hospital emergency department, 12 were active smokers (10.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,987/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=Smoker (current or former)

Of 510* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=25.7%

Of 179* with respiratory failure, S=35.8%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,988/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 12 COVID-19 patients suffering acute respiratory failure with severe hypoxemia admitted to ICU, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,989/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 87 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8% were active smokers & 43.7% were former smokers

Of 50 in ICU, 10% were active smokers & 42% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ct…
2,990/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

S=current or recent smoking

Of 3,171 non-hospitalized Covid-19 patients, S=9.1%

Of 2,177 who had one or more outpatient visits 28 to 180 days after diagnosis, S=10.3%

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
2,991/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 413 with severe Covid-19, 4.8% had a smoking history

Of 218 who died, 2.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,992/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 143 who developed kidney disease when hospitalized with Covid-19 & were discharged alive, S=6.3%

Recovered from KD ~4 months later?
130 yes: S=5.4%
13 no: S=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,993/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 75 who recovered from the acute phase of Covid-19, 18.7% were current smokers & 16% were ex-smokers

Of 41 with reduced exercise capacity, 24.4% were current smokers & 7.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,994/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

ES=ever smokers

Of 75 who recovered from Covid-19:

Unstated number of mild/moderate: ES=37%
Unstated number of severe/critical: ES=56%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2,995/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified...)

Of 192 mechanically ventilated Covid-19 ARDS patients, T=37.5%

Of 192 mechanically ventilated ARDS patients (2013-2018) in a matched control group, T=55.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Apr 27

Of 5,959 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.8% were current smokers (CS)

Of 915 hospitalized, CS=4.6%

Continued

Update continued

Of 169 admitted to ICU, CS=3.6%

Of 130 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.5%

Of 97 who died, CS=4.1%

covidibd.org/current-data/

2,996/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 141 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.6% were smokers

Of 18 who died, 11.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,997/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

S=current smoker (tobacco)
V=current vaper (nicotine or cannabis)

Of 284 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=7.2% & V=6.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,998/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14% in 2019)

Of 50 in ICU with Covid-19, 16% had a smoking history

Of 6* in ICU without Covid-19, 16.7% had a smoking history (16% reported)

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2,999/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 125 w/ allergic rhinitis , C=19.2% & F=14.4%

Of 125 matched SARS-CoV-2-positive controls w/o allergic rhinitis, C=20.8% & F=5.6%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
3,000/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 20,736 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,001/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of ~8,577* nursing home residents tested for antibodies, CS=5.2%

~5,000 tested positive: OR (CS): 0.84 (0.70-1.02), p=0.08

Continued
3,001a/

Of ~10,347* nursing home staff tested for antibodies, CS=32.3%

~3,000 tested positive: OR (CS): 0.21 (0.19-0.23), p<0.001

*calculated due to missing data

academic.oup.com/ageing/advance…
3,002/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 396 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR and/or antibody), 10.1% were active or previous smokers

Of 166 positive, 4.2% were active or previous smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,003/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 261 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.6% were current smokers & 13% were ex-smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33946978/
3,004/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 664 who recovered from Covid-19, 199 were smokers (30%)

Of the 199 smokers, 27.1% reduced smoking & 18.1% quit after recovery Image
3,005/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker (current)

Of 1,781 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=10.2%

Of 1,195 hospitalized, S=8.7%

Of 152 admitted to ICU, S=5.9%

Of 400 who died, S=7.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ir…

Note: North East London Image
3,006/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

13,045 tested for antibodies

12,958 with smoking data
regular=14.1%
occasional=5.3%
previous=30.9%

254 positive:
regular=7.9%*
occasional=5.9%*
previous=33.1%*

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs (pos.) Image
3,007/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of ~1,654* hospitalized with Covid-19, 39% were ever smokers

Of ~295* who died, 44% were ever smokers

Notes:

*calculated

data on ever vaping was apparently collected, but not reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,008/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 89 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 30.3% were smokers

Of 40 isolated at home, 23.3% were smokers
Of 46 isolated in hospital, 37% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,009/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

of 125 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.4% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,010/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 8,806 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, 26.1% were documented as "Following bad habits (chronic smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,011/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=active or former smoking

Of 314 positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=22.9%

Genomic load:
107 low: S=20.2%
103 intermediate: S=29.1%
104 high: S=20.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction

Peer-reviewed: smoking numbers are very different

London, UK

Of 35 patients with persistent post-Covid interstitial lung disease, 60% were ever smokers (34.2% reported)

Or not. Error in Table 1 🤷‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,012/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 21 critically ill with Covid-19 admitted to ICU, "One (4.8%) patient was documented to be a former smoker"

Current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,013/

Mexico: included in national totals

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,014/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former/current

Of ~825* hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.8% & F=23.6%

Of ~333* severe, C=5.4% & F=26.9%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,015/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 427* SARS-CoV-2–infected adults with subsequent stroke, 15.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,016/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 22 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, "Smoking history was common (59%), although only one patient was a current smoker" (4.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,017/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 541 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were smokers

Of 89 who died, 8.9% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
74.1% were male

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,018/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 61 with asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.6% were active smokers

Of 121 matched controls without asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were active smokers (7.3% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,019/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,169 with Covid-19, 72.3% were never smokers

Note: Midwest (Mayo)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,020/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 608 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 5.8% were active smokers & 21.7%* were previous smokers

127 died: 4.7% were active smokers & 29.1% were previous smokers

*27.7% reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,021/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 142 with Covid-19, 10.6% had a smoking history

Of 32 with secondary pulmonary infection, 15.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,022/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 44 with pneumonia diagnosed with COVID-19, CS=54.5%

23 mild-moderate: CS=52.2%
15 severe: CS=40%
6 critical: CS=100%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,023/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 133 diagnosed* with Covid-19 & admitted to ICU, 16.5% were smokers

Of 77 who died, 19.5% were smokers

Notes:

*53 tested negative
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,024/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 254 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,025/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 25 with inflammatory bowel disease & Covid-19, two were smokers (8%)

Notes:

Not stated where. I can't even say where the authors are because it's unsigned

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,026/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 929 hospitalized who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 4.3% were current smokers

Note: Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,027/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 159 with Covid-19, 7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,028/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

T=tobacco (active or former)

Of 8 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, T=25%

Of 40 randomly selected controls with Covid-19 ARDS not treated with ECMO, T=25%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,029/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=active or passive smoking

Of 92 with Covid-19, S=12%

34 adults with mild disease: S=5.9%
33 adults with severe disease: S=18.2%
25 children with mild disease: S=12%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-424…
3,030/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 134 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, 12.7% were smokers & 24.6% were ex-smokers

Of 27 positive, 7.4% were smokers & 22.2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-496…
3,031/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 8,197 university students & staff tested for antibodies, 697 positive

Positivity: 5.2% for current smokers vs 8.6% for non-smokers; OR 0.57 (95% CI: 0.42-0.79)

Raw numbers not reported
researchsquare.com/article/rs-489…
3,032/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 967 age 18 to 39 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=4% & F=4.9%

Of 39 who died, A=5.1% & F=7.7%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…

🙄 Image
3,033/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 43,585 hospitalized with confirmed or highly suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.8% were current smokers & 35.5% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
3,034/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 468 with Covid-19, 5.6% had a smoking history & 1.1% had an opium history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,035/

Ohio (& maybe Florida), USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 302 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals, 31.5% had any smoking history

Note: Cleveland Clinic

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,036/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 685 with suspected Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,037/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 706 pregnant women with confirmed (656) or suspected (50) Covid-19, 2.9% smoked during pregnancy

Of 1,424 pregnant matched controls without Covid-19, 3.8% smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,038/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 6,857 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=15.5% & F=21.3%

Of 1,691 positive, C=9.5% & F=24.1%

156 asymptomatic: C=7.7% & F=17.3%
1,049 mild: C=12.1% & F=21.5%
486 severe: C=4.3% & F=31.9%

Continued
3,038a/

Results & ORs reported for mild, moderate & heavy current smoking

"...dose-response effect...heavy smokers showed a lower risk of developing different severity levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular severe COVID-19 (80% odds reduction)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,039/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)

Of 101 diagnosed with Covid-19, 15.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,040/

Massachusetts, USA: apparently the same patients as study in tweet 2,233

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,041/

Qatar (tobacco smoking age 15+ estimated at 13.1% in 2017)

Of 37 in ICU with Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 5 were ex-smokers (13.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,042/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 152 with Covid-19, 21.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,043/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 268 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.2% were current smokers

Of 26 who needed oxygen therapy, 18.5% were current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33950987/
3,044/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 197 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 treated with convalescent plasma, S=7.1%

Of 197 matched* controls hosp'd w/ C-19 not treated with CP, S=5.1%

*smoking was a criterion

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,045/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 259,352 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.8% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
3,046/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 29 critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU, 4* were smokers (13.8%)

Notes:

*could be 1; it's not clear whether 4 or 4%
not specified if current or ever

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
3,047/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 188,837 diagnosed with COVID-19 or who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in an outpatient setting, 10.3% were currently smoking & 24.5% previously smoked

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,048/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 3,530 hospitalized with Covid-19, "6.2% of patients were active or former smokers"

Note: Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,049/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 70 with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19:
3 were current smokers (4.3%)
7 were past smokers (10%)
2 were current vapers (2.9%)

Note: 50 were female (71.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,050/

Romania (smoking rate age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 105 (apparently hospitalized) with Covid-19, 31.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,051/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 226,087 male veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2, 32.7% were current smokers & 53.2% were former smokers

Of 25,301 positive, 23.7% were current smokers & 57.6% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,053/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 3,217* in social housing areas tested for antibodies, 26.4% were ever smokers

Of 602* positive, 20.1% were ever smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,054/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 819 people experiencing homelessness & shelter workers tested for antibodies, 71.7% were previous or current smokers

Of 55 positive, 60% were previous or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,055/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 9,405 people without diabetes with confirmed Covid-19, 20.3% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-497…
3,056/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 268 with parosmia associated with Covid-19, 17.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-506…
3,057/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

tobacco smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 199 mass media professionals tested for SARS-CoV-2 or with suspected C-19 (untested), C=24.6% & F=17.6%

88 tested positive: C=26.1% & F=17%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,058/

England, UK

Smoking status numbers in Table 1 don't add up. Will update if possible

researchsquare.com/article/rs-425…
3,059/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 961 who lived for at least 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers & 29.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,060/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 100 with T1 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, nine were current or previous smokers

Of 37 who died, one was a current or previous smoker (2.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,061/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 28 hospitalized patients diagnosed with pneumonia, S=3 (10.7%)

Of 16 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=3 (18.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,062/

Ghana (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.6% in 2017)

Of 132 fully recovered from Covid-19, 6.1% had a history of smoking tobacco

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,063/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

Of 2,060 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.8% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,064/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 856 with cancer & receiving chemotherapy, 43.9% were current smokers

Of 63 with Covid-19, 46% were current smokers

Of 56 hospitalized (for chemotherapy), 46.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,065/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 45 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received tissue plasminogen activator while hospitalized, 4 were current smokers (8.9%) & 15 were former smokers (33.3%)

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,066/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 17,456,515 adults, C=17% & F=32.9%

17,063 Covid-19 deaths: C=6.5% & F=60.2%

134,316 non-Covid-19 deaths: C=13.5% & F=53.8%

Continued Image
3,066a/

Note: unknown status counted as never smokers: n=?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
Correction

Korea

"Of 268 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.2% were current smokers"

should be

Of 265 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,067/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

TE=tobacco exposure

Of 159 health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, TE=10.1%*

1-10 cigarettes per day=7.5%
10-20 cigarettes per day=2.5%

*10.2% reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,068/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 1,229 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were current smokers & 22.3% were former smokers

Of 302 in ICU, 4.3% were current smokers & 21.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,069/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,722 health care workers tested for antibodies, 2.7% were smokers

Of 95 positive, 4.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,070/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 213 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (38 showed intense respiratory distress & 175 with mild symptoms), "No smokers were observed among enrolled participants."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,071/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 844 hospitalized with Covid-19 and probable or confirmed venous thromboembolism, 8.6% were smokers

Of 243 in ICU, 9.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,072/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 74 health care workers who tested positive for antibodies, 13.5% were previous or current smokers

Of 75 matched controls (HCWs) who tested negative, 18.7% were previous or current smokers
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,073/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,275 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 6.5% were current smokers

Of 1,080 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 6.4% were current smokers (7.4% reported; unclear why)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33966355/
3,074/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 258 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7% & X=30.2%

86 mild: S=9.3% & X=25.6%
121 moderate: S=7.4% & X=33.9%
23 severe: S=4.3% & X=30.4%
28 critical: S=zero & X=28.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,075/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 604 hospitalized adults testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 7.1% were current tobacco users

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,076/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 557 hospitalized with Covid-19, nine percent were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,077/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 46 fully recovered from COVID-19 without ventilation support, 5 were smokers (10.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,078/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 28 with Covid-19 ARDS, 4 were smokers (14.3%)

Of 18 with H1N1 ARDS, 2 were smokers (11.1%)

Notes:

greater proportion of H1N1 patients were female
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,079/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

A="Addictions: alcohol, nicotine"

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19 who were tested for Legionella pneumophila antigens, A=7 (7.5%)

One tested positive: smoking status unknown

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,080/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 85* with rheumatic disease diagnosed with COVID-19, 27.1% were ever smokers

Of 40 hospitalized, 37.5% were ever smokers

Note: smoking status numbers in Table 1 don't add up

academic.oup.com/rheumap/advanc…
3,081/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 34 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4 (11.8%)

Of 24 mechanically ventilated in ICU, S=4 (16.6%)

Of 23 MV in ICU with H1N1, S=5 (21.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,082/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 134 with suspected Covid-19 who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, 7.5% were current smokers & 11.9% were ex-smokers

Of 23 positive, 13% were current smokers & 30.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,083/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S="Smoking (acute and quit-smoker)"

Of 609 hospitalized with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, S=9.9%

Of 301 confirmed, S=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,084/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)
England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 380 with Covid-19, S=19.7%

Of 93 who died, S=19.4%

129 Wuhan: S=12.4%
251 London: S=23.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,085/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 300 hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19 who lived to tell about it, 7.3% were current smokers & 17.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,086/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 31 hospitalized for Covid-19, 12.9% were current smokers

Of 9 who died, 11.1% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,087/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19 who demonstrated mild to moderate hypoxia, T=6 (19.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,088/

Quebec, Canada (smoking ages 12 & over was 17.5% in 2018)

Of 2,128 non-healthcare essential workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, 15.6% were current smokers & 6.1% were former smokers

Of 53 positive, 9.4% were current smokers & 3.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,089/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 34 with SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICU & treated with venovenous ECMO, 3 were active smokers (8.8%)

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
3,090/

smoking: C=current; X=ex

Of 33 with chronic kidney disease & Covid-19, C=zero & X=66.7%

16 severe: X=68.8%

Of 32 uninfected dialysis patients, C=6.3% & X=75%

Not stated where; UK appears most likely (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,091/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,187 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 9.6% were current smokers

Of 2,022 positive, 4.5% were current smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,092/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (probably history of)

Of 1,252 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=26.3%

Of 182 who died, S=37.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,093/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

S=smoking

Of 125 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=23.2%

89 age 13+: S=32.6%

8 w/ complications: S=25%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33984658/

Not specified if current/ever, but same hospital at about the same time 👇

3,094/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,401 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven percent were current smokers

bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bc…
3,095/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jd…
3,096/

Czech Republic & Slovakia (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% & 32.2% in 2017)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,107 survey respondents, S=20.6%

Of 396 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=19.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,097/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 82 who survived hospitalization with Covid-19, eleven were smokers (13.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,098/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 199 people experiencing homelessness hospitalized with Covid-19, 52.8% were current smokers & 16.6% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
3,099/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 52 hospitalized with pulmonary embolism, C=23.1% & F=30.8%

Of 29 w/ Covid-19, C=17.2% & F=37.9% (38%)*

Of 23 w/o Covid-19, C=30.4% & F=21.7% (21.8%)*

*reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,100/

Of 1,199 age 70+ in ICU with Covid-19 in France (1,115), Belgium (43) & Switzerland (41), 3.8% were active smokers (AS)

Of 549 who died within 90 days, AS=4.6%

Smoking rates:

FR: 32% in 2018 (age 18-75)
BE: 19.4% in 2018
CH: 25.4% in 2017

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,101/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 467 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,102/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 101 with olfactory dysfunction associated with confirmed (71) or suspected (30) Covid-19, 9.9% were smokers & 34.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,103/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 2,394 tested for antibodies (see description), 24.3% were current smokers

Of 140 positive, 26.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,104/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,121 hospitalized with non-critical Covid-19, 6.8% were active smokers & 22.8% were former smokers

Of 319 who died in hospital, 4.1% were active smokers & 26% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,105/

Romania (smoking rate age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 274 hospitalized with Covid-19, 40.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,106/

Mexico: included in national totals

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3,107/

Nepal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 198 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=11.6% & X=12.6%

113 mild: S=10.6% & X=6.2%
52 moderate: S=9.6% & X=23.1%
33 severe: S=18.2% & X=18.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,108/

British Columbia, Canada (tobacco smoking rate ages 12 & over was 12% in 2018)

SV=smoking/vaping

Of 674 school (K-12) students & staff with confirmed or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection, SV=7.3%

157 age 18+: SV=17.2%
517 age 5-17: SV=4.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,109/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Matched cohorts (all hospitalized)

Of 166 with cancer & Covid-19, CS=4.8%

Of 498 with Covid-19 but without cancer, CS=2.8%

Of 498 with cancer but without Covid-19, CS=25.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-531…
3,110/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 137 in ICU with Covid-19, 59.9% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,111/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)
Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,541 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.3% & X=39.3%

Of 488 who died, C=5.5% & X=45.9%

academic.oup.com/eurpub/advance…
3,112/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless "tobacco" use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

TS="Tobacco or smoking (ever)"

Of 4,645 hospitalized with Covid-19, TS=29.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,113/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 74 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23% were smokers

Of 37 hospitalized, 24.3% were smokers

Of 21 healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve controls, 19% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,114/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

COPDS="COPD/Smoke habit"

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had hyponatremia at admission, COPDS=4 (8.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-519…
3,115/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=current smoking

Of 10,682 individuals, S=16.7%

Of 1,694 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=17.2%
232 positive: S=6.5%

Of 4,639 tested later for antibodies, S=15.3%
840 positive: S=13.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-448… Image
3,116/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 305 hospitalized with Covid-19, fourteen were smokers (4.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "habitual history (smoking and Hookah use)" appeared once

researchsquare.com/article/rs-441…
3,117/

France: apparently the same patients as in tweet 191

academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/ad…

3,118/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 593 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who responded to a survey, 6.3%* were current smokers immediately prior to illness

*weighted

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,119/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 68 with covid-19 who survived for at least 3 months after diagnosis, 2 were current smokers (2.9%) & 6 were ex-smokers (8.8%)

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
3,120/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S="current smoking" (determined with a serum cotinine assay)

Of 18,133 clinical laboratory employees & their spouses tested for antibodies, S=12.3%

Of 900 positive, S=8.2%

(OR: 0.60)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman… Image
3,121/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 324 hospitalized with Covid-19, 45.7% were smokers

Of 66 who died, 50% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,122/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 61 health care workers with symptoms suggesting COVID-19 but weren't tested or tested negative, S=13.1%

Of 11 positive for antibodies (all tested), S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,123/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 229 with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19 & type 1 myocardial infarction, 27.1% were current smokers & 27.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,124/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 2,438 who visited a hospital ED with Covid-19, 10.6% were current smokers & 24% were former smokers

Of 23 with ischemic stroke, 4.3% were current smokers & 26.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,125/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 132 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.5% were current smokers & 31.8% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

👇 Image
3,126/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=smoker (includes passive 🙄 & ex-smokers)

Of 9,775 with confirmed Covid-19, S=20%

Of 4,374 symptomatic, S=18.4%

229 died: S=20.1%

Smokers contributed just 20% of confirmed cases

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,127/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)
Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified...)

Of 84 with Covid-19 assessed for possible pulmonary embolism, S=10.7%

Of 24 with PE, S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,128/

Morocco (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.2% in 2017)

Of 12 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "five patients were chronic smokers" (41.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,129/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 854 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were current or former smokers (1.2%)

Of 87 who died, 6 were current or former smokers (6.9%)

6.2 times the risk!!!!!!!!11

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34006039/ Image
Updated & peer-reviewed

Chicago, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.8% in 2018)

Of 82 kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients and kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients with Covid-19, four were smokers (4.9%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…

3,130/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=former or active smokers

Of 81 who lived for at least 3 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, S=24.7%

21 mild to moderate: S=23.8%
15 severe: S=40%
45 critical: S=20%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,131/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19, nine were smokers (9.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,132/

Ontario, Canada (current smoking rate age 12 and over was 15.2% in 2017)

Of 78 hospitalized with Covid-19, seventeen had a history of smoking (21.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,133/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoker/ex-smoker

Of 171 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=7%

101 asymptomatic: all tested negative

Of 70 symptomatic (all hospitalized):
44 positive: S=6.8%
26 negative: S=11.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,134/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 29,659 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 18.2% had a history of smoking

Of 1,070 readmitted for Covid-19, 26.5% had a history of smoking

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,135/

Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, and South Africa

Of 3,078 in ICU with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers

Of 1,458 who died, 3.8% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
3,136/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 79 with Covid-19, S=15 (19%)

33 mild: S=0
27 severe (apparently survived): S=8 (29.6%)
18 died: S=7 (38.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,137/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 520 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 14.8% were current smokers (CS)

470 tested for antibodies ~6 months later: CS=16.8%

5 negative: CS=20%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
3,138/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 300 outpatients age 18 to 60 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,139/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoking (10+ cigarettes/day)

Of 971* hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=4.9%

Of 507* under age 65, AS=6.9%

Of 98* under age 65 with "poor outcomes", AS=6.1%

*calculated

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22… Image
3,140/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 117 in ICU with Covid-19 who underwent tracheostomy, 34.2% were active or previous smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-543…
3,141/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 54 hospitalized with Covid-19, ten were current smokers (18.5%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34027106/
3,142/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,169 with Covid-19, 12.8% were current smokers & 14.9% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34024181/

Apparently the same patients 👇

3,143/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 12 who, after recovery from acute Covid-19, "reported persistent breathlessness out-keeping with disease severity", 8 were non-smokers (66.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-537…
3,144/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

Of 152 with Covid-19 (143 hospitalized), 48.7% had ever smoked

Of 103 with severe Covid-19, 51.5% had ever smoked

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,145/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 376 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=9% & P=28.5%

71 required oxygen (not ECMO or MV): C=7% & P=49.3%

25 treated with ECMO or MV: C=16% & P=36%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,146/

Cyprus (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37% in 2017)

Of 19 in ICU due to Covid-19, four were current or former tobacco smokers (21.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,147/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 466 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=25.8%

Of 100 with acute care hospital reencounters within the next 4 months, S=30

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,148/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

648,202 veterans: C=23.9% & F=47.8%

5,929 SARS-CoV-2+: C=18.8% & F=47.2%

1,463 hospitalized: C=19.8% & F=53.7%

579 ICU: C=19.5% & F=56.6%

398 died: C=18.1% & F=62.6%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Cameroon

S=smoking (not specified if current/ever)

Of 313 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, S=12 (3.8%)

Of 259 confirmed, S=9 (3.5%)

68 mild: S=3 (4.4%)
153 moderate: S=zero
38 severe: S=6 (15.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,149/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 28 in ICU with Covid-19, five had a smoking history (17.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,150/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of ~13,250* hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated

Not specified if current/ever, but other studies using the same registry have current smoking at 4 to 7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,151/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 2,775 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 1.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,152/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 136 with suspected Covid-19, A=11% & F=4.4%

120 tested positive (nasopharyngeal): A=11.7% % F=4.2%

1 more tested positive (anal); smoking status unknown

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,153/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 420 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.5%

85 died: S=4.7%

Of 1,260 without diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.2%

202 died: S=9.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,154/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 1,014 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 3.4% were past smokers

Of 205 in ICU, 20.5% were current smokers & 14.1% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,155/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 12 children & 12 of their parents with SARS-CoV-2 infection 4 (all parents) were smokers or had quit in the previous 6 months (33.3% of parents)

Median ages:
children 13.37
parents 47

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,156/

United Arab Emirates (2017 current smoking age 15+ was 14.8%)

Of 500 diagnosed with Covid-19, 22% were smokers

"Smokers had a severe drop in both [smell and taste] sensations when compared to nonsmokers"

Note: Dubai

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,157/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 164 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required supplemental oxygen therapy, 4.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,158/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19-associated cardiovascular complications, 62.7% were never smokers

Of 14 with severe complications, 50% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,159/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 65 who survived after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 7.7% were cigarette smokers & 38.5% were ex-cigarette smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,160/

Morocco (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.2% in 2017)

Of 33 intubated & mechanically ventilated with Covid-19, five were smokers (15.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj…
3,161/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 799 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.1% were current smokers

Of 54 who died, 3.7% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
3,162/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,247* who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after their first vaccine dose, 97.1% weren't current smokers

Of 1,247* matched controls who tested negative, 98.3% weren't current smokers

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,163/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 3,664 health care workers, 15.1% were current or past smokers

Of 55 with confirmed Covid-19, 5.5% were smokers & 1.8% had stopped (7.3% total)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
3,164/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 30,976 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 13.9% were current smokers & 32.3% were former smokers

Of 2,103 positive, 7.5% were current smokers & 27.2% were former smokers

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,165/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 25 age 30 to 65 who recovered from mild Covid-19 but had post-infection non-specific neurological symptoms, four were smokers (16%)

Note: not specified... "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,166/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 237 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Turkey

I didn't include a link to this study 3 weeks ago

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,167/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 39 with sickle cell disease diagnosed with Covid-19, 7.7% were smokers

Of 121 health care professionals diagnosed with Covid-19, 15.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current/ever
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,168/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S="positive history of smoking"

Of 205,654 diagnosed with Covid-19 (64,468 confirmed), S=1.5%

Of 20,472 who died, S=1.5%

OR (mortality): 0.76

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
Update

Spain

46 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Full version 👇

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,169/

Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Spain & (mostly) France

S=active smoking

Of 560 in ICU with Covid-19, S=5.2%
164 died: S=5.5%

Of 476 in ICU with influenza, S=31.3%
130 died: S=20.8%

Of 519 in ICU without viral infection, S=26.4%
182 died: S=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,170/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 99* hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.1% were current tobacco smokers

Of 91* hospitalized with influenza, 36.3% were current tobacco smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,171/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 565 or 567 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 2.7% or 3% were smokers

Notes:

reported twice with different numbers
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,172/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 95 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, "Only 9.5% (n = 9) were smokers at the time of diagnosis, whereas 70% (n = 67) had never smoked in their lifetime."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,173/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 973 hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke, C=16.4% & F=14.5%

Of 152 with Covid-19, C=8.6% & F=15.8%

Of 821 without Covid-19, C=17.9% & F=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,174/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 822 with familial Mediterranean fever, SH=24.8%

Of 59 with Covid-19, SH=20.3%

Of 12 hospitalized, SH=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,175/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

AS=active smoking

Of 61 with severe pneumonia (most in ICU), AS=18%

Of 27 with Covid-19, AS=7.4%

Of 34 without Covid-19, AS=26.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,176/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,145 hospitalized with confirmed Covid-19, 3.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,177/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 913 hospitalized with C-19, C=7.7%

664 mild: C=5.6%
249 severe/critical: C=13.3%

Of 712 hosp'd with Covid-19, F=3.9%

553 mild: F=2.7%
159 severe/critical F=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,178/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 53 trauma patients with Covid-19, 17% were current smokers

Of 106 trauma patients without Covid-19 in a matched control group, 10.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,179/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 64 with Covid-19, two were smokers (3.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,180/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 24 who had orthopedic surgery with Covid-19, 16.7% were smokers

Of 26 of the hospital's staff who had Covid-19, 11.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,181/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 84* with severe respiratory failure from Covid-19 who underwent tracheostomy, 25% were ever smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…
3,182/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

SV=current tobacco or e-cigarette users

Of 498 who tested positive for antibodies, SV=13.3%

Of 996 matched* controls who tested negative, SV=13.5%

*SV was a criterion for matching

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,183/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 79 with inflammatory bowel disease infected with SARS-CoV-2, 16.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/artic…
3,184/

Spain: Appears to be a subset of subjects in study in tweet 3,183

academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/artic…
3,185/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 141 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 13 had a smoking history (9.2%)

Of 12 readmitted within one week, 3 had a smoking history (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,186/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 200 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, 42% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,187/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 64 in ICU with Covid-19, 6.3% were active smokers

Of 64 in ICU with influenza (2016-2020), 25% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,188/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 151 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with shock, 5.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,189/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 446 health care workers tested for antibodies, 20.4% were active smokers

Of 107 positive, 11.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,190/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 53 with systemic rheumatic disease hospitalized for Covid-19, C=3.8% & P=45.3%

Of 197 matched comparators hospitalized for Covid-19, C=6.1% & P=37.1%

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
3,191/

Iowa, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.6% in 2019)

Tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 100 who were symptomatic more than 30 days after Covid-19 diagnosis, C=2 & F=23

Of 33 hospitalized, C=zero & F=45.5%

Of 16 in ICU, F=37.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

SMH 👇 Image
3,192/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 226 tested for antibodies, 15.9% were current smokers

Of 97 positive, 16.5% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,193/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 506 with Covid-19, 17% were ever smokers (16.9% reported)

Of 96* with community-acquired pneumonia (2018-2019), 21.9% were ever smokers (21.8% reported)

*Elsewhere in paper it says 95

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,194/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 28 with ARDS due to Covid-19 treated with ECMO, S=17.9%

Of 17 with ARDS due to influenza treated with ECMO (2010-2020), S=29.4%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,195/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 1,201 cancer patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 17.2% were current smokers (CS) & 36% were ex-smokers (XS)

Of 133 positive, 14.3% were CS & 36.1% were XS

29 severe: 55.2% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,196/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Hospitalized patients (2014-2020):

Of 398 with Covid-19, S=8.8%
Of 1,612 with influenza: S=21.2%
Of 2,292 with SARI: S=20%
Of 4,054 for other: S=13%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,197/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 762 hospitalized with Covid-19, 36.5% had a smoking history

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,198/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 106 with mild to moderate Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 20 were smokers (18.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,199/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 589 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,200/

Luxembourg (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,035* tested for antibodies, C=19.4% & X=3.7%

Of 141* positive, C=10.6% & X=4.3%

*may be higher; unclear if "live with smoker" category included

OR=0.50

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,201/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,133 with diabetes hospitalized for Covid-19, S=24%

Of 658 admitted to ICU, treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, and/or who died, S=23.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,202/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 384 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6% were smokers

Of 70 who died, 5.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Peer-reviewed version

Brazil, Greece, South Africa, Spain, USA & mostly Canada

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,203/

United Arab Emirates (2017 current smoking age 15+ was 14.8%)

CS=current smoker

Of 464 with Covid-19, CS=10.8%

91 asymptomatic: CS=14.3%
99 mild: CS=23.2%
129 moderate: CS=8.5%
145 high severity: CS=2.1%

26 died: CS=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,204/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

SH=current or former smoker

Of 134 with Covid-19, SH=46.3%

Of 22 with non-COVID acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, SH=63.6%

Continued
3,204a/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 23 with Covid-19 (hospitalization status not reported), SH=65.2%

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,205/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 135 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,206/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 22 who died from ARDS related to COVID-19, two were current smokers (9.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,207/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,071 people experiencing homelessness tested for antibodies, T=56.8%

Of 57 positive, T=31.6%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
3,208/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 1,325 Covid-19 survivors, "Current smoking was uncommon (1.3% overall)"

Of 547 hospitalized, 2.2% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,209/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

SV="cigarette, marijuana, vaping, and cigar use"

Of 203 outpatients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, current SV=14.8% & former SV=16.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,210/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 4,670 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 29.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
3,211/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 134 Covid-19 survivors, S=5 (3.7%)

13 asymptomatic: S=0
61 mild: S=2 (3.3%)
50 moderate: S=3 (6%)
10 severe: S=0

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…

Note exclusions 👇 Image
3,212/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 6,314 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 17.2% were current smokers or had a history of smoking

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
3,213/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N="Nicotine related disorders"

Of 297,194 with SARS-Cov-2 infection, N=5.6%

Note: N appears only in Table 1. In text, the word "smoking" was used twice, once as "history of smoking"

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
3,214/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 481 with confirmed Covid-19, 8.5% were smokers

Of 27 who died, 3.7% was a current smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-582…
3,215/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 113 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.7% were current smokers

36 non-fever: 8.3% were current smokers
77 fever: 10.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-570…
3,216/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 84 (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19, SH=8.3%

48 moderate: SH=12.5%
36 severe/critical: SH=2.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-543…
3,217/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 2,625 health care personnel with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.7% were current smokers or had quit in the previous year

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,218/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 31,125 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were current smokers & 34.8% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanmi…
3,219/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 48 with Covid-19 who had an echocardiogram, 5.8% were smokers

Of 13 who died, 23.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,220/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,151 with psoriasis who tested positive for Covid-19, S=30.3%

Of 332 hospitalized, S=43.1%

Of 51 who died, S=52%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,221/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 130 with asymptomatic, mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,222/

Czech Republic (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% in 2017)

Of 96 SARS-CoV-2–positive patients with hematologic malignancies or bone marrow failure syndromes, "Fifteen patients (15.6%) smoked cigarettes when diagnosed with COVID-19"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,223/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 772 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.1% were active smokers & 14.6% were former smokers

Of 103 who died, 6.8% were active smokers & 14.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,224/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 54 mechanically ventilated in ICU with covid-19, 37%* had a smoking history

*not clear if smoking status was missing for one or two patients; could be 37.7% or 38.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,225/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 217 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.2% had a smoking history

Of 23 who died, 52.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,226/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 239 with Covid-19 treated with positive pressure ventilation, S=35.1%

127 non-invasive: S=34.6%
112 invasive: S=35.7%

51 with barotrauma: S=23.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,227/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 119 who survived for at least a year after hospitalization with Covid-19, 12.6% were current smokers & 15.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,228/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 392 hospitalized with acute stroke, AS=20.4%

37 with Covid-19: AS=6%
355 without Covid-19: S=22%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,229/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 151 mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,230/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 78* in ICU with Covid-19, 3.8% were current smokers & 51 to 53% were ex-smokers

Note: numbers don't add up; if I'm not correct, I'm at least close

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,231/

Cameroon (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.6% in 2017)

Of 715 tested for antibodies, 0.7% were tobacco users

Of 294 positive, 1% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,232/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 60 outpatients with mild Covid-19, 63.3%* were smokers

Notes:

*Not clear if 38 individuals or 38%
Not specified if current or ever

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34075710/
3,233/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 26 who died with Covid-19, 11.5% were current smokers & 26.9% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34073591/
3,234/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 959 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were nicotine users & 14.9% had a history of nicotine use

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3,235/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 58,331 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 12.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

OR ICU/HDU admission (smoking): 0.82, 95% CI 0.85-0.9

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,236/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 18 hospitalized with hypoxic respiratory failure and COVID-19 pneumonia, four had a smoking history (22.2%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,237/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 63 diagnosed with Covid-19, ten were current smokers (15.9%) & 28 were ex-smokers (44.4%)

academic.oup.com/jn/advance-art…
3,238/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 31 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, five had a history of smoking (16.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,239/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 859 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,240/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, S=13.3%

Of 39 who died, S=17.9%

Continued
3,240a/

Of 60 hospitalized with non-Covid-19 ARDS, S=41.7%

Of 34 who died, S=44.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,241/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

smoking: O=ongoing, P=previous

Of 54* in ICU with Covid-19, O=7.3% & P=22.2%

Of 8* with deep vein thrombosis, O=0 & P=25%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,242/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 222 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30.2% were tobacco users

Of 68 with acute kidney injury, 32.4% were tobacco users

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,243/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

ND=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 61 hospitalized with pneumonia associated with Covid-19, ND=9.8%

30 non-severe: ND=13.3%
31 severe: ND=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,244/

Texas & Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rates were 14.4% & 20.5% in 2019)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 5,356* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=25.9%

Of 291 who died, FCS=44.7%

*elsewhere it's stated that 5,285 had smoking status data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081724/
3,245/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 329 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.2% were current smokers & 3.6% were past smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081600/
3,246/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 25,281 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were current smokers & 21.2% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,247/

Uganda (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.3% in 2017)

Of 105 with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19, two were cigarette smokers (1.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-506…
3,248/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 615 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.3% were current or former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
3,249/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 48 age 18 to 65 who survived after diagnosis of mild-to-moderate Covid-19, CS=3 (6.3%)

25 mild: CS=2 (8%)
23 moderate: CS=1 (4.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,250/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 45 with active cancer hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 were actively smoking (13.3%)

Of 30 who died, 5 were actively smoking (16.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,251/

Czech Republic (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% in 2017)

Of 93 with myasthenia gravis & confirmed Covid-19, seven were smokers (7.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en… Image
3,252/

Norway (adult current tobacco smoking was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=2 (6.5%) & F=8 (25.8%)

14 mild/moderate: C=2 & F=2 (14.3% each)
11 severe: C=0 & F=4 (36.4%)
6 critical: C=0 & F=4 (66.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
3,252a/

Note that former smoking numbers don't add up in previous tweet
Updated & peer reviewed (link to preprint is dead)

India

Numbers appear to be the same, but authors specified: it was current smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,253/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 228 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (non-hospitalized), 4.8% were smokers

Of 134 matched controls who tested negative, 17.9% were smokers

Probably current

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

👇 Image
3,254/

Chile

Number of individuals with Covid-19: 60

Number of individuals with Covid-19 with tobacco use status reported: 85

¯\_(ツ)_/¯. (sorry not sorry IHME)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cr…
3,255/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 141 with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with Covid-19, A=5% & X=37.6%

Of 112 maintenance dialysis patients hospitalized with Covid-19, A=4.5% & X=37.5%

Continued
3,255a/

Of 48 (non-uremic) hospitalized with Covid-19, A=4.2% & X=33.3%

301 total: A=4.7% & X=36.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,256/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,436,622 with Covid-19, 16.8% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,257/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 66 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 3 were current smokers (4.5%) & 5 were past smokers (7.6%)

Matched groups:

42 of above: 11.9% were ever smokers (ES)
42 hospitalized w/ non-Covid pneumonia: ES=50%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-559…
3,258/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 203 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "current" appeared once

researchsquare.com/article/rs-543…
3,259/

USA (current use of any "tobacco" product by high & middle school students was 16.2% in 2020)

TD=tobacco-related disorders

Of 43,465 age 18 or younger with Covid-19, TD=1.6%

Of 25,219 age 12-18, TD=3.1%
Of 2,244 age 12-18 hospitalized, TD=4.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,260/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

SA="Chronic smoking and asthma"

Of 139 hospitalized with Covid-19, SA=15 (10.8%)

Note: Abu Dhabi

researchsquare.com/article/rs-558…
3,261/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 75 invasively mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 56% were smokers

Of 10 with barotrauma, 50% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,262/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 18* in ICU with Covid-19 who received intravenous insulin, 78% had a history of smoking

*19 patients in study, but the only way 78% works is if there were 18

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
3,263/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 543 with intellectual and developmental disabilities, 5.9% were current smokers

Of 91 diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.2% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,264/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 30 in ICU with Covid-19 who underwent elective open tracheostomy, 10% were current smokers & 20% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,265/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,951 taking antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis at the time they were diagnosed with Covid-19, 29.8% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,266/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,187 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were active smokers & 18.7% were former smokers

Of 260 who died, 3.1% were active smokers & 23.8% were former smokers (all calculated)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,267/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 35,879 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 25.4% were current tobacco users & 39.9% were former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,268/

Italy

Apparently the same patients as study in tweet 2,520: all still alive 6 months after Covid-19 onset

Of 241 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, 11.2% were smokers & 22% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,269/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.2%* were current smokers & 26.5% were ex-smokers

*12.4% reported, probably in error

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,270/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)

Of 339* hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.5% were current smokers

*calculated

Note: study found low serum albumin (LA) associated with severe outcomes. Smoking inversely associated with LA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,271/

Iowa, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 10 with ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia ventilated in ICU, 2 were former smokers (20%) & 8 were never smokers (80%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,272/

Myanmar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2017)

Of 142 with Covid-19, "Only 12 (8.5%) and 9 (6.3%) patients were smokers and alcohol drinkers"

Note: smoking=cigarettes or cheroots

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,273/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 759 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.1% were current smokers & 22.8% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,274/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 278 severe and critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 28.6% were smokers

Of 198 with acute kidney injury, 33.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,275/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 34 in ICU with Covid-19, S=17.6%

Of 51 in ICU with community-acquired pneumonia, S=45.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,276/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, S=stopped

Of 37 with Covid-19, C=1 (2.7%) & S=7 (18.9%)

10 moderate: C=1 (10%) & S=2 (20%)
11 severe: C=0 & S=1 (9.1%)
16 critical: C=0 & S=4 (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,277/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=tobacco ("tobacco" & "smoking" both used)

Of 46 with Covid-19 treated with HFNC, T=30.4%)

Of 20 intubated, T=50%

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,278/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 24 with Covid-19, S=16.7%

Of 10 in ICU, S=30%

Of 24 healthy controls, S=25%

"... smokers were excluded both from control and case group" 🤷‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,279/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 200 with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,280/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 23 in ICU with Covid-19, three sere smokers (13%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,281/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

TE=tobacco exposure (not defined)

Of 59 hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19 & discharged alive, TE=15.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,282/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 52 with confirmed Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 7 had a history of tobacco use (13.5%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
3,283/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 596 with post-acute COVID syndrome, 25.8% were current or former smokers

Of 23 hospitalized one month or later after disease onset, 34.8% were former smokers (current not mentioned)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,284/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 2,366 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 33.1% were former or current smokers

OR mortality (ever smoked): 0.61 (0.42-0.89) p=0.01

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,285/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 108 enrolled in an inpatient post-Covid-19 pulmonary rehabilitation program, "Only 1 patient was a current smoker" (0.9%), "63 (58.3%) had never smoked and 44 (40.7%) were ex-smokers."
researchsquare.com/article/rs-578…
3,286/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 27,640 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 17.8% were current tobacco users (CTU

OR mortality (CTU)

Unadjusted: 0.63 (0.53-0.75) p<0.001
Adjusted: 0.85 (0.68-1.06) p=0.14

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,287/

Of 212 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.15 were active smokers & 17.5% were ex-smokers

Note: not stated where patients were; most authors from California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,288/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 81 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers
11 with thrombotic events: 18.2% were smokers

Of 81 matched uninfected controls, 14.8% were smokers

Not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,289/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 605 hospitalized with Covid-19, "20 (3.5%) were regular smoker"

Note: 20 of 605 is 3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,290/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,424 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.4% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,291/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 17 critically ill hospitalized with Covid-19 who were still alive for 100 days after symptom onset, 2 were current smokers (11.8%) & 9 were former smokers (52.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,292/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,344 who were still alive 30 days after diagnosis of Covid-19, 17.6% were current tobacco or vape users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,293/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,754 Europeans with autoimmune liver disease who responded to a survey, 9% were active smokers

Of 39 diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.1% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ue…
3,294/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 19 with autoimmune blistering disease who contracted Covid-19, 1 was a smoker and 1 had a smoking history (5.3% each)

5 hospitalized: 1 smoked and 1 had smoking history (20% each)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
3,295/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 638 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers

Of 44 who died, 6.8% were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,296/

Kuwait (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 76 (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19, 13 were current smokers (17.1%)* & 6 were ex-smokers (7.9%)*

*19.7% & 9.09% reported; not explained why

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,297/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 113 who survived after being critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 38.9% were ever smokers

Of 28 invasively ventilated, 40% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
3,298/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

S=smoked during pregnancy

Of 45,990 pregnant women, S=7.8%

Of 206 infected with SARS-CoV-2, S=4.9%

Of 395 of the same women infected, S=6.8% (from a registry with fewer missing data)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,299/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 228 with Covid-19, 20.2% were smokers

Of 228 with influenza, 13.6% were smokers

Notes:

mean age Covid-19: 54.7
mean age influenza: 69.6
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-587…
3,300/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

tobacco use: C=current, P=previous

Of 73 solid organ transplant recipients with Covid-19, C=2.7% & P=35.6%

Of 9 hospitalized, C=zero & P=44.4%

Note: Mayo

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
3,301/

Pennsylvania & New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rates were 17% & 13.1% in 2019)

Of 6,117 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 40.4% were ever smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
3,302/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 117 hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.1% were current smokers & 41% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,303/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

S=smoker; F=former smoker

Of 76,625 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, S=9.5% & F=37.1%

Of 11,525 in ICU, S=7.7% & F=35.8%

Continued
3,303a/

Of 850 with pneumothorax, S=11.3% & F=40.2%

Of 539 in ICU with pneumothorax, S=6.7% & F=38.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,304/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 196 with novel coronavirus pneumonia, SH=14.8%

152 mild: SH=12.5%
44 severe: SH=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,305/

Wales, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 34 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=11.8%

28 mild: S=10.7%
6 severe: S=16.7%

Of 78 uninfected who had planned C-section, S=11.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,306/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

e-cigarette use: CV=current, FV=former

Of 69,264 individuals, CV=2.7% & FV=2.4%

Of 3,567 diagnosed with Covid-19, CV=2.9% & FV=2.6%

Continued
3,306a/

smoking: CS=current, FS=former

Of the same 69,264, CS=11.1% & FS=27.9%

Of 3,567 diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=6.6% & FS=26.3%

Continued
3,306b/

current use:
VO=e-cigarettes only
CO=cigarettes only
DU=dual use

Of the same 69,264:
VO=1.2%
CO=9.5%
DU=1.5%

Of 3,567 diagnosed with Covid-19:
VO=1.4%
CO=5.2%
DU=1.5%

Note: Mayo

journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.117… Image
3,307/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 82 with ARDS related to severe SARS-CoV2 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, 5 were active smokers (6.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-565…
3,308/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 8,222 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% had a smoking history (cigarette use within 1 year of hospitalization)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-600…
3,309/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,264 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current/active smokers & 31.4% were prior smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
3,310/

Austria & Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% & 28.4% in 2017)

Of 204 who were were on chronic treatment with ACEIs or ARBs when they were diagnosed with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.9% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
3,311/

China

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients as study in tweet 1,054

3,312/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoker; FS=former smoker

Of 68 cancer patients diagnosed with confirmed Covid-19, CS=4 (5.9%) & FS=20 (29.4%)

Of 25 who died, CS=3 (12%) & FS=10 (40%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,313/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 7,868 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers and/or vapers

Note: not specified if current or ever; current appears likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 6,522 meat processing plant workers, 4 were smokers (0.06%)

Of 789 infected with SARS-CoV-2, zero were smokers

Note: they smoked meat. Tobacco smoking not reported.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,314/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 203 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven were active smokers (3.4%) & 22 were past smokers (10.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,315/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 349 w/ confirmed/suspected Covid-19, 7.4% were smokers & 11.7% had quit

"shortness of breath and smoking appear to be the most important predictors of long-term absenteeism [from work]"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,316/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,737 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3% were current smokers & 14.9% were ex-smokers

Of 64 with thromboembolic events, 3.1% were current smokers & 18.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,317/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

smoker: A=active, X=ex

Of 375 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=8.8% & X=37.6%

Of 58 who died, A=3.4% & X=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,318/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

PCS=past or current smoking

Of 71 COVID-19 patients who acquired an infection during their hospital stay, PCS=42.3%

Of 142 controls (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19, PCS=31%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34115314/
3,319/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 3,985 health care facility employees tested for antibodies, 23.9% were smokers

Of 480* positive, 14.6%* were smokers

*calculated

OR: 0.48 (0.38-0.61) p<.0001

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34112899/ Image
3,320/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 139 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 25.2% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,321/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 196 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.2% were smokers

Of 69 with cardiac injury, 8.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,322/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 1,242 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were current smokers & 24% were former smokers

Of 550 with acute kidney injury, 5.5% were current smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,323/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 23 Covid-19 survivors who were symptomatic for at least 28 days & received intensive inpatient rehabilitation treatment, 2 were current smokers (8.7%) & 6 were previous smokers (26.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,324/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 312 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.8%

115 mild: S=33.9%
159 moderate: S=13.2%
38 severe: S=21.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,325/

France

Apparently same patients as studies in tweets 191 & 1,317. This one apparently counted those with unknown smoking status as non-smokers. It did specify current smoking, though.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,326/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking

Of 49 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=36.7%

14 mild: S=14.3%
20 moderate: S=35%
15 severe: S=60%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: not specified if current or ever, but 👇 Image
3,327/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60,950 tested for antibodies, S=25.2% (23.9% reported)

Of 2,662 positive, S=16.3%

777 asymptomatic: S=18.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,328/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 503 health care workers, S=5.8% & X=16.1%

Of 99 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=3% & X=32.3%)

Continued
3,328a/

Of 106 identified as close contacts of persons with COVID-19 infection and who subsequently developed symptoms but didn't test positive, S=12.3% & X=13.2%

Of 91 identified as close contacts but were asymptomatic & not tested, S=5.5% & X=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,329/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 92 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate COVID-19-associated ARDS, 19.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,330/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 73,702 with Covid-19, 23 tested positive twice separated by at least two negative tests (positives at least 60 days apart)

Of the 23, "Almost 83% smoked within the prior year" (19 patients)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,331/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 37 who gave birth while infected with SARS-CoV-2, two smoked during pregnancy (5.4%)

Of 27 symptomatic, two smoked during pregnancy (7.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,332/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 42 Covid-19 outpatients, "Only four outpatients (9.5%) were smokers; however, all subjects reported that they stopped smoking at the onset of symptoms."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,333/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 507 w/ respiratory tract infection tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=67.9%

183 positive: ES=59.6%

95 (of 507) w/ acute kidney injury: ES=68.4%

55 w/ Covid-19: ES=58.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,334/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 276 with hypertension diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,335/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, P=prior

Of ~1,286* kidney transplant recipients or dialysis patients diagnosed with Covid-19, C=9.1%* & P=31.2%*

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
mostly Europe

academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar…
3,336/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 288 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 28.5% were current or former smokers

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
3,337/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 50 hospitalized with Covid-19, six were current smokers (12%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,338/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 223 in hotel isolation with Covid-19, 24.7% smoked or used tobacco products & 4.5% did formerly

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,339/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, P=prior

Of ~1,025* kidney transplant recipients or dialysis patients diagnosed with Covid-19, C=8.3%* & P=30.5%*

Of ~841* hospitalized, C=8.9%* & P=28.7%

Continued
3,339a/

ORs (28-day mortality)

C: 0.98 (0.13 – 7.64) p=0.98

F: 2.58 (1.12 – 5.98) p=0.027

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
mostly Europe

academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar…

Same registry as study in tweet 3,335

3,340/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 141 hospitalized for Covid-19, 17% had a smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
3,341/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

S=active smoker

Of 678 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=2.5%

658 hospitalized: S=2.3% or 2.6%*
139 ICU: S=3.6%
79 ventilated: S=3.9%
56 died: S=1.8%

*reported twice with different nos.

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
3,342/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

NT="Nicotine dependence/Tobacco use" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 9,119 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, NT=25.9%

Of 63 reinfected, NT=54%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,343/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 46 vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=28.3%

40 fully: S=27.5%
6 partially: S=33.3%

15 symptomatic: S=13.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-611…
3,344/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 935 with current or past hematologic cancers hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 43.5% were former or current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
3,345/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 2,539 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.1% were active smokers (A) & 19.4% were former smokers (F)

384 with chronic respiratory disease: A=7.8% & F=35.7%
2,155 without CRD: A=5.8% & F=16.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,346/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 22 critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU, one was a smoker (4.5%)

Of 8 who died, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,347/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 135 with inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with confirmed Covid-19, C=5.9% & X=32.6%

Of 30 admitted to ICU, invasively ventilated and/or who died, C=6.7% & X=56.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,348/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 1,331 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers

"Imputation was performed on...smoking status (9.2% missing)..."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,349/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

C=current smoker; W=weaning (?)

Of 1,025 cancer patients with suspected Covid-19, C=17.3% % W=30.4%

369 diagnosed: C=14.4% & W=32.3%
239 PCR: C=15.4% & W=24.3%
130 CT: C=14.4% & W=27.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,350/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 376 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.1% smoked tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,351/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 385 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 who needed supplemental oxygen, 39.7% were current or former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
3,352/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,353/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 130 hemodialysis patients with confirmed Covid-19, 29.2% were current smokers

Of 51 who died (any cause), 27.5% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sd…
3,354/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 3,368 hospitalized with Covid-19, 56% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,355/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.2% in 2019)

Of 6,461 diagnosed or tested for Covid-19, 26% were current smokers & 28.2% were former smokers

Of 645 with Covid-19, 12.6% were current smokers & 30.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,356/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 104 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,357/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 45 critically ill with Covid-19 mechanically ventilated in ICU, " 8 (17.8%) patients have a history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,358/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 70 critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU, 11 had a smoking history (15.7%)

Of 56 who died, 11 had a smoking history (19.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Iran

Of 66 EMTs with confirmed Covid-19, 3% were smokers

Of 148 healthy EMTs, 7% were smokers (6.1% reported)

Preprint version was withdrawn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,359/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 6,349 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.7% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,360/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 152* with severe COVID-19-associated respiratory failure, 4.6% were current smokers

Of 72 mechanically ventilated and/or who died, 2.8% were current smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,361/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 2,372 tested for antibodies, 14.7% were smokers & 19.4% were ex-smokers

Of 263 positive, 8% were smokers & 16.7% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-603… Image
3,362/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 7,814 veterans hospitalized with non-severe Covid-19, 37.3% were current smokers & 25.6% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Jun 15

Of 6,262 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 3.9% were current smokers (CS)

Of 954 hospitalized, CS=4.6%

Continued

Update continued

Of 177 admitted to ICU, CS=3.4%

Of 137 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.5%

Of 102 who died, CS=4.9%

covidibd.org/current-data/

3,363/

Earth

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11…

A subset of patients in this registry

3,364/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 168,667 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 13.1% were current smokers* & 20.7% were ex-smokers

*Light=10.5%
Moderate=1.9%
Heavy=0.7%

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
3,365/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 205 who reported headache while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, AS=8.8%

Of 409 matched controls without headache while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, AS=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,366/

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17 had a smoking history

Note: not stated where; New York State, USA appears likely (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,367/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 60 with asymptomatic/mild Covid-19, nine were smokers/oral tobacco users (15%) & one had quit (1.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,368/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 189 hospitalized with Covid-19, fifteen were former smokers (7.9%)

Of 31 with myocardial injury, one was a former smoker (3.2%)

Current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,369/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 68 recovering from mild Covid-19, 19.1% were smokers & 14.7% were former smokers

Of 39 healthy controls, 23.1% were smokers & 7.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,370/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 249 hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=18.9%

Of 66 critical, FCS=27.3%

Of 66 or 58 or 34 who died, FCS=25.8 or 29.3 or 50% (3 different numbers reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,371/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 153 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=7.2% & F=19.6%

Of 154 hospital workers who tested negative, C=22.7% & F=13%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,372/

Georgia, USA

Of 55 pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases & confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (10 hospitalized), "No smoking or diabetes were identified.."

note: apparently ages 14 to 19

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,373/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 706 who recovered from Covid-19, 12.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but current appears likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,374/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

Of 44 pregnant women with Covid-19, 2.3% was a cigarette smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Peer-reviewed version

'seroconversion...was negatively associated with smoking status...0.46 (95% CI 0.22–0.87) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.14–0.72)...based on CMIA and ELISA...'

nature.com/articles/s4159…

Image
3,375/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 62 with multiple sclerosis & Covid-19, 11.3% were active smokers (AS)

Of 63 with MS & Covid-19, 11.1% were ex-smokers (XS)

ORs (hospitalization):

AS=0.75
XS=4.37

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11… Image
3,376/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 79 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 38% were smokers

Of 57 who died, 42.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "History of smoking" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,377/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 164 in quarantine hotel with Covid-19, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,378/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 156 with confirmed Covid-19, 25% were smokers

Of 18 who died, 27.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,379/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 114 with mild Covid-19, 38.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: 71.9% were male

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,380/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 3.9% were active smokers

Of 10 with diarrhea, 10% was an active smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,381/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 6,002 university students, staff & faculty tested for antibodies, C=3.9% & F=11.9%

16 positive (IgM): C & F=12.5% each

27 positive (IgG): C=0 & F=7.4%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34158239/
3,382/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 504,664 survey respondents, CS=10.1%

Of 75,462 with self-reported Covid-19, CS=11.2%

Of 28,468 with at least one symptom 12 weeks after symptom onset, CS=12.5%

Continued
3,382a/

England, UK (current vaping age 16+ was 6.3% in 2018-19)

CV=current vaping

Of 506,165 survey respondents, CV=5.6%

Of 75,735 with self-reported Covid-19, CV=6.5%

Of 28,572 with at least one symptom 12 weeks after symptom onset, CV=7%

spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1…
3,383/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,000 with Covid-19, 6.9% were active smokers

Of 161 in ICU, intubated, ventilated and/or who died, 8.7% were active smokers

Of 119 who died, 10.5% were active smokers (15.3% reported)

emergencias.portalsemes.org/descargar/eval…
3,384/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 368 Covid-19 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, AS=6.5%

Of 736 C-19 patients not diagnosed with PE, AS=8.7%

Of 368 non-Covid-19 patients diagnosed with PE, AS=16.3%

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/adva…
3,385/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,232 hospitalized veterans with Covid-19, 39.1% were current smokers & 26.9% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/aje/advance-ar…
3,386/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 2,912 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,387/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 396* over 65 years of age with inflammatory bowel disease, 4.8% were active smokers

Of 32 who developed Covid-19, zero were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,388/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 9,417 (without diabetes) with symptomatic Covid-19, 20.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,389/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 167* in ICU with Covid-19, 8.4% were current active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,389/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 167* in ICU with Covid-19, 8.4% were current active smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,390/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 108 with Covid-19, 3.7% were active smokers & 42.6% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,391/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 605,137 age 15+ diagnosed with Covid-19, 10.1% were smokers

Of 14,223 age 10 to 14 diagnosed with Covid-19, 0.4% were smokers

Note: probably current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,392/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 70 pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1.4% was a tobacco user

Of 210 pregnant controls who did not test positive, 1.9% were tobacco users

Not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-583…
3,393/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 509* tested for SARS-CoV-2, 16.2% were active smokers

Of 115* positive, 9.6% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-622…
3,394/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 116 with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, A=2.6% & F=7.8%

Of 99 who died, A=3% & F=8.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-646…
3,395/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 18 with Covid-19 respiratory failure, 22.2% had a smoking history

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,396/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 237 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=10.5% & F=31.2%

At follow-up:

78 w/ anxiety: C=10.3% & F=30.8%
70 w/ depressive symptoms: C=7.1% & F=31.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,397/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 508 hospitalized with Covid-19, ~4.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,398/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (probably active)

Of 174 hospitalized with probable/confirmed Covid-19, S=32.2%

35 mild: S=28.6%
107 moderate: S=30.8%
32 severe: S=40.6%

15 ICU: S=46.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,399/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 445 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), ES=15.1%

Of 238 with symptoms, ES=18.1%

Of 72 still symptomatic after 4 weeks, ES=16.7%

Meaning of ES not clear

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,400/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 172 who survived Covid-19, 3.5% were active smokers & 8.7% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,401/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.1% & F=2%

12 mild: C=16.7% & F=0
64 moderate: C=4.7% & F=1.6%
22 severe/critical: C=4.5% & F=4.5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,402/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker; F=former smoker

Of 3,382 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.1% % F=6.9%

1,684 confirmed: S=3.5% & F=7.5%
1,694 clinically diagnosed: S=4.7% & F=6.4%

191 died: S=4.2% & F=4.2%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,402/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker; F=former smoker

Of 3,382 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.1% % F=6.9%

1,684 confirmed: S=3.5% & F=7.5%
1,694 clinically diagnosed: S=4.7% & F=6.4%

191 died: S=5.8% & F=4.2%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,403/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 50 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 2% was a current smoker & 16% had a history of smoking

Of 15 who died, zero were current smokers & 13.3% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,404/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

NA=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,186 in ICU with Covid-19, NA=9.6%

Of 783 who died, NA=10%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-624…
3,405/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 1,188 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, 21% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,406/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 126 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.8%

Of 45 hospitalized without Covid-19, S=35.6%

Of 50 healthy controls, S=38%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,407/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 329 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,408/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 807 with Covid-19, S=25.7%

Of 514 hospitalized, S=29.8%

Of 34 who died, S=14.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
3,409/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 128* in ICU with Covid-19 who underwent surgical or percutaneous tracheostomy, 7.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,410/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 174 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23% were smokers (22.4% reported)

Of 13 who died, 7.7% was a smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,411/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 406 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 32% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,412/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoker: A=active, E=ever

Of 1,088 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, A=21% & E=38.5%

191 positive: A=10.5% & E=30.4%
890 negative: A=23.5% & E=40.6%

Continued
3,412a/

Of 44 with Covid-19 admitted to ICU and/or who died, A=4.5% & E=38.6%

Of 87 without Covid-19 admitted to ICU and/or who died, A=27.6% & E=46%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,413/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 82 recovering after severe or critical COVID-19, 9.8% were active smokers & 41.5% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,414/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 348 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.8% were ever smokers

Of 141 who died, 17.7% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,415/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 11 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 5 were current or former smokers (45.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,416/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of some patients hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.9% were smokers and zero were vapers

Notes:

couldn't find number of patients
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,417/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 10,545 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=58% & F=11.7%

Of 983 hospitalized, C=62.2% & F=18.4%

124 ICU: C=54% & F=21.8%

276 died: C=72.5% & F=17%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

But 👇 🤷‍♂️ Image
3,418/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

N=nicotine use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 19 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, N=21.1%

Of 34 matched controls with non-Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO (2015-2020), N=53%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,419/

Lithuania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.6% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Of 51 without chronic lung disease who survived for at least 2 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19... 👇 Image
3,420/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 37 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 8.1% were smokers & 32.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,421/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)
Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)
Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 152 outpatients with Covid-19, 11.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,422/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,921 tested for antibodies, 17.6% were current "smokers"*

Of 42 positive, 9.5% were current "smokers"

* "16% were smokers, 2% used nicotine substitutes, and 29% were former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,423/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 8,460 hospital & university workers tested for antibodies, C=23.3% & F=14.3%

Of 647* positive, C=15.3% & F=21.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Last sentence 👎 Image
3,424/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 75 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 45.3% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,425/

Pakistan, Egypt, Singapore, UAE (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9%, 21.4%, 16.5% & 14.8% in 2017)

Of 20 with cerebral venous thrombosis who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 45% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,426/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 277 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.2% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,427/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 92 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.4% were smokers

Of 20 with acute pulmonary embolism, 5% was a smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,428/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.7% in 2019)

Of 122 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 16.4% were former smokers

Of 39 admitted to ICU, 7.7% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,429/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 39 age 35 to 40 who recovered from mild or moderate Covid-19 but had post-infection neurological symptoms, four were smokers (10.3%)

Note: not specified... "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,430/

Czech Republic (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 835 with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder & SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=18.4%

786 mild: FCS=18.2%
47 more severe: FCS=23.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,431/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 600 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.8% were current smokers & 32.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,432/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 37 who survived for at least 6 months after admission to ICU with Covid-19, 35.1% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,433/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

tobacco/nicotine use: A=current; F=former

Of 4,040 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antibody), A=11.9% & F=2%

Of 270 positive, A=8.5% & F=1.5%

Continued
3,433a/

Current use only

C=cigarette
W=waterpipe
R=roll your own
E=electronic device
D=daily

Of the same 4,040 tested:

C=10.9%; DC=9.1%
W=2.4%; DW=1.7%
R=0.5%; DR=0.4%
E=0.8%; DE=0.7%

Of 270 positive:

C=8.1%; DC=6.7%
W=1.1%; DW=1.1%
R=0
E=0.4%; DE=0

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
3,434/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 105 mechanically ventilated with Covid-19, 21% were smokers

Of 40 w/ probable pulmonary mold infections, 5 or 10% were smokers (reported w/ different nos.)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,435/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 55 with Covid-19-associated respiratory failure, 30.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,436/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=current or previous smoking

Of ~175* age 65+ hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=35%

Of 21* with delirium, S=38%

Of 53* who died, S=47%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,437/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 74 outpatients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 & suspected pulmonary embolism, S=18.9% & X=13.5%

Of 28 with perfusion defects, S=18.9% & X=13.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,438/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 173 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were current smokers & 17.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,439/

Earth

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Same subjects as in tweet 2,286

430 with very mild to mild symptoms: C=4.7% & F=15.3%

138 with moderate to severe symptoms: C=2.9% & F=14.5%

3,440/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 5,224 hospitalized with confirmed or highly suspected Covid-19, A=5.2% & F=15.9%

342 ICU: A=8.8% & F=24%

1,059 died (all causes): A=5.8% & F=26%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,441/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, Q=quit

Of 58 with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, A=5.2% & Q=19%

23 severe: A=4.3% & Q=30.4%

Note: There's an error. 'A' numbers could be 'Q' & vice versa.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,442/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 976 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were current smokers & 24.3% were former smokers

Of 284 with acute kidney injury, 6.3% were current smokers & 27.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,443/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 640* hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers

Of 44* who died, 6.8% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,444/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 531 age 65+ hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 3.2% were active smokers & 24.7% were former smokers

Of 116 w/ previously diagnosed dementia, 4.3% were active smokers & 23.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,445/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 160 in ICU with Covid-19, 10.6% were smokers

Of 39 who died, 20.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history of smoking" appeared 5 times

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,446/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 326 with Covid-19, S=20.9%

62 asymptomatic: S=22.6%
264 symptomatic: S=20.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,447/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 13 hospitalized due to covid-19 with venous thromboembolism, 2 were current smokers (15.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,448/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 46 with postinfectious fatigue syndrome for at least 6 months after Covid-19 diagnosis, 4.3% were smokers

Of 46 who fully recovered from Covid-19, 8.7% were smokers

not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,449/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 725 pregnant women diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.9% smoked during pregnancy

Of 1,459 pregnant women not diagnosed with Covid-19, 3.8% smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,450/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 84 post-COVID-19 patients discharged from an acute care setting & admitted to a pulmonary rehabilitation unit, S=11.9% & X=41.7%

24 ventilated: S=12.5% & X=45.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,451/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 60 outpatients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 30% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,452/

Spain

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…

Apparently same patients as study in tweet 2,412

3,453/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 976 with Covid-19, S=11.3%

Of 432 hospitalized, S=10.4%

Of 123 admitted to ICU and/or who died, S=11.4%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
3,454/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 14 hospitalized with Covid-19 who apparently survived, zero were smokers

Of 7 healthy controls, zero were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ah…
3,455/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 160 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were smokers

50 critical: 6% were smokers
110 non-critical: 5.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,456/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 602 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.6% were past or present smokers

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,457/

Iraq

Of 160 age 34 to 65 with Covid-19: 80 smokers (S) & 80 non-smokers (N) in relatively well-matched groups

65 mild: S=40 & N=25
95 severe: S=40 & N=55

8 died: S=3 & N=5

Much more detail in paper

Note to authors: error in Table 1 wrt gender

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,458/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 255 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-646…
3,459/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 138 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Comment: unacceptable in June 2021 👇 Image
3,460/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 94 hospitalized with Covid-19, 47.9% were smokers

Of 21 with dysphonia, 52.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,461/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 128 rheumatoid arthritis patients with Covid-19, S=3.1%
49 hospitalized: S=0

Of 760 RA pts without Covid-19, S=9.3%

Of 92 w/ Covid-19 without RA, S=23.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,462/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 2,839 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.3% were current smokers & 28.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,463/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 88 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19 & suspected pulmonary embolism, 8% were active smokers

Of 47 with PE, 6.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,464/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 111 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure, 17.1% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,465/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 64 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.6% was a current smoker & 21.9% were former smokers

Of 21 admitted to ICU and/or who died, zero were current smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,466/

Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.1% in 2019)

Of 117 symptomatic outpatients with confirmed COVID-19, 10.3% were tobacco or nicotine users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,467/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 501 with Covid-19, C=? & F=?

Authors contradicted themselves. Hopefully a correction will be issued

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34185760/
3,468/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 21 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, two were current smokers (9.5%) & 5 were former smokers (23.8%)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,469/

Pennsylvania, USA

Of 29 age 4 to 19 reporting persistent symptoms six weeks or more after COVID-19 infection, zero had any history of smoking or vaping & 3.4% had secondhand exposure

Note: mean age was 13.1

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,470/

Mexico (smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=current smoking

Of 44 SARS-CoV-2-positive undergoing emergency surgery, S=43.2%

14 asymptomatic: S=14.3%
30 symptomatic: S=56.7%

23 with postop complications: S=56.5%

12 died within 90 days: S=58.3%
researchsquare.com/article/rs-676…
3,471/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,103 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=4.7%

946 with B.1.1.7: CS=4.5%
157 with non-VOC: CS=5.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,472/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 91 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,473/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 48 with both acute cardiac condition (STEMI, NSTEMI, and DHF) and Covid-19 diagnosis, 31.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,474/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Smoking: C=current, P=past
D=daily, O=occasional

Of 1,608 university employees tested for antibodies, C=19.6% (D=13.3%; O=6.3%) & P=23.6%

Of 50 positive, C=20% (D=8%; O=12%) & P=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,475/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 496 with Covid-19, 6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,476/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking; H=hookah

Of ~428* with Covid-19, S=7.7%* & H=3.5%*

Of ~173* with olfactory dysfunction, S=6.4% & H=3.6%

Notes:

*calculated
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,477/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 131 maintenance hemodialysis patients with confirmed Covid-19, CS=29.8%

101 mild/moderate: CS=31.7%
30 severe/critical: CS=23.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,478/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.5% & F=25.8%

14 mild/moderate: C=14.3% & F=14.3%
11 severe: C=0 & F=36.4%
6 critical: C=0 & F=66.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,479/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,071 Covid-19 outpatients, SH=28.3%

902 age 18-59: SH=29.4%
169 age 60+: SH=22.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction

Kuwait

Numbers reported in study were accurate; the error was mine. 66 total patients, not 76

3,480/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 6,564 hospitalized with COVID‐19‐related pulmonary involvement, 26.2% had a history of smoking/tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,481/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 162 with myasthenia gravis, 10.5% were active smokers & 27.8% were previous smokers

Of 11 with probable or confirmed Covid-19, zero were active smokers & 45.5% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,482/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 10,504 (presumed) essential workers tested for antibodies, S=25.9% & X=15.8%

Of 1,024 positive, S=16.8% & X=14%

ORs (positive)
S=0.45
X=0.72

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,483/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 50 severely ill in ICU with Covid-19, 32% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,484/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 109 pregnant women with Covid-19, ten had a smoking habit (9.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,485/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 59 with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized for Covid-19, 3.4% were current smokers & 28.8% were former smokers

Of 18 who died, zero were current smokers & 44.45 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,486/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 164 with Covid-19, 10.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,487/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of up to 1,413 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=2.3% & P=12.8%

Of 530 who died, C=1.9% & P=17.1%

Note: Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
3,488/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

Of 154 w/ autoimmune diseases & diagnosed w/ Covid-19 who survived for at least 3 months, 4.5% were current tobacco users & 9.7% were former tobacco users*

*calculated; former not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,489/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 287 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory failure, T=13.2%

Of 93 who died in ICU, T=12.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,490/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 50 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were tobacco users (4%)

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,491/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 125 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20% were smokers

Of 24 who died, 50% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34212921/
3,492/

Mexico (smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 58 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 19% were smokers (S)

21 severe: S=23.8%
37 critical: S=16.2%

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,493/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 23,017 hospitalized with Covid-19, 44.5% were former or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,494/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 58 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers & 44.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,495/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)
USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 800 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.1% were current smokers & 36.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Kansas, USA

Of 84 hospitalized, "Thirty-eight percent of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were current or former smokers. Fifty-eight percent...had no history of tobacco, alcohol, or drug abuse."

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/je…

3,496/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,799 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=27.6 (27.7% reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,497/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

8,997 individuals: 8.9% were ever smokers

854 positive: "The lowest odds of testing positive were for: ever-smoker (0.64 (0.46-0.91))..."

researchsquare.com/article/rs-688…

👇 Image
3,498/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

AS=active smoking
FS=former smoking
AV=active vaping

Of 577 hospitalized with Covid-19:
AS=14%
FS=32.8%
AV=4.5% (4.6% reported)

78 mechanically ventilated:
AS=21.8%
FS=37.2%
AV not reported

Continued

👇 Image
3,498a/

Notes:

Active vapers were less likely than active smokers to have COPD or emphysema (see table)

All or almost all included in study in tweet 1,667

Image
3,499/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 62 Covid-19 patients in ICU with severe pneumonia, 46.8% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,500/

Norway (adult daily smoking rate was 9% in 2019. Daily & non-daily smoking was 20.2% in 2016)

Of 141 still alive at least 90 days after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 2 were daily smokers (1.4%) & 39.7% were formerly daily smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note👇 Image
3,501/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 9,778 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,502/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 60 age 18+ with non-severe Covid-19, 10% were current smokers

Of 20 healthy 18-year-old controls, 15% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,503/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,559 hospital workers tested for antibodies using a number of different methods, 22.5% were smokers

Results are contradictory & Table 2 doesn't make sense.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,504/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 221 age 75+ hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=25.3%

Of 97 who died, SH=18.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,505/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 30 hospitalized with Covid-19 & diagnosed with encephalopathy, 10% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,506/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, P=previous

Of 183 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), A=6.6% & P=39.3%

Of 17 with venous thromboembolic events, A=6.2% & P=43.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,507/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,508/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 501 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.4% were smokers & 28.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,509/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 76 or 77 with Covid-19 ARDS, 22 or 23 were former smokers (29% or 30%)

Notes:

79 patients total
current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,510/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 148 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 14.2% were current cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,511/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 10 treated with a biologic for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis who tested positive for Covid-19, two were ex-smokers (20%)

Current smoking not mentioned, presumably because there was none

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,512/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 78 moderate to severe hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, 6.4% were active smokers & 43.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,513/

Austria (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.3% in 2017)

NA=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 230 men hospitalized with Covid-19, NA=20.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,514/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 517 diagnosed with Covid-19, "21 patients (4.1%) were current smokers"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im… Image
3,515/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 5,518 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.3% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,516/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 600 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=37.2% & X=12.3%

42 with thromboembolism: C=33.3% & X=16.7%

174 died within 90 days: C=51.1% & X=8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,517/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CF=current or former

Of 976 hospitalized Covid-19 pts with severe hypoxic respiratory failure, 29.6% were CF smokers

Of 934 of the same pts, 3.5% were CF vapers

all numbers calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,518/

Qatar (tobacco smoking age 15+ estimated at 13.1% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 2,019 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=14.1% & X=6.8%

Of 296 positive, C=11.8% & X=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,519/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 373 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=15%

Of 75 with thrombotic events: S=16%
34 arterial: S=15%
42 venous: S=17%

Of 75 who died: S=18%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,520/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 1,017 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.7% were smokers

Of 166 with delirium, 12.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,521/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 496 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.4%

185 non-severe: S=22.2%
165 severe: S=21.8%
146 critical: S=19.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,522/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 331 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=21.8%

221 asymptomatic, mild to moderate: HS=22.4%
50 severe to critical, or death: HS=18%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,523/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 51 kidney transplant recipients (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19 who received remdesivir, five had a history of smoking (9.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,524/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 1,909 in ICU with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 14% were current smokers

Of 1,101 who died, 15.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,525/

Minnesota & Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.1% & 16.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 9,928 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=7.6% & F=22.7%

Of 474 hospitalized and/or who died, C=4.6% & F=53.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,526/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 10 diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, A=50% & F=20%

Of 7 diagnosed with ACS while hospitalized in 2019, A=57.1% & F=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,527/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, C=1 (2.5%) & F=7 (17.5%)

15 mild: C=0 & F=3 (20%)
25 severe: C=1 (4%) & F=4 (16%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Israel

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 135 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=11.1%

22 asymptomatic: S=18.2%
96 mild: S=11.5%
17 severe: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,528/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 121 intubated for severe COVID-19 related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and subsequently weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation, 24.8% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,529/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 495 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=8.1% & F=38.6%

Of 429 hospitalized with influenza, A=20.7% & F=40.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,530/

Florida, USA (adult male current smoking rate was 15.7% in 2019)

Of 29 men who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, two were former smokers (6.9%) & 27 were never smokers (93.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,531/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 44 dialysis patients with Covid-19, CS=7 (15.9%)

21 mild: CS=4 (19%)
12 moderate: CS=0
11 severe: CS=3 (27.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,532/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 81 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, seven were current smokers (8.6%)

Of 52 positive, four were current smokers (7.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,533/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 58 intubated in ICU due to Covid-19, 58.6% were active smokers

Of 36 who died, 63.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,534/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

ND=nicotine dependence

Of 346,943 diagnosed with Covid-19, ND=7%

Of 3,879 w/ pulmonary embolism, ND=10.3%

Note: at least 88.6% of individuals in USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,535/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 24 severe hypoxic ambulatory Covid-19 patients, "none were pregnant nor were smokers"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,536/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 177 medical doctors who recovered from acute Covid-19, 14.1% were current smokers

ORs for post-COVID symptoms (current smoker vs never/former):

unadjusted: 0.39
adjusted: 0.62

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,537/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 68 with severe Covid-19, five had a smoking history (7.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,538/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

NT=nicotine dependence/tobacco use (not specified..)

Of 85,645 with Covid-19, NT=15.8%

Of 154 with Covid-19 & intracerebral hemorrhage, NT=20.8%

Of 667 with ICH but without Covid-19, NT=27.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,539/

Iowa, Wisconsin & Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rates were 16.6%, 16.1% & 20.5% in 2019)

Of 173 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 42.2% were current or former cigarette smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
3,540/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 118* with mild Covid-19, T=36.4%

Of 35 with post-Covid syndrome, T=31.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,541/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 465 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.1% were active smokers

Brazil, Ireland, Saudi Arabia, UAE, USA, and apparently mostly Canada

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,542/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 328 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.5% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-688…
3,543/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 201* hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.5% were smokers

Of 52* who qualified for ICU and/or who died, 9.6% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-701…
3,544/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019 & current vaping age 16+ was ~6% in 2020)

C=current; F=former
S=smokers; V=vapers

Of 249* outpatients with Covid-19:

CS=13.3%
FS=20.5%
CV & FS=2.8%
CV & never S=0.4%

*Table 1 numbers don't add up

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
3,545/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 72 with Covid-19, A=1.4% & X=36.1%

20 mild: A=0 & X=40%
34 severe: A=2.9% & X=35.3%
18 critical: A=0 & X=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,546/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 423 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=25.2%

Of 128 who died and/or were intubated, CFS=21.9%

Note: Those with missing data (n=13) counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,547/

Italy

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 467 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=16.9%

Of 122 with ARDS at admission, S=17.2%

Of 107 who died, S=18.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Apparently same patients as in tweet 3,101

3,548/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 121 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.3% had a tobacco use history

Of 73 with post-acute sequelae, 24.7% had a tobacco use history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,549/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 649 with confirmed or highly-suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=16.2%

When calculated with apparent missing data, N=617 & S=16.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,550/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: PC=past/current, SH=second hand

Of 174 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, PC=17.2% & SH=44.3%

Continued
3,550a/

28 asymptomatic: PC=28.6% & SH=50%
51 mild/moderate: PC=5.9% & SH=41.2%
95 severe/critical: PC=20% & SH=44.2%

Of 42 uninfected healthy controls, PC=11.9% & SH=45.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,551/

Kentucky, USA (adult current smoking rate was 23.4% in 2019)

Of 522 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34.9% were current or former smokers

Of 219 critically ill, 37.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,552/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 1,874 health care workers tested for antibodies, 18.1% were current smokers

Of 188 positive, 14.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,553/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 655 with cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers & 27.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,554/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 50 with severe or critical Covid-19, 6% were smokers & 20% were previous smokers

Note: in text it says, "previous or current smoking (30%)", so 2 patients may not have been counted

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,555/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 3 times)

Of 508 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=15.7%

Of 239 symptomatic, S=14.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,556/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 40 who recovered from Covid-19 & 20 uninfected controls, "No patients or controls were current smokers"

Not clear if this was by design; authors didn't say

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,557/

Romania (smoking rate age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 149 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.8% were current smokers & 13.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,558/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 81 intubated in ICU with Covid-19, 30.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,559/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 138,792 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=6.7%

Subset of 4,056 (with rheumatoid arthritis & matched controls): S associated with increased hospitalization & mortality

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,560/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,244 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.9% & F=28.3%

Calculated (apparent missing data)

1,208 hospitalized: C=4.1% & F=29.1%

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,561/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 3,001 who died Covid-19-related deaths, 3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/trstmh/advance…
3,562/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 age 60+ who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.9%

Of 42 hospitalized, S=2.4%

academic.oup.com/biomedgerontol…
3,563/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 190 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=11.6% & F=30.5%

Of 190 hospitalized for seasonal coronavirus (2011-2020), C=10% & F=35.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-701…
3,564/

Malaysia (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 498 diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.2% were smokers

Of 206 who reported loss of smell and/or taste, 10.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-696…
3,565/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,397,509 veterans, C=23.5% & F=26.2%

Of 181,384 with Covid-19, C=18.1% & F=28.2%

25,397 hospitalized: C=19.4% & F=31.2%

6,038 ICU: C=19.2% & F=31.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-438…
3,566/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 922 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,567/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: A=active, H=history

Of 30 attributing persistent symptoms to a past viral illness consistent with Covid-19, A=3.3% & H=43.3%

All tested for antibodies. 15 positive: A=0 & H=53.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,568/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 105 outpatients with mild Covid-19, 40% were smokers

Of 105 matched healthy controls, 44.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,569/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

SH=current smoking or hookah use

Of 364 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=4.4%

Of 64 who died, SH=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,570/

Illinois, USA (current smoking was 14.5% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=past

All hospitalized:

Of 55 with Covid-19, C=0 & P=25.5%
158 other pneumonia: C=14.6% & P=39.2%
37 other viral pneumonia: C=13.5% & P=40.5%
40 no pneumonia: C=15% & P=22.5%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,571/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (any history)

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19 and assessed for pulmonary embolism, S=12.8%

Of 102 with PE, S=18.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34254850/
3,572/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,910 veterans with ALS, T=7.3%

699 tested for SARS-CoV-2: T=12%

68 positive: T=5.9%

21 hospitalized: T=9.5%

9 ICU: T=0

13 died: T=7.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mu…
3,573/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 25 with Parkinson's disease and Covid-19, zero were smokers

…mentdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/md…
3,574/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, P=past

Of 208 who survived Covid-19, A=7.2% & P=9.1%

86 mild: A=10.5% & P=9.3%
49 moderate: A=8.1% & P=2.1%
73 severe: A=2.7 & P=13.7%

A & P combined for other outcomes

researchsquare.com/article/rs-685…
3,575/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 3,418 in ICU with Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers ("does not include vaping or non-tobacco products")

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,576/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 110 with Covid-19 hospitalized with confirmed or imminent respiratory failure, 3.6% were past or present smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,577/

Bahrain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2017)

Of 83,811 with confirmed Covid-19, 2% were current smokers & 1.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,578/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 32 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, fourteen were ever smokers (43.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,579/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 211,797 age 30+ with confirmed or presumed Covid-19, 1.6%* were smokers

Notes:

*calculated
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,580/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

"Of all 295 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, only 24 (8.1%) were current smokers with moderate smoking or above, which accounted for 54.2% of severe cases with higher mortality..."

Paywall

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34258966/ Image
3,581/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 126 or 127* hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.1% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-711…
3,582/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 72 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 12.5% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-698…
3,583/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 583 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.1% were current tobacco users (or had quit less than 6 months before admission)

academic.oup.com/cid/article/73…
3,584/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 973 with systemic autoimmune disease, C=13.3% & F=28.1%

Of 470 tested for SARS-CoV-2 (various methods), C=14% & F=32.8%

Of 36 positive, C=2.8% & F=36.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,585/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 658 with Covid-19, C=6.2% & F=1.2%

Of 426 hospitalized, C=6.8% & F=1.2%

Of 105 in ICU, C=10.5% & F=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,586/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 2,338 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers

OR death (current smoker): 0.99 (0.74-1.34)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,587/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 1,170 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.7% were smokers or former smokers (3.6% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,588/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 169 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,589/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, S=8

Of the 81 who were adults, S=8 (9.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,590/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,246* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.5% were current smokers

Of 243* who died, 9.1% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,591/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 248 in ICU with Covid-19, 19.8% had a history of smoking

Of 99* with secondary infectious complication(s), 21.2% had a history of smoking

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,592/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 328 hospitalized with symptomatic Covid-19, 7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,593/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 236 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.7% were current smokers & 9.7% were former smokers

ORs (active smoker)
ICU: 2.43
mortality: 6.15

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34263660/
3,594/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34 were smokers & 6 had quit

Of 33 in ICU, 14 were smokers (42.4%) & 5 had quit (15.2%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,595/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 376 w/ confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.4% were smokers

Of a subset of 362 of them, 11.9% were smokers

Of 340 in the subset who were symptomatic, 9.8% were smokers

not specified...
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,596/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 242 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,597/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 303 who survived acute Covid-19, 13.5% were smokers & 23.1% were ex-smokers

Of 189 hospitalized, 9% were smokers & 29.1% were ex-smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
3,598/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 197 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (non-hospitalized):

cigarettes=9.1%
cigars=1%
marijuana=7.6%
e-cigarettes/vaping=5.1%

Notes:

all current use
possible dual/multiple use not mentioned

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
3,599/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 96 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers & 41.7% were ex-smokers

Of 22 who died, 13.6% were smokers & 45.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,600/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 12 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, "Only one patient was a smoker (8%) with a documented chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,601/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 504 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.1% were current smokers (CS)

132 nonsevere: CS=11.4%
372 severe: CS=9.7%

101 died: CS=8.9%

aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nc…
3,602/

Turkey (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42% in 2017)

Of 24 men age 18 to 49 recovering from Covid-19, 50% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
3,603/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 288 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 4.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,604/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 313 with Covid-19, 11.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,605/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 14 with COVID-19 ARDS who survived an ICU stay greater than or equal to 7 days, 7.1% was an active smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,606/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 24,511 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=6.8% & F=51%

Of 121,270 matched controls (2019) from the general population, C=13.8% & F=43.2%

Continued
3,606a/

Of 15,931 hospitalized with influenza & discharged alive, C=18% & F=46.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,607/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 50 with COVID-19 reporting cognitive complaints at least three months after disease onset, 4 were tobacco smokers (8%*)

*16% reported. Maybe smoking status data for only 25 of them?

researchsquare.com/article/rs-704…
3,608/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SFS=smoker or former smoker

Of 864 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SFS=30%

292 progressed to a complicated or severe stage of COVID-19: SFS=34.6%

Note: Europe, plus/including Turkey

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34279815/
3,609/

Pakistan (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 555 with Covid-19, "13 patients (2.3%) were identified as chain smokers and 4 patients (0.7%) had a history of smoking"

E=ever smoker

246 mild: E=3.3%
170 moderate: E=4.1%
139 severe: E=1.4%

Continued
3,609a/

12 died: E=zero

Note: smoking was focus of study; worth reading

Last sentence: "We should investigate the role of nicotine or nitric oxide (NO) as a drug-treatment in the COVID-19 virus infection."

vlibrary.emro.who.int/imemr/less-dis…
3,610/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 177 health care workers who tested positive for antibodies, 1.1% were smokers & 7.9% were vapers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,611/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

56,715 w/ suspected Covid-19: S=8.2%

"62.6% were positive for COVID-19, and of these, 14% developed pneumonia, 20.7% were hospitalised, 2.9% were intubated and 8.1% died"

Continued
3,611a/

ORs (S): univariate, multivariate

positive: 0.78, 0.76
pneumonia: 0.81, 0.81
intubated: 1.17, 1.08
death: 0.82, 0.81

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,612/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

XCS=ex- or current smoker

Of 220 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 who survived, XCS=36.8%

44 ICU: XCS=31.8%

"A greater proportion of patients with persistent symptoms were ex- or current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,613/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 143 with hematological disease & confirmed or presumed Covid-19, 19.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,614/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 4,054 with Covid-19, CS=2.6%

Of 468 hospitalized and/or who died, CS=2.6%

Of 190 admitted to ICU and/or who died, CS=1.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,615/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,277 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.9% & F=23.2%

Of 627 with liver injury, C=4.3% & F=19.8%

Of 119 with severe liver injury, C=5% & F=20.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,616/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 146 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,617/

Bahrain (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 492 males hospitalized with severe Covid-19, C=6.1% & X=9.3%

Of 30 with new onset atrial fibrillation, C=10% & F=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,618/

Cameroon (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.6% in 2017)

Of 177 with Covid-19, 7.3% were smokers

Of 113 with neurological symptoms, 8.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,619/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 175 hospitalized for Covid-19, 12.6% were current smokers & 25.1% had a past smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,620/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 105 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, 18.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,621/

Turkey (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42% in 2017)

Of 358 males diagnosed with Covid-19, 73.5% were smokers

Of 92 controls (male urology outpatients), 71.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
3,622/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 100 age 19 to 39 who recovered from acute Covid-19, 36% were smokers

Of 49 with post-Covid cardiac involvement, 34.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,623/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)
Bolivia (adult smoking rate was 23.8% in 2015)

Of 204 in critical care units with Covid-19, 27% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,624/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 57 with history of migraine hospitalized with Covid-19, 7% were active smokers

Of 114 matched controls without history of headache hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,625/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 470 hospitalized with severe hypoxemia associated with Covid-19 pneumonia, 13.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,626/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 1,010 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.1% were smokers

Of 386 who died, 30.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,627/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 53 age 39+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.4% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,628/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 9,908 hospitalized with Covid-19 infection, 5.4% were active smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Much overlap with studies in tweets 1,809 & 2,807

3,629/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

Of 1,232 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18% had a history of smoking

Note: Johns Hopkins

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Much overlap with study in tweet 2,035 (n.b. current vs history)

3,630/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 395 with Covid-19, 11.4% were smokers

Of 95 with gastrointestinal symptoms, 11.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,631/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were smokers (1.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,632/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 144 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, S=2.8% (2.7% reported)

Of 175 random controls without diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, S=14.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,633/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 46 age 40+ with additional high-risk criteria (≥65 years, cardiovascular comorbidities, diabetes, and BMI≥30 kg/m2) & with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 50% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,634/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 338 with Covid-19 admitted to an isolation hospital, "Only 25 (7.4%) were smokers"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,635/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 470 with multiple sclerosis or related autoimmune inflammatory disorders with confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19, 27% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,636/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 76 critically ill in ICU w/ Covid-19, CS=14.5% (15.1% reported)

56 died: CS=14.3%

Of 76 matched controls hospitalized (non-ICU) w/ moderate Covid-19, CS=9.2% (9.3% reported)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,637/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 40 followed-up about 3 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% were active smokers

Of 21 who showed residual lung function abnormalities, 9.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,638/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 32 intubated Covid-19 patients, 37.5% had a history of tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,639/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

TD="tobacco-related disorders" 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 255,594 age 18 to 64 hospitalized with Covid-19, TD=11.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs for death, invasive mechanical ventilation & ICU admission 👇 ImageImage
3,640/

Of 89 with Covid-19, 14.6% were active smokers

Of 36 admitted to ICU, intubated and/or who died within 22 days, 22.2% were active smokers

Not stated where; authors from Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34288966/
3,641/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 916 tested for Covid-19, 32.3% were active smokers

Of 67 positive, 9% were active smokers

ORs:

active smoking=0.19
heavy=0.08
moderate=0.21

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34288955/ Image
3,642/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,006 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 14.7% had a smoking history

Note: not stated where in US; most authors from Tennessee

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
3,643/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% were current smokers & 43.3% were ex-smokers

Of 61 hospitalized with influenza (2017-2019), 21.3% were current smokers & 31.1% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,644/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 226 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.6% were smokers

Of 68 who died, 20.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,645/

Iceland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.4% in 2017)

Of 4,352 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 9.1% were current smokers

Of 2,860 positive, 43.8% were prior smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs: outpatient or worse, hospital or worse, ICU or death Image
3,646/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 9,363 tested for antibodies, 2.9% were smokers

Of 5,076 positive, 2.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but current appears to be more likely

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,647/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 100 in ICU with severe Covid-19 (confirmed or presumed) who acquired bacterial infections, 31 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

All 100 died

researchsquare.com/article/rs-685…
3,648/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,250 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.9% were current smokers

Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, Mexico, the UK, and the USA

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
3,649/

Vietnam (adult tobacco smoking rate was 22.5% in 2015)

Of 3,034 tested for antibodies, 429 had a history of smoking (14.1%)

Of 13 positive, one had a history of smoking (7.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,650/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 181 with active or a history of cancer who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=8.3% & F=21.5%

Of 157 symptomatic, C=7.6% & F=21%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,651/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 214 outpatients with Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,652/

Europe

Of 62 SARS-CoV-2-positive STEMI patients, 22.6% were active smokers

Of 310 SARS-CoV-2-negative STEMI patients in a matched control group, 35.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,653/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 9,386 hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.1% & F=23.4%

Of 197* with venous thrombotic events, C=6.4% & F=25.9%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Overlap

3,654/

H=on oxygen support while hospitalized with Covid-19

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,197 H, S=14.7%

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,197 H, S=21.6%

Continued
3,654a/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 60 H, S=3.3%

Germany & Austria (current smoking age 15+ was 28.4% & 29.9% in 2017)

Of 39 H, S=impossible, unless I misunderstood. If I did, numbers are 11.5%, 21.2%, 3.3% & 43.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,655/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco, F=former smoker

Of 3,380 health care workers tested for antibodies, T=5.5% & F=5%

Of 1,050 positive, T=5.7% & F=5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,656/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 24 critically ill with Covid-19 and refractory shock, 4 had a history of smoking (16.7%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-704…
3,657/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 1,511 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
3,658/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 602 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8%

130 deteriorated: S=8.5%

63 to moderate: S=7.9%
42 to severe: S=9.5%
25 to critical: S=8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-690… Image
3,659/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 263 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
3,660/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 20 who died in hospital after presenting with probable or confirmed COVID-19, five were active smokers (25%)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
3,661/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 588* with Covid-19 hospitalized in cardiology units, 27.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/europace/advan…
3,662/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 13,920 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 12.8% were current smokers & 46.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,663/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 3,244 pregnant women hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=8%

1,368 wild type: CS=7.2%
1,719 alpha variant: CS=8.6%
157 delta variant: CS=7.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,664/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 21 women, 15 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & 6 uninfected, admitted for delivery at a maternity hospital, "None of the patients had a smoking habit"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,665/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 342 attending a hospital for COVID-19 diagnosis or treatment, CS=11.4%

Of 248 SARS-CoV-2 positive, CS=11.7%
176 hospitalized: CS=10.2%
60 intubated in ICU, CS=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,666/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,239 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=10.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,667/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,434 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.2% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,668/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 83* hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.8% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,669/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 280 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,670/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 230 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (non-hospitalized), 30.9% were current or ex-smokers

Of 230 controls who tested negative, 30.4% were current or ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,671/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51 with SARS-CoV2 infection S=4 (7.8%)

29 hospitalized: S=1 (3.4%)

7 died: S=zero

researchsquare.com/article/rs-700…
3,672/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 375 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Note: Queens

researchsquare.com/article/rs-752…
3,673/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 592 with confirmed COVID-19 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 10.5% were current smokers

Of 310 who died, 12.9% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-710…
3,674/

China

researchsquare.com/article/rs-729…

same patients as in tweet 1,727

3,675/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

SX=smokers or ex-smokers

Of 79 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, SX=50.6%

40 ICU: SX=42.5%

14 reported dysphonia ~3 months later: "5 (35.7%) of them were former smokers" (S=0)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,676/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 3,253 health care workers tested for antibodies, 4.3% were smokers

Of 646 positive, 4.3% were smokers (4.4% reported; not explained why)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,677/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 110 (presumably hospitalized) with moderate to severe Covid-19, 27.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,678/

Of 73 with multiple sclerosis & suspected or confirmed Covid-19 in Brazil (32), Argentina (15), Chile (12), Mexico (8) and Ecuador (6), "Three patients smoked" (4.1%)

2 died: both non-smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,679/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "Eighty-five (42.5%) patients were active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,680/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 516 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.8% were nicotine users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,681/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 645 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=5.3% & X=32.1%

214 admitted to ICU: C=3.3% & X=38.3%

122 died: C=2.5% & X=50%

Note: smoking is focus of study

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34314045/
3,682/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,486,439 diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.5% were current or former smokers

Note: numbers & percentages don't add up in Table 1; could be slightly different

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,683/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,755 age 50+ with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 11.3% were current smokers & 38.5% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
3,684/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 17.5% were smokers

Of 41 critically ill, 14.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,685/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 72 in ICU with Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers

50 mechanically ventilated: 12% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

¯\_(ツ)_/¯. 👇 Image
3,686/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 955 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers & 29.2% were former smokers

Of 1,017 hospitalized with Covid-19, 0.6% were current vapers & 36% were former vapers 🤨

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,687/

Iceland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.4% in 2017)

Of 20,765 individuals age 18+, 12.3% were current smokers

Of 371 diagnosed with Covid-19, 7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,688/

Kuwait (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 133 in ICU with Covid-19, 9.8% were smokers

Of 78 who died, 7.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,689/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CPT=current or past tobacco use

Of 259,110 with Covid-19, CPT=5.8%

Of 27,057 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, CPT=12.2%

38,203 died: CPT=5.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,690/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 45 outpatients with mild Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 26.7% were ex-smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34316563/
3,691/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 45 hospitalized for Covid-19 with cardiac injury, 33.3% were current or former smokers

academic.oup.com/ehjopen/advanc…
3,692/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

ES=ever smoker

Of 724* tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=5.8%
156* died: ES=25.6%

Of 112* positive (or negative but diagnosed anyway), ES=16.5%
37* died: ES=48.7%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

Continued
3,692a/

Notes:

This study included out- & inpatients. Out of 42 ever smokers, 18 were SARS-CoV-2 positive (or presumed) & 24 were negative. Only 2 of the 42 survived (both negative).

The 2 hospitals bully people who smoke outdoors with voice alerts.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,693/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 10 were smokers (10.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,694/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 2,022 with Covid-19, ES=29.4%

355 asymptomatic: ES=20.3%
669 mild: ES=30.3%
361 moderate: ES=23.8%
303 severe: ES=40%
334 critical: ES=33.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,695/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 109 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers

Of 48 who died, 10.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,696/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 10,541 age 40+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.8% had a history of smoking or vaping

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,697/

Azerbaijan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.9% in 2017)

Of 54 with Covid-19, 40.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-748…
3,698/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 83* health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were current smokers (3.6%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
3,699/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 289 hospitalized with Covid-19, 92.7% were non-smokers

Note: Percentages in Table 1 don't add up. Percentage of non-smokers could be slightly lower

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,700/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 146 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, 23.3% were smokers

Of 30 with anosmia, 26.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,701/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 76 who survived for at least 4 months after Covid-19 diagnosis, HS=15.8%

35 mild (not hospitalized): HS=14.3%
25 moderate/severe: HS=12%
16 critical: HS=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,702/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 117 admitted to a hospital emergency department with Covid-19, 25.6% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: not clear if current + past smokers or past smokers only. This is how it was reported 👇 Image
3,703/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 112 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, nine were current smokers or had smoked in the last year (8%) & 40 were former smokers for at least one year (35.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,704/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 9,605 hospital emergency department visits by 8,761 with Covid-19, 7.9% were by current smokers or vapers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,705/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 1,185 university dormitory residents tested regularly for SARS-CoV-2, 4.1% smoked tobacco

Of 179 or 180 positive on any test, 7.8% smoked tobacco

Continued
3,705a/

Of 1,191 university dormitory residents tested regularly for SARS-CoV-2, 13.5% vaped or used electronic cigarettes

Of 181 positive on any test, 22.1% vaped or used electronic cigarettes

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
3,706/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 105 diagnosed with mild Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 3 were smokers (2.9%)

Of 55 still symptomatic after 14 days, 3 were smokers (5.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,707/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 216 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.4% were current smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

Of 33 who died, 12.1% were current smokers & 36.4% were former smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,708/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 861 with Covid-19, 9.5% were current smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

Continued
3,708a/

smoking: C=current, F=former

53 asymptomatic: C=9.4% & F=15.1%
711 mild (not hospitalized): C=10% & F=27.8%
80 moderate (hosp'd): C=6.3% & F=40%
11 critical: C=zero & F=54.5%
6 died: C=16.7% & F=33.3%

Note: 17 died; 11 w/ missing smoking status

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,709/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 126 with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19, seventeen were smokers (13.5%)*

Notes:

*3.5% reported, probably in error
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,710/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 37,121 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 7.9% were smokers

Of 707 with severe Covid-19, 5.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,711/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 19 who died with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7 were smokers (36.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,712/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 14 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 & had something show up on a lung CT, SH=8 (57.1%)

5 mild: SH=1 (20%)
6 moderate: SH=4 (66.7%)
3 severe: SH=3 (100%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,713/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 779 with Covid-19, 10.5% were current smokers & 21.6% were former smokers

Of 111 hospitalized, 2.7% were current smokers & 37.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,714/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 52 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.8% were current smokers & 21.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,715/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 13,483 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers & 18.2% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,716/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 15,250 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.4% were smokers

Of 285 with acute ischemic stroke at admission, 31.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,717/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 23 outpatients with Covid-19:

3 were active smokers (13%)
4 were ceased smokers (17.4%)
2 were passive smokers 🙄 (8.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,718/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 2,720 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.2% were current smokers & 19.8% were former smokers

Of 594 who died, 3.2% were current smokers & 27.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,719/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

SS="sometime smoker" (not defined; my guess is ever smoker)

Of 629 hospitalized for Covid-19 & discharged alive, SS=25.9%

Of 34 readmitted, SS=44.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,720/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 2,546 with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who developed high risk features* during hospitalization, 6% were smokers & 19.7% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

*👇 Image
3,721/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018: male 50.5% & female 2.1%)

CS=current smoker

Of 159 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=35.2%

Of 25 with cardiovascular events, CS=64%

Comment: Of the 25 with CVE, 12 were male, but 16 were smokers.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,722/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 304 who died due to Covid-19, 4.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,723/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 1,322 tested for antibodies, 25.7% were current smokers

Of 333 positive, 19.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,724/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 9,967 who presented to hospital emergency departments with Covid-19, 3.5% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Some overlap apparently 👇

3,725/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 639 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 13.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,726/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 79 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, CS=4 (5.1%)

60 severe: CS=3 (5%)

19 critical: CS=1 (5.3%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
3,727/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,659 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required invasive mechanical ventilation for any reason, 35.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-751…
Germany

Update

Of 65 who tested positive for antibodies, 10.8% were current or past smokers

Note: question was worded in a way which could lead to misleading results

researchsquare.com/article/rs-688…

3,728/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 247 hospitalized with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.5% were current smokers & 15.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,729/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 15,329 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Same registry 👇

3,730/

(mostly?) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoker (self-reported)

Of 1,518 survey respondents who tested positive for Covid-19, S=14 (0.9%)

Of 977 with follow-up ~30 days later, S=88 (9%)

¯\_(ツ)_/¯.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,731/

Thailand (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.7% in 2017)

Of 500 hospitalized with Covid-19*, 7.8% were smokers

Notes:

*225 asymptomatic, 207 mild, 44 moderate, 18 severe & 6 critical

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,732/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 11,475 with Covid-19, 12.3% were current smokers & 13.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,733/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 404 with Covid-19, 14.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,734/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 455 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=14.1%

Of 145 with acute kidney injury, CS=19.5%

Continued
3,734a/

S=smoking (not specified; maybe assumed current?)

Of 447 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.6%

Of 53 who died, S=7.5%

Note: numbers differ because outcome data was missing for some patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,735/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=3 (5%)

14 asymptomatic: CS=0
25 mild: CS=0
13 moderate: CS=3 (23.1%)
8 severe: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,736/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 123 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,737/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 12,578 with Covid-19, 5.4% were current smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,738/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 215 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 29.8% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,739/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,386* hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were former or current smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,740/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 580 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,741/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 104 with acute myeloid leukemia & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8,8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,742/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 91 with severe or life-threatening Covid-19, 47.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,743/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 77 with chronic myeloid leukemia & Covid-19, 16.9% had a history of smoking

Of 9 who died, 11.1% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,744/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,163 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.7% were current smokers & 23.3% were former smokers

Of 135 with thrombotic events, 5.9% were current smokers & 25.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,745/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 28 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.6% was an active smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,746/

Pennsylvania & New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rates were 17% & 13.1% in 2019)

Of 21 with hematologic malignancies & Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 76.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,747/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 757 with hematologic malignancy & Covid-19, "39% were former or current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,748/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 39 (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19, 10.3% were current smokers (CS)

30 mild: CS=6.7%
9 severe: CS=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,749/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 685 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,750/

Of 22 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection but had persisting symptoms (see below) after 1 to 6 months, 3 were current smokers (13.6%)

Not stated where; authors from Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,751/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,026 w/ Covid-19, S=2.3%*
697 mild: S=1%
164 moderate: S=1.8%
103 severe: S=3.9%
62 critical: S=16.1%

*2.4% reported; other nos. maybe slightly different
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34343963/
3,752/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

C=current; F=former
S=smoking; T=smokeless tobacco

Of 150 tested for SARS-CoV-2:
CS=8.7%
FS=6.7%
CT=3.3%
FT=9.3%

Of 79 positive:
CS=7.6%
FS=8.9%
CT=2.5%
FT=8.9%

aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JP… Image
3,753/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 190 with oral autoimmune disease & mild or moderate Covid-19, 10.5% were smokers

Of 457 with OAD but without Covid-19, 6.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/od…
3,754/

Turkey (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 56 pregnant women diagnosed with Covid-19, S=6 (10.7%)

24 by RT-PCR: S=2 (8.3%)
32 clinically*: S=4 (12.5%)

*29 tested for IgM: 19 were negative

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,755/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S="Active or second hand smoker at home"

Of 310 young adults (median age 37.4) with Covid-19, S=17.7%

23 hospitalized: S=17.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,756/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.2% in 2019)

Of 103 people living with HIV with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.3% were active smokers & 56.3% were former smokers

34 hospitalized: 23.5% were active smokers & 61.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,757/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

T= tobacco use within the previous 2 weeks

Of 293 patients or employees at Federally Qualified Health Centers tested for antibodies, T=11.2%

73 positive: T=8.2%

Total, number positive, number negative 👇 Image
3,757a/

V= vaping within the previous 2 weeks

Of 281 patients or employees at Federally Qualified Health Centers tested for antibodies, V=3.2%

70 positive: V=1.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Total, number positive, number negative 👇 Image
3,758/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 14 fully vaccinated individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases who had breakthrough Covid-19 infections, 7.1% was a current smoker & 50% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,759/

England, UK

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Apparently same patients as in tweet 1,431

3,760/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 2,519* intubated & mechanically ventilated in hospital with ARDS & Covid-19, 15.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-770…
3,761/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 152 who survived severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.9%* were smokers

Notes:

*9.8% reported
not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-780…
3,762/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, two had a smoking history (10%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,763/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 66 hospitalized cancer patients with COVID-19, three were smokers (4.5%)

Of 25 who died, one was a smoker (4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,764/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 78 with SARS CoV-2 infection, S=21.8%

61 non-severe: S=21.3%
17 severe: S=23.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,765/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 32 non-intubated patients with Covid-19-associated hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, 53.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,766/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 111 in ICU with Covid-19, 29.7% were previous or ongoing smokers

Or not. Table 1 is a mess. This was my best guess considering multiple errors

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,767/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of ~594* post-Covid-19 patients, 31% were former smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,768/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 118 followed up 6 months after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 20.3% were smokers & 22.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,769/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 171 in ICU with Covid-19, 25.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,770/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 743 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42.3% were active smokers

160 ICU: 55.6% were active smokers

81 died: 60.5% were active smokers

Note: smoking was a focus of this study

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
3,771/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 365 adults, 27.1% were current smokers & 16.7% were former smokers

Of 51 who said they had had Covid-19, 23.5% were current smokers & 25.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,772/

Turkey (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42% in 2017)

Of 21 men with a history of Covid-19, six had a smoking history (28.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,773/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 who gave preterm birth, T=12.7%

Of 21 of them who were SARS-CoV-2-positive, T=19%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,774/

Japan

378 healthcare workers tested for antibodies ~90 days after second Pfizer shot.

'median Ab titres were significantly lower in ever smokers than in never smokers....Ab titres were significantly lower in current smokers than in ex-smokers'

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
3,775/

USA & Mexico

S="smokes cigarettes"

Of 386 people who inject drugs tested for antibodies, S=88.1%

Of 140 positive, S=84.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Other drug use behaviors 👇 Image
3,776/

Austria & Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% & 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,950 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), A=10.1% & F=29.5%

1,157 Austria: A=9.2% & F=31.2%
893 Italy: A=10.1% & F=24.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,777/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 248 who survived Covid-19, A=7.3% & F=44.4%

168 hospitalized: A=4.8% & F=44.6%

Table 1 nos. don't add up. Nos. may be slightly different than reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,778/

India

Same patients as in tweet 3,378

S=smoking ("Smoker is someone who smokes any tobacco product, either daily or occasionally")

109 mild: S=20.2%
20 moderate: S=35%
27 severe: S=37%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

3,779/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 30 age 24 to 45 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 23.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,780/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 135 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3% were current smokers & 28.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,781/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 169 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.2%* were smokers

Notes:

*17.3% reported. If because of missing data, total number works out to 167

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,782/

Myanmar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2017)

Of 222 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.4% were current smokers

Of 46 with severe pneumonia, 41.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,783/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 55 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,784/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 828 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who had an ECG, CFS=37.6%

662 hospitalized: CFS=39.6%

Note: errors in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,785/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 185 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=7 (3.8%)

Of 99 of them tested for antibodies, CS=4 (4%----5% reported)

Of 56 positive, CS=1 (1.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,786/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 207 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven were smokers (3.4%)

Of 22 who died, zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
3,787/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 28 with vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were current smokers (10.7%) & 10 were former smokers (35.7%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,788/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required noninvasive respiratory support, 18.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,789/

Spain

8,197 university students, professors, and staff tested for antibodies

697 positive

"interestingly, seropositivity more strongly associated with non-smoking (5.2% for current smokers vs. 8.6% for non-smokers; OR 0.57 (95% CI: 0.42–0.79)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,790/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 111 diagnosed with Covid-19 who survived for at least 2 months, 36% were active or former tobacco smokers

Note: Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,791/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 98 with immune-mediated diseases who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=3.1% & F=29.6%

Of 415 SARS-CoV-2-positive matched comparators, C=4.3% & F=30.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,792/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 36 under age 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were ex-smokers (5.6%)

Notes:

"Of those, 20 were adolescentes".
current smoking not mentioned

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,793/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 139 hospitalized with Covid-19, four were smokers (2.9%)

Of 15 who died, one was a smoker (6.7%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,794/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 263 outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection:

18 were cigarette smokers (6.8%)
2 were cigar smokers (0.8%)
15 were marijuana consumers (5.7%)
10 e-Cigarettes/vaping (3.8%)

Note: all use current

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
3,795/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 2,958 age 50+ with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 8.9% were current smokers & 40% were former smokers

1,959 confirmed: 5.3% were current smokers & 40.9% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
3,796/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 6,919 stem cell donors who said they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 14.4% were active smokers in 2019 & 22.5% were past smokers in 2019

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,797/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 406 w/ active leprosy (113), household contacts (153) & controls without leprosy (140), CS=18.5%

Of 69 w/ Covid-19, CS=14.5%

53 mild: CS=15.1%
16 severe: CS=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,798/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=current/former smoking

Of 124 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=25.8%
42 died: S=38.1%

Of 281 hospitalized with influenza (2017-2020), S=45.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,799/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 41 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, SH=9.8%

25 mild: SH=8%
16 severe: SH=12.5%

Of 17 with residual CT abnormalities 1 year later, 23.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,800/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 69 hospitalized with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2, C=20.3% (18.8% reported) & F=39.1%

19 mechanically ventilated/intubated: C=15.8% & F=63.2%

Continued
3,800a/

Notes:

Table 4 says 37 were ventilated/intubated & 40.5% had a history of smoking. However, text says 19

"a smoking history was significantly associated with treatment failure" appears, but current/former status was hidden in supplement

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,801/

Mexico

included in national totals

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,802/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoker; F=former smoker

Of 120 with Covid-19, S=78.3% & F=3.3%

74 mild: S=83.8% & F=0
22 moderate: S=90.9% & F=0
24 severe: S=50% & F=16.7%

Continued
3,802a/

"A total of 60% of the patients who died had other comorbidities and were smokers"

"A total of 36 medical staff patients (30%) (26 physicians, 8 pharmacists, and 2 dentists) were included."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,803/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 10 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who developed either spontaneous bowel perforation or acute mesenteric ischemia, 30% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,804/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

S=smoking, T=chewing tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 565* with schizophrenia, S=11.5% & T=3%

Of 31* with Covid-19, S=6.5% & T=zero

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,805/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 82 w/ COVID-19 respiratory distress who required high-flow nasal cannula or endotracheal intubation within 24 hours of hospitalization, C=8.5% & F=48.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,806/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 12 were former smokers (41.4%)

Active smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,807/

Qatar (tobacco smoking age 15+ estimated at 13.1% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of up to 456 fully vaccinated individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9.9%

Of up to 456 matched unvaccinated controls with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,808/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 119 with multiple sclerosis (115) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (4) diagnosed with Covid-19, eight were current smokers (6.7%)

Note: all smokers had MS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,809/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 59 kidney transplant recipients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 13 were smokers (22%)

Of 36 with pulmonary manifestations*, 27.8% were smokers

Note: not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

*👇 Image
3,810/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 28* hospitalized with COVID-19-associated pneumonia & discharged alive, 12 were current or former smokers (42.9%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,811/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 180 w/ Covid-19, FCS=34.4%

138 required oxygen: FCS=36.2%

42 invasive mechanical ventilation/ECMO: FCS=42.9%

3 w/ missing status counted as never smkrs
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,812/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 42 cancer patients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 28.6% were former smokers

Of 5 hospitalized, 40% were former smokers

Current smoking not mentioned

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
3,813/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 674,320 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.2% were smokers

Of 78,492 who died, 8% were smokers

Notes:

presumably current
data to Sept 30

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,814/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 411 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had or developed acute kidney injury, C=8.3% & F=38%

Of 146 who died, C=9.6% & F=40.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,815/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 167 hospitalized hypertensive Covid-19 patients, "2.4% of the patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction (3,661)

Patients were not in Spain; they were in Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

100% my error

3,816/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 144 with Covid-19 who reported olfactory dysfunction, 47 (32.6%) were smokers & as such were excluded from the study

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,817/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 7,554 health care workers tested for antibodies, CS=18.8%

Of 166 positive, CS=9.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34379308/ ImageImage
3,818/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 217 still alive 2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2, 89 were active smokers or ex-smokers (41%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-786…
3,819/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 3,261* with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 2.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,431* age 45+ different patients hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 4.1% were current smokers

*calculated

researchsquare.com/article/rs-770…
3,820/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 6,918 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 26.8% were smokers & 23.1% were tobacco chewers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-746… Image
3,821/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 544 diagnosed with Covid-19 who survived, 14.3% were smokers & 20.2% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,822/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 318,552 tested for antibodies, ES=53.2%
2,519 positive: ES=54.6%

Of 1,828 who previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, ES=48.4%
532 positive for ABs: ES=52.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

👇👇 Image
3,823/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of ~107,225* diagnosed with Covid-19, 21% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-788…
3,824/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19 who were suspected of developing COVID-19-related interstitial lung disease changes during hospitalization, 8 had a smoking history (21.1%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-750…
3,825/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 828* tested regularly for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR & antibody), C=4.5% & F=27.8%

Of 93 ever positive, C=4.3% & F=35.5%

*~66% were health care workers
*calculated

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
3,826/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S="current use of tobacco, marijuana, or vaping products" 🙄

Of 256 (75 under age 18) who tested positive (nasopharyngeal) for SARS-CoV-2, S=5.1%

OR positive on saliva test (S): 3.18
jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
3,827/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,019 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were current smokers or vapers & 20.3% were former smokers

Note: an unspecified number with unknown status counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,828/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 75 diagnosed with Covid-19, "Only 7 participants (9.3%) had a history of smoking"

57 severe: 6 had a history of smoking (10.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,829/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 76* with T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.2% were active smokers

Of 15* who died, 6.7% was an active smoker

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,830/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 22 patients mechanically ventilated in ICU with COVID-19 ARDS, SH=1 (4.5%)

Of 9 who died, SH=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,831/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 11,838 diagnosed with Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 16.6% were former smokers

Of 1,836 hospitalized, 3.5% were current smokers & 25.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,832/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

OPS="ongoing or past smoking"

Of 100 people living with HIV with documented (85) or self-reported (15) SARS-CoV-2 infection, OPS=42

Of 34 hospitalized, OPS=52.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,833/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 16 intubated & invasively ventilated with Covid-19-associated ARDS, 6 were smokers or former smokers (37.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,834/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 594 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived for 1 year+, C=5.9% & F=7.1%

71 moderate: C=9.9% % F=4.2%
459 severe: C=5.2% & F=5.9%
64 critical: C=6.3% & F=18.8%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,835/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 399 survey respondents age 21 to 64, 34.3% were smokers & 10% had stopped

Of 150 with previous Covid-19, 33.3% were smokers & 11.3% had stopped

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,836/

Lithuania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.6% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)
ED=every day
ST=sometimes

Of 3,085 tested for antibodies, S=20%
ED=15%
ST=5%

Of 58 positive, S=8.6%
ED=5.2%
ST=3.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
3,837/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 102 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.9% were current smokers & 19.6% were prior smokers

For results, current & prior smokers were combined into one uninformative group

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,838/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 80 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.8% were current smokers & 43.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,839/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 70 outpatients who recently recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.1% were smokers

Of 70 matched healthy controls, 25.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,840/

Arkansas, USA

Of 989 age 20 & under with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Very few patients with...documented smoke exposure (n = 87, 8.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during this time frame"

Note: "smoke exposure" wasn't defined

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,841/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Tobacco use: C=current, P=prior

Of 91 with CNS demyelinating diseases & confirmed or suspected Covid-19, C=15.4% & P=27.5%

Of 25 hospitalized, C=8% & P=32%

Note: New England

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,842/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 311,060 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ND=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Aug 3

Of 6,438 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 4% were current smokers (CS)

Of 977 hospitalized, CS=4.5%

Continued

Update continued

Of 184 admitted to ICU, CS=3.2%

Of 141 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.4%

Of 104 who died, CS=4.8%

covidibd.org/current-data/

3,843/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 58 who had a cardiac MRI after being hospitalized with Covid-19, one was a current smoker (1.7%)

Of 12 showing presence of pathology on the CMRI, one was a current smoker (8.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,844/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 183 with mild Covid-19, 11.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,845/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 200 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, four were current or former smokers (2%)

Of 48 who died, 3 were current or former smokers (6.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,846/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 113 hospitalized with Covid-19 ARDS & discharged alive, 2.7% were smokers & 31% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,847/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 473 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.5%

259 mild: S=9.7%
140 moderate: S=6.4%
74 severe: S=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,848/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 75 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=10.7% & X=34.7%

18 mild-moderate: C=11.1% & X=11.1%
18 severe: C=0 & X=33.3%
39 critical: C=12.8% & X=30.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,849/

Hungary (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

T=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current/ever)

Of 20 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 who had proven, probable or putative invasive fungal infection(s) during their clinical course, T=6 (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,850/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 2,282 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,851/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 31 with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 requiring hospitalization for non-invasive oxygen supplementation, "all the patients included were non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,852/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 221 cancer patients with Covid-19, C=11.8% & X=30.3%

158 mild/moderate: C=10.8% & X=31.6%

63 severe: C=14.3% & X=27%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,853/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of ~22,296* with T2 diabetes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,854/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking, C=current, F=former

Of 6,011 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=24.6% & F=22%

Of 1,273 who received oxygen therapy (by any method), C=16.1% & F=35.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,855/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 114 who were still alive 3 months after being infected with SARS-CoV-2, 2.6% were active smokers & 27.25 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,856/

Croatia & Slovenia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% & 22.8% in 2017)

Of 74 with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19, 10.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,857/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 843 with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19, 4% were current smokers

Of 1,686 matched controls without multiple sclerosis diagnosed with Covid-19, 3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,858/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 14* with severe or critical Covid-19, 50%* had a smoking history

*calculated based a best guess on what the authors meant

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,859/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 106 with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring oxygen support, 27.4% were smokers

Of 59 mechanically ventilated, 30.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-801…
3,860/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 266 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.2%

235 mild: S=9.4%
31 severe: S=16.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,861/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified... Appears in "past medical history")

Of 90 with SARS-CoV-2, S=18.9%

31 mild: S=12.9%
23 moderate: S=17.4%
36 severe: S=25%

90 one month later: S=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,862/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 56 still alive 6 months after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Only 1 of the 56 patients in the cohort was an active smoker at the time of Covid-19 diagnosis" (1.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,863/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 37 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=45.9%

Of 13 who died in hospital, S=53.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,864/

Turkey (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of ~1,230* women age 50+ taking anti-osteoporosis drugs w/ SARS-CoV-2, CS=7.4%

Of ~1,267* matched controls (no AODs) w/ SARS-CoV-2, CS=7.5%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,865/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 3,084 diagnosed with Covid-19 by themselves (70.7%), a physician (12%) or test (17.2%), C=12.3% & X=40.9%

305 reported long Covid: C=12.5% & X=43.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,866/

Wisconsin & Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rates were 16.1% & 20.7% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 195 SARS-CoV-2-positive adults, S=4.6%

263 of their adult household contacts (HC): S=5.7%

122 SARS-CoV-2-positive HC: S=2.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,867/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 764 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.4% were smokers & 3% were former smokers (> 1 year)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-763…
3,868/

Czech Republic & Slovakia (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% & 32.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco smoking, (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,107* survey respondents, T=20.6%

Of 396* diagnosed with Covid-19, T=19.4%

Continued
3,868a/

M="marihuana consumption" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,106* survey respondents, M=3.7%

Of 395* diagnosed with Covid-19, M=5.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-819…
3,869/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

T="active smoker or user of snuff"

Of 1,096 medical students tested for antibodies, T=9.3%

Of 379 positive, T=10%

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/8…
3,870/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,468 with active cancer tested for SARS-CoV-2, 45.6% were current or prior smokers

Of 177 positive, 42.9% were current or prior smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
3,871/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 376 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, 22.3% were active smokers & 37.2% were ex-smokers

96 positive: 7.3% were active smokers & 40.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,872/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 23 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 more than 60 days apart, "Almost 83% of patients smoked within the prior year" (82.6%)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34406805/
3,873/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 709 people living with HIV, 52.2% were active smokers

Of 55 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.5% were active tobacco users

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34405560/
3,874/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N="Nicotine dependence" 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 643,025 with Covid-19, N=7.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/13…
3,875/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 70 still alive 6 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 2.9% were active smokers & 38.6% were former smokers

31 ICU: zero were active smokers & 54.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,876/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,966 infected with selected SARS-CoV-2 variants, S=12.8%

377 B.1.2: S=9%

Note: Johns Hopkins

Continued
3,876a/

1,482 alpha: S=14.3%

1,298 unvaccinated: S=14.4%
184 vaccinated: S=13.6%
59 true breakthrough: S=8.5%

_____________________________________

107 delta: S=5.6%

69 unvaccinated: S=4.3%
38 vaccinated: S=7.9%
30 true breakthrough: S=6.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,877/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 28 hospitalized with non-mild Covid-19 pneumonia, 21.4% were smokers

9 died: 22.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,878/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 770 hospitalized for Covid-19, 12.2% were smokers

Of 92 with acute kidney injury, 12% were smokers (12.2% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,879/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

S=current smoking

Of 70 still alive 4 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=22.9%

Of 70 controls* w/ hypertension, S=25.7%

Of 70 healthy controls*, S=30%

*matched, presumably uninfected
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…
3,880/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 22 critically ill with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 with poor or no response to multiple lines of medical treatment, 4 were active smokers (18.2%)

Note: 19 of the 22 were male

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,881/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 1,379 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 17.1% were current smokers & 17.6% were previous smokers

235 died: 20.4% were current smokers & 22.1% were previous smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
3,882/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

S=current smoking

Of 70 hospitalized in stroke units, S=10%

Of 22 w/ Covid infection, S=9.1% (10.5% reported)

Note: numbers & %ages don't agree. Results could be slightly different

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
3,883/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 567* with active or a history of cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=44.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cn…
3,884/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 5,187 diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers

Note: majority of patients from Europe

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
3,885/

Nepal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 1,315 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Smoking was reported in 12.7% of the patients" (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/8…
3,886/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 94 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.1% were current smokers

Note: errors in Table 1 bring that result into question

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,887/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 49,238 veterans with Covid-19, 17.6% were current smokers & 26.5% were former smokers

9,428 hospitalized: 18.7% were current smokers & 31.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs: hospitalization & mortality Image
3,888/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 44 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia who received inhaled nitric oxide for hypoxemic respiratory failure, 2 were current smokers (4.5%) & 9 were former smokers (20.5%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,889/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 127 who recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.2% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-764…

All tested for antibodies (IgG) 👇 Image
3,890/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 9,212 with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, 85 were smokers (0.9%)

Of 314 with confirmed Covid-19, 9 were smokers (2.9%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-805…
3,891/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking, H=hookah (not specified if current or ever)

Of 573 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6 & H=3

Note: the reported percentages, 5.9% & 3.2%, suggest ~100 patients

Up to 93 died: S+H=0
researchsquare.com/article/rs-819…
3,892/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 446 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9.4% & F=38.6%

Of 211 hospitalized with other respiratory illnesses (2019), C=17.1% & F=31.8%

Smoking is focus of study

f1000research.com/articles/10-84…
3,893/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30% were smokers

Of 60 healthy controls, 16.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
3,894/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 370 with COPD, C=26.5% & X=70.5%

Of 22 with Covid-19, C=18.2% & X=81.8%

Of 10 in ICU, C+X=20% (clearly an error; might be C=20% & X=80%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,895/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 418 with suspected Covid-19, "only 12.44% were smokers"

Of 204 with confirmed Covid-19, 8.3% were smokers

Note: "51.25% were healthcare workers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,896/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 123 in ICU with Covid-19, 9.8% were cigarette smokers

36 died: 11.1% were cigarette smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,897/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Some ORs 👇 Image
3,898/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 58 in ICU with Covid-19, 39.7% were active smokers

19 died: 36.8% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,899/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 641 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.9% (8.8% reported)

266 hospitalized: S=4.1%

135 severe: S=4.4%

Note: Abu Dhabi

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,900/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 75,518 with T2 diabetes, A=18.5% & F=29.6%

4,888 tested for SARS-CoV-2: A=18.7% & F=28.1%

1,050 positive: A=13.6% & F=31.3%

Continued
3,900a/

530 hospitalized: A=12.1% & F=37.9%

139 ICU: A=9.4% & F=49.7%

269 died: A=10.8% & F=43.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,901/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 30 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Three subjects (10.0%) were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,902/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 18,280 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8% were current tobacco users (weighted percentage is 7.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,903/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 666,709 diagnosed with Covid-19, ND=7.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,904/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 312,429 with Covid-19 ARDS, 6.1% were smokers

252,119 confirmed by positive RT-PCR: 6.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
3,905/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

ES=ever smoker

Of 801 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=26.5%

393 hospitalized: ES=34.1%

161 critical: ES=38.5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
3,906/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of ~564* hospitalized with Covid-19, 36% were tobacco smokers

~203* severe: 36% were tobacco smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,907/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,338* hospitalized with Covid-19, A=3.5% & F=23.8%

407 intubated: A=2.9% & F=24.6%

*numbers in Table 1 don't add up; total included=1,337

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,908/

Michigan, USA (2019 adult smoking = 18.9%)

smoking: C=curr., P=past

Of 224,996 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=8.6% & P=26.2%

23,367 positive: C=5.3% & P=24.9%

2,884 hospitalized: C=4.9% & P=36.6%

733 ICU: C=4.1% & P=41.1%

397 died: C=4.5% & P=54.4%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,910/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 226 with Covid-19 pneumonia (majority were severe), 12.8% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,911/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 30 liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4 had a smoke history (13.3%)

16 symptomatic: zero had a smoke history (0%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-823…
3,912/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 87 with Covid-19, 84.4% were non-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,913/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 56 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.9% were smokers & 14.3% were ex-smokers

15 ICU: 13.3% were smokers & 6.7% was an ex-smoker

researchsquare.com/article/rs-802…
3,914/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 321 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=17.1% & P=28%

Of 94 matched* uninfected controls, C=17% & P=28.7%

*by age & sex; smoking not mentioned as a criterion

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,915/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 3,216 with Covid-19, 27.2% were current or former smokers

"Approximately 11.8% of current/former smokers died compared to 8.0% of non-smokers..."

Note: Table 2 is incorrect

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,916/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 65 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "4 were smokers" (6.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,917/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 38,545 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 0.2% were smokers

7,755 either hospitalized (4,327) or with unknown hospitalization status (3,428): 0.4% were smokers

Note: not specified...

academic.oup.com/fampra/advance…
3,918/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AFS=active or former smokers

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, AFS=36.7%

31 with mild to moderate pneumonia: AFS=22.6% (11.6% reported)

29 with ARDS: AFS=51.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,919/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 327 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% had a smoking history

37 died: 5.4% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,920/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,047 who attended mass gathering events, C=26% & X=19.9%

439 with confirmed or probable Covid-19: C=17.1% & X=24.6%

Continued
3,920a/

915 tested: C=25.9% & X=20.4%

418 positive: C=16.3% & X=24.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,921/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 8,679 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 43.2% were ever smokers

781 positive: 38.1% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,922/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 587 in ICU with Covid-19-associated acute respiratory failure, HS=11.2%

Of 105 with possible, probable or confirmed pulmonary aspergillosis, HS=13.3%

mostly Europe

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,923/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S="Smoking history or current smoking"

Of 271 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.7%

236 mild & normal: S=8.1%
35 severe & critical: S=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,924/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,370 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.2% had a smoking history

113 with critical illness: 23.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,925/

China (male current smoking age 15+ was 50.5% in 2018)

Of 67 males age 18 to 60 who recovered from Covid-19, 28.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,926/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

TA=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 84,624 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, TA=7.1%

8,159 expired: TA=5.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,927/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 205 hospitalized with Covid-19, thirteen were tobacco or nicotine users (6.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,928/

Pennsylvania & (maybe) New York, USA (adult current smoking rates were 17% & 12.8% in 2019)

Of 7,521 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were current smokers & 45.6% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,929/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 131 hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 3.8% of patients enrolled were active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,930/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 31 with Covid-19-associated ARDS, 22.6% were smokers

13 treated with ECMO: 7.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,931/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 354 still alive at least 9 months after Covid-19 diagnosis, 11.6% were current smokers

127 reported persistent symptoms: 9.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,932/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 133 admitted to a post-Covid-19 pulmonary rehabilitation centre, 9% were smokers

Of 133 matched controls, 9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,933/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 82 cancer patients with neutropenia & Covid-19, 20.7% were current smokers & 37.8% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,934/

USA (male current smoking age 18+ was 15.3% in 2019)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 341,167* male veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=34.1% & F=42.5%

22,777 infected: C=11.5% & F=41.1%
1,520 died within 30 days: C=6.9% & F=53.4%

Continued
3,934a/

318,390 uninfected: C=35.8% & F=42.6%
8,164 died within 30 days: C=29.4% & F=49.1%

Notes:

*Text says 341,166
worth reading; much commentary

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,935/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 diagnosed with pneumonia due to COVID-19, S=13.7%

17 mild: S=0
31 moderate: S=6.5%
54 severe: S=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,936/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 410 who died from Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers & 3.2% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,937/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8 had a smoking history (7.8%)

Of 50 healthy controls, 4 had a smoking history (8%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
3,938/

Kuwait (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 205 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.2% were current smokers & 12.2% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
3,939/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017

Of 76 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 5.3% were current smokers & 15.8% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
3,940/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 42 hospitalized Covid-19 patients who required supplemental oxygen, 2 were current smokers (4.8%) & 6 were former smokers (14.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,941/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 694 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with severe pneumonia, 23.8% were former or current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-845…
3,942/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: A=active, F=former

Of 243 who survived for 6 months+ after diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=7.4% & F=43.2%

168 hospitalized: A=4.8% & F=44.6%

Note: errors in Table 1

researchsquare.com/article/rs-796…
3,943/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 11,828 chronically treated with oral anticoagulants with Covid-19, S=44.9%

Of 23,656 matched controls (no OAC) with Covid-19, S=40.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-716…
3,944/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 20 with Covid-19, five were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-837…
3,945/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 33 still alive 1 year after diagnosis with mild Covid-19, "Three patients were smokers (9.1%)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-837…
3,946/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

S=active/former smoking

Of 3,848* diagnosed with Covid-19, S=30.3%

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
data on chronic & acute myocardial injury
MSHS

academic.oup.com/ehjqcco/advanc…
3,947/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 1,272 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.8% & F=10.8%

954 required oxygen: C=6.6% & F=10%

94 HFNC or mechanically ventilated: C=6.4% & F=12.8%

Continued
3,947a/

2,190 hospitalized with Covid-19 (including pts lost to follow-up at 1 year): C=5.8% & F=2.7%

case/matched control:
1,164 hospitalized with Covid-19: C=7.1% & F=10.7%
1,164 without Covid-19: C=28.1% & F=5.5%

thelancet.com/journals/lance… Image
3,948/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 24 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, zero were current tobacco users & 6 were former tobacco users (25%)

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cp…
3,949/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 158 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=6.3%

Of 121 positive, S=5.8%

80 hospitalized: S=3.8%

45 critical: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,950/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 2,265 with Covid-19, 30% were active smokers

Note: all hospitalized; 1,988 preemptively

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,951/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 18 with severe Covid-19 treated with HFNC, 10 had a smoking history (55.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,952/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 29 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients who develop pneumothoraces, zero were active smokers, & 5 were former smokers (17.2%) according to medical records

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,953/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 345 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were active smokers (4.4% reported)

Of 29 who died, 3.4% was an active smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,954/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 30 suffering from neurological conditions who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5 were active smokers (16.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,955/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 250 vaccinated veterans with breakthrough infections, 11.2% were current smokers

Of 250 unvaccinated veterans with SARS-CoV-2 in a matched control group, 10.4% were current smokers

+more data 👇
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,956/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 185 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were current smokers & 28.6% were ex-smokers

Note: smoking was focus of study

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34463387/ Image
3,957/

Czech Republic & Slovakia (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% & 32.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco smoking, M="marihuana consumption" (not specified...)

Of 3,839 survey respondents, T=20.3% & M=3.6%

Of 492 diagnosed with Covid-19, T=16.1% % M=2.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

👇 Image
3,958/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 4,974 partially or fully vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 97.7% were not current smokers

Of 5,018 matched controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection, 97.2% were not current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
3,959/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 6,307,964 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 8.2% were smokers

Of 2,126,861 positive, 7.3% were smokers

Notes:

as of 2021 April 30
not specified; probably current

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,960/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=active smoker (10+ cigs/d)

Of 507* age 18-64 hosp'd for SARS-COV-2 pneumonia, S=6.9%

98* with poor outcome (see below): S=6.1%

464* age 65+hosp'd for SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: S=2.8%

*calculated
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,961/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 75 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, CS=16%

38 with acute kidney injury: CS=18.4%

54 died: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,962/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 17 with Covid-19 who had kidney biopsies, "Two were former smokers, but none had known preexisting lung disease"

Current smoking not mentioned

NY, NJ, CT, PA, DE, IN

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,963/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 20 with Covid-19 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 3 were smokers (15%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,964/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 149 with moderate-to-severe ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia, 4.7% were current smokers

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3,965/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 50 with pulmonary embolism when admitted to hospital with Covid-19, S=52%

15 with ARDS: S=33.3%

8 with no resolution of PE: S=50%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3,966/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

S=smoker; X=ex-smoker

Of 318 w/ Covid-19 (lived 1 month+), S=6.6% & X=30.8%

87 mild: S=9.2% & X=26.4%
140 moderate: S=7.6% & X=32.4%
53 severe: S=3.8% & X=32.1%
38 critical: S=0 & X=28.9%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
3,967/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,195 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37.1% were ever smokers

academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-a…
3,968/

Colombia (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.9% in 2017)

Of 371,363 females age 15 to 44 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1.1% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pp…
3,969/

Luxembourg (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

S=smoking; F=former S

Of 75* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=18.7% & F=21.3%

13* asymptomatic: S=23.1% & F=15.4%
61* mild/moderate: S=18.1% & F=23%
1* hospitalized: S+F=0*

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
3,970/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 221 diagnosed with Covid-19, 20.4% were smokers

160 of them with pneumonia: 19.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-855…
3,971/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

ES=ever smoker
CS=current smoker
CV=currently vape
(unclear if CS & CV were included in ES)

Of 364 with Covid-19:
ES=34.9%
CS=2.2%
CV=3.3%

128 hospitalized:
ES=46.9%
CS=2.3%
CV=2.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,972/

Thailand (current tob. smoking age 15+ = 20.7% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 87 hosp'd w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, A=10.3% & F=20.7%

45 mild: A=13.3% & F=11.1%
35 non-severe pneumonia (P): A=8.6% & F=25.7%
7 severe P: A=0 & F=57.1%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,973/

Pennsylvania & New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rates were 17% & 13.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,038 infected with SARS-CoV-2 & discharged from a hospital emergency department, C=9.9% & F=18.6%

Continued
3,973a/

254 visited the ED again within 30 days: C=5.5% & F=24.8%

94 of them hospitalized: C=2.1% & F=28.7%

Note: an unspecified number with unknown status were counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,974/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,373 hemodialysis patients tested for antibodies, 12.2% were current smokers & 24.8% were former smokers

43 positive: 14% were current smokers & 37.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,975/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

Of 612 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.2% were current or recent smokers (<1 yr)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,976/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 29,001 age 50 to 64, CS=13.1%

Of ~288* with Covid-19, CS=8%

Of ~67* hospitalized and/or who died, CS=9%

*calculated due to missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34475186/
3,977/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 38 current users of ACEIs/ARBs hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=21.1%

Of 114 matched non-current ACEI/ARB users hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=13.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,978/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 592 cruise ship crew members tested for SARS-CoV-2, HS=25%

136* positive: HS=24.3%
91* symptomatic: HS=22%

Notes:

*calculated
most crew members were from Asia

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,979/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

All hospitalized

Of 63 with suspected Covid-19, CS=3.2%

36 tested positive: CS=5.6%
27 had clinical signs but tested negative: CS=0

62 with non-Covid-19 pneumonia: CS=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,980/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 55 critically ill in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.4% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,981/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 90 in ICU with Covid-19 acute lung injury, 33.3% had a smoking history

Of 130 in ICU with non-Covid-19 acute lung injury, 30.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,982/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 461 hospitalized with Covid-19 who were screened for psychiatric symptoms, 12.1% were smokers

238 with "psychological problem": 11.9% were smokers (12% reported)

Note: not specified...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,983/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 157,166 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=12.3% & F=31.9%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…

When those with unknown status were counted as never smokers (total, wild type, alpha) 👇 Image
3,984/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 73 with severe or critical Covid-19, 19.2% were active smokers

Of 27 who died, 37% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34485485/
3,985/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker or former smoker

Of 286 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=40.4%

Of 11 positive, S=36.4%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ju…
3,986/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 1,013 hospitalized with Covid-19, 40% had a smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
3,987/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 5,394 age 60+ hospitalized with Covid-19, ~12.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jg…
3,988/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 114 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.2% were current smokers & 27.2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-824…
3,989/

UK, Spain, Belgium, Germany

Of 509 with active cancer or in remission diagnosed with Covid-19, 50.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,990/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 232* pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=8.2%

186 asymptomatic or mild: CFS=5.4%
46* severe or critical: CFS=19.6%

*calculated

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
3,991/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 147 with Covid-19 & stroke, AS=8.2%

Of 294 with Covid-19 but without stroke, AS=6.1%

Of 294 with stroke but without Covid-19, AS=16%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ac…
3,992/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 187 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were smokers

43 non-severe: 2.3% were smokers
144 severe: 4.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,993/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 161 hospitalized with Covid-19, 36.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Case-control (hemodialysis patients vs matched non HD controls) tested for antibodies 1 month after symptom onset 👇 Image
3,994/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 1,471 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers & 28.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,995/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 70,598 diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers & 17.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,996/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 269 hospitalized with non-severe Covid-19, 12.6% were smokers

Of 69 who progressed to severe Covid-19, 7.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,997/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 300 with Covid-19 with suspected pulmonary embolism, 13% were smokers

46 with PE: 15.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3,998/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 4,180 tested for antibodies, 17.4% were current smokers & 29.5% were ex-smokers

131 positive: 13.7% were current smokers & 30.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
3,999/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 250 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.8% were smokers

31 died: 3.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,000/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄

Of 507,810 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ND=7.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,001/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

ES=ever smoker

Of 426* tested for SARS-CoV-2 when presenting at A&E, ES=6.3%
68* died: ES=23.5%

51* SARS-CoV-2 positive: ES=11.8%
13* died: ES=46.2%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

Continued
4,001a/

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Comments:

Every SARS-CoV-2-positive ever smoker died

The 2 hospitals bully people who smoke outdoors with voice alerts

The only mention of current & ex-smokers separately (same sentence twice) looks suspicious 👇 Image
4,002/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 16.3% in 2019)

Of 6,452 pregnant patients, 5.3% smoked during pregnancy

306 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: 4.2% smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,003/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 113 with Covid-19, SH=33.6%

30 mild: SH=33.3%
38 moderate: SH=42.1%
20 critical (survived): SH=20%
25 died: SH=32%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,004/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 333 pregnant or postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.8% were current smokers

71 hospitalized: 11.3% were current smokers

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/14…
4,005/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 89 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 18% were smokers

Of 51 positive, 17.6% were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/od…
4,006/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 299 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,007/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 107 who survived Covid-19, 11.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,008/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 387 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CFS=29.5%

or 64.9%

or 31.2%

or some other number 🤷‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,009/

Spain & Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% & 27.7% in 2017)

Of 319 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, 6.6% were active smokers

* "Per chart review: does not include vaping or smoking of non-tobacco products"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,010/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 33 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.1% were smokers & 12.1% were ex-smokers

Of 24 non-Covid-19 controls, 8.3% were smokers & 12.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,011/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,611 with Covid-19, C=18.2% & F=20.7%

1,333 hospitalized: C=20.1% & F=29.1%

450 ICU: C=21.1% & F=26.9%

66 died: C=15.2% & F=45.5%

smoking was focus

mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1… Image
4,011a/

Note: Don't trust what the authors said in the text. Look at the numbers.
4,012/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 60* solid organ transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 35% were current or former tobacco users

*calculated due to apparent missing data

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ti…
4,013/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 12.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
4,014/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 44 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.1%

30 moderate/severe: S=13.3%
14 critical (ICU): S=0

16 healthy controls: S=6.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
4,015/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 414 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,016/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)
Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 341 hospitalized for Covid-19, 32.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,017/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 25 hospitalized in an army medical center with Covid-19-associated respiratory failure & treated with ECMO, 20% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,018/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 90 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,019/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 404 hospitalized with Covid-19, CXS=32.9%

199 mild: CXS=27.1%
142 moderate: CXS=31.7%
63 severe and/or death: CXS=54%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,020/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 57 COVID-19 positive patients who underwent surgical resection for mucormycosis, 17.5% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,021/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,255 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19 who (apparently) survived, 3.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-885…
4,022/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 600 infected with SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1.519 variant), 27.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,023/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 47 who died with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 29.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,024/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 54 in ICU with Covid-19, 24.1% were smokers (25% reported)

Of 37 who died, 27% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-864…
4,025/

Gabon (daily smoking age 10+ was 9.7% in 2016)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 837 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=8 (1%)

524 no symptoms: T=3 (0.6%)
282 mild: T=4 (1.4%)
31 severe: T=1 (3.2%)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,026/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking history

Of 419 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, S=7.9%

62 mild: S=6.5%
294 moderate: S=9.2%
38 severe: S=2.6%
25 critical: S=4%

Continued
4,026a/

260 wild type (2020): S=8.1%

21 mild: S=14.3%
196 moderate: S=8.7%
30 severe: S=3.3%
13 critical: S=0

159 delta variant (2021): S=7.5%

41 mild: S=2.4%
98 moderate: S=10.2%
8 severe: S=0
12 critical: S=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,027/

Pennsylvania & (maybe) New York, USA (adult current smoking rates were 17% & 12.8% in 2019)

Of 131 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.6% were current smokers (33.9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,028/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 94 still alive 1 year after hospitalization with Covid-19, "Only 7 of them were former smokers or current smokers" (7.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,029/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 265 still alive 6 months after hospitalization with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 28.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,030/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 1,748 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.8% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,031/

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 115 who gave birth in Canada (69), England (25) & France (21), S=7%

66 SARS-CoV-2-positive: S=3%

49 negative (Canada & England only): S=12.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,032/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified...)

Of 118 women who underwent an assisted reproductive technology protocol, S=16.9%

14 tested positive* for SARS-CoV-2: S=14.3%

*rapid detection test

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,033/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 300 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=10% & F=31.3%

86 critically ill: C=8.1% & F=38.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,034/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 741 with Covid-19 who received invasive mechanical ventilation during the first 24 hours in ICU, 8.2% were active smokers

269* died: 10.4% were active smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,035/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 334 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 28.1% were smokers

41 died: 31.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34516416/
4,036/

Spain (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.6% in 2017)

Of 61 with prostate cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pr…
4,037/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, 3.5% were current smokers & 50.6% were former smokers

86 matched controls: 24.4% were current smokers & 46.5% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…
4,038/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 321 critically ill in ICU* with Covid-19 & bacterial or fungal co-infections, S=41.4%

26 died: S=19.2%

*also said "moderate-severe ill patients"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,039/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 53 with Covid-19, 50.9% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-880…
4,040/

Of 784 hospitalized in France (39 centres), Belgium (3), Austria (3), Portugal (2), and Luxembourg (1), 4.1% were current smokers

Of 785 (including the same patients), 18% were current or former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin… Image
4,041/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

TA=tobacco addiction 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 301 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, TA=11.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,042/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CS=currently smoking

Of 25 with hematological malignancies hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16%

Of 25 matched controls (without HM) hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,043/

Morocco (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.2% in 2017)

Of 513 in ICU with Covid-19, 7.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,044/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (within previous 6 months)

Of 522 transgender & non-binary adults who responded to a survey, T=52.1%

185 tested for Covid-19: T=47.6%

16 positive: T=62.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
4,045/

Brazil (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.9% in 2017)

PW=pregnant and recently pregnant women
S=smoking (former or current)

Of 5,469 PW hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) associated with Covid-19, S=0.35%

362 died: S=0.27%

Continued
4,045a/

190 PW hospitalized with SARI associated with influenza or other etiological agents: S=2.63%

5,415 hospitalized with SARI with unknown etiology: S=1.46%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,046/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 61 cancer patients with Covid-19, 50.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,047/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 61 Covid-19 patients in ICU with hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation who developed pulmonary aspergillosis, 27.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,048/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,206 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.9% & F=29.2%

242 ICU: C=3.3% & F=32.6%

120 died: C=3.3% & F=44.2%

Continued
4,048a/

current smoking: E=every day, S=some days

Of the same 1,206, E=2% & S=1.9%

242 ICU: E=1.7% & S=1.7%

120 died: E=0.8% & S=2.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,049/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 168 in ICU with Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Sep 8

Of 6,569 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 4% were current smokers (CS)

Of 993 hospitalized, CS=4.4%

Continued

Update continued

Of 186 admitted to ICU, CS=3.2%

Of 143 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.4%

Of 104 who died, CS=4.8%

covidibd.org/current-data/

4,050/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1 (1.7%)

30 moderate: S=1 (3.3%)
30 severe: S=0

17 healthy controls: S=1 (5.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,051/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 264 in ICU with Covid-19, 28.8% were present or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,052/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 18 kidney transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2, one was a smoker & one was a former smoker (5.6% each): both severe

1 asymptomatic, 2 mild, 6 moderate, 4 severe, 5 critical

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,053/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 526 with telogen effluvium who recovered from Covid-19, S=10.8%

276 hospitalized: S=11.6%

83 ICU: S=15.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,054/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

TU=tobacco user

Of 7,824 health care workers & administrative staff tested for antibodies, 9.5% were current TU & 28.4% were previous TU

162 positive: 6.2% were current TU & 30.2% were previous TU

Continued
4,054a/

current TU:
S=sometimes
LD=daily, <10 cigarettes/day
HD=daily, >10 cigarettes/day

Of the same 7,824:
S=4.1%
LD=3%
HD=2.4%

162 positive:
S=3.1%
LD=2.5%
HD=0.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,055/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 1,111 health care workers tested for antibodies, 10 were smokers (0.9%)

Of 373 positive, 3 were smokers (0.8%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,056/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (probably active)

Of 741 with cancer & Covid-19, S=2.4%

106 mechanical ventilation: S=1.9%

196 died: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,057/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 141 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.2% were current smokers & 15.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,058/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 157 critically ill with Covid-19, 1.3% were smokers & 7% were past smokers

30 required tracheostomy: zero were smokers & 10% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,059/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 337 hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived, 7.1% were smokers

91 with dyspnea at follow-up (102–361 days later), 8.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,060/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 46 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 who survived, zero were current smokers & 47.7% were former smokers

22 with impaired physical performance, 38.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,061/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 145 solid organ malignancy patients with COVID-19, "There were 43 (29.7%) chronic smokers, 82 (56.5%) nonsmokers, and 20 (13.8%) ex-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,062/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

apparently the same health care workers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

4,063/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 258 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 7.4% were ever smokers

Of 61 readmitted to hospital, 18% were ever smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-658…
4,064/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 156 recovering from acute Covid-19, 30.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-901…
4,065/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 461 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had a smoking history (SH)

Viral load:
195 low: SH=30.3%
168 intermediate: SH=38.7%
98 high: SH=44.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,066/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 134 with Covid-19, 4.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,067/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 798 survey respondents diagnosed with COVID-19 or who experienced a sudden change in smell and/or taste since Jan 2020, C=5.8% & F=23.2% (3.1% quit after 2020 Jan 1)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,068/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 701 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.6% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,069/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 41 critically ill with Covid-19, 26.8% were active or past smokers

Of 18 critically ill with influenza, 44.4% were active or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,070/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=Previous/current smoker

Of 2,436 hospitalized w/ Covid-19: S=30.8%

244 w/ history of heart failure: S=39.3%
1,218 w/ cardiovascular disease or risk factors: S=30.8%
974 w/o CVD or RF: S=38.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
4,071/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,725* hospitalized with acute stroke, 19.4% were tobacco users

185 with Covid-19: 11.9% were tobacco users

Notes:

*calculated
not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
4,072/

Brazil (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.6% in 2017)

Of 11 males who died with Covid-19, one was a tobacco user, one was a cannabis smoker, one was a naguile (hookah) user (9.1% each) & 3 were ex-tobacco users (27.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,073/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

Of 404 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and a diagnosed skin disease, 28.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,074/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19, 35.3% were smokers

Of 60 uninfected controls, 16.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,075/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 115 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19, 3.5% were current smokers & 33% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,076/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 103 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), 8.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,077/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of ~36,446 health care workers tested for antibodies, 20.5% were ever smokers

Of ~2,359 positive, 16.7% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤔 Image
4,078/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 268 in ICU with Covid-19, 14.9% were smokers

Of 68 who died or were not discharged from the hospital, 19.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-892…
4,079/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 99 SARS-CoV-2-positive cancer patients, 36.4% were current smokers & 51.5% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-916…
4,080/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 55 with Covid-19, S=18.2%

36 hospitalized: S=25%

10 ICU: S=50%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,081/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 424 health workers, 5.9% were smokers

102 of them with Covid-19: 2.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,082/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 10,151 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=15.5%

2,247 admitted to IMCU*/ICU: S=18.4%

1,537 admitted to ICU: S=19.8%

*intermediate care

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,083/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 96 with mild Covid-19, 43.8% were smokers

Of 96 matched healthy controls, 49% were smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-869…
4,084/

Of ~2,056* intubated with Covid-19 ARDS in France, Belgium & Switzerland, 4.2% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-895…
4,085/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 88 treated with CPAP for type 1 respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19, C=5.7% & E=30.7%

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e0…
4,086/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 217 with SARS-CoV-2 infection deemed to "have a high risk of more severe COVID-19 due to known comorbidities or treatments", 6% were active smokers & 14.3% were former smokers

gut.bmj.com/content/70/10/…

Note👇 Image
4,087/

Of 113 liver transplant candidates in Europe with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.9% were current or former tobacco smokers

gut.bmj.com/content/70/10/…
4,088/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 39,910 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.2% were ever smokers

bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/19/…
4,089/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 245 (apparently hospitalized) with Covid-19, 15.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,090/

S=Smoker; X="X-smoker"

Of 103 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 who had barotraumas, S=35% & X=9.8%

68 died: S=41.1%

11 unknown counted as never

Not stated where; possibly Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,091/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 21 who died with Covid-19, three had a history of smoking (14.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,092/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 6,304 with Covid-19, 9.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,093/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 261 hemodialysis patients hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=10.7%

At admission:
183 mild/moderate: CS=11.5%
78 severe: CS=9%

172 died: CS=11% (11.1% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,094/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 20 with Covid-19, five were smokers (25%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,095/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 124 in ICU with pneumothorax associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=65.3%

107 died: S=72.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,096/

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 465* with acute ischemic stroke in Iran (7 centers), Greece (1) & Germany (1), CFS=17%

79* with Covid-19: CFS=10.1%
386* without Covid-19: CFS=18.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,097/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 24 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=2 (8.3%)

9 intubated: SH=1 (11.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,098/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 647 with oral autoimmune diseases, 7.4% were smokers

Of 190 who developed Covid-19 (and recovered), 10.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,099/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 82 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 6.1% were active tobacco smokers & 34.1% were former tobacco smokers

22 died: zero were active tobacco smokers & 40.9% were former tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,100/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 113 with Covid-19 (19 hospitalized), "One subject was a current smoker" (0.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,101/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco disorder 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 73,180 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,465 hospitalized (non-ICU): T=9.9%

544 ICU: T=13.4%

3,843 died: T=5.8% 👇 Image
4,102/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 3,915 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
4,103/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

T=current smoking or smokeless tobacco use

Of 4,676 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=29.3%

Continued
4,103a/

861 required oxygen: T=32.9%
334 non-invasive ventilation: T=34.7%
169 invasive ventilation: T=27.2%

340 died: T=34.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,104/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 65 hospitalized with Covid-19 & treated with HFNC, 33.8% had a smoking history

18 intubated or died: 16.7% had a smoking history

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
4,105/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 40 Covid-19 survivors with residual CT findings at follow-up (10-84 days later), HS=45%

18 with dyspnea , HS=88.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,106/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 714 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.6% were smokers & 20.7% were ex-smokers

"...we did not see a significant influence of the smoking status or the BMI of the patients on all endpoints."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,107/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 546 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 18.1% were smokers & 5.9% were vapers

Of 33 positive, 9.1% were smokers & zero were vapers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,108/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,366 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 6.7% were current smokers & 40.6% were former smokers

Note: ~50% were age 65+

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,109/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking ("Information on type of product smoked was not available")

Of 233 incarcerated in a federal prison with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=51.9%

Continued
4109a/

Of the 233:
42 unvaccinated: HS=33.3%
6 partially: HS=33.3%
185 fully: HS=56.8%

Of 4 hospitalized: HS=2
3 unvaccinated: SH=1
1 fully: SH=1

1 died (unvaccinated): HS=1

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
4,110/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 171 with Covid-19, SH=22.8%

134 mild/moderate: SH=20.9%
37 severe/critical: SH=29.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,111/

China

Case/control study: 30 current smokers (96.7% male) vs 56 never smokers (42.9% male)

"patients with smoking history in our study tend to have more interstitial lung change responses to SARS-Cov-2 infection and poor response to treatment during the course..." Image
4,112/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,200 hospitalized with Covid-19, the number of smokers was reported 4 times with different numbers, all much lower than population smoking prevalence

Same goes for number who died

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,113/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 112 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.1% were active smokers & 16.1% were former smokers

53 with anosmia: 7.5% were active smokers & 17% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,114/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 168 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6% were current smokers & 54.8% were former smokers

44 developed ARDS: zero were current smokers & 77.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,115/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 523 treated with noninvasive ventilation outside of ICU, A=6.9% & F=31.4%

196 intubated and/or died: A=8.7% & F=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,116/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,138 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.1% were current smokers & 34.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,117/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S="smoke habit" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 144 or 145* with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=8.3%

44 still with symptoms 4 weeks later: S=4.5%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,118/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 59 hospitalized with Covid-19, "No smokers or regular users of alcohol or drugs were identified"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,119/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 56 hospitalized with Covid-19, "There were no smokers or regular consumers of alcohol or drugs among the patients."

Note: same hospital as in 4,118; dates overlap but not identical

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,120/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 456 who recovered from Covid-19, 36.8% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,121/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 1,039,688 diagnosed with Covid-19, HS=6.2%

1,173 with acute pancreatitis: HS=14.7%

Note: ~90% were in USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
4,122/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=within the previous year, F=>1 year

Of 1,175 veterans (93% male) hospitalized with a Covid-19-like illness, C=20.6% & F=31.1%

All tested for SARS-CoV-2

388 positive: C=12.6% & F=24%

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
4,123/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,674 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.7%

423 critical: S=14.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,124/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 130 with Covid-19, 15.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,125/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

S=past or present smoking

Of 309 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=20% (21% reported)

50 required invasive mechanical ventilation: S=18%

40 died: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,126/

Oman (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8% in 2017)

Of 103 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.4% were smokers

17 critical: 5.9% was a smoker

Note : not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,127/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 103 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=63.1%

42 mild: S=73.8%
37 moderate: S=59.5%
23 severe: S=52.2%

30 uninfected controls: S=63.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,128/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 191* with Covid-19, CS=13.6%

118* hospitalized: CS=11.9%

69* with complications while hospitalized: CS=11.6%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,129/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 138 age 80+ diagnosed with Covid-19, 18.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,130/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

ND=nicotine dependence Face with rolling eyes (not specified if current or ever

Of 22,497 diagnosed with Covid-19 who had a prior diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, ND=19.1%

Note: mostly USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,131/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 127 hospitalized with Covid-19: C=4.7% & F=42.5%

Intensity of medical care:
51 low: C=5.9% & F=37.3%
76 high: C=3.9% & F=46.1%

Note: viral load data too

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,132/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 1,507 dental professionals tested for antibodies, 10.4% were current smokers & 16.6% were former smokers

246 positive: 4.9% were current smokers & 16.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,133/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 109 critically ill patients with moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, 14.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,134/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

past 30 day use:
C=cigarette
E=e-cigarette
M=marijuana

Of 28,575 survey respondents:
C=5%
E=2.5%
M=9.3%

112 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection:
C=7.1%
E=4.5%
M=8.9%

Note: reported %s slightly higher

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction

Austria & Italy

1,157 + 893 = 2,050

Of 2,050 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), A=9.6% & F=28.1%

Other reported numbers are correct

Another study with apparently the same subjects

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

4,135/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

C=current tobacco smoker
V=current non-smoking vaper

Of 4,075,361 tests for SARS-CoV-2 in up to 482,677 individuals, C=6.6% & V=2%

29,796 positive tests: C=5.3% & V=2.3%

Continued
4,135a/

Of 4,012,878 tests for SARS-CoV-2 in up to 482,677 individuals, 28.6% were of ever regular smokers

29,403 positive tests: 24.8% were of ever regular smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,136/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 167,288 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 6.4% were current smokers & 2.1% were non-smoking vapers

1,889 positive: 5.2% were current smokers & 2.9% were non-smoking vapers

ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulati… Image
4,137/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 367 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=12.5%

205 non-critical: S=11.7%
162 critical: S=13.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,138/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

S=smoking habits (not specified if current or ever)

Of 84 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.3%

45 non-severe: S=4.4%
39 severe: S=12.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-912…
4,139/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 248 on maintenance hemodialysis diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.9% were active smokers

103 hospitalized: 12.6% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
4,140/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=Smokers or former smokers

Of ~2,595* on long-term treatment with macrolides, S=62.1%

131* diagnosed w/ Covid-19: S=72.5%

68* mild/moderate: S=73.5%
63* hospitalized/died: S=71.4%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,141/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 625 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9% were current smokers

49 died: 10.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,142/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 264 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=17%

136 ICU: S=14.7%
80 needed invasive ventilation: S=15%

Continued Image
4,142a/

'...we treat many critically ill patients referred from smaller hospitals. Therefore, our patient population is not representative... This may also explain the fact that smoking appeared to have a protective effect in our patient population.'

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,143/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 3,812 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,144/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of ~1,431* in ICU with Covid-19, "196 (13.7%) cigarette smokers...a significantly higher survival among non-smokers..."

Notes:

*calculated
up to 614 died
not specified if current or ever
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,145/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 41 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5 (12.2%)

17 symptomatic: S=4 (23.5%)
24 asymptomatic: S=1 (4.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,146/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Of 188 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=14.4%

46 severe/critical: S=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,147/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 204 hospitalized for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 29.4% were actual smokers & 27.9% were former smokers

Note: an additional 1,285 had unknown smoking status

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,148/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 452 with Covid-19, S=5 (1.1%)

239 mild/moderate: S=2 (0.8%)
213 severe: S=3 (1.4%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,149/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 97 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,150/

Italy

Apparently the same patients.

Of 54 with Covid-19, zero were active smokers

Of the 11, three were active smokers (27.3%)

100 healthy controls: 1 was an active smoker & 29 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,151/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 395 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.4% were current smokers

58 died: 10.3% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
4,152/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 171 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.8% were current smokers & 25.1% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
4,153/

Japan

Same patients.

Of 108 with ongoing symptoms lasting more than 4 weeks, 35.5% were smokers

Note: "history" doesn't appear in this paper

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

4,154/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

NS=never smoking

Of 358 infected with SARS-CoV-2 who survived, NS=60.4%

264 mild: NS=65.9%
69 moderate: NS=43.5%
25 severe: NS=48%

Note: former & current smoking recorded; not reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,155/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 528 with Covid-19, 3.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,156/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 2,433 still alive 1 year after hospitalization with Covid-19, A=6.4% & F=1.6%

680 severe: A=6.2% & F=1.5%

An additional 1,555 survivors: A=5.9% & F=1.5%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,157/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 214 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.7% were current tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,158/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 33 severe/critical Covid-19 patients, 57.6% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,159/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 50 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6%

15 moderate: S=6.7%
33 severe: S=3%
2 critical: S=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,160/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,630 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=7.1%

23 mild: SH=13%
1,680 moderate: SH=6.9%
707 severe: SH=7.2%
37 critical: SH=5.4%
183 unclassified: SH=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,161/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 81 with Covid-19 ARDS, 25.9% were current smokers

Of 39 with non-Covid-19 ARDS, 20.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,162/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 15 suffering from post-acute symptoms of COVID-19, C=zero & F=3 (20%)

Of 16 healthy (uninfected?) controls, C=2 (12.5%) & F=4 (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,163/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 275 in ICU with Covid-19, 7.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,164/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 60 w/ chronic lymphocytic leukemia & a history of Covid-19, "53% were never-smokers; only 3% were current smokers"

46 hospitalized: never smoker (N)=50%
11 ICU: N=45.5%
14 died: N=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,165/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 83 alive 3 months after hospitalization w/ Covid-19, 3.6% were current smokers & 33.7% were ex-smokers

45 ITU*: 2.2% were current smokers & 28.9% were ex-smokers

*intensive therapy unit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,166/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 90 with persistent symptoms 6 weeks after diagnosis with Covid-19, C=2.2% & X=37.8%

72 hospitalized: C=2.8% & X=41.7%

21 ICU: C=zero & X=23.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,167/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 273,618 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=7.3%

Of 106,578 diagnosed with influenza (never diagnosed with Covid-19), N=11.4%

mostly USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,168/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 864,995 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=7%

Note: some overlap with study in tweet 4,167

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,169/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 507 in ICU with COVID-19 related pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, 13% were current smokers & 32% were former smokers

Read this study. It's about smoking. Full of golden quotes.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34584165/ Image
4,170/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 426 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.6% were current smokers

85 (or 83) died (71) or discharged to hospice (14): 2.4% were current smokers

OR (d/h)
unadjusted: 0.17
adjusted: 1.02

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,171/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 88 with BMI >30 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8% were active smokers

Of 176 matched controls with BMI <30 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ij…
4,172/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 220 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 7.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,173/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 66 recovering from Covid-19, 9.1% were active smokers & 36.4% were former smokers

36 hospitalized during Covid-19: 5.6% were active smokers & 44.4% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-904…
4,174/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 2,053,874 vaccinated individuals, 30.3% were smokers & 21.1% were ex-smokers

1,004 with severe Covid-19 outcomes 14+ days after first dose: 30% were smokers & 31.1% were ex-smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre… Image
4,174a/

Comment:

Number of smokers is surprisingly high

Approximately 4.5 million adults in Scotland (smoking rate is 15.4%). That means there are 693,000 adult smokers in Scotland.

In study:
621,559 smokers
2,572,008 total age 18+ (incl. unknown smoking status)

🤔
4,175/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 160 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who identified as black or African American, 9.4% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,176/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 296 with Covid-19, 5.7% were smokers & 11.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,177/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 119 hospital employees diagnosed with Covid-19, 9.2% were tobacco/nicotine users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,178/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 283 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.2% were smokers or ex-smokers

102 died: 30.4% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,179/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 313 with acute limb ischemia associated with Covid-19, N=18%

Of 9,300 with non-Covid-19 acute limb ischemia, N=33%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,180/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 299 who recovered from acute Covid-19, "Most of the sample is composed of individuals who used to smoke (28.7%) and who suffered from cardiovascular diseases (40.3%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,181/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,216 kidney transplant recipients, 12.8% were smokers

Of 66 with Covid-19, 9.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,182/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,031 with olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunctions associated with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, S=13.2%

123 without complete recovery of smell/taste: S=15.4%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,183/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 83 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS & treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 31.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,184/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 4,019 in ICU with Covid-19, CFS=25.9%

1,537 died within 28 days: CFS=29.8%

Note: 745 with unknown smoking status (18.5%) counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,185/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 1,547 with Covid-19 (~99% hospitalized), 45.7% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,186/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 4,019 with confirmed Covid-19, 7% were current smokers & 15% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,187/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 32 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% were smokers

Of 53 uninfected controls (hospital & university staff), 28.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,188/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 383 with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers*

127 died: 8.7% were smokers*

expressed as both "current smoking" & "smoking history"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
4,189/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

Of 105 with stage 5 chronic kidney disease hospitalized for Covid-19, 4.8% were smokers & 41.9% were former smokers

21 died: 9.5% were smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,190/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 73 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 & suspected pulmonary embolism, 24.7% were active smokers

18 with pulmonary embolism: 33.3% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34586296/
4,191/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoking within the previous year

Of 405,896 age 50+ tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=24.7%

62,075 positive: S=21.5%

Note: not a representative sample

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,192/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 6,404 with rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases, ES=20.4%

179 with confirmed (174) or suspected (5) Covid-19, ES=19%

45 severe: ES=20%

error in Table 4?

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,193/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 293 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, C=4.4% & X=16%

168 nonsevere: C=4.2% & X=15.5%
69 severe: C=1.4% & X=14.5%
56 critical: C=8.9% & X=19.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,194/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,821,244 veterans: C=23.1% & F=25.8%

Of 151,195 with Covid-19 & still alive 30 days after testing positive, C=17.8% & F=28.2%

Continued
4,194a/

16,150 hospitalized: C=25.9% & F=25.1%

5,163 ICU: C=21.4% & F=26%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-940…
4,195/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 109 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.2% were smokers

32 critical: 12.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-923…
4,196/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

S=current smoker

Of 586 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.8%

88 died: S=3.4%

excluding 117 with unknown smoking status
469 hospitalized: S=7.2%
(# of deaths with unknown ss not reported)
academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/…
4,197/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: D=daily, F=former

Of 157* hospitalized with Covid-19, D=4.5% & F=21.7%

93 ICU: D=2.2% & F=19.4%

Notes:

*156 included; 157 w/ smoking status
if any non-daily smoking, not reported
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,198/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 10,440 health care system employees & patients tested for antibodies, 854 positive (8.2%)

2,082 with smoking status (C=current, P=past)

pos: C=2% & P=13.9%
neg: C=6.7% & P=16.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,199/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 707 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.7% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,200/

tobacco: C=current, X=ex

Of 688 cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19 in 6 countries*, C=7.1% & X=30.5%

Notes:

error in Table 1
*Canada, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Germany, Italy and (mostly) Spain

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,201/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 160 solid organ transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers

69 required oxygen (including 25 who died): 1.4% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,202/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 53 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.9% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

7 non-mild cases: all non-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,203/

Ecuador (adult smoking rate was 7.1% in 2016)

Of 277 age 60+ tested for antibodies, 5.1% were current smokers

175 positive: 4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,204/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 35,300 age 66+ hospitalized with Covid-19, ND=32.5%

228,228 matched controls with no record of hospitalization for Covid-19: ND=24.8%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,205/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 313 with intellectual disabilities hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.3% & F=13.7%

Of 1,055 matched controls (without ID) hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.5% & F=26.4%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34607870/
4,206/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 106 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.5% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ij…
4,207/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 23,263 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 30.9% were current smokers & 57.9% were former smokers

7,869 hospitalized: 23.7% were current smokers & 60.6% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/milmed/advance…
4,208/

Of 276 or 277* hospitalized with Covid-19 in Argentina, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia, 14.1% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,209/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=40%

12 mild-moderate: SH=41.7%
28 severe-critical: SH=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,210/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Apparently all or almost all included in study in tweet 527

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,211/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 320 with Covid-19, "32 (10.0%) were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Updated & peer-reviewed (dead link to preprint)

India

Numbers are the same, but it's "moderate and severe" now.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,212/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

smoking:
C=current
O=occasional (not included with current)
F=former

Of 1,500 with Covid-19:
C=26.4%
O=4.8%
F=6.6%

300 asymptomatic:
C=8.7%
O=4.7%
F=6.7%

300 mild:
C=25%
O=4.7%
F=9%

Continued
4,212a/

300 moderate
C=32.3%
O=6.3%
F=4.3%

300 severe:
C=36%
O=3.3%
F=9.7%

300 critical:
C=30%
O=5%
F=3.3%

Note: passive smoking data reported too

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,213/

Mississippi, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 1,230 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,214/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)
Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 132 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypoxic respiratory failure, 3% were smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps…
4,215/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 42 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonitis, 2.4% was a smoker & 40.5% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,216/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smokers

Of 573,018 with Covid-19, CFS=29.4%

117,897 hospitalized: CFS=34.9%

450,725 hosp'd without Covid-19: CFS=31.6%

urban hosp'd w/ C-19 more likely to be CFS than rural

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,217/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of ~5,165* with Covid-19, 19.4% were smokers

~3,471* hospitalized: 24% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,218/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 161 with Covid-19, S=5 (3.1%)
69 delta: S=1 (1.4%)
92 non-delta: S=4 (4.3%)

115 hospitalized: S=2 (1.7%)

19 died: S=1 (5.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,219/

Palestine

"Smoking appeared to have a negative effect on the likelihood of becoming infected and smoking reduced the chance of infection. This was rather unexpected as smoking is known to weaken the immune system.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,220/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 389 doctors with Covid-19, S=7 (1.8%)

277 asymptomatic/mild: S=6 (2.2%)
112 moderate/severe: S=1 (0.9%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-944…
4,221/

Europe

Of 10,925 pregnant women, 11.2% were smokers

393 SARS-CoV-2-positive: 11.2% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
authors from Belgium, France & Italy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,222/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate: 20.7% in 2019)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 90,722 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=12%

1,443 died: CFS=17.3%

Data (deaths):
1,255 standard surveillance: CFS=15.3%
188 chart-abstracted: CFS=30.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,223/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,239 discharged from a hospital emergency department with mild Covid-19, A=6.1% & F=10.7%

167 readmitted to ED within 14 days: A=6% & F=20.4%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34617705/
4,224/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 259 still alive at least 2 months after diagnosis with Covid-19 pneumonia, 1.5% were current smokers & 12.4% were previous smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-941…
4,225/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 355 physicians who responded to a survey, S=22.3%

232 infected with SARS-CoV-2: S=28%

Note: all data self-reported

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34621516/ Image
4,226/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,267 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.2% were smokers (not specifieid if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,227/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 1,265 tested for antibodies, 25.6% were current smokers & 2.8% were ex-smokers

303 positive: 15.2% were current smokers & 1.7% were ex-smokers

ORs (positivity):
Current: 0.47
Ex: 0.34

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,228/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 222 with Covid-19, 16.2% were current smokers (CS)

110 with myalgia: CS=15.7%
109 with headache: CS=12.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej…
4,229/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 109 with severe Covid-19 & treated with ECMO, 6.4% were current smokers & 17.4% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
4,230/

Slovakia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.2% in 2017)

Of 16 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with intubation & mechanical ventilation, 5 were smokers (31.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-961…
4,231/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of an unclear 3-digit number with hypertension in ICU with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, 40 to 45% were smokers (not specified...)

Note: they had, but didn't report, current/former data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-898…
4,232/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 21 people living with HIV & confirmed Covid-19, 28.6% were current smokers (CS)

10 with AIDS: CS=50%
11 without AIDS: CS=9.1%

All survived

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,233/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 138 with Covid-19 admitted to isolation facilities, 23.2% had a smoking history (SH)

72 with depression: SH=26.4%
79 with anxiety: SH=21.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,234/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 40 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 17.5% were smokers (apparently ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
4,235/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 1,635 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=8.1% & X=28.4%

1,359 hospitalized and/or who died: A=6.1% & X=30.1%

395 ICU and/or who died: A=4.8% & X=38%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…

ORs 👇 ImageImage
4,236/

Sudan (smoking age 18-69 was 9.6% & smoking+smokeless was 15.6% in 2016)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 418 with Covid-19, S=4.5%

61 mild: S=1.6%
78 moderate: S=1.3%
279 severe: S=6.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-967…
4,237/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 5,426 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=12.3%

1,859 Wuhan: CFS=6%
3,567 New York: CFS=15.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-941…
4,237a/

Note: New York patients were from this USA study

4,238/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 86 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers & 43% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-959…
4,239/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 70 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-898…
4,240/

S=active or former smoker

Navajo Nation (American Indian & Alaska Native adult smoking rate was 20.9% in 2019)

Of 46 with Covid-19, S=8.7%

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 70 with Covid-19, S=14.3%

academic.oup.com/ajcp/advance-a…
4,241/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=Smoker or history of smoking

Of 1,140* cancer patients hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.6% (10.7% reported)

383 died: S=12% (12.1% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,242/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 64 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.5% were current smokers & 32.8% were former smokers

34 healthy controls (volunteers): 8.8% were current smokers & 5.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,243/

Spain

A subset of people included in study in tweets 3,920 & 3,920a

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,244/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 682 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 5.4% were current smokers & 28.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,245/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=current or previous smoker

Of 288 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19 pneumonia, S=25% (23.9% reported)

77 ICU: S=19.5%

Of 123 hospitalized with influenza, S=42.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,246/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

S=current/former smoker

Of 7,325 tested for antibodies (before 14 Dec), S=74.1%
669 positive: S=81.5%

2,425 tested for ABs (after 14 Dec; 56% w/ at least 1 dose of vaccine): S=72.7%
1,126 positive: S=75.8%

Continued
4,246a/

In supplement, reported numbers of never smokers & current/former smokers for those tested before 14 Dec were reversed. It appears the supplement is the correct version; the authors wrote, "ever-smoker (0.49 (0.35, 0.67)) had protective effects"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,247/

Poland (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.2% in 2017)

S=smoked during pregnancy

Of 101 with Covid-19 in late pregnancy, S=2%

Of 101 matched controls who gave birth in 2019, S=2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,248/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 105 with Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers

56 with loss of taste and smell: 16.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,249/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 102 hospital employees who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.5% were smokers

19 with moderate or severe depression: 15.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,250/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

Of 1,200 with Covid-19, S=70.2%

400 hospitalized & survived: S=70.8%

400 died: S=77.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,251/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 199 still alive 6 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, "One-ninth of the participants (n = 22, 11.1%) had smoked in the year prior to COVID-19."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,252/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 330 in ICU with Covid-19, 23.9% were smokers

64 with tracheostomy: 39.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,253/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 141 still alive 6 months after hospitalization with Covid-19, C=6.4% & F=5%

52 with diabetes: C=9.6% & F=7.7%
48 with secondary hyperglycemia: C=2.1% & F=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,254/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 160 hospitalized with Covid-19 who developed drug-induced liver injury, 8.8% were smokers & 10% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,255/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 167 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=7.2% & F=32.3%

81 hospitalized: C=6.2% & F=38.3%

30 of hospitalized with severe illness: C=zero & F=43.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,256/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 51 recovering from hospitalisation with COVID-19, C=zero & X=19.5% (15% reported)

25 matched controls: C=4% & X=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,257/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 12,560 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13% were current smokers & 45.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,258/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 22 with acute vascular complications associated with COVID-19, 13.6% were current smokers & 40.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,259/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,648 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.1% were ever smokers

293 died: 44.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,260/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 112 in ICU with Covid-19 who received enteral nutritional support, 27.7% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,261/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,789,540 individuals, 52.4% were current or former smokers

96,607 with Covid-19: 52.6% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,262/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

C=current smoker

Of 529 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required high flow oxygen, C=8.7%

Of 213 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or who died while on HFO, C=8.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,263/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 734,431 with Covid-19, N=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,264/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

ST=Smoking & Tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 14,171 tested for SARS-CoV-2, ST=2.8%

2,286 positive: ST=1.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,265/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 3,244 who recovered from Covid-19, 24.9% were current smokers & 17.2% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,266/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 211* hospitalized w/ Covid-19, 3.8% were current smokers

100* in ICU, mechanically ventilated, who died in hospital and/or died within 60 days, 4% were current smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,267/

West Virginia, USA (adult smoking rate was 23.8% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 79 in ICU with Covid-19, CS=5.1%

43 died: CS=2.3%

Transferred from a rural facility:

50 w/ Covid-19 ARDS: CS=4% (incl. in 79 ICU)
31 w/ non-Covid-19 ARDS: CS=29%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,268/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 191 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,269/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 244 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.3% were current smokers & 11.9% were past smokers

73 died: 12.3% were current smokers & 19.1% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,270/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19, 31.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,271/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

active "smoker":
C=cigarette
S=shisha
V=vape

Of 150 with a history of Covid-19:

75 with post-Covid-19 syndrome:
C=38.7%
S=13.3%
V=8%

75 w/o post-Covid-19 syndrome:
C=50.7%
S=6.7%
V=6.7%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,272/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 3,801 with hematological malignancies & SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=12.5%

675 asymptomatic: SH=12.9%
658 mild: SH=11.2%
1,736 severe: SH=12.4%
689 critical: SH=14.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,273/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 150 with Covid-19, 12.7% were current smokers & 25.3% were former smokers

Not a study of the effects of smoking on Covid-19; it's a study of the effects of Covid-19 on smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cr…
4,274/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 417,153 diagnosed with Covid-19, 13.6% were current tobacco users

Of 344,205 diagnosed with influenza (2018-2019), 17.4% were current tobacco users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,275/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ES=ever smoker

Of 649 people living with HIV with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=50.2%

106 hospitalized: ES=47.2%

31 ICU: ES=41.9% (50% reported)

16 intubated: ES=31.2%

12 died: ES=50%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,276/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

current smoking: D=daily, O=occasional (total)

Of 61,995 survey respondents, D=4.6% & O=3.3% (7.9%)

680 diagnosed with Covid-19: D=1.3% & O=3.8% (5.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,277/

Réunion, France (adult smoking rate was 24.1% in 2014)

AS=active smoker

Of 1,007* symptomatic individuals screened for Covid-19, AS=16.1%

Diagnosis:
77* Covid-19: AS=5.2%
61* dengue: AS=19.7%
869* other febrile illnesses: AS=16.8%

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,278/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 240 with severe or critical Covid-19, C=5.8% & X=31.3%

136 with diabetes: C=5.1% & X=30.9%
104 without diabetes: C=6.7% & X=31.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,279/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 130 who required oxygen while hospitalized with Covid-19 still alive one year later, 6.9% were current smokers & 49.2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-951…
4,280/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 11 with spontaneous pneumothorax associated with Covid-19, 3 were smokers & 3 were ex-smokers (27.3% each)

academic.oup.com/icvts/advance-…
4,281/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 51,274 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.7% & F=35.4%

1,473 required kidney replacement therapy: C=5.8% & F=33.1%

8,129 with acute kidney injury: C=7.5% & F=38.1%

academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar…
4,282/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 5,086 with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,283/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 381 health care workers with Covid-19, CS=7 (1.8%)

11 mechanically ventilated: CS=2 (18.2%)

14 died: CS=2 (14.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-954…
4,284/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 703 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 15.6% were current or ex-smokers

326 positive: 14.1% were current or ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-979…
4,285/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoke; ES=ever smoked (not included in S)

Of 5,067 tested for antibodies, S=28.5% & ES=4.5%

313 positive: S=16.9% & ES=6.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-961…
4,286/

Somalia (daily smoking rates: male=13.1% & female=1.6% in 2015)

S=smoking
K=khat
Sh=shisha

Of 2,388 tested for antibodies:
S=4.6%
K=3.2%
Sh=1.9%

1,069 positive:
S=6.6%
K=4.2%
Sh=3.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-961… Image
4,287/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 175 mechanically ventilated in ICU with respiratory failure because of SARS-CoV-2, S=4.6%

71 with secondary respiratory infections: S=2.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-966…
4,288/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Current use
T=tobacco
M=marijuana
Co=cocaine
Cr=crack
I=injectables

Of 289 people experiencing homelessness (203) & shelter workers (86) tested for antibodies:
T=45.7%
M=21.4%
Co=23.9%
Cr=16.3%
I=2.1%

Continued
4,288a/

151 positive:

T=38.4%
M=15.9%
Co=21.2%
Cr=15.9%
I=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,289/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 493 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17% had a smoking history

155 died: 19.4% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,290/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 54 with Covid-19, 3.7% were smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,291/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 50 mechanically ventilated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 28% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,292/

China (male current smoking age 15+ was 50.5% in 2018)

Of 41 males age 18 to 45 who recovered from Covid-19, six were smokers (14.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,293/

Iran (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 1.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 261 females hospitalized with Covid-19, S=0.8%

Of 515 unmatched uninfected controls, S=1%

"no fatality among the smoker female"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,294/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,985* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.3%

1325* mild: S=4.8%
326* severe (survived): S=7.1%
334* died: S=5.4%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,295/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 1,000 blood donors (967 male) tested for antibodies, 74.6% were smokers

145 positive: 62.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Comment: it's not a "non-association" Image
4,296/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 44 ICU patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19-related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure & treated with HFNC, two were smokers (4.5%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,297/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, P=previous

Of 434* critically ill with Covid-19, A=9.9%

229* treated with invasive mechanical ventilation: A=10.5%

139* died: A=10.8%

Continued
4,297a/

Of 411* critically ill with Covid-19, P=28.2%

222* treated with invasive mechanical ventilation: P=28.4%

134* died: P=28.4%

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data

Error in Table 1; see supplement

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,298/

Mexico

Of 48,445 under age 18 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1% were smokers

425 died: 1.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever, but current appears more likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,299/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 2,908 hospitalized with covid-19 who required supplemental oxygen, 17.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,300/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.2%

35 common: S=5.7%

14 severe & critically severe: S=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,301/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 734 with Covid-19, 43.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,302/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

AS=active smoker

Of 118 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, AS=2 (1.7%)

12 common: AS=zero
106 severe/critical: AS=2 (1.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,303/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

Of 41 pregnant women hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, "none of the women were active smokers during gestation"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,304/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 123 age 80+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.5% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,305/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 11 with a history of diabetes or hyperglycemia who required IV or subcutaneous insulin therapy while in ICU with Covid-19, 9.1% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,306/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 164 fully vaccinated health care workers with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=12.2%

Of 164 matched fully vaccinated uninfected health care workers, CS=10.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,307/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 13 still alive 6 months after hospitalization with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,308/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, "10% of them were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,309/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified...)

Of 42,002 who had hip surgery, T=11.4%

678 diagnosed with Covid-19 within 2 weeks before surgery: T=10.3%

6,780 matched uninfected controls (from 42,002): T=8.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,310/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

DS=daily smoker

Of ~657* with severe Covid-19, DS=7.9%

most serious outcome:
403* hospitalized: DS=6.2%
133* ICU: DS=3%
121* died: DS=19%

3,428* matched controls: DS=8.6%

*calculated

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666788/ Image
4,311/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 2,664 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and/or were diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.2% were current smokers (5.9% daily, 2.3% some days) & 30.6% had quit

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665758/
4,312/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 86 in ICU with Covid-19, 39.5% were ever smokers

53 invasively ventilated: 43.4% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cr…
4,313/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 103 age 65 to 89 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33% were current or ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,314/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 252 with Covid-19, 25% were current smokers & 2.4% were previous smokers

Of 366 matched uninfected controls, 23.5% were current smokers & 1.9% were previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
England, UK

6-month follow-up of the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,315/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 1,070 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.1% & X=23.4%

976 mild: S=6% & X=21.7%
94 severe: S=6.4% & X=36.2%

107 died: S=6.5% & X=38.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,316/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

AT=history of alcohol intake, smoking or tobacco chewing

Of 224 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AT=21% (20.9 reported)

95 with olfactory and taste dysfunction: AT=17.9%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,317/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 5,940 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,318/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 590 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 (non-ICU), 19.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,319/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 11,059 with Covid-19, 9.7% were ex- or current smokers

OR

Of ~9,814 with Covid-19, 11% were ex- or current smokers

Number & percentage don't agree in Supplementary Table 2

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/10/…
4,320/

Mexico (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 13,062 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=1.7%

176 died as a direct result of Covid-19: S=1.7%

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uo…
4,321/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 325 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% had a history of smoking

177 with myocardial injury: 6.2% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
4,322/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoker, H=smoker in household

Of 547 household contacts (30.7% under age 13) tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=4.8% & H=8.2%

470 positive: S=4.3% & H=8.7%

262 symptomatic: S=4.2% & H=8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ir…
4,323/

Mexico (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 113 pregnant women hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=2 (1.8%)

82 non-severe: S=1 (1.2%)
31 severe: S=1 (3.2%)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uo…
4,324/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 283 with Covid-19, 3.2% were active smokers & 29% were former smokers

probably Wisconsin

embopress.org/doi/full/10.15…
4,325/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 800 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were smokers

104 died: 4.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,326/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 3,334 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 (NPS and/or antibody), 15% were active smokers

784 positive: 11% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,327/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 309 with interstitial lung disease, 43.7% were ever smokers

21 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 38.1% were ever smokers

Note: 7 with missing info counted as never smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-913…
4,328/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 124 in ICU with Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-997…
4,329/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 286,020 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.8%

38,995 hospitalized: S=10.4%

8,485 critical: S=11.5%

Note: Mexico City only

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
4,330/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 740 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30.5% were former smokers

Current smoking not mentioned

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,331/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 255 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=43.1%

62 no symptoms: S=54.8%
131 mild/moderate: S=35.1%
62 severe: S=48.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,332/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 19 with confirmed COVID‐19 and at least one new‐onset neurological symptom, 4 were smokers (21.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,333/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 4,066 with Covid-19, C=6.9% % P=14.8%

3,723 mild: C=7.1% & P=13.7%
343 severe: C=5.3% & P=26.8%

16,264 matched controls (without Covid-19): C=16% & P=12.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,334/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 10 with Covid-19-associated ARDS in ICU with suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, zero were active smokers & 3 were ex-smokers (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,335/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 70 hospitalized Covid-19 patients mechanically ventilated after HFNC treatment failed, 17.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,336/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 53 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (asymptomatic, mild & moderate), 24.5% were current cigarette smokers

53 controls (tested negative): 15.1% were current cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,337/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

S="maternal smoking"

Of 30 with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, S=1 (3.3%)

18 symptomatic: S=1 (5.6%)

16 with healthy pregnancies: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Russia

same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

4,338/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 2,044 tested for antibodies, 25.7% were current smokers & 16.2% were former smokers

253 positive

ORs (positive)
current: 0.43
former: 0.63

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,339/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 90 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.3% & X=30%

45 ITU (ICU): C=2.2% & X=28.9%

30 healthy controls: C=0 & X=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,340/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 80 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 5% were current smokers & 21.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,341/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of up to 77 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.4 to 15.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: reported numbers don't add up

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,342/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 41 hospitalized with symptoms of chest infection, 29.3% were smokers

21 with Covid-19: 23.8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,343/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,274 kidney transplant recipients (T) or dialysis patients (D) with confirmed Covid-19, C=2.6% & F=16%

1,571 T: C=3% & F=19.4%
703 D: C=1.6% & F=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,344/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 185 admitted to a field hospital with Covid-19 whose condition improved, 3.2% smoked (apparently current)

Smoking status of 24 whose condition deteriorated was not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,345/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 902 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.2% were smokers

179 mild: 20.7% were smokers
723 severe: 22.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,346/

South Carolina, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.5% in 2019)

Of 97,142 with Covid-19, 8.7% were current smokers & 17.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs (mild, severe, hospitalization, death) 👇 Image
4,347/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 957 hospital medical & paramedical employees tested for antibodies, 26.1% were active smokers (26.9% reported)

45 positive: 8.9% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-960…
4,348/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 549,185 veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=21.4% & F=43.8%

52,658 positive: C=12.2% & F=44.3%

8,928 hospitalized: C=12.2% & F=50.3%

High quality; smoking was focus

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar… Image
4,349/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,350/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 430 undergoing cancer treatment who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 9.1% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34694907/
4,351/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 435 with hypertension hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 22.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,352/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,353/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, H=history (current not included)

Of 707 with cancer & Covid-19, C=6.2% & H=50.5%

510 hospitalized and/or died: C=6.5% & H=55.7%

192 died: C=8.9% & H=57.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,354/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 303 health care workers still alive 1 year after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 96.7% were never smokers (NS)

113 mild/moderate: NS=99.1%
190 critical/severe: NS=95.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,355/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 72 with active or past Covid-19, 2 were current smokers (2.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,356/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, "7.5% were former smokers and 4% were active smokers at time of admission"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,357/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 211 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,358/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 218 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.8% were smokers

23 ICU: 8.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,359/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: A=active, F=former

Of 139 with Covid-19, A=8% & F=28%

Of 215 with Covid-19, A=9% & F=24%

Unclear whether some individuals were counted in both groups

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,360/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 18 with multiple sclerosis & Covid-19 infection, 4 were smokers (22.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,361/

Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 98 mechanically ventilated in ICU for severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 21.4% were current smokers & 40.8% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,362/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Sixty-seven (65.7%) patients had never smoked, 17 (16.7%) were active smokers, and 18 (17.6%) were former smokers."

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ju…
4,363/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 102 treated with veno-venous ECMO from 2015 to 2020, SH=33.3%

26 with Covid-19: SH=19.2%
112 without Covid-19: SH=36.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
4,364/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 937 with inflammatory bowel disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.8% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ap…
4,365/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

tobacco use (smoker):
C=current (D=daily, O=occasional)
X=ex

Of 12,114 tested for antibodies in May 2020:
C=20.4% (D=16.5%, O=3.9%)
X=32.1%

785 positive:
C=13% (D=8.8%, O=4.2%)
X=32.2%

Continued
4,365a/

tobacco:
C=current (D=daily, O=occasional)
X=ex (B=before, S=since epidemic)

Of 63,483 tested for antibodies in November 2020:
C=18.7% (D=14.1%, O=4.6%)
X=26.4% (B=25%, S=1.4%)

3,942 positive
C=11.7% (D=6.7%, O=5%)
X=25.1% (B=23.8%, S=1.2%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,366/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 170 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.3% were current tobacco smokers

Of 139 without SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.3% were current smokers (not well-matched), 19.4% were current tobacco smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
New Jersey, USA

apparently the same patients



https://t.co/dFlOHxW8j2
4,367/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,494 high-risk* outpatients with Covid-19, C=7.4% & F=13.1%

198 hospitalized (or probably should have been): C=4% & F=13.6%

thelancet.com/journals/langl…

*👇 Image
4,368/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 123 in isolation sites with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 15.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,369/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 59 with Covid-19 who were aboard Diamond Princess, C=6.8% & X=10.2%

33 with chest radiographic abnormalities: C=6.1% & X=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,370/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CS=current tobacco smoker

Of 25,721 with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection & tested for it, CS=15.1%

13,437 positive: CS=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,371/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 14,826 tested for antibodies, 11.4% were smokers

2,647 positive: 11.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,372/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 323 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.7% were smokers

Or not. Reported numbers & percentages don't agree. Either way, they're lower than population smoking rate

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,373/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

AS=active smoker

Of 179 mechanically ventilated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia–induced respiratory failure, AS=2.2% (2.4% reported)

28 with bacterial superinfections: AS=3.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,374/

Sweden (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 71,207 who gave birth, S=3.7%
1,353 SARS-CoV-2-positive: S=1.8%

Of another 13,351 who gave birth (universal testing), S=3.6%
778 positive: S=3.6%

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/14…
4,375/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 750 hospitalized for Covid-19, 3.7% were smokers (3.6% reported)

390 with myocardial injury: 3.8% were smokers (3.6% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec… Image
4,376/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 14 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=zero & X=42.9%

28 matched uninfected controls (see methods): C=32.1% & X=35.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,377/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 108 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,378/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of ~133,299* tested for SARS-CoV-2, 16.5% had a smoking history

~4,347* positive: 14.4% had a smoking history

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,379/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 544 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=14.3% & X=20.2%

43 asymptomatic: S=14% & X=23.3%
373 mild: S=17.4% & X=18%
128 moderate, critical & severe: S=5.5% & X=25.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,380/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 101 hospitalized with Covid-19, 41.6% were smokers

87 healthy controls: 37.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,381/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 815 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=6.6%

464 died: CS=5.4%
274 within 7 days of diagnosis: CS=3.6%
190 more than 7 days: CS=7.9%

351 survived (hospitalized): CS=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
A paper for those who are interested in the effects of secondhand smoke on testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

In reality, it's an activist screed which doesn't deserve a number.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,382/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 78 with Covid-19, 23.1% were current or past smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,383/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 192 with Covid-19, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,384/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 1,180 Covid-19 patients in ICU, 7.2% were smokers

540 died within 28 days: 3.9% were smokers (5% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-961…
4,385/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 11 who required noninvasive ventilation or mechanical ventilation secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and had PCR confirmed cytomegalovirus viremia, "All 11 patients were never-smokers"

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
4,386/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 158 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=8.9% & F=11.4%

48 pre-α: C=6.3% & F=18.8%
42 α: C=16.7% & F=4.8%
68 δ: C=5.9% & F=10.3%

Continued
4,386a/

Of 227 household & non-household contacts of people with δ infections tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=8.4% & F=11%

51 positive: C=5.9% & F=11.8%

Note
pre-α & α: Greater London only
δ & contacts: Greater London & Bolton

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
4,387/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 281 hospitalized with COVID-19, hypoxia, and signs of a cytokine release syndrome, 6.4% were current smokers & 35.9% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
4,388/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 109 in ICU with Covid-19, 22 or 24% were previous or active smokers (reported twice with different numbers)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,389/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 186 w/ history of venous or deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolic disease, or venous or pulmonary thromboembolism, S=20.4%

21 w/ mild Covid-19: S=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,390/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 31,323 individuals, CS=16.4%

12,808 (11,174) tested: CS=16.4% (14.6%)*

8,081 (of 12,808) positive: CS=12.1%

*reported twice with different numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,391/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 2,384 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2% were current or former smokers

452 died: 0.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,392/

South Africa (2017 current smoking age 15+ = 20.8%)

S=current smoking (D=daily, W=once or twice a week, O=occasionally)

Of 5,191 tested for antibodies, S=19.5% (D=13.4%, W=3%, O=3.1%)

1,005* positive: S=14.3% (D=8.2%, W=3.2%, O=3%)

*calculated

academic.oup.com/ije/advance-ar… Image
4,393/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 72 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=9.7%

15 asymptomatic: S=13.3%
57 moderate: S=8.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,394/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 1,044 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,395/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,995 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=85.8%

50 died: S=88%

98.6% of the patients with smoking habits were cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,396/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 291 still alive 3 months after being hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, 7.6% were current smokers & 16.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,397/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 86 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=29.1%

35 had olfactory dysfunction: S=31.4% or 34.3%*

*reported twice with different numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,398/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 64 who recently recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.6% were smokers

18 with cardiac involvement*: 11.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

*👇 Image
4,399/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,486* hospitalized with Covid-19, 35.8% were active smokers

196* ICU: 44.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,400/

Ohio & (maybe) Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 870 with Covid-19, 36.6% had a history of tobacco use (37.0% reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,401/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,904 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were current smokers & 27.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,402/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 13 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke and were diagnosed with SARS-Cov-2 infection during the same hospitalization, 3 (23.1%) were smokers (not specified...)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,403/

Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

31,549 tested for SARS-CoV-2: C=14.5% & F=32.2%

2,219 positive: C=7.9% & F=27.1%

OR: pos, hosp, death
current: 0.34, 1.6, 0.71
former: 0.79, 1.35, 1.47

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,404/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 105 hospitalized with Covid-19 who underwent neuroimaging, 6.7% were current smokers & 8.6% were ex-smokers

6 w/ cerebrovascular events: 0 were current smokers & 16.7% was an ex-smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,405/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 390 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, SH=6.7%

178 non-severe: SH=6.2%
212 severe: SH=7.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,406/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,317 undergoing cardiac surgery, 21.4% were active smokers & 16.5% were former smokers

44 diagnosed with Covid-19: 29.5% were active smokers & 13.6% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
4,407/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 78 reporting chest pain and dyspnea 1 to 2 months after recovering from Covid-19, 16.7% were cigarette smokers

67 healthy controls: 20.9% were cigarette smokers

Note: not specified...
researchsquare.com/article/rs-103…
4,408/

Ecuador (adult smoking rate was 7.1% in 2016)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 673 age 40+ in a single village tested multiple times over the pandemic for antibodies, S=4.8%

213 always negative: S=5.2%

Note: 31 left study before it was over

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,409/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 23,556 veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.7% were current smokers & 51.7% were former smokers

3,503 died (any cause) within 30 days of positive test

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Propensity-score matched groups: ORs 👇 Image
4,410/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 235 with anosmia while hospitalized with Covid-19, 23% were current smokers (CS)

27 without anosmia recovery at 4 weeks: CS=3.7%
16 without anosmia recovery at 8 weeks: CS=zero

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li… Image
4,411/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 109 with Covid-19, 7.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
4,412/

Denmark (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 36 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, two were current smokers (5.6%)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
4,413/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 657 outpatients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19.9% had a history of smoking

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4,414/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 203 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 7.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,415/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 526 with history of hypothyroidism hospitalized with Covid-19, S=19%

Of 526 matched (non HT) controls hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,416/

Israel (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.1% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 494 pregnant:

157 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: S=1.3%

212 uninfected (unvaxxed): S=4.2%

125 vaxxed (presumably uninfected): S=4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,417/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex, P=regular passive

Of 11,130 tested for antibodies, C=4.7% & X=38.9%
1,696 positive: C=4.5% & X=40.7%

Of 11,128 tested for antibodies, P=1.8%
1,695 positive: P=1.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,418/

Europe

FCS=former/current smokers

Of 2,172 with active cancer or in remission & with SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=48.1%

1,315 survivors assessed at follow-up (median 44 days later): FCS=44.3%

195 with post-Covid sequelae: FCS=55.9%

thelancet.com/journals/lanon…
4,419/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

PCS=past or current smoker

Of 121 with severe mental illness infected with SARS-CoV-2, PCS=14%

1,210 uninfected matched controls with severe mental illness: PCS=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,420/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 110 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) & Covid-19, AS=10%

330 random controls with Covid-19 & w/o ACS: AS=6.7%

330 random controls w/o Covid-19 & with ACS: AS=24.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,421/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

Of 17 women in ICU with Covid-19, two were current smokers & 2 were former smokers (11.8% each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,422/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 407 health care workers, 15.7% were current or past smokers

49 with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection: 12.2% were current or past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,423/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 19 with Covid-19, S=21.1%

81 of their close contacts: S=40.7%

34 contacts tested positive: smoking status not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,424/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

SH=smoking history (tobacco or marijuana)

Of 64* tested for SARS-CoV-2, SH=15.6%

28* positive: SH=14.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,425/

ES=ever smoking

Of 4,141 hospitalized with Covid-19 in Iraq, Pakistan, Sudan, Somalia, Morocco, Egypt & Yemen, ES=14.6%

2,085 moderate: ES=11.3%
2,056 critical: ES=18.3%

746 died: ES=15.8%

preprints.jmir.org/preprint/32831…
4,426/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

S=smoker (L = <20 cigarettes/day, H = ≥20); X=ex-smoker

Of 13,395 tested for antibodies, S=13.9% (L=12.6%, H=1.3%) & X=17.2%

296 positive: S=7.8% (L=7.8%, H=0) & X=16.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,427/

Faroe Islands, Denmark (adult smoking rate was 27% in ~2018)

smoking: C=current (A=active, O=occasional), F=former

Of 558 tested for antibodies, C=24% (A=16.7%, O=7.3%) & F=22.8%

28 positive: C=7.1% (A=3.6%, O=3.6%) & F=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,428/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 507 hospitalized with confirmed or highly probable Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,429/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 26 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 who experienced sudden sensorineural hearing loss, 5 (19.2%) were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,430/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 11 who had orthopedic trauma surgery & tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, six were current or former smokers (54.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,431/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 1,283 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8% & P=31.5%

858 moderate: C=9.1% & P=27.9%
270 severe (survived): C=5.6% & P=30.7%
155 died: C=5.8% & P=52.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34740944/

‼️ 👇 Image
4,432/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=current & former smoking

Of 10,781,730 fully vaccinated individuals, S=53.8%

16,740 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: S=49%

950 hospitalized: S=62.1%

160 died: S=62.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,433/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)
USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 248 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,434/

Malaysia (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 319 hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia, 2.8% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-102…
4,435/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 1,227 with cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=15.2%

156 severe and/or died within 30 days: ES=23.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-100…
4,436/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 161 Covid-19 survivors, 6.2% were current smokers (CS) & 27.3% were former smokers (FS)

88 with probable or very likely myocarditis 28+ days later: CS=9.1% & FS=26.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-105…
4,437/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 41* with Covid-19, CS=31.7%

22* mild-stable: CS=36.4%
14* moderate-stable: CS=25%
7* moderate-progressed: CS=28.6%

26* healthy controls: CS=19.2%

*calculated

researchsquare.com/article/rs-104…
4,438/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 713 with COVID-19 (confirmed or presumptive) who had a history of primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica, 37.2% were ever smokers

OR severe (ever smoker) = 1.01

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
4,439/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 1,682 hospitalized for Covid-19, CT=10.3%
290 fully vaccinated (mRNA): CT=7.2%
1,392 unvaccinated: CT=11.1%

2,282 hospitalized for other reasons: CT=20.4%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4,440/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,294 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR and/or antibody), A=5.6% & F=3.4%

611 positive: A=2.8% & F=2.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,441/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 2,361 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=4.3%

2,108 unvaccinated: CS=4.2%
70 partially vaccinated: CS=8.6%
183 fully vaccinated: CS=3.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,442/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 9 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors & 7 SARS-CoV-2-infected recipients, "none of them had a history of smoking"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-104…
4,443/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 2,204 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.8% were smokers & 0.9% were ex-smokers

102 died: 4.9% were smokers & 2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-104…
4,444/

Europe

Of 394 with active or history of breast cancer diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.1% were active smokers & 21.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,445/

Turkey (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 42 female volleyball players, CS=9.5%

17 with Covid-19 (all recovered): CS=zero
25 uninfected: CS=16%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,446/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 850 health care workers, who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR), tested for antibodies, S=11.3%

21 negative: S=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,447/

Ireland (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.8% in 2017)

Of 130 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.7% smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,448/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 653 health care workers & patients with a high risk of exposure to COVID-19, C=2.6% & F=15%

338 tested: C=3.6% & F=19.2%

129 positive: C=2.3% & F=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,449/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 100 diagnosed with Covid-19, FCS=5

9 asymptomatic: FCS=33.3%
79 symptomatic (survived): FCS=2.5%
12 died: FCS=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,450/

Maryland, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 11.3% in 2019)

Of 17 pregnant patients who required mechanical ventilation in ICU for COVID-19 pneumonia, zero used tobacco during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,451/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 118,748 individuals, 7.7% were current smokers & 38.7% were former smokers

1,044 SARS-CoV-2 positive: 5.8% were current smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-103…
4,452/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 516 with inflammatory bowel disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 33.5% were current smokers

academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/advan…
4,453/

Massachusetts, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2019)

Of 1,639 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.9% were current smokers & 19.5% were former smokers

75 tested positive again 90+ days later: 18.7% were current smokers & 28% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
4,454/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,935 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=5.2% & F=29.5%

3,467 matched controls (tested negative): C=11.8% & F=39%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman… Image
4,455/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 367 still alive at least 1 month after hospitalization with Covid-19, A=35.4% & X=5.4%

257 with long Covid: A=39.3% & X=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,456/

USA & (Canada): current smoking age 18+ (12+) was 14.0% (14.8%) in 2019

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,315 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=6.8% & X=32.2%

797 with gastrointestinal symptoms: C=7.7% & X=33.8%

333 with diarrhea: C=5.7% & X=28.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,457/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoking: A=active & F=former

Of 35 alive 3 months after hospitalization w/ severe COVID-19 pneumonitis, A=2.9% & F=28.6%

19 w/ impaired maximal oxygen uptake (CPET): A=0 & F=31.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,458/

India (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.2% in 2017)

Of 37 males age 20 to 45 with mild or moderate COVID-19, 18.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,459/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of ~12,297* diagnosed with hypertension & Covid-19, 3.1% were current smokers & 29.2% were former smokers

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,460/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 in ICU with severe or critical Covid-19, S=40%

30 died: S=66.7%

Comment: I'd ask researchers how often patients smoked in ICU

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,461/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 116 with mild to moderate symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 & evidence of COVID-19 lung involvement on chest CT (non-hospitalized), 8.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,462/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 200 outpatients with Covid-19, 5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,463/

Spain, Mexico & Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2%, 14.3% & 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 73 with Covid-19-associated ARDS, S=24.7%

39 invasive mechanical ventilation: S=17.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,464/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 198 critically ill with COVID-19, S=12.7%

41 died: S=19.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,465/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=tobacco use (not specified...)

Of 69 in ICU for acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=17.4%

36 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation: T=16.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,466/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 634 hospitalized with respiratory symptoms & tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=15.6% & X=36.6%

379 positive: C=9.8% & X=35.1%

Note: Not clear what "known" means

Continued Image
4,466a/

If "known" means unknown:

Of 522 hospitalized with respiratory symptoms & tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=19% & X=44.4%

306 positive: C=12.1% & X=43.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,467/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,461 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,468/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019)

Of 35 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.1% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,469/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)

Of 710 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,470/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 326 in ICU with Covid-19, 7.4% were smokers

170 died: 9.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,471/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,520 Covid-19 patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation in ICUs in 53 countries, 35.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,472/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 475 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were current smokers & 30.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,473/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 102 non-hospitalised adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.7% were active smokers & 11.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,474/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 116 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 24.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,475/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 412,551 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 7.7% were smokers

223,020 positive: 7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,476/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 19 in ICU due to Covid-19, five were smokers (26.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,477/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, (H=history)

Of 230 (219) with Covid-19, C=20% (H=50.4%)

163 mild: C=26.4% (H=51.5%*)
39 moderate: C=7.7% (H=51.3%*)
28 severe: C=zero (H=42.9%*)

*at least

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
Correction

It's Wisconsin & Switzerland

4,478/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 162 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.5% were current smokers

28 severe: 7.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,479/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 12 with critical COVID-19 (and 12 healthy controls), "None of the patients or controls were current smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,480/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of ~820* hospitalized with Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 27% were previous smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34761887/
4,481/

Venezuela (adult smoking rate was ~17% in 2019)

S="those who smoke or smoked" (apparently)

Of 576 with Covid-19, S=20.8%

414 mild/moderate: S=19.8%
162 severe/critical: S=23.5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,482/

USA (male current smoking age 18+ was 15.3% in 2019)

Of 1,008 with prostate cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 47% were current or former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,483/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 34 in ICU due to Covid-19, four were active smokers (11.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,484/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 62 with hematological malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2, 56.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,485/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 159 with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19, C=8.2% & F=39%

53 with pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum: C=7.5% & F=35.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,486/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 80 kidney transplant recipients (54) & dialysis patients (26) recovering/-ed from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

All 5 smokers were KTR

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,487/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 483 with SARS-CoV-2, S=3.5%

Note: error in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,488/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=(presumably current) smoking (E=every day, N=not every day)

Of 3,130 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=24.7% (E=15.6%, N=9.1%)

118 positive: S=22.9% (E=11.9%, N=11%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,489/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 588 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.2% were smokers

474 hospitalized: 8% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,490/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 43 diagnosed with Covid-19, "4 (9.3%) patients were smoking" (not clear if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,491/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,649,256 veterans, C=23.5% & F=26.2%

64,571 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=21.8% & F=24%
48,536 unvaccinated: C=22.6% & F=22.3%
16,035 fully vaccinated: C=19.3% & F=29.2%

Continued
4,491a/

2,352 hospitalized with breakthrough Covid-19: C=21.6% & F=32.2%

14,154 who survived hospitalization with influenza in 2016-2020 (no record of ever SARS-CoV-2 infection): C=31.8% & F=30%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-106…
4,492/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 365 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 3.8% were cigarette smokers, 2.2% were hukkah users & 0.8% were opium consumers (not specified...)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-964…
4,493/

Egypt (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.3% in 2017)

Of 107 males age 20 to 40 who recovered from acute Covid-19, 42.1% were smokers

90 matched uninfected controls: 44.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
4,494/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 602 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.3% were past or present smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-102…
4,495/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80,449 with STEMI, S=30.8%

924 with Covid-19: S=12%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4,496/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 222,575 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 18.6% were current or former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
4,497/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking, P=previously smoked

Of 98 still alive 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.2% & P=1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,498/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.1% in 2019) & maybe Pennsylvania & Delaware (17% & 15.9%)

C=current smoking, H="Positive Smoking Hx" (unclear if CS included)

Of 294 outpatients diagnosed with Covid-19, C=9.6% & H=30.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,499/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 70 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, C=10 (14.3%) & F=15 (21.4%)

13 ICU: C=2 & F=2 (15.4% each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,500/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 76 with severe COVID-19 ARDS & supported by ECMO in ICU, 19.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,501/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.8% in 2019)

S=current or former smoking

Of 405 with skin diseases & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=28.4%

338 asymptomatic-mild: S=26.9%
66 severe-critical: S=34.8%

Note: severity missing for one S

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,502/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 877 with suspected or known coronary artery disease, SH=60.3%

55 with Covid-19 infection: SH=58.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,503/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

C=current, F=former
S=smoker, V=vape

Of 636 with tuberculosis & Covid-19 co-infection, CS=28.9% & FS=11%

Of 523 with tuberculosis & Covid-19 co-infection, CV=6.9% & FV=0.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,504/

China (2018 current smoking age 15+ = 26.6%)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 473 alive 1 year post hosp'n w/ SARS-CoV-2, C=11.2% & F=5.3%

43 asymptomatic: C=2.3% & F=4.7%
21 mild: C=4.8% & F=0
356 mod: C=12.4% & F=5.6%
53 severe: C=13.2% & F=5.7%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,505/

Sudan (smoking age 18-69 was 9.6% & smoking+smokeless was 15.6% in 2016)

Of 243 diagnosed with Covid-19, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,506/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S="smoke habit" (not specified...)

Of 23 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection close to the time they had cardiac surgery, S=39.1%

46 matched uninfected controls (also had cardiac surgery): S=37%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,507/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 364 with post-Covid syndrome, C=6.6% & X=28.8%

65 hospitalized when they had acute Covid-19: C=3.1% & X=41.5%

Continued
4,507a/

severity of post-Covid syndrome:

89 mild: C=3.4% & X=31.5%
183 moderate: C=7.1% & X=27.3%
92 severe: C=8.7% & X=29.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,508/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T="Tobacco use (current smoker)"

Of 498,169 Medicare patients undergoing dialysis, T=6%

60,090 diagnosed with Covid-19: T=4.8%

ORs (T)

diagnosis: 0.84
mortality (among diagnosed): 1.16

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,509/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 284 emergency medical technicians (85.9% male) with probable or confirmed Covid-19, 4.2% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,510/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 84 in ICU* with Covid-19-associated mucormycosis, 4.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*86.9% had been hospitalized for COVID-19

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Nov 15

Of 6,736 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 4% were current smokers (CS)

Of 1,001 hospitalized, CS=4.4%



Continued
Update continued

Of 190 admitted to ICU, CS=3.2%

Of 146 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.4%

Of 106 who died, CS=4.7%

covidibd.org/current-data/

4,511/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.9% in 2019)

Of 1,325 hospitalized specifically for Covid-19, 43.1% had a history of tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,512/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

N="Personal history of nicotine"

Of 43 hospitalized primarily for COVID-19 & admitted to a rehabilitation hospital, N=18.6%

247 non–infected rehabilitation inpatients: N=17.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,513/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current cigarette smoking

Of 508 hospitalized due to Covid-19, CS=29.5%

68 died: CS=44.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34787881/
4,514/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 327 followed up 2 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19-associated respiratory distress, 18% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…

❓👇 Image
4,515/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 132 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with moderate-to-severe pneumonia, 5.3% were current smokers & 18.2% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
4,516/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

S=smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Of 125 with multiple sclerosis & history of Covid-19 tested for antibodies, S=14.4% (14.5% reported)

98 positive: S=12.2% (12.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,517/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 201 critically ill with COVID-19, 39.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,518/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 27 adults with sickle cell disease & Covid-19, S=3 (11.1%)

23 hospitalized: S=3 (13%)
4 ICU: S=1 (25%)

Presumably 13 pediatric pts were non-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,519/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 236 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2 (outpatients), S=16.5% (19% reported)

103 positive: S=16.5% (21% reported)

Possible missing data?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,520/

Slovenia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 43* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4 (9.3%*)

15* hospitalized: S=1 (6.7%)

35* uninfected controls: S=4 (11.4%)

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,521/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 382 hospitalized with Covid-19, 29.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs 👇 Image
4,522/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 544 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.9%

52 died: C=3.8%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34790017/
4,523/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 142 outpatients with Covid-19, S=46.5% (70.2%*)

40 required oxygen therapy: S=50%

*missing data; 70.2% likelier

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,524/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 1,565 with Covid-19, HS=4.2%

871 of them with hypertension: HS=5.7%

238 with hypertension & Covid-19 died: HS=5.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,525/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 210 (97.1% male) who recovered from Covid-19 & donated plasma, S=4.3%

Antibody test:

145 pos: S=4.9%
10 equivocal: S=0
55 neg: S=3.6%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,526/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker (10+ cigs per day)

Of 1,521* hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, AS=4.8%

Of 663* hospitalized w/ pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia (2000-2020), AS=33.2%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,527/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 19 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & at least one new-onset neurological symptom, 5.3% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,528/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 46* with tuberculosis, S=14%

25* of them diagnosed with Covid-19 and/or who tested positive for antibodies: S=4%

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,529/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 100 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, A=7 & F=36

21 died: A=9.5% & F=47.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,530/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 5,837 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.2%

624 with sepsis: CS=11.4%

Spain, Italy, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Serbia, Germany, Canada

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,531/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (almost certainly current)

Of 5,169 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=24.1%

1,196 positive: S=14.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,532/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 117 with active cancer who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=2.6% & F=30.8%

468 matched controls without cancer (SARS-CoV-2-positive): C=3.6% & F=25.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,533/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 780 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=6.8%

203 died: T=7.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,534/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 133 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9%*

51 hospitalized and/or died: CS=11.8%

21 ICU and/or died: CS=9.5%

*smoking status missing for 7 pts: Of 126, CS=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,535/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 3,178 SARS-CoV-2-positive or diagnosed with Covid-19, 7.9% were current smokers* & 32.1% had quit

*5.6% every day & 2.3% some days

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,536/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of ~2,274* with multiple sclerosis & confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers

~1,643* confirmed: 7% were current smokers

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,537/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of up to 400 with Covid-19, 12.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4.538/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 275 with Covid-19, 5.5% were active smokers

37 died: 5.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,538/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 275 with Covid-19, 5.5% were active smokers

37 died: 5.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,539/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 138 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.8% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,540/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,541/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

Of 23 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34.8% were current or former smokers

7 ICU: 28.6% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,542/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

Of 23 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13% were active smokers (13.2% reported, but that's mathematically impossible)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,543/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 494 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=5.5%

43 mild/asymptomatic: CS=7%
451 moderate/severe (hospitalized): CS=5.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-105…
4,544/

SH=smoking history

Of 171 with Covid-19 & suspected thromboembolic complications (TE), HS=38%

53 with TE: HS=54.7%

Not stated where; apparently Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802067/
4,545/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 2,535,098 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=15.3%

294,417 positive: CS=8.5%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,546/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,182 w/ multiple myeloma & SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=8.5%

Of 506,106 w/o cancer but with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=2.3%

Note: all fully vaxxed

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,547/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

Of 106 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 26.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,548/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

SV=Smoking/Vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 13,511 hospitalized with Covid-19, SV=6.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,549/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 67 hospitalized with Covid-19, "43.3% were former smokers and 19.4% were current smokers"

Note: most had chronic cardiac disease

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,550/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Of 10 pregnant or postpartum women on ECMO support for refractory ARDS from COVID-19, "There were no active smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,551/

(probably) Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

PCS=past or current smoking

All hospitalized with Covid-19

Of 113 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (MI) , PCS=49.6%

Of 121 matched controls (MC), PCS=37.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,552/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19-associated mucormycosis with cerebrovascular involvement, 12.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,553/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 701 with acute ischemic stroke, 22.1% were current smokers

91 with Covid-19: 20.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,554/

Northern Ireland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.6% in 2019)

Of 94 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.1% were current smokers & 33% were ex-smokers

32 ICU: zero were current smokers & 34.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,555/

Northern Ireland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.6% in 2019)

Of 123 with Covid-19 (115 age 65+), "46 (37.4%) patients were current or ex-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

👇 Image
4,556/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,843 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.5% were smokers

117 with any coinfection: 12% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,557/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 281* hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,558/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.7% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 159 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=42.1%

53 ICU: T=49.1%

16 with thromboembolic event: T=62.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,559/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 26,116 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 18.6% were current tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,560/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 3,640,206 individuals, C=20.3% & X=21.7%

with SARS-CoV-2 infection or Covid-19 diagnosis:

404,140 outpatients: C=16% & X=21.7%
45,048 hospitalized: C=8% & X=36.7%

Continued
4,560a/

4,470 ICU: C=7.2% & X=42.6%
8,251 died: C=6% & X=43.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,561/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 316 who had a CT scan to rule out pulmonary embolism, S=25.6%

158 with Covid-19: S=27.8%
158 random controls without Covid-19: S=23.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,562/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate = 18.9% in 2019)

Of 15 w/ ongoing respiratory symptoms and/or radiographic findings consistent w/ interstitial lung disease after recovery from acute COVID-19, 6.7% was a current smoker & 46.7% were former smokers
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,563/

Australia (current smoking age 18+ was 16.6% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 182 (117 without major treatment limitations) hospitalized with Covid-19: CS=4.4% (6%)

56 (23) deteriorated: CS=1.8% (4.3%)*

*1.8% & 4.3% were the same smoker

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im… Image
4,564/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

T=tobacco use during pregnancy

Of 696 who gave birth & were tested for antibodies, T=4.5%

105 positive: T=1.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pp…
4,565/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 43,062,103 adults, C=18% & F=24.2%

1,302,758 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or diagnosed with Covid-19: C=12.3% & F=24.9%

177,339 hospitalized: C=7.5% & F=39.7%

Continued
4,565a/

Wales, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2019)

Of 2,102,539 adults, C=26.7% & F=7.6%

66,612 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or diagnosed with Covid-19: C=20.6% & F=7.3%

10,077 hospitalized: C=20.8% & F=14.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,566/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

Of 26 with Covid-19*, zero were smokers

* "1 as asymptomatic, 1 as mild, 8 as moderate, 12 as severe, and 4 as critical"

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
4,567/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 62 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, 59.7% were smokers

14 with Covid-19: 78.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

academic.oup.com/icvts/advance-…
4,568/

Europe

Same patients

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…

4,569/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 200 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.5% were active smokers & 33% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,570/

Nepal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 226 diagnosed with Covid-19, 31% had a history of smoking

kumj.com.np/issue/74/173-1… Image
4,571/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12.7% in 2019)

S=smoking (documented on the delivery hospitalization record)

Of 1,249,634 women hospitalized for delivery, S=4.9%

21,653 w/ Covid-19: S=3.1%

18,904 pre-Δ period: S=2.7%
3,559 Δ period: S=5.1%

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
4,572/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 255,457 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, S=39.2%

25,222 diagnosed with pneumonia, hospitalized and/or who died: S=42.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,573/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 1,037 with Behçet’s syndrome, S=33.5%

215 diagnosed with Covid-19: S=26.5%

OR: 0.66 (0.47–0.93)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34825278/
4,574/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 160 who recovered from acute Covid-19 (150 still symptomatic ~5 months later), 7.5% were active smokers & 42.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,575/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 3,866 hospital workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=18.8% & X=7.1%

512 positive: C=17% & X=7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,576/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 700 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.9%

142 born in Latin America: S=3.5%
558 random Spanish controls: S=7.7% (7.8% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,577/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 408 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16% were current smokers

118 admitted to ICU and/or died: 15% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,578/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 108 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.3%

40 intubated and/or died: S=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,579/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 45 still alive 48 weeks after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 8.9% were active smokers & 31.1% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,580/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 426 with multiple sclerosis & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,581/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

Of 1,704 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 9.4%* were current or ex-smokers

*9.7% reported. If because of missing data, patient number is ~1,649

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,582/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 74 (47.3% health workers) still alive at least 4 months after diagnosis w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.4% & F=27%

53 with persistent symptoms, C=7.5% & F=28.3%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,583/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 44 (40 hospital employees & 4 relatives) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5 were active smokers (11.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,584/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 2,048 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.5% were smokers

590 died: 18% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,585/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoker*
P=passive smoker

Of 2,608 health care workers infected with SARS-CoV-2, S=11.5% & P=3.8%

*Question was "Have you had any of the following comorbidities?" Smoking was an option

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,586/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

AS=active smoker

Of 15 (12 male) with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and/or subcutaneous emphysema while hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ventilated), AS=7 (46.7%)

11 died: AS=7 (63.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,587/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 78,196 tested for antibodies, A=10.4% & X=41.4%

3,496 positive: A=9.3% & X=34.3%

ORs
Active: 0.71 (0.63; 0.80)
Ex: 0.69 (0.64 ; 0.74)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,588/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 523 kidney transplant recipients, S=5.7%

108 diagnosed with Covid-19: S=7.4%

16 died because of Covid-19: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,589/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 70 with Covid-19, S=11.4% & X=38.6%

Of 70 recovered from Covid-19, S=2.9% & X=42.9%

Of 70 healthy (not seropositive), S=21.4% & X=24.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update (1,020)

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 135 in ICU for Covid-19, 3.7% were active smokers

55 died: 1.8% was an active smoker

researchsquare.com/article/rs-685…

4,590/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 378 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 8.2% were current smokers* (4.2% every day, 4% weekly/social occasions)

* "including e-cigarettes" 🤦‍♂️

bmj.com/content/375/bm…
4,591/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 163 hospitalized with with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome, 8.6% were current smokers & 41.7% were ex-smokers

ard.bmj.com/content/79/9/1…
4,592/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 117 available for follow-up 3 months after being hospitalized with COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation, 2.6% were current smokers & 57.3% were ex-smokers

rmdopen.bmj.com/content/7/3/e0…
4,593/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,486* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 35.8% were active smokers

196* ICU: 44.4% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

emj.bmj.com/content/38/12/…
4,594/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 76 hospitalized with Covid-19, 56.6% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,595/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 2,482 with Covid-19, 3.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-107…
4,596/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 24 with severe lung injury caused by Covid-19 pneumonia, 4 were smokers* (16.7%)

* "including former smoker"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-101…
4,597/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,225 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-102…
4,598/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 1,192 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,599/

Hungary (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 326 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.5% were ever smokers

85 with clinical deterioration (see below), 27.1% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,600/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 187 in subintensive or intensive care units with Covid-19 pneumonia, CFS=8%

56 intubated: CFS=8.9%

58 died: CFS=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,601/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 59 with Behçet’s syndrome diagnosed with Covid-19 infection, 1.7% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,602/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 20,640 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.8% were current smokers & 25.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,603/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 56 still alive 1 year after being invasively mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 5.4% were current smokers & 30.4% were former smokers (> 1 month)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,604/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

AFS=active or former smoker

Of 186 in ICU for severe Covid-19, AFS=38.7%

81 fully vaccinated: AFS=37%
105 non-vaccinated: AFS=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,605/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 465 Bavarian State Opera staff members, S=13.3%

61 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=9.8% (10% reported)

6 smokers pos:
ballet 2
tech 2
orchestra 1
costume 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,606/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 133 hospitalized with moderate to severe Covid-19 who required supplemental oxygen, 9.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,607/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 84 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.2% was a smoker & 19% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,608/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 701,628 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=7.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,609/

France (adult female smoking rate was 22.9% in 2018)

S=active smoking during pregnancy

Of 244,645 pregnant women, S=4.8%

874 hospitalized for Covid-19: S=2.5%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847147/
4,610/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 2,338 hospitalized with ischemic stroke, 20.2% were smokers

33 with Covid-19: 9.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
4,611/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 254 with autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/li…
4,612/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 160* age 80+ hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=36.9%

68* died: FCS=44.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,613/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 2,215,386 with a positive Covid-19 test result, C=17% & X=21.5%

157,114 hospitalized*: C=13.5% & X=33.9%

50,725 died*: C=13.8% & X=42.9%

*any cause within 28 days

Continued
4,613a/

Notes:

all adults in England with a positive test result from 1 Oct 2020 to 30 Apr 2021, excluding people in care homes

"Current smokers had lower odds of admission compared to non-smokers but an increase in the odds of death after adjustment."

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,614/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

Of 1,493 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 8.2% were current or past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Almost completely a subset of individuals included in study in tweet 4,613 (England)

Age 65+ or clinically extremely vulnerable

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,615/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 438 diagnosed w/ COVID-19 infection who had a preexisting diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, 17.1% were current smokers & 26% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…
4,616/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 82 with inflammatory bowel disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 6.1% were active smokers

"...no association was found between smoking...and the risk of severe COVID-19."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,617/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 5,876 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,618/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 7,766 tested for antibodies, 5.2% were smokers & 52% were former smokers

311 positive: 2.6% were smokers & 44.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,619/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 38.7% in 2017)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 934 with Covid-19, S=17.9% % F=9.9%

642 mild: S=20% & F=8%
240 moderate: S=13% & F=12.1%
52 severe: S=15.4% & F=23.1%

ama.ba/index.php/ama/… Image
4,620/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 54 Covid-19 survivors, 2 were current smokers & 2 were ex-smokers (3.7% each)

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…
4,621/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 58 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 2 were ever smokers (3.4%)

14 positive: 1 was an ever smoker (7.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,622/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 69 diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.9% were current smokers & 18.8% were ex smokers (>1 year without smoking)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,623/

Of ~3,808* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 29.9%* had a history of smoking

*calculated based on a best guess of what the authors meant

Not stated where. Authors from Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,624/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 107-109 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=22%

39 mild: S=31%
34-35 moderate: S=15%
33-34 severe/critical: S=21%

90-92 uninfected: S=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,625/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 82 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=8.5%

20 mild: HS=5%
32 moderate: HS=6.3%
30 severe/critical: HS=13.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,626/

Nigeria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.2% in 2017)

Of 201 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.5% were daily or former smokers

All 201 survived

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,627/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51,707 with SARS CoV-2 infection, S=9%

Note: possibly some missing data. S should be no higher than 10.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,628/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.3% were current smokers

2 died: zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,629/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 418,216 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=2.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,630/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 691 residents & staff of long term care facilities & congregate settings with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=30.2% & F=10.1%

48 died: C=4.2% & F=16.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-108… Image
4,631/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 37 hospitalized with Covid-19, seven had a smoking history (18.9%)

8 died: 1 had a smoking history (12.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,632/

Puerto Rico, USA (adult current cigarette smoking was 9.6% in 2019)

Of 109 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were current smokers (1.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,633/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 922 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=11.9%

21 died: HS=33.3%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34857579/ Image
4,634/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,635/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 83 front line health workers diagnosed with Covid-19, C=10.8% & P=9.6%

62 responded to a survey: C=6.5% & P=8.1%

22 with Long Covid: C=0 & P=13.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,636/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 241 health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=2.1% & P=19.5%

967 health care workers tested negative (matched by week of test): C=5.1% & P=17.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,637/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 97 hospitalized for moderate to severe Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers & 28.9% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
4,638/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 634 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=12.9%

Of 118 hospitalized with non-Covid pneumonia, S=19.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Includes these people 👇

4,639/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had an electrocardiogram, S=15.7%

26 with abnormal ECG: S=30.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,640/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 516 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16.9%

152 with variants of concern/interest: CS=20.4%

32 with thrombosis: CS=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,641/

smoking (cigarettes or marijuana): C=current, E=ever

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

Of 162 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=4.3% & E=30.2%

Continued
4,641a/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 167 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=4.3% & E=30.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34871308/ Image
4,642/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 280 with thalassemia or sickle cell disease diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aj…
4,643/

Of 524 people living with HIV in Central & Eastern Europe diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 29.8% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hi…
4,644/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 423 with moderate Covid-19, 3.3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,645/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 50 hospitalized for Covid-19, 4% were smokers & 34% were ex-smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/8…
4,646/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

HS=history of cigarette smoking

Of 120 still alive nearly 1 year after being hospitalized with Covbid-19, HS=13.3%

104 non-severe: HS=13.5%
16 severe: HS=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,647/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 206 discharged alive from the hospital post-acute COVID-19, 1.5% were current smokers & 2.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,648/

Kenya (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.5% in 2017)

Of 19 (16 with HIV) with detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, zero were tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,649/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (former or active)

Of 77* in ICU for severe hypoxemic pneumonia related to SARS-Cov2 infection, S=31.2%*

16 w/ atrial fibrillation: S=25%

*calculated due to apparent missing data
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,650/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CT=current tobacco use (or quit in the previous 6 months)

Of 53 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, CT=7.5%

50 hospitalized with non-Covid-19 pneumonia, CT=28%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,651/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 193 with gynecologic malignancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=4.7% & F=20.7%

87 mild: C=3.4% & F=16.1%
67 moderate: C=3% & F=17.9%
39 severe: C=10.3% & F=35.9%

Continued
4,651a/

106 hospitalized (all moderate & severe): C=5.7% & F=24.5%

34 died in hospital: C=11.8% & F=32.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,652/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

CS=current smoking

Of 26* with Covid-19 pneumonia, CS=11.5%

17 moderate: CS=5.9%
9 severe: CS=22.2%

*text repeatedly says 25; tables consistently say 26

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,653/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 330 with neurological manifestations associated with Covid-19, 51.5% were smokers (not clear if current or ever; only appearance of "current" is below)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,654/

Turkey (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42% in 2017)

Of 75 males age 30 to 45 still alive 3 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, "46.8% were current smokers, and 10.7% were former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,655/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 63 still alive 3 months after diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were active cigarette smokers & 28.6% were past cigarette smokers

25 hospitalized: 32% were past cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,656/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 115 hospitalized with Covid-19, 43.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,657/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 149 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4% were current smokers & 30.2% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,658/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=current/ex smokers

Of 460 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=30.7%

230 positive: S=30.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,659/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 983 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,660/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 659 with Covid-19, HS=56.3%

160 died: HS=53.8%

203 uninfected controls (2019): HS=67.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,661/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 125 infected with chronic hepatitis C virus and COVID-19, 8% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,662/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 21 who recovered from Covid-19, S=28.6%

14 hospitalized: S=28.6%

2 ICU: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,663/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 15 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.7% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,664/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 59 in ICU with Covid-19, 23.7% were current or former smokers (23.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,665/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 248 health care workers who survived Covid-19 infection, 29% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,666/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 17,012 solid organ transplant recipients, T=5.9%

1,682 diagnosed with Covid-19, T=3.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,667/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 124 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 15.3% had a history of smoking

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34873938/ Image
4,668/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 123 critically ill Covid-19 patients in ICU with respiratory failure, 5.7% were current smokers & 39.8% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
4,669/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 79 with a history of COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction, 11.4% were current smokers

Of 225 with a history of COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction, 35.1% had any smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Dec 7

Of 6,821 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 4% were current smokers (CS)

Of 1,008 hospitalized, CS=4.4%



Continued
Update continued

Of 191 admitted to ICU, CS=3.1%

Of 147 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.4%

Of 106 who died, CS=4.7%

covidibd.org/current-data/

4,670/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 54 with rheumatic disease and COVID-19, "13 patients (24.1%) had ever smoked"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,671/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 11,386 people living with HIV, C=30.4% & F=29.1%

457 with Covid-19: C=17.1% & F=28.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,672/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 250 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.2%

76 IoC (see below): S=32.9%

62 died in hospital: S=27.4%

59 died in 30 days: S=23.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,673/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 137 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20 (14.6%)

114 improved: S=15 (13.2%)
18 complicated (survived): S=4 (22.2%)
5 died: S=1 (20%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,674/

Germany & Austria (current smoking age 15+ was 28.4% & 29.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 60 in ICU with Covid-19 pneumonia, CS=16.7%

Of 60 matched controls in ICU with non-Covid-19 pneumonia (2014-2020), CS=26.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,675/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=active smoking

Of 104 with Covid-19 close to the time of cardiovascular surgery, S=44.8%

45 >10 days before surgery: S=44.2%
37 within 10 days: S=47.1%
22 >10 days after: S=54.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,676/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 27 hospitalized for Covid-19, 3.7% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,677/

France, Belgium & Switzerland (smoking rates: 32%, 19.4% & 25.4%)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,465 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=4.6%

311 died within 90 days: AS=5.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,678/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (current or quit within 6 weeks of surgery)

Of 127,631 who had surgery, S=16%

4,409 ever diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=13.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction (my error)

Sweden

Of 71,207 who gave birth, S=3.7%
1,353 SARS-CoV-2-positive: S=1.8%

Of another 14,329 who gave birth (universal testing), S=3.4%
778 positive: S=3.6%

Updated & peer reviewed

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 579 Covid-19 patients in ICU who received invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy, S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,679/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

CS=current smoker

Of 275 with asthma and Covid-19, CS=2.9%

101 asymptomatic: CS=4%
160 mild-moderate: CS=1.3%
14 severe-critical: CS=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Italy

same people

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…

4,680/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 144 recovering from mild Covid-19, 14.6% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-112…
4,681/

Kosovo (current adult cigarette smoking was 36.4% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 418 municipal workers tested for antibodies, S=32.5%

88 positive: S=19.3%

OR
crude: 0.42 (0.24–0.75)
adjusted: 0.52 (0.28–0.97)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,682/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=present, P=past

Of 64 hospitalized with Covid-19-related pneumonia (mean age 86.4), C=4.7% & P=23.4%

21 died in hospital: C=4.8% & P=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,683/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 1,954 hospitalized because of COVID-19, 3.8% were smokers & an additional 5.9% had smoked in the past

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,684/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 143 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: may or may not be the same patients

4,685/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

469 hospitalized

220 with H1N1 only: SH=17.3%

213 with SARS-CoV-2 only: SH=10.8%

36 with both: SH=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,686/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 153 with Covid-19, 30.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,687/

Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 80 with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 31.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,688/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 1,199 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.2% were current smokers

50 treated with ECMO: 10% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,689/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 63 with NMOSD or MOGAD diagnosed with Covid-19, C=17.5% & F=12.7%

14 hospitalized: C=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,690/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 65 inpatients with refractory COVID-19, 7.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,691/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: A=active, W="weaned"

Of 138 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=4 (2.9%) & W=25 (18.1%)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
4,692/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 15 who died with ARDS associated with Covid-19, 6.7% was an active smoker

Of 13 who died with ARDS unassociated with Covid-19 (2008-2020), 15.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 52* patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, 51.9% had a history of smoking (HS)

10 mild/moderate: HS=30%
31* severe: HS=54.8%
11 critical: HS=63.6%

*calculated

4,693/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=currently, F=former

Of 15,135 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=21% & F=24.8%

Note: smoking was focus of study; much more data on outcomes. Worth reading.

academic.oup.com/ije/advance-ar… Image
4,694/

Of 149 diagnosed with Covid-19 who responded to a survey, 18.1% were current smokers & 6.1% were ex-smokers

Authors from Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017), but not clear if all participants were

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34893431/
4,695/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 29 previously healthy individuals age 18-40 with unusual thrombotic events associated with Covid-19, CS=20.7%

116 matched controls with Covid-19 (no UTE), CS=26.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
4,696/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 491 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 2% were current smokers & 55% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,697/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 941 hospitalized with COVID-19 who required noninvasive oxygen supplementation, 4.6% were smokers & 24.1% had quit

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
4,698/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

SH=active or ex-smokers

Of 14,260 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=30.5%

1,251 ICU: SH=36%

2,609 died in hospital: SH=37.5%

Other outcomes reported too

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34895891/
4,699/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16 were current smokers (16.3%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,700/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 305,572 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, C=19.2% & X=17.4%

290,127 matched controls without recorded Covid-19: C=23.7% & X=14.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,701/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 94 with critical Covid-19, 2 were smokers (2.1%)

63 died: 2 were smokers (3.2%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,702/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 11 with Covid-19 & 15 uninfected controls, " All individuals (control and experimental groups) were non-smokers, except for one person in the experimental group." (9.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,703/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 1,119 with suspected mild Covid-19, 2.4% were smokers

552 tested positive: 1.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,704/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of ~113* kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, ~32.7%* were current or former smokers

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,705/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 88 with Covid-19 pneumonia, 7.9% were active smokers

19 hospitalized: zero were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,706/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 2,129 hospitalized with Covid-19 (medical assessment unit or ward) & discharged alive, 1.6% were current smokers & 43.8% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,707/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

HS=history of cigarette smoking

Of 1,445* hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=38.1% (38% reported)

135* with any disease deterioration: HS=52.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,708/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 390 who reported Covid-19 symptoms but opted not to be tested, 10.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-115…
4,709/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoking (as of 2019)

Of 1,819 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Δ variant), S=17.2%

9,370 random controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2: S=18.3%

bmj.com/content/375/bm…
4,710/

Tunisia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2017)

Of 798 who recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.1% were smokers

618 with persistent symptoms 4 weeks after infection onset: S=6.6%

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,711/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 118 still alive 120 days after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,712/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,154 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, SH=61%

288 died: SH=61.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,713/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,851 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,714/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 174 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,715/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 500 age 18 to 60 who recovered from acute Covid-19, 59.8% were smokers

160 with moderate & severe insomnia: 55% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,716/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 495 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.6% were smokers

310 ICU: 21% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,717/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S="History or current smoking"

Of 80 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2:

19 positive: S=50%
61 negative: S=52.5%

Note: 50% of 19 suggests possible missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,718/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 418 with Covid-19, 6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,719/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 178 Covid-19 survivors, 5.6% were smokers & 82% were ex-smokers (81.11% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,720/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 104 in ICU with Covid-19 pneumonia, 23.1% were smokers

40 with cardiac injury: 20% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,721/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 48 who died from Covid-19, 18.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,722/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 32 males age 18 to 65 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.8% were current smokers (9% reported) & 9.4% were former smokers (9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,723/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 68 in ICU with Covid-19, 11.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hd…
4,724/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 53 in ICU with Covid-19, 7.5% were current smokers

16 died: 6.3% was a current smoker

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
4,725/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

ND=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 855,458 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ND=7.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ap…
4,726/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 10 with Covid-19, C=20% & P=20%

5 mild: C=40% & P=0
5 moderate: C=0 & P=40%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
Spain

same patients, same controls

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

4,727/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 431 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (apparently all survivors), 13.7% were smokers (apparently current)

"being a non-smoker was significantly associated with stronger immune responses"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,728/

Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 210,899 individuals, C=11.6% & F=14.2%

9,710 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=12.3% & F=25.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,729/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 842 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized for Covid-19, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,730/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 146 hospitalized "with a clinical picture strongly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia", 33.6% had any smoking history

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
4,731/

Ohio & maybe Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 13 fully vaccinated individuals with multiple sclerosis diagnosed with breakthrough Covid-19, zero were current smokers & two were former smokers (15.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,732/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 10,672 health care workers, CS=5%

2,471 positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antibody): CS=3.7%

OR
unadjusted: 0.68 (0.54 – 0.85)
adjusted: 0.56 (0.44 – 0.72) or 0.63 (0.51 – 0.79)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,733/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 93 with severe Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e0…
4,734/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 795,878 age 18+ diagnosed with Covid-19, 7.7% were smokers

Notes:
probably current
as of Feb 28

jech.bmj.com/content/76/1/16
4,735/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 56.7% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,736/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 24,611 veterans with an ACEI or ARB prescription within 6 months before diagnosis with Covid-19, 12.3% were current smokers & 45.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,737/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 40 age 50+ hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were smoking regularly & 45% had quit more than 6 months earlier

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,738/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 995 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=4.2% & F=16.3%

489 hospitalized: C=1.4% & F=15.5%

69 died: C=zero & F=17.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,739/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 34,936 with hypertension, S=12.8%

205 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=5.9%

OR:
unadjusted 0.42 (0.24‐0.76)
adjusted 0.81 (0.44‐1.50)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,740/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 85 admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 pneumonia and then downgraded to a hospital floor, S=20%

16 readmitted to ICU or died: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,741/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 799 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers & 10.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,742/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 80 who died of Covid-19, 11.3% were smokers & 15% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,743/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 28 hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring respiratory support with helmet CPAP or HFNC, 3.6% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,744/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 4,407 in ICU with Covid-19, 29.5% were current or former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34918709/
4,745/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 300 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
4,746/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 121 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nh…
4,747/

(mostly) Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 2,644 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (B.1.2, A or Δ), S=12%

377 B.1.2: S=9%
1,482 A: S=14.3%
785 Δ: S=9.2%

Note: vax status data too

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
4,748/

California, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 7.8% in 2019)

S=current/former smoker

Of 132 females w/ a history of invasive breast cancer who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=28% (28.1% reported)

37 hospitalized: S=35% (37.8% reported)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,749/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 236 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.5% were current smokers

68 required supplemental oxygen: 2.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,750/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 22 hospitalized with Covid-19 (mean age 81), two were current smokers (9.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,751/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17% in 2019)

Of 3,558 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.1% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,752/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 28,265 tested for antibodies, 17.8% were smokers

Adjusted OR (smoker) for positivity (among 2,684 unvaccinated): 0.39 (0.27-0.56)

Vaccinated smokers had lower levels of antibodies

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,753/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 292 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.2% were current smokers & 21.9% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,754/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 41 hospitalized with breathlessness requiring oxygen and evidence of pneumonitis on x-ray associated with Covid-19, (apparently) zero were current smokers & 43.9% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,755/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 914* hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 41.9% had a history of cigarette smoking

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,756/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 85 with long Covid, 42.4% were previous or current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,757/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

current smoking:
D=daily
W=once or twice a week
O=occasionally

Of 5,740 tested for antibodies (~23% vaccinated):
D=19.6%
W=4.3%
O=3.5%

4,320 positive:
D=17.3%
W=4.2%
O=3.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
4,758/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 1,181 with Covid-19 (95.4% non-hospitalized), 4.5% were past or present tobacco users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,759/

Mayotte, France (France current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 156 in ICU with Covid-19, 3.8% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-119…
4,760/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 228 post-acute Covid-19 patients, 1.3% were current smokers & 48.7% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-119…
4,761/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=11.7%

70 mild: S=10%
50 ICU (20 moderate, 30 severe): S=14%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-116…
4,762/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 40 with moderate or severe Covid-19, 22.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-116…
4,763/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoking ("Most recent in 365 days prior to test date")

Of 365,346 age 50+, S=26.6%

62,075 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21.5%

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
4,764/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 43 cases of Covid-19 in 41 living-donor liver transplant recipients, S=4.7%

13 mild: S=0
20 moderate: S=10%
10 severe & critical: S=0

academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-…
4,765/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

T=ever used tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, hookah)

Of 179 who recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=30.2%

10 asymptomatic: T=50%
169 symptomatic: T=29%
44 hospitalized: T=29.5%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
4,766/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=41.1%

20 died within one year (most in first 3 months): S=45%

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
4,767/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CS=currently smoke tobacco products

Of 359 essential and frontline workers, CS=17.8%

220 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=16.8%

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
4,768/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 530 (~42.5% living with HIV) tested for antibodies, S=19.8%

60 positive: S=10%

OR: 0.42 (0.18-0.99)

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
4,769/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

smoking: C=current (last cigarette <1 year ago), F=former (>1 year)

Of 1,258 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=6.7% & F=30%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,770/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 438,039 with Covid-19, C=17.9% & X=49.3%

17,903 hospitalized (h): C=22.6% & X=64%
420,136 not h: C=17.7% & X=48.6%

21,562 w/ influenza (not h): C=23% & X=53.1%

bmj.com/content/375/bm…
4,771/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 3,099 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, CFS=29.6%

637 with acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy: CFS=28.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,772/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=17.6%

51 uninfected controls: S=15.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,773/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 55,583 individuals (18,598 with fibromyalgia & 36,985 matched controls), ES=32.4%

1,579 diagnosed with Covid-19 (571 with FM & 1,008 controls): ES=23.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,774/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 237 with Covid-19, 41.4% were heavy smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,775/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 566 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.3% were active smokers & 14.5% were ex-smokers

177 died: 21.5% were active smokers & 16.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,776/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 485 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16.7%

244 mild to moderate: CS=16.8%
241 severe: CS=16.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,777/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 53 with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 days of undergoing surgery, 22.6% were current smokers & 17% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,778/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 394 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers & 0.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,779/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2019)

Frequency of smoking or use of other tobacco products in past 2 weeks:
R=rarely
O=once a day
M=more than once a day

Of 285 tested for antibodies:
R=2.8%
O=2.8%
M=5.6%

73 positive:
R=2.7%
O=4.1%
M=1.4%

Continued
4,779a/

Frequency of using vaping products in past 2 weeks:
R=rarely
O=once a day
M=more than once a day

Of 287 tested for antibodies:
R=2.1%
O=0
M=1%

70 positive:
R=0
M=1.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,780/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,787 with a current or prior history of cancer who developed COVID-19, 44.3% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,781/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 183 with hematological malignancies diagnosed with Covid-19, 18% were smokers

58 hospitalized: 31% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,782/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 38 hematologic patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 disease, 26.3% were former smokers

current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,783/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 21 (19 female) with a history of Covid-19 who reported parosmia, 19% were smokers or passive smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,784/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,228 tested for antibodies, S=3.1%

391 positive: S=3.6%

Note: A second sample tested 6 months later. 932 (77.3%) positive: zero smokers tested

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,785/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 94 in ICU with Covid-19, A=8.5% & X=19.1%

36 died: A=11.1% & X=19.4%

Note: error in Table 1; see supplement

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,786/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

T=tobacco consumption

Of 85,529 health care workers tested for antibodies, T=19.7%

6,139 positive: T=17.8%

IR: 0.87 (0.81-0.93)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,787/

Philippines (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.7% in 2017)

Of 10,881 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,788/

France (current smoking age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
Switzerland (current smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)
Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 3,171 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.3% were tobacco consumers (apparently current smokers)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,789/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 1,019 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.1% were smokers (apparently current)

221 died. HR death (current smoking): 2.044 (1.739–3.110)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,790/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 123 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,791/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,813* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.4%

634* ICU: S=13.2%

2,500* over age 45: S=13.6%
313* age 18 to 45: S=11.5%

*calculated

Continued
4,791a/

Of the 313 age 18 to 45

54 admitted to ICU and/or died in hospital: S=7.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,792/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

ES=ever smoked

Of 86 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 w/ myocardial injury (MI) & discharged alive, ES=29.6%

Of 86 matched controls hospitalized w/ Covid-19 w/o MI & discharged alive, ES=29.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,793/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=2.8%

65 matched uninfected controls: S=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,794/

Cyprus (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,102 who reported past SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=14.3%

786 without known infection: S=20.2%

"smoking...associated with significantly lower antibody levels"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,795/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 15,103 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,796/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 50 hospitalized with non-critical Covid-19, 24% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,797/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 246 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), seven were active smokers (2.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,798/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 313 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7% were smokers & 36% were ex-smokers

81 ICU: 9.9% were smokers (presumably current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,799/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 26 with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=11.5%

11 uninfected hospitalized w/ cardiopulmonary edema: S=63.6% (54% reported)

20 healthy volunteers: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,800/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 183 post-COVID-19 patients referred to pulmonary rehabilitation, 72.1% were non-smokers (71.7% reported)

Note: not clear if non or never

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,801/

Michigan, USA (adult male smoking rate was 19.7% in 2019)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 56 males age 50+ hosp'd for Covid-19, C=16.1% & F=41.1%

30 ICU: C=16.7 or 13.3% & F=40 or 36.7% (error)
8 died: C=0 & F=50%

31 w/o Covid: C=48.4% & F=25.8%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,802/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 28 with mild Covid-19, 50% were ever smokers

30 matched healthy controls: 50% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,803/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 918 hospital nurses tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=26.6%

162 positive (143 swab & 19 antibody): CS=33.3%

ORs
univariate: 1.489 (1.033–2.147)
multivariate: 1.603 (1.080–2.378)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,804/

New York State (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 240 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=24.2%

22 with rhabdomyolysis: HS=31.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,805/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 78 in critical care with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,806/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

SH=smoking history

Of 90 previously hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=27.8%

90 uninfected with chest pain (without obstructive coronary disease): SH=30%

27 healthy volunteers: SH=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,807/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 974 in ICU with Covid-19, S=26.6%

632 died: S=27.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,808/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 210* hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.3% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,809/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 28 in ICU with Covid-19, three were current smokers (10.7%)

"Smoking status was not documented in 99 patients. Hence, its impact as a covariate could not be evaluated"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,810/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 91 with acute Covid-19 (73) or after recovery (18) who had CT pulmonary angiography, S=12.1%

11 with pulmonary embolism: S=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,811/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 279 age 65+ or with specific risk factors with mild to moderate Covid-19, S=10%

15 hospitalized: S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,812/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 617* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 16.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,813/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=17.5%

8 mild: S=12.5%
15 moderate: S=13.3%
17 severe/critical: S=23.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,814/

Ethiopia (adult tobacco smoking rate was 3.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 1.7% in 2016)

HS=history of smoking

Of 531 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=36%

100 died: HS=63

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,815/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 70 age 75+ with cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, "51% had a history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,816/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 16 recovering from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, zero were current smokers & 37.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,817/

India (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 646 with mild to moderate Covid-19, HS=17.5%

465 with olfactory dysfunction: HS=18.1%

406 with gustatory dysfunction: HS=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,818/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 79 with Covid-19 who had a chest CT, S=27.8%

81 hospitalized patients had a chest CT in 2017: S=56.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,819/

S="smoking habits" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 190 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=22.1%

95 with elevated troponin: S=23.2%

Not stated where. Author from Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,820/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 120 males who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,821/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 2,126 migrants with Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Nationality:
Central America 31.8%
South America 32.4%
Caribbean Region 6.9%
Other countries 28.9% Image
4,822/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 1,233 who had oxygen therapy in hospital with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers & 35.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,823/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 787 with asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers & 14.2% were former smokers

Note: an unspecified number with unknown status counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,824/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 235 with suspected Covid-19, S=6.4%

90 diagnosed with Covid-19: S=5.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,825/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 90 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, 3.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,826/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,634 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,827/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 78 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=7.7%

48 non-severe: CS=8.3%
30 severe: CS=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,828/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 177 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.5% were current or former smokers (20.6% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,829/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 78 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=7.7%

26* ICU and/or died: CS=zero

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,830/

Italy & Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% & 36.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 79 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=9 (11.4%)

72 Italy: S=8 (11.1%)
7 Croatia: S=1 (14.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,831/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 30 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=1 (3.3%)

10 in ICU with bacterial sepsis (without SARS-CoV-2): CS=1 (10%)

10 healthy controls: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,832/

Louisiana & maybe Mississippi, USA (adult current smoking rates were both 20.5% in 2019)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 8,889 tested for Covid-19 while pregnant, CFS=24.3%

345 positive: CFS=13.6% (15% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,833/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 48 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 who underwent tracheostomy, 22.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,834/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=19.6%

27 required CPAP: S=40.7%

Note: error in Table 1 (numbers may be different)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,835/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 75 hospitalized because of severe Covid-19 who received CPAP ventilator support, 16% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,836/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 20.5% & 14.5% in 2019)

Of 350 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.3% were current or prior tobacco users (CPT)

62 death, ICU transfer, or increased oxygen requirement: CPT=37.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,837/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 910 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.6% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,838/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 64,894* veterans diagnosed with diabetes & Covid-19, 24.7% were current tobacco users & 48.5% were former tobacco users

*total reported number was 64,892; smoking status for 64,894

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,839/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,529 with SARS-CoV-2 infection sent home from hospital emergency departments, S=8.2%

571 returned to ED & were admitted to hospital: S=5.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/em…
4,840/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 63 outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/od…
4,841/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 183 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.8% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
4,842/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 102 invasively ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 11.8% were active cigarette smokers (11.7% reported)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,843/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 577,938 with first-time SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=2.4%

563,844 Δ period: S=2.4%
14,054 emergent Ο period: S=1.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,844/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 404 with a history of Covid-19 who were reinfected, 26.7% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,845/

Lesotho (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, E=ever (apparently includes C)

Of 1,432 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=6.5% & E=7.7%

101 positive: C=8.9% & E=9.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,846/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 142 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-116…
4,847/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 48 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, S=16.7%

32 died: S=15.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-118…
4,848/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 107 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were current smokers & 50.5% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
4,849/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=current or recent smoker

Of 345 health care personnel who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (PCR or antigen), S=4.9%

Of 622 matched controls (HCP who tested negative): S=6.3%

CO, MN, NM, NY, OR

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,850/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 5,116 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CFS=16.4%

1,038 positive: CFS=12%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,851/

Serbia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 40.9% in 2017)

smoker: E=ever (apparently current), F=former

Of 207 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, E=15.5% (16% reported) & F=35.3%

252 matched uninfected controls: E=59.9% & F=15.5% (14% reported)

OR: 0.29
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,852/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=(probably current) smoking (R=regular, O=occasional)

Of 300 who recovered from Covid-19, S=29.7% (R=16.3% & O=13.3%)

59 hospitalized: S=30.5% (R=23.7% & O=6.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,853/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former (reported)

Of 550* hosp'd w/ Covid-19, C=2.4% (4%) & F=30% (35%)

23* w/ venous thromboembolism: C=0 & F=34.8% (38%)

*numbers could be lower (missing data?)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,854/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoke, V=vape (apparently current)

Of 870 with hereditary angioedema, S=9.3% & V=2.8%

100 reported Covid-19 (symptoms) S=16 & V=2

Continued
4,854a/

Of 292 of their household members without hereditary angioedema, S=4.8% & V=1.4%

21 reported Covid-19 (symptoms) S=4.8% & V=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: use of multiple products appears probable Image
4,855/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 18 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 66.7% were current or former smokers

12 with post-intensive care syndrome: 58.3% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,856/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 153 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 24.8% were smokers

91 died: 24.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,857/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 228 acute coronary syndrome patients hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=29.4%

16 ICU: AS=43.8%

16 died: AS=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,858/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 379 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.8% were current smokers & 26.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,859/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 96 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 61.5% were smokers (apparently ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,860/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 13,960 hospitalized for Covid-19, 32% had a smoking history

Of 25,631 hospitalized for influenza (2017-2020), 14.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,861/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 228 in ICU with Covid-19, 30.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,862/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 285 hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 8.8% (n = 25) were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,863/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.5% were smokers or ex-smokers

56 with COPD: 12.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,864/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 201 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=8.5%

182 symptomatic: AS=7.7%

143 hospitalized: AS=9.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,865/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19, five were active smokers (12.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,866/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 669 with Covid-19, 1.3% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,867/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

All hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection:

Of 388 with new neurological diagnoses, C=4.4% & F=29.1%

188 matched controls without new NDs: C=5.9% & F=23.9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
4,868/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 1,500 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,869/

Europe

AS=active smoking

Of 566 who required invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU with Covid-19, AS=5.1%

8 with aspergillosis colonization: AS=zero

14 with putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: AS=zero

Continued
4,869a/

Of 475 who required invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU with influenza, AS=31.4%

20 with aspergillosis colonization: AS=40%

28 with putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: AS=37.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,870/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 27 (24 male) hospitalized with Covid-19 with signs of the onset of cytokine release syndrome, 3.7% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,871/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of ~8,135 veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, ~12.4% were smokers & ~50.7% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,872/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 1,528 hospitalized with sever or critical Covid-19, 15.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,873/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 4,120 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.7% were current smokers & 15.6% were ex-smokers

274 with venous thromboembolism: 2.9% were current smokers & 19.3% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-118…
4,874/

Germany (current smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 439 age 45-74 with SARS-CoV-2 history, C=7.5% & F=37.1%

268 mild: C=7.8% & F=33.6%
166 moderate: C=7.2% & F=42.2%

1,331 uninfected controls: C=21.2% & F=42.1%

academic.oup.com/eurheartj/adva…
4,875/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 287* infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a single air force base, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,876/

Minnesota & Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.1% & 16.1% in 2019)

current:
S=smoking
V=vaping
B=both

Of 13,059 age 18+ with SARS-CoV-2 infection:
S=5.8%
V=1.9%
B=0.4%

"vapers who contract COVID-19 experience higher frequency...

Continued
4,876a/

"...of covid-19 related symptoms when compared with age and gender matched non-vapers. COVID-19 positive patients who were both smokers and vapers complained of dyspnea and had more frequent ER visits than non-users."

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21…

Only 1 vaper hospitalized👇 Image
4,877/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 127 with a history of Covid-19, 14.2% were current smokers & 26% were former smokers

66 with long Covid: 9.1% were current smokers & 30.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-121…
4,878/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 413 with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory failure in ICU, 12.8% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-122…
4,879/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 587 in ICU with Covid-19, 7% were smokers (Table 1 says current; text says "history of smoking" & "current or former")

bmj.com/content/376/bm…
4,880/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 5,216 veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, 16% were current smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

1,655 with acute kidney injury, 14.2% were current smokers & 33% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,881/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

ES=ever smoking

Of 232 with Covid-19, ES=42.2%

136 mild: ES=41.9%
26 moderate: ES=42.3%
61 severe: ES=41%

88 hospitalized: ES=40.9%

155 uninfected controls: ES=40.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,882/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 196 with rheumatic diseases who developed Covid-19, 6.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,883/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 51 with stroke & Covid-19, S=23.5%
22 died within 3 months: S=13.6%

357 with stroke without Covid-19: S=16%
45 died within 3 months: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,884/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 15,168 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.6% were current smokers

1,602 died: 14.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,885/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 153 with inflammatory bowel disease who were diagnosed with Covid-19, A=22.9% & F=27.5%

34 hospitalized and/or died: A=20.6% & F=38.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,886/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 61,055 diagnosed with Covid-19, 3.9% were smokers & 16.6% had quit

6,084 hospitalized within 30 days: 2.6% were smokers & 27.9% had quit

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34993879/
4,887/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,434,562 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.3%

476,512 hospitalized and/or died (228,838): S=7.4% (7.5% reported)

as of 2021 June 7

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34993853/
4,888/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoking (in the previous 2 years)

Of 68,887 with at least one dose of the Moderna vaccine tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=19.4%

11,680 positive: S=17.9%

results by variant & # of doses

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,889/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 32 with a history of Covid-19, S=40.6%

16 with non-Covid-19 myocarditis: S=31.3%

16 healthy controls: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,890/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 100 who recovered from asymptomatic (3) or symptomatic (97) SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=9 & F=32

Of 50 matched healthy (uninfected) controls: A=20% & F=16%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,891/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 558 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,892/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 626 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.6% were current smokers & 31.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,893/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 110 alive 6 months after hospitalization with (non-critical) Covid-19, C=7.3% & E=5.5%

11 mild: C=9.1% & E=0
83 moderate: C=6% & E=6%
16 severe: C=12.5% & E=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,894/

Turkey

ETS=exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Of 167 non-smokers under age 18 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ETS=50.9%

34 asymptomatic: ETS=44.1%
113 mild: ETS=52.2%
20 moderate-to-severe: ETS=55%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,895/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 155 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (129 hospitalized), five (3.2%) were smokers & seven (4.5%) were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,896/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 490 with Covid-19, 6.7% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,897/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (1 month prior to test)

Of 2,170 tested for antibodies, S=16.4%

208 positive: S=10.6%

PR: 0.60 (0.39; 0.92)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-119…
4,898/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 221 Covid-19 survivors infected >14 days after full vaccination, ES=8.1%

221 matched C-19 survivors infected within 14 days of full vaccination or unvaxxed: ES=12.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,899/

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala,
Mexico, Panama, Peru, and the Dominican Republic

Of 1,435 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.4% were active tobacco users & 14.1% were former tobacco users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,900/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 51,929 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=4.3% & F=14%

12,635 Δ: C=4.4% & F=14.7%
39,294 Ο: C=4.2% & F=13.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,901/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 8,214 who received at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, S=9.6%

270 infected: S=9.6%

197 partially: S=9.1%
73 fully: S=11%

2,941 unvaccinated infected: S=10.7%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,902/

Of 261 with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 28% were former smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

Not stated where; authors from USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-123…
4,903/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 128* hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonitis & discharged alive, 2.4% were current smokers & 44.3% were former smokers

*number could be lower (%ages don't work out to whole numbers)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,904/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 26,508 SARS-CoV-2-positive veterans, C=11.2% & F=39.4%

1,612 died within 30 days: C=6.8% & F=53.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,905/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 15,859 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,906/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoker: C=current (D=daily, O=occasional) & X=ex

Of 12,109 tested for antibodies, C=20.4% (D=16.5%, O=3.9%) & X=32.1%

785 positive: C=13% (D=8.8%, O=4.2%) & X=32.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,907/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 183 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required invasive orotracheal intubation, 6% were current smokers & 39.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,908/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 335 in ICU with Covid-19-related acute respiratory failure, 30.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,909/

Malaysia

Of the same 5,889, 13.4% were ever smokers

Worth reading if you're interested in the authors' arguments against their own results.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Image
4,910/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 3,303 age 65+ who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 at the time they had hip fracture surgery, 28.2% were current or former smokers

185 positive: 28.6% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,911/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 37 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 & treated with noninvasive ventilation or HFNC, 2.7% was a smoker & 16.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,912/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)
MC=matched controls

Of 40 with sinus tachycardia 3 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=1 (2.5%)

19 fully recovered MC: S=1 (5.3%)
17 uninfected MC: S=0
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,913/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 2,184 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.8% were previous or current cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,914/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 150 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 30.7% were current smokers

100 died: 28 were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,915/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 61 age 18 to 65 who survived a hospitalization for COVID-19 infection, "1 patient (1.2%) was an active smoker and 17 (27.9%) former smokers"

Note: 1/61 is 1.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,916/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 1,162 age 50+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers (CS) & 28.4% were previous smokers (PS)

198 placed under palliative care: CS=5.1% & PS=27.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,917/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 120 with COVID-19 pneumonia, T=5%

87 required non-invasive respiratory strategies (e.g. HFNC, noninvasive ventilation): T=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,918/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=current/past cigarette smoking

Of 101 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=25.7%

101 matched uninfected controls: S=38.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
4,919/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 43 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in ICU and/or who died: S=2 (4.7%)

13 ICU (survived): S=1 (7.7%)
30 died: S=1 (3.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-963…
4,920/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

RS=regular smoker

Of 469 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, RS=8.1%

375 nonsevere: RS=8.3%
94 severe: RS=7.4%

300 uninfected controls: RS=33.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-123…
4,921/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 27,733 survey respondents age 45 to 85, C=6.5% & F=61.9%

2,711 with suspected, probable or confirmed Covid-19: C=7.1% & F=65.4%

156 probable or confirmed: C=3.8% & F=72.4%

Continued
4,921a/

Notes:

Error in eTable 4. The numbers might be incorrect; this is my best guess of what was intended. It's possible that the F numbers are really the never smoking numbers. If so, there's an error in Table 1 too.

all data self-reported

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,922/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 26 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 who survived, 7.7% were smokers & 34.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,923/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 231 hospitalized due to Covid-19 pneumonia with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), 9.5% were current smokers

99 with PTE: 12.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,924/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 231 with (mostly*) mild Covid-19, 5.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*8 hospitalized, 3 ICU, 0 deaths

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,925/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 742 health care workers (83.6% physicians) who responded to a survey, C=14.2% & X=18.5%

299 contracted Covid-19: C=8.7% & X=19.7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35018978/ Image
4,926/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 358 in ICU with Covid-19, S=28.5%

149 died: S=33.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35018969/
4,927/

Sri Lanka (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14% in 2017)

Of 226 with Covid-19, 5.3% were smokers

38 died: 5.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-121…
4,928/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

T=tobacco use (probably ever)

Of 1,270,099 with Covid-19, T=29.5%

632,728 hospitalized: T=36.1%

Data for people experiencing incarceration & people experiencing homelessness reported

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
4,929/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 200 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 18.5% were smokers

100 positive: 17 were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,930/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 63,476 adult outpatients visiting family medicine and internal medicine clinics, C=8.7% & F=29.2%

1,887 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=5.4% & F=26.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,931/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 62,319 individuals, S=6.2%

16,626 tested for SARS-CoV-2: S=5.5%

487 positive: S=4.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,932/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

Of 285 postmenopausal women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.3% were smokers

52 hospitalized: 7.7% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-115…
4,933/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 105 with Covid-19 ARDS (Wuhan 2020), 7.6% were smokers

Of 135 with ARDS caused by bacterial pneumonia (Beijing 2015-2021), 56.3% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-125…
4,934/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, P=prior

Of 1,496 dialysis patients with Covid-19, C=10.6% & P=30.7%

1,046 hospitalized: C=11.1% & P=30.6%

157 ICU: C=10.2% & P=31.8%

mostly Europe

academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar…
4,935/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12.7% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 18,335 tested for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, HS=10.8%

882 positive: HS=9%

Alaska, California, Montana, Oregon, and Washington

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
4,936/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.9%

18 mild: S=16.7%
21 moderate: S=0
17 severe: S=11.8%

19 uninfected healthy controls: S=15.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,937/

Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium & Italy

HS=history of smoking

Of 35 liver transplant recipients (LTR) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=17.1%

Matched controls:

35 immunocompetent with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=2.9%

70 uninfected LTR: HS=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,938/

Korea (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.6% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 66 hospitalized with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=9.1%

33 later developed symptoms: S=3%

OR: 0.574 (0.077 - 4.257)p=0.587

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,939/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 250 with hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.4%

46 died: S=10.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,940/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 469 hospitalized for Covid-19, 9.2% were ever smokers

Note: Brooklyn

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,941/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 92 still alive 6 months after hospitalization with severe Covid-19, 7.6% were current smokers

50 with cognitive impairment: 8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,942/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 375 in ICU due to Covid-19 who required renal replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury, S=18.1%

272 died: S=18%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,943/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,690 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=3.4% & F=34%

3,690 matched* uninfected controls: C=3.4% & F=32.9%

*not clear whether smoking was a criterion

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,944/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)
Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)
Germany (current smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 551 in ICU with COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure, 20.3% were ever smokers

nature.com/articles/s4159… Image
4,945/

Japan (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ = 10.7% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 3,481 females age 15-44 hosp'd w/ Covid-19, C=18.5% & P=8.7%

203 pregnant: C=6.4% & P=15.3%

179 mild: C=6.7% & P=14%
24 moderate-severe: C=4.2% & P=25%
academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
4,946/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 6,009 with Covid-19, 12.5% were active smokers & 12.9% were ex-smokers

medicinabuenosaires.com/revistas/vol82…
4,947/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 126 with Covid-19, S=5.6%

33 non-complicated: S=9.1%
39 mild pneumonia: S=5.1%
54 severe pneumonia: S=3.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
4,948/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 677 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=18%

341 wild-type (Wuhan): SH=27%
336 Δ (Yangzhou): SH=8.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,949/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 56 hospitalized with Covid-19 who recovered, 7.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,950/

Indonesia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31% in 2017)

Of 613 university administrative employees, 24.6% were current smokers (CS)

138 tested + for SARS-CoV-2

OR (CS):
unadjusted: 0.51 (0.31-0.84) p=0.007
adjusted: 0.701 (0.40-1.23) p=0.214
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,951/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

s=smoking (probably history)

Of 155 with severe Covid-19 & suspected thrombotic events (TE), S=43.9%

62 with TE: S=62.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,952/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (text says history, Table 1 says current)

Of 6,746 who underwent orthopedic surgery, S=21.7%

64 with Covid-19: S=23.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,953/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14% in 2019)

S= (current?) smoking (R=regular, O=occasional)

Of 2,353 individuals, S=6.2% (R=2.8%, O=3.4%)

2,071 tested for SARS-CoV-2: S=5.9% (R=2.6%, O=3.3%)

1,145 positive: S=5.8% (R=2.2%, O=3.6%)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,954/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.2% were active or previous smokers

26 required ventilatory support: 23.1% were active or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,955/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 37 with pneumo-hematocele associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 51% were smokers*. Or 51.8%. Or 51.4%. Or 48.6%.

* "Active" appeared once. So did "history".

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,956/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 70 with spontaneous pneumothorax (PT) or spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PM), AS=45.7%

30 with Covid-19: AS=20%

140 controls with Covid-19 without PT or PM: AS=35%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,957/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 337 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=14.2%

227 mild/moderate: S=13%
60 critical/severe: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,958/

Kosovo (current adult cigarette smoking was 36.4% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 475 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=29.7%

83 positive: S=20.5%

OR
crude: 0.56 (0.31–0.99) p=0.045
adjusted: 0.55 (0.31–1.01) p=0.053

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,959/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified, but current appears more likely)

Of 72 nursing home residents, S=9.7%

58 with Covid-19: S=6.9%

15 severe (required hospitalization): S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
4,960/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

S=smoking, X=ex-smoker

Of 601 hosp'd with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.3% (10.1% reported) & X=1.2%

163 with gastrointestinal symptoms: S=14.7% (14.9% reported) & X=1.8% (1.9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,961/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)
Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

2,126 women & male partners trying to conceive

163 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=3.8%

1,963 reported no infection: CS=4.1%
academic.oup.com/aje/advance-ar…
4,962/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

smoking: A=active (D=daily, O=occasional) & F=former

Of 470 with Covid-19, A=6.8% (D=4.7%, O=2.1%) & F=32.3%

338 hospitalized: A=5.3% (D=4.1%, O=1.2%) & F=32.8%

29 ICU: A=3.4% (D=3.4%, O=0) & F=37.9%

Continued
4,962a/

45 died: A=2.2% (D=2.2%, O=0) & F=51.1%

"Two former smokers (1.9%) were using nicotine substitutes (one with e-cigarettes and one with patches) at the time of disease onset." (0.2% each)

Smoking was focus; worth reading

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,963/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 286 in ICU with Covid-19, 3.8% were current smokers & 21.7% were former smokers

30 died (a subset): 3.3% was a current smoker & 26.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,964/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 72 with inflammatory bowel disease & Covid-19, 2.8% were current smokers & 19.4% were prior smokers

49 hospitalized: 2% was a current smoker & 24.5% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,965/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 660 with cardiovascular disease hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.4% were smokers

102* died: 1% was a smoker

Notes:
*calculated
not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
4,966/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 70,155 tests for SARS-CoV-2, S=9.6%

23,391 positive: S=8.3%

10,293 Δ: S=10.9%
13,098 Ο: S=6.2%

Note: smokers less likely to be vaccinated

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4,967/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 229 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 26.6% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,968/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 32 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) who survived, S=12.5% & X=0

32 matched hosp'd Covid-19 patients with PF who died, S=37.5% & X=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,969/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,627 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 19.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,970/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 1,708 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.7% had a smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,971/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.8%* were active or former smokers

40 healthy controls: 47.5% were active or former smokers

*doesn't work out to a whole number

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,972/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 582 with Covid-19, "18.21% were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,973/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 151 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=11.9% & X=9.3%

23 moderate: S=13% & X=8.7%
90 severe: S=6.7% & X=10%
38 critical: S=23.7% & X=7.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,974/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 35 health care workers who recovered from Covid-19, 8.6% were current smokers & 11.4% were ex-smokers

16 healthy controls: 12.5% were current smokers & 18.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,975/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 613 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.5%

149 with encephalopathy: S=8.7%

142 in hospital > 13 days: S=14.1%

12 with stroke: S=8.3%

148 died: S=8.8%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35060095/
4,976/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified..)

Of 63 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=20.6%

45 w/ pneumonia and/or respiratory failure: S=15.6%
12 w/ respiratory failure: S=8.3%

224 uninfected controls: S=22.8%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,977/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 6,250 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=11.9% & P=14%

788 positive: C=7.6% & P=15.1%

ORs (current vs. never)
crude: 0.57 (0.40-0.77) p<0.05
adj: 0.94 (0.82–1.07) p=0.382

mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/1…
4,978/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

smoking: C-current, X=ex

Of 50 with symptoms persisting at least 4 weeks following Covid-19 diagnosis, C=12% & X=14%

21 hospitalized: C=9.5% & X=23.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
4,979/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if curent or ever)

Of 56 nursing home residents age 65+ tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=4 (7.1%)

29 with *symptomatic* Covid-19: S=2 (6.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,980/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 1,936 tested for SARS-CoV-2, 32.2% had a smoking history

396 positive: 36.1% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,981/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 329,491 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 12.2% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,982/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 339,772 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,983/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 1,928 health care workers who received 2+ vaccine doses, 16.1% were current smokers & 18.6% were past smokers

44 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 11.4% were current smokers & 22.7% were past smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
4,984/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 428 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 20.8% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,985/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,388 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.9% & F=3.5%

967 severe/critical: C=8.3% & F=2.9%

Numbers may be slightly inaccurate
Focus: Interaction of drinking & smoking
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,986/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 458 with inflammatory bowel disease & Covid-19, 11.6% were active smokers & 29.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,987/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 185 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 27% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,988/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 14,227 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were current smokers & 25.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,989/

Ethiopia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.5% in 2017)

Of 394 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34.8% were current smokers

185 with prolonged hospital stay*: 40.5% were current smokers

*not clear what that means

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,990/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~52 in ICU with Covid-19, S=25%

~37 died: S=27%

Note: numbers & percentages reported are mathematically impossible

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,991/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 28,048 with mild Covid-19, "1716 (6.1%) were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,992/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 699 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, T~8.3%*

301 died: T~7.3%*

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,993/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 62 with diabetes hospitalized for Covid-19, 38.7% were past or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jd…
4,994/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 144 still alive 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.5% were current smokers

23 with PTSD: 30.4% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/br… Image
4,995/

(apparently) China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22.2%

18 moderate: S=27.8%
45 severe: S=20%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
4,996/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 183 with lung transplantation for respiratory failure due to Covid-19, 30.1% had a history of cigarette use

4.9% of donors had a history of tobacco use

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
4,997/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 2,554 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,998/

Michigan & New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rates were 18.9% & 13.1% in 2019)

Of 282 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 29.1% had a smoking history

61 with right ventricular dysfunction: 27.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
4,999/

Finland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 43 outpatients w/ SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection associated w/ SARS-CoV-2, CS=23.3%

39 matched outpatients w/ respiratory infection (tested negative): CS=23.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,000/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 36,358 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.2% were smokers

2,492 died: 11.8% were smokers

Notes:

not specified if current or ever
results reported by age ranges

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,001/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 298 hospitalized with Covid-19, 48.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,002/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

SV=Current cigarette smoking or vaping

Of 1,032 Covid-19 survivors, SV=4.8%

530 responded to a survey 9+ months later: SV=3.4%

234 with post-acute sequelae: SV=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,003/

Washington, Colorado & Oregon, USA (adult smoking rates were 12%, 14.5% & 15.6% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,052,774 individuals, C=6.6% & F=21.2%

140,595 tested for SARS-CoV-2: C=7.6% & F=26.5%

7,399 positive: C=4.3% & F=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,004/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 483 who required invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU for SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS, 20.3% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,005/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

Of 30 who had a stroke close to the time of hospitalization with Covid-19, 13 were former or current smokers (43.3%)

Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35079695/ Image
5,006/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 110 hospitalized with Covid-19 & still alive months later, 9.1% were current smokers & 25.5% had quit

13 w/ olfactory or gustatory dysfunction: 7.7% was a current smoker & 38.5% had quit

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35078845/
5,007/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, three had a history of smoking (15%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pa…
5,008/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Of 35 included in a study, 10 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 Image
5,009/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 13,076 pregnant women, S=11.5%

229 with Covid-19: S=5.7%

158 mild: S=7.6%
71 severe: S=1.4%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
5,010/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 22 nurses with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Some activities such as smoking and drinking alcohol were not reported at all"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-118… Image
5,011/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 151 Covid-19 patients who required supplemental oxygen, 48.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
5,012/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.5% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 102 who underwent a lung transplant, HS=33.3%

30 with Covid-19 ARDS: HS=10%
72 non-Covid-19: HS=43.1%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
5,013/

Ethiopia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.5% in 2017)

C=within past 3 months; E=ever

Of 392 with suspected Covid-19:

cigarette: C=3.8% & E=4.1%
alcohol: C=3.8 & E=4.6%
khat: C=20.2% % E=21.7%
cannabis: C=0.5% & E=0.5%

all calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,014/

Singapore (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 491 (490) tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=19.8% (19.6%)

69 (68) positive: S=10.1% (8.8%)

reported twice with different numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,015/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 144 hospitalized for severe Covid-19 pneumonia, C=7.6% & F=6.9%

25 intubated and/or died: C=12% & F=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,016/

China (female current smoking age 15+ was 1.8% in 2018)

Of 18 hospitalized with Covid-19 during pregnancy & still alive a year later, all 18 were never smokers at time of infection & at follow-up

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,017/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 32 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 2 were current smokers (6.3%) & 6 were former smokers (18.8%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,018/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult smoking rates were 12.5% & 13.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)
H=hospitalized

Of 2,031 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=12.7%
160 H: S=25%

910 Δ: S=15.6%
126 H: S=25.4%

1,121 Ο: S=10.3%
34 H: S=23.5%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,019/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoke: Y=yes, P=previous

Of 68 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Y=14.7% & P=4.4%

18 Δ: Y=16.7% & P=5.6%
50 Ο: Y=14% & P=4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,020/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 205 health care workers, 14.6% were smokers

49 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: 10.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,021/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 184 with Covid-19, C=10.9% & F=34.2%

119 community-associated: C=7.6% & F=30.3%
65 health care-associated: C=16.9% & F=41.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-128…
5,022/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 15 invasively mechanically ventilated with Covid-19 ARDS, two were active smokers (13.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129…
5,023/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 125 Covid-19 survivors, 8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129…
5,024/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 758 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.8% were current smokers & 43.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,025/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 352 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia who survived, 70.7% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,026/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: Y=yes, F=former

Of 52 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, Y=9.6% & F=55.8%

41 positive: Y=7.3% & F=53.7%

All 41 tested rectally too
22 positive: Y=0 & F=63.6%

Continued
5,026a/

210 (non-hospitalized) tested for SARS-CoV-2: Y=15.2% & F=24.8%

9 positive: Y=0 & F=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,027/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 164 receiving valproic acid when admitted to hospital with Covid-19, S=9.1%

327 matched controls (hospitalized with Covid-19), S=5.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,028/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 57,164 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,029/

Ethiopia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.5% in 2017)

Of 689 hospitalized* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Twenty-five (3.6%) of the patients were Khat chewers and nine (1.3%) were smokers."

*for quarantine and/or treatment

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,030/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 21 hemodialysis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 & treated in a dialysis ICU, HS=38.1%

6 with pulmonary aspergillosis: HS=50%

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
5,031/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,490 tested for antibodies, T=29.2%

240 positive: T=22.1%

OR: 0.5 (0.3-0.9)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,032/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2019)

Of 64,526 with Covid-19, 11.9% were tobacco users

OR for mortality: 1.19 (1.00–1.42)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,033/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 53 dialysis patients, 34% were smokers

14 with Covid-19: 42.9% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/ndt/advance-ar…
5,034/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

HS=history of smoking

Of 22 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, HS=4.5%

48 matched controls in ICU with ARDS from septic shock: HS=31.3%

48 matched (uninfected) controls: HS=20.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,035/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,609 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.3% had a history of smoking reported

Note: Bronx

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,036/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.0% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 5,956 fully vaxxed individuals with hematological malignancy, S=3.3%

800 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=3.1%

228 hospitalized: S=4.4%

28 died: S=21.4%*

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,037/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 110 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were active smokers & 33.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,038/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 1,512 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 9.1% were current smokers & 24% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,039/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 17,984 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42.7% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,040/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 381 Covid-19 outpatients, 1.6% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,041/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 24 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS who required ECMO, 16.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,042/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 20.5% in 2019)

Of 52 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23.1% were current smokers & 21.2% were former smokers

22 with acute kidney injury: 31.8% were current smokers & 27.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,043/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 5,528 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2% were current or former smokers

853 died: 0.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,044/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 11 who died from severe Covid-19, 27.3% were current or ex-smokers

43 matched uninfected controls (see methods): 100% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,045/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 in ICU with Covid-19 & treated with HFNC, S=6.7%

25 intubated, mechanically ventilated and/or died: S=16%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,046/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 3,361 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 9.4% were active smokers

716 with taste or smell disorders: 12.3% were active smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,047/

North Carolina, USA (adult female smoking rate was 14.4% in 2020)

S=current smoking during pregnancy

Of 115 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=7%

37 asymptomatic: S=8.1%
61 mild: S=6.6%
9 moderate: S=11.1%
6 severe: S=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,048/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 64 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 17.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Update as of Jan 25

Of 7,038 positive Covid-19 diagnoses in people with inflammatory bowel disease in 60+ countries, 4.1% were current smokers (CS)

Of 1,013 hospitalized, CS=4.4%

Update continued

Of 192 admitted to ICU, CS=3.1%

Of 148 who needed mechanical ventilation, CS=1.4%

Of 107 who died, CS=4.7%

covidibd.org/current-data/

5,049/

Spain (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.8% in 2017)

Of 64 with SARS-CoV-2 infection while pregnant, 10.5% smoked during pregnancy

researchsquare.com/article/rs-123…
5,050/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CT=contacts of infected people tested for SARS-CoV-2
S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 567 household/social CT, S=8.6%
86 positive: S=2.3%

Of 122 health care worker CT, S=8.2%
12 positive: S=16.7%

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
5,051/

South Africa (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 166 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.7% were current smokers & 10.2% were former smokers

Note: about 40% were people living with HIV

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
5,052/

Georgia & (maybe) South Carolina, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.8% & 18.1% in 2020)

Of 155 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.9% were current smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,053/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 187 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & acute ischemic stroke, 13.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/…
5,054/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 106 who recovered from Covid-19, 57.5% were non-smokers

gut.bmj.com/content/early/…
5,055/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 82 with pulmonary symptoms tested for SARS-CoV-2, 45.1% were smokers

32 positive: 62.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,056/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 835 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.7% were current smokers & 19.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,057/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified..)

Of 242 hospitalized with schizophrenia, S=42.6%
76 diagnosed w/ Covid-19: S=14.5%

Of 90 psychiatric inpatients w/ C-19, S=15.6%
79 non-severe: S=16.5%
11 severe: S=9.1%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,058/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 185 with Covid-19, 1.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pt…
5,059/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current (D=daily, S=sometimes), X=ex

Of 1,636 born from 1994-1996, C=18.9% (D=6.5%, S=12.4%) & X=12.3%

740 with 1 or more symptoms of suspected Covid-19: C=23% (D=8.5%, S=14.5%) & X=13.2%

Continued
5,059a/

Sweden (current snus use was 16%: 13% daily, 3% sometimes)

C=current (D=daily, S=sometimes), X=ex

Of 1,636 born from 1994-1996, C=12.7% (D=8.8%, S=3.9%) & X=3.4%

740 with 1 or more symptoms of suspected Covid-19: C=14.2% (D=9.9%, S=4.3%) & X=3.4%

Continued
5,059b/

Much, much more data in this article, including:

smoking decreased from 18.9% before the pandemic to 14.7% during the pandemic

daily smoking ⬇️ from 6.5% to 3.7%

snus ⬆️ from 12.7% to 22.4%

Note: might make reported numbers misleading

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,060/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 43,612 hospitalized for childbirth, S=4.2%

4,050 with current or past Covid-19, S=3.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,061/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 234 health care workers with mild or moderate Covid-19, 25.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,062/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 96 with Covid-19, 72.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,063/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 38 with psychiatric disorders (PD) hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=52.6%

31 without PD hosp'd with Covid-19: CS=6.5%

38 without Covid-19 hosp'd with PD: CS=55.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,064/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 170 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4.1%

13 asymptomatic: S=0
142 mild-common: S=4.9%
15 seriously-critically ill: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,065/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 5,915 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=33.2%

813 with acute kidney injury: ES=39%

147 required renal replacement therapy: ES=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,066/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 42 in ICU with severe Covid-19 who had pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum or both, "None of our 42 patients were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,067/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "37% of patients were former smokers (24 pack/years of average)"

Current smoking not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,068/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 396 with Covid-19, "The number of smokers in the study was 333 (84.1%)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35110194/
5,069/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 117 critically ill in hospital with Covid-19, "History of smoking was presented in 24.8% of patients."

researchsquare.com/article/rs-123…
5,070/

Tunisia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,670 (1,610)* tested for antibodies, T=22.4% (19.5%)*

628 positive: T=15.6%

*reported twice with different numbers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-131… Image
5,071/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

HS=history of smoking

Of 147 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=40.8%

9 mild: S=44.4%
59 moderate: HS=54.2%
41 severe (survived): HS=24.4%
38 died: HS=36.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,072/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 309 with Covid-19, 15.9% were smokers

78 with acute myocardial injury: 5.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,073/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 19 still alive ~1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.5% had a smoking history

25 healthy controls: 19% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,074/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 32 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21.9% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,075/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 88 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=17%

83 non-critically ill: S=18.1%
5 critically ill: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,076/

Czech Republic (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.7% in 2017)

Of 79 with hematological disease diagnosed with COVID-19, 10.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ho…
5,077/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

Of 37 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were current tobacco users & 5.4% were previous tobacco users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,078/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 44 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=15.9%

24 symptomatic: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,079/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 40 still alive 6 months after hospitalization w/ Covid-19, SH=17.5%

7 w/ ventilatory dysfunction: SH=0
22 w/ diffusion dysfunction: SH=9.1%
23 w/ pulmonary fibrosis: SH=8.7%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,080/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 154 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 6.5% were smokers & 7.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,081/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 1,536 intubated and mechanically ventilated with ARDS and COVID-19, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,082/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 791 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), 32.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,083/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 98 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 26.5% were past or current smokers

26 hospitalized: 42.3% were past or current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-112…
5,084/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

S=smoked tobacco while pregnant

Of 14,104 who gave birth, S=6.8%

2,352 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant or postpartum, S=4.3%

1,766 asymptomatic/mild: S=4.5%
586 mod./severe/critical: S=3.6%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
5,085/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 150 health care workers tested for antibodies, 1.3% were smokers

53 positive: zero were smokers

Notes:

zero hospitalized with Covid-19
not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ej… Image
5,086/

Iran

ES=ever smoking (cigar/cigarette)
EH=ever hookah use

Of 30,541 survey respondents (in 2016), ES=14.3% & EH=20.7%

474 with SARI: ES=15.4% & EH=20.7%

211 with Covid-19 (different registry): ES=13.3% & EH=19%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35125994/ Image
5,087/

Brazil (male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.6% in 2017)

Of 11 males admitted to ICU with Covid-19 who died, 9.1% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,088/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 64 elderly hospitalized Covid-19 patients, 3.1% were smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,089/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 4,808 hospitalized with Covid-19, CT=11%

887 Α: CT=11.6%
3,451 Δ: CT=10.6%
559 Ο: CT=12.6%

5,302 hospitalized for other reasons: CT=19.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,090/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 55 with mild/moderate Covid-19, CS=1.8%

27 mild: CS=3.7%
28 moderate: CS=0

20 uninfected controls: CS=5%

Continued
5,090a/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 28 with severe/very severe Covid-19, CS=10.7%

15 severe: CS=20%
13 very severe: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,091/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 93 hospitalized with Covid-19-related pneumonia, 4.3% were current smokers & 24.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,092/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

Of 665 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.2% were current smokers & 25% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,093/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 297 cancer patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 3.7% were current smokers & 36.45 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,094/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

AS=active smoking

Of 3,259 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, AS=16.6%

433 positive

OR (active smoker): 0.65 (0.49-0.86) p=0.003

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,095/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 146 Covid-19 patients with ARDS treated with ECMO, S=17.8%

162 H1N1 patients with ARDS treated with ECMO: S=17.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,096/

Louisiana & (maybe) Mississippi, USA (adult current smoking rates were 18.3% & 20.1% in 2019)

Of 1,672 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.5% were former or current smokers

OR (death): 1.68 (1.13, 2.49) p=0.0108

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,097/

Europe

Of 1,799 under age 18 hospitalized with Covid-19, the number with a history of smoking was very small.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…

'One instance each of smoker and pregnancy reported in two infants aged 0 months (< 1 year) are not shown in the figure.' Image
5,098/

Greece

Apparently the same patients.

Of 21 intubated and/or who died, 28.6% were smokers (still not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…

5,099/

Iraq (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.7% in 2017)

Of 91* with severe Covid-19 who required hospitalization but were turned away, "7 (7.69%) were smokers"

3 died: 0 were smokers

Notes:

*calculated
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,100/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 727 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=13.3%

46 with complications* (presumably survived): S=15.2%

28 died: S=28.6%

*undefined

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,101/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 500 hospitalized with Covid-19: "smokeless tobacco (22.8%) in the...forms of pan and supari (6.4%), gutka chewing (1.4%) and bidi/cigarette smoking (10.4%)

Note: doesn't add up

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic… Image
5,102/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 136 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30 (22.1%) had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…

Possibly the same patients 👇

5,103/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 580 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic… Image
5,104/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 58 admitted to ICU for SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 62% didn't smoke (not specified in non or never)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,105/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 679 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18 were current smokers (2.7%)

120 died: 10 were current smokers (8.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,106/

Philippines (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.7% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 1,500 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=18.5%

222 asymptomatic: S=6.3%
203 mild: S=9.4%
549 moderate: S=19.5%
185 severe: S=21.1%
341 critical: S=28.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,107/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized with Covid-19, two were current smokers (2.4%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
5,108/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

SH=smoking history

Of 702 with hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=6.3%

418 moderate: SH=5.7%
284 severe/critical: SH=7%

22 died: SH=4.5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
5,109/

Canada (2019 current smoking age 12+ was 14.8%)

smoker: C=current, P=previous

Of 57 w/ Covid-19, C=14% & P=12.3%

9 mild: C=33.3% & P=0
5 moderate: C=60% & P=40%
43 severe: C=4.7% & P=11.6%

81 w/ non-Covid respiratory illness C=19.8% & P=11.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,110/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 635 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.6% were current smokers & 6.3% were former smokers

122 died: 2.2% were current smokers & 9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,111/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

smoking ("tabagism"): C=current, P=previous

Of 103 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required noninvasive ventilation, C=2.9% & P=6.8%

39 died: C=2.6% & P=7.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-134…
5,112/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 67 with asymptomatic, mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9% were current smokers & 14.9% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,113/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 376 with mild or moderate Covid-19 (not hospitalized), 50.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
5,114/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

T=tobacco users

Of 300 with Covid-19, 27.3% were ever T

16.3% were current T:
5% smoking
9.7% smokeless
1.7% both

73.5% of current T used fewer than 5 times/day

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,115/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

Of 46 previously treated with renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.2% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,116/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 189 in ICU with ARDS related to severe SARS-CoV2 infection who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 5.8% were active smokers (6% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,117/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 236 still alive at least 5 months after diagnosis of Covid-19, 3.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,118/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 405 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=9.4%

70* ICU (survived): CS=11.4%

35* died: CS=14.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/artic…
5,119/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 173 with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 0.6% was a current smoker & 27.2% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,120/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 466* with Covid-19, 5.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,121/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 54 w/ suspected Covid-19, C=18.5% & F=16.7%
15 w/ pulmonary thromboembolism (PE): C=13.3% & F=26.7%

16 tested positive: C=25% & F=25%
4 w/ PE: C=25% & F=25%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,122/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

SV=smoke or vape (incl. cannabis)

Of 526 health care workers with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, SV=8.2% (7.6% reported)

OR hospitalization: 0.16 (0.001-1.20) p=0.085

Note: not specified...
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,123/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 4,959 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
5,124/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 2,895,943 age 65+, 5.5% were smokers

133,366 infected with SARS-CoV-2: 4.4% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

bmj.com/content/376/bm…
5,125/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 4,810 hospitalized with Covid-19:
5.8% were smokers
27% had quit
0.1% were passive smokers 🙄

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,126/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 2,014 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.4% were current smokers & 3.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,127/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 332 with cancer hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.1% were active smokers & 21.1% were former smokers

OR death (active or former smoker): 2

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,128/

Slovenia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.8% in 2017)

Of 50 still alive after being mechanical ventilated in ICU with respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 6% were current smokers & 34% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,129/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 38,106 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35148386/
5,130/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

S=current or ex-smoker

Of 81 with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) hospitalized w/ Covid-19, S=60.5%

396 controls with IRD not hospitalized w/ C-19 (infection status unclear): S=50.5%

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cp…
5,131/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

"Smoking" (cigarettes, hookah, and electronic cigarettes): C=current, P=previous

Of 809* who recovered from Covid-19, C=18.8% & P=8.9%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,132/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 4,485 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,133/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 2,135 hospitalized for Covid-19, 3.3% were current cigarette smokers & 4.4% were previous cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,134/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 3,945 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.4% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,135/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 92 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,136/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

Of 2,279 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 35.2% were current or former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,137/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 101 with acute respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,138/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 296 hospitalized for Covid-19 & discharged alive, 8.4% were current smokers

14 died within 6 months (all causes): 14.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,139/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 100 with persistent symptoms for at 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, "only one participant smoked"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,140/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 39 people living with HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=25.6% & E=53.8%

43 matched controls (without HIV, SARS-CoV-2-positive): C=2.3% & E=16.3%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,141/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 54 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & treated with HFNC, 13% were current smokers & 46.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-746…
5,142/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 494 kidney transplant recipients who recovered from Covid-19, C=2.6% & F=28.7%

421 uninfected kidney transplant recipients: C=3.1% & F=24.8%

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
5,143/

USA, Mexico & Canada

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 8,496 with active or prior cancer & Covid-19, C=5.8% & F=39.5%

1,401 with any coinfection: C=3.9% & F=47%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,144/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.8% in 2020)

Of 453 age 55+ diagnosed with Covid-19, 6.6% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,145/

USA, Mexico & Canada

Of 5,490 age 60+ with active or previous cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 52.1% were ever smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanhl…

Note: same registry as study in tweet 5,143

5,146/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 240 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,147/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 197 in hospital recovering from Covid-19, 7.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-131…
5,148/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 464,811 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), C=23.8% & X=38.1%

29,150 with Long Covid symptoms: C=24.3% & X=42.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-134…
5,149/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 70 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, C=58.6% & F=15.7%

18 with influenza-associated respiratory failure: C=16.7% & F=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,150/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 220 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, C=6.8% & F=31.8%

45 deemed "not recovered" at least 3 months later: C=11.1% & F=35.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,151/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2020)

N=Ever smoke or vape nicotine
M=Smoke or vape marijuana

Of 1,487 tested for SARS-CoV-2, N=7.5% & M=11.2%

299 positive: N=9.7% & M=11.7%

361 untested: N=4.2% & M=10%

*24 & 25 unknown

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,152/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 41 with moderate Covid-19, 2.4% was a current smoker & 26.8% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,153/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 331 Covid-19 survivors, 6.3% were current smokers & 2.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,154/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 113 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.7% were current smokers

55 ICU: 7.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,155/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 48 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,156/

Kosovo (adult current cigarette smoking was 36.4% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 73 in ICU for Covid-19, A=6.8% & X=15.1%

48 died: A=6.3% & X=10.4%

Smoking was focus

"A protective effect of smoking in COVID-19 should not be inferred."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,157/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 99 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4% were active smokers

18 died: 11.1% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,158/

Spain & Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% & 21.9% in 2017)

Of 119 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia, 3.4% were current smokers & 18.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,159/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 119 completely (96) or partially (43) vaccinated who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 30.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,160/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

S=current or previous smoking history

Of 433 with cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=31.6%

200 hospitalized: S=33.5%

45 with invasive mechanical ventilation: S=35.6%

41 died: S=31.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
5,161/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 48 hospitalized with Civd-19 pneumonia, 16.7% were smokers

Of 24 hospitalized with non-Covid-19 pneumonia, 29.2% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-134…
5,162/

Canada (current smoking age 12+ was 14.8% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 8,849 tested for antibodies, C=10.5% & F=36.8%

166 positive: C=9.6% & F=33.1%

Note: all tested in entire study were unvaccinated

Continued
5,162a/

Of 6,968 tested a few months later (incl. some from 1st test), C=9.4% & F=37.7%

452 positive: C=6.6% & F=40.3%

347 symptomatic: C=6.9% & F=38.6%

Excluding positives on first test:

6,127 tested: C=9.6% & F=38.5%
295 positive: C=6.1% & F=39.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5163/
Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 2,246 with symptomatic Covid-19, 39% were current smokers (Important: see note)

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

Note 👇 Image
5,164/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 963 hospitalized with Covid-19 deemed "relatively low-risk", 3.4% were current smokers or vapers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,165/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 70 with hematological malignancy hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=4.3% & X=31.4%

137 matched controls (w/o HM hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia), S=2.9% & X=19.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,166/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 538 in ICU with Covid-19, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,167/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 55 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23.6% were smokers or ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jg…
5,168/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

ES=ever smoking

Of 779 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), ES=38.8%

338 January-February 2022: ES=40.8%
441 March-April 2020: ES=37.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,169/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 3 times)

Of 76 hospitalized with Covid-19 (median age 44), S=41.8%

81 uninfected hospitalized (median age 81.5), S=38.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-124…
5,170/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 1,583 with SARS-CoV-2 infection deemed "high-risk", 11.6% were current smokers & 24.8% were past smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-133…
5,171/

England, UK (2019 age 18+ current smoking was 13.9% & current vaping was ~6%)

smoking:
C=current (L=1-9 cigs/day, M=10-19, H=20+)
F=former

V=e-cigarette use (included in other categories)

Of 7,869,534 adults:
C=17.8% (L=13.9%, M=2.7%, H=1.2%)
F=22.2%
V=0.9%

Continued
5,171a/

14,253 hospitalized with Covid-19:
C=7.8% (L=6.3%, M=0.8%, H=0.6%)
F=35.1%
V=0.8%

1,527 ICU:
C=4.7% (L=3.9%, M=0.3%, H=0.5%)
F=33.9%
V=0.7%

5,817 died:
C=6.3% (L=5.1%, M=0.7%, H=0.6%)
F=40.3%
V=0.7%

Smoking was focus, e-cigarette use less so

academic.oup.com/ije/advance-ar…
5,172/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 1,056 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.9% were current smokers (26.0% reported)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,173/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 18 Covid-19 ICU patients, 11.1% were current smokers & 27.8% were former smokers

14 matched controls (non-Covid-19 ICU patients): 28.6% were current smokers & 28.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,174/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: Y=yes, X=ex

Of 68 still alive 3 months after being hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, Y=2.9% & X=35.3%

24 with pulmonary embolism: Y=8.3% & X=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,175/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

T=tobacco usage (not specified if current or ever)

Of 325 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=11.4%

or

Of ~257 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=14.4%

numbers and percentages don't agree

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,176/

Germany & Austria (current smoking age 15+ was 28.4% & 29.9% in 2017)

Of 178 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 26.4% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,177/

France & Belgium

AS=active smoking

Of 187 with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 who underwent anesthesia, AS=14.4% (14.5% reported)

All tested eventually

135 positive: AS=11.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,178/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)
Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,747 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, C=5.9% & X=45.6%

721 died: C=5% & X=49%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,179/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 153,846 veterans still alive 30 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=22.3% & F=37.1%

5,637,839 uninfected veterans: C=21.3% & F=36.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,180/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 13,550 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.7% were current smokers & 22.7% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ce…
5,181/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 98 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35179770/
5,182/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 15 with persistent symptoms following Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 26.7% were previous smokers

physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/p…
5,183/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 14,144* cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.9% were current smokers & 41.4% had previously smoked

*calculated due to missing data

academic.oup.com/oncolo/advance…
5,184/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 253,355 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=13.9%

44,397 positive: S=7.8%
OR: 0.538 (0.504-0.573) p<0.001

920 severe: S=5.4%
OR: 0.96 (0.65-1.39) p=0.85

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,185/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 201 age 60+ hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.5%

34 mechanically ventilated: CS=8.8%

16 died: CS=12.5% (12.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,186/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 386 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,187/

Spain, Argentina, Guatemala & Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2%, 21.9%, ~8% & 45% in 2017)

Of 541 hospitalized with moderate-severe Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,188/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 17 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, 5.9% was a smoker

27 healthy controls: zero were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,189/

Malaysia (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 57 hospitalized with Covid-19-associated acute kidney injury, 61.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,190/

Tunisia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2017)

Of 100 "with a nephrologic matter, who suffered from COVID 19", four were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,191/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 256 in ICU with Covid-19 (2020), S=28.9%

142 in ICU with influenza (2009-2019): S=36.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,192/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Of 294 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,193/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.8% in 2020)

Of 20 immunocompromised individuals who persistently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 10% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,194/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 564 hospitalized for Covid-19, 3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,195/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 33* still alive 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.3% were current smokers & 30.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-129…
5,196/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 201 with lung cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 87.1% had a smoking history

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,197/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 94 who survived after treatment in ICU with Covid-19, 34% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35184214/
5,198/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=occasional or daily, P=past

Of 346 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=8.7% & P=29.8%

595 matched controls who tested negative: C=13.8% & P=33.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
5,199/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,168 hospitalized for respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, C=4% & F=21.1%

763 with dyspnea: C=3.7% & F=21.9%

minervamedica.it/en/getfreepdf/…
5,200/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

tobacco consumption:
D=daily
O=occasional
P=previous
N=never

Of 16,476 tested for antibodies:
D=14.1%
O=5.3%
P=30.9%
N=49.6%

255 positive

percentage +:
D=1.1%
O=2.2%
P=2.1%
N=2.1%

aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/ar… Image
5,201/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 74 with primary mitochondrial diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, 2.7% were current smokers & 1.4% was a former smoker

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35190464/
5,202/

Qatar (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 29 with respiratory disease in ICU with Covid-19, SH=10.3%

20 intubated & mechanically ventilated: SH=10%

3 died: SH=0

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
5,203/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 781,545 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=2.4%*

633,581 Δ period: S=2.4%
147,964 Ο period: S=2.3%

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,204/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

S=current or former smoking

Of 87 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=20.7%

64 hospitalized: S=25%

32 ICU: S=28.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,205/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 58 with neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,206/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 202 diagnosed with Covid-19

169 mild & moderate: S=28.4%
33 severe & critical: S=36.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,207/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=16.7% & X=15.8%

56 with major complications: C=16.1% & X=19.7%

48 died: C=14.6% & X=20.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,208/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 85 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 14.1% were active smokers & 10.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
updated & peer-reviewed: new data (4,417)

UK (current vaping was ~6% in 2019)

vaping: C=current, X=ex

Of 11,099 tested for antibodies, C=2.7% & X=3.1%

1,691 positive: C=3.4% & X=3.1%

ORs: C=1.20 (NS) & X=0.95 (NS)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,209/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

S=smoking, X=ex-smoking

Of 22 on maintenance dialysis hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.6% & X=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,210/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 45 in ICU with SARS–CoV-2-induced ARDS, zero were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,211/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

Of 17 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure, 11.8% were current smokers & 5.9% was a former smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,212/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 215 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.6% were smokers (12.5% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,213/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

S=Smoker/Ex-Smoker

Of 99 in ICU with Covid-19, S=14.1%
42 with delirium: S=19%

Of 40 in ICU with non-Covid-19 respiratory infection, S=42.5%
23 with delirium: S=43.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,214/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4%

79 ICU: S=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,215/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 26 with cystic fibrosis and Covid-19 infection, 3.8% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,216/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 350 hospital workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 2.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

4 reinfected: 25% was "a chronic smoker"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,217/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 106 with Covid-19, 64.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,218/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 215 still alive 6 months after hospitalization with Covid-19, 3.3% were current smokers & 27.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,219/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 30 hospitalized with critical or severe respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,220/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 69 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 7.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,221/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 70 with suspected Covid-19 pneumonia, 18.6% were smokers

40 with pneumonia: 17.5% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,222/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.5% were current or previous tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,223/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 851 with Covid-19 who required a neurological consultation, S=14.3%

715 hospitalized: S=15.2%

109 died: S=7.3%

mostly Europe

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
5,224/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 516 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.9% were former or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/co…
5,225/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 45 tested for antibodies during pregnancy, zero were current tobacco users & 8.9% had quit.

15 positive: all had never used tobacco

Note: inclusion criteria not clear

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,226/

Guatemala (daily smoking age 15+ was ~8% in 2015)

S=tobacco smoking

Of 4,343 sugar plantation workers tested for antibodies, S=2.5%

1,279 positive: S=1.6%

Note: Smoking prevalence statistics for Guatemala are very difficult... (Continued)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,226a/

(Note continued)

...if not impossible to find. "~8%" daily is from Tobacco Atlas estimates

Interestingly, a 2018 study of 283 Guatemalan sugarcane workers found self-reported current smoking was 12%. Cotinine tests revealed the number to be 34%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/10/…
5,227/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 21 heart transplant recipients with Covid-19, five were previous smokers (23.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,228/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 51 young & middle-aged individuals hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.8% were current smokers & 13.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,229/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 388 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 who required ventilatory support, 20.6%* had a smoking history

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,230/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.9%

145 severe: S=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,231/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of ~1,450 mechanically ventilated with Covid-19 and ARDS, 4.2% were current smokers & 24.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,232/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 1,559 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.1% were current smokers & 28.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,233/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 49 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 6.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,234/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 10 with symptomatic or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection who required urgent/early cholecystectomy, 3 were current smokers (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,235/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 54 in ICU for COVID-19-induced sepsis with ARDS who required mechanical ventilation and/or ECMO, SH=63.3%

14 died: SH=76.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-138…
5,236/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 84 Covid-19-related ARDS survivors, 28.6% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-138…
5,237/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

smoker: A=active, F=former

Of 146 with Covid-19, A=4.8% & F=10.3%

92 hospitalized: A=3.3% & F=13%

21 ICU: A=9.5% & F=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,238/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 118* hospitalized with asymptomatic or symptomatic Covid-19, 47.5% were smokers

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,239/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 162 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19: 27.2% were current or former smokers

31 with delirium: 12.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,240/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 120 with Covid-19 admitted to a hospital ED-based observation unit, 2.5% were current smokers

42 hospitalized: 2.4% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,241/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 12.4% in 2019)

Of 50 with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were current smokers & 20% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,242/

Oman, Kuwait & United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 7.8%, 19.3% & 14.8% in 2017)

Of 134 with multiple sclerosis diagnosed w/ Covid-19, 11.2% were smokers

Notes:

"Contains some missing values"
not specified if current or ever
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,243/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smokers

Of 9,372 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=39.5%

724 died in hospital or were discharged to hospice: CFS=57.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain

same patients again

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,244/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 22 with acute inferior limb ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection, 45.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,245/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 173 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,246/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 326 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=27.6% (27.7% reported)

177 hospitalized: S=24.3%

8 ICU: S=0

ajol.info/index.php/ahs/…
5,247/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 9,081 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=15.5%

2,084 positive: S=10%

ORs

univariable: 0.5 (0.4–0.6)
multivariable: 0.3 (0.2–0.4)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,248/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 208 in ICU due to SARS-CoV-2, 33.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,249/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 28 with Covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, 17.9% were active smokers

56 controls (in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS): 1.8% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35212030/
5,250/

Earth

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 235 survey respondents with professional or self-diagnosis of Covid-19 who reported changes to smell and/or taste, C=14.9% & F=7.2%

62 with smell loss >28 days: C=16.1% & F=8.1%

Not clear where

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35208609/
5,251/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,170 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, T=18.1%

T associated with hospitalization, ICU; not death

T less likely to be vaccinated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,252/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 37 post-hospitalized patients with Covid-19, 5.4% were smokers (2% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,253/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 62 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=32.3%

62 matched controls (unvaccinated, reinfected): S=27.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,254/

Thailand (2017 current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.7%)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 105 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=6.7% & X=17.1%

68 non-severe: C=10.3% & X=13.2%
37 severe: C=0 & X=24.3%

25 healthy controls: C=16% & X=4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,255/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 48 who required oxygen therapy for Covid-19 & had at least one risk factor for increased mortality (includes smoking), 6.3% were smokers & 41.7% had quit >1 month

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,256/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 49 veterans hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, 12.2% were current smokers & 65.3% were former smokers

NE US

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,257/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 112 intubated in ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia, 22.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,258/

Bolivia (adult smoking rate was 23.8% in 2015)

Of 760 health care workers tested for antibodies, 8.8% were current tobacco smokers

327 positive: 5.2% were current tobacco smokers

OR: 0.420; 95% CI 0.24–0.74

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,259/

Mexico (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.7% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified..)

Of 87 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=2 (2.3%)

31 w/ severe pneumonia: S=2 (6.5%)

6 died: "patients who died exhibit higher frequency of smoking" 🤦‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,260/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,420 vaccinated health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=18.9%

141 positive: CS=16.3%

OR: 0.80 (0.50; 1.28) p=0.35

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,261/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,992 hospitalized w/ severe symptoms & tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=6.3%

2,287 positive: C=6.4%

2,985 of same patients: C+F=21.8%
2,283 positive: C+F=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,262/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

S="(ex-)smoker"

Of 23 SARS-CoV-2-positive ICU patients with probable aspergillosis, S=8 (34.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,263/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 112 who (saliva) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,264/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 79 intubated in hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,265/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 96 hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers & 20.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,266/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,076 health care workers with Covid-19, S=17.7%

2,076 HCW with no positive test or symptoms: S=16.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,267/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 66 with olfactory dysfunction which persisted more than 90 days after recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.3% were current smokers

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
5,268/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 59 with Covid-19, S=30.5%

30 severe (ICU): S=40%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-136…
5,269/

Pakistan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 128 doctors & paramedics diagnosed with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 2.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,270/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 97 Covid-19 survivors, 4.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,271/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 43 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & persistent olfactory disorders lasting more than 6 weeks, 18.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,272/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

smoking: C=current (D=daily, O=occasional)
F=former

V=e-cigarettes/vaping (not included in C, F, or never)

Of 152,399 tested for SARS-CoV-2:
C=16.9% (D=9.3%, O=7.6%)
F=32.1%
V=1.3%

Continued
5,272a/

60,829 positive:
C=15.5% (D=7%, O=8.5%)
F=31.4%
V=1.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

More details (numbers are positive, negative) 👇 Image
5,273/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

all use past 30 days

S=smoking (cigarettes and/or cigars)

Of 756 vaping college students, S=46.2%

95 reported current symptoms: S=77.9%

646 tested for SARS-CoV-2: S=47.7%

108 positive: S=55.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,274/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 62 w/ autoimmune disorders hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=1.6% & F=19.4%

124 matched controls (w/o AID hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection): C=3.2% & F=13.7%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,275/

Of 142 with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 19% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Not stated where: authors from Germany & Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% & 23.5% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,276/

Ghana (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.6% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 255 who recovered from Covid-19, S=5.9%

115 with pneumonia: S=5.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,277/

Portugal (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 27.7% in 2017)

S=active or past smoker

Of 85 with pulmonary embolism associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=11.8%

14 died: S=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,278/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 9,667 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers

38,668 matched controls hospitalized for other reasons, 16.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,279/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SV=smoking/vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 21,073 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SV=6.6%

289 with stroke: SV=8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,280/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 65 with Covid-19, S=41.5%

43 mild-to-moderate: S=34.9%
22 severe: S=54.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,281/

Turkey (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)
England, UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.1% in 2019)

Of 135 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 2.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.10…
5,282/

Sweden (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2017)

Of 91 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.5% were active smokers

20 died: 15% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
5,283/

Israel (current smoking age 20+ was 23% in 2017)

Of 658 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,284/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 47 with post-acute sequelae of Covid-19, 34% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,285/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,704,171 individuals, S=17.1%

218,329 with Covid-19: S=13.6%

Note: includes kids

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs (A=hospital, B=ICU, C=death) ImageImageImage
5,286/

Luxembourg (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 296 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.9% were current smokers & 17.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,287/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

Of 47 admitted to hospital for labor/delivery who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 4.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,288/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 3,296 hospitalized with Covid-19 (76.3% male), 75.1% were current smokers & 1.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,289/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 212 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,290/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 13,446 diagnosed with Covid-19, 18.3% were current smokers

2,200 hospitalized: 35.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,291/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 505 hospitalized with Covid-19, ~56.4%* were smokers or ex-smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,292/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 867 tested for antibodies, 25.8% were former or current smokers

169 positive: 26.6% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,293/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 175 Covid-19 survivors, C=1.1% & P=22.3%

35 mild/moderate: C=0 & P=5.7%
80 severe: C=2.5% & P=22.5%
60 critical: C=0 & P=31.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,294/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 50 hospitalized "with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 variants or COVID-19" (?), 18% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,295/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha: incl. 7.8% dual)

S=previous or current smoker

Of 114 w/ history of cancer w/ Covid-19, S=25.4%

55 mild/moderate: S=18.2%
59 severe/critical: S=32.2%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,296/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

HS=history of smoking

Of 45 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required oxygen therapy, HS=48.9%

28 moderate: HS=42.9%
17 severe: HS=58.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,297/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 124 lung cancer patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 23.4% were smokers & 64.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,298/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

Of 155 who had a transthoracic echocardiogram (see methods) in the year before being hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,299/

Jordan (adult smoking rate was 40.5% in 2015)

Of 2,148 who recovered from Covid-19, "16.9% were current cigarette smokers"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35238285/
5,300/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 4,735 who underwent ankle fracture surgery & were tested for Covid-19, 37.7% were current or former smokers

158 positive: 27.8% were current or former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35237737/
5,301/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 81 still alive 1 year after Covid-19 diagnosis (+ symptoms for 6+ weeks), C=3.7% & X=40.7%

55 hospitalized: C=3.6% & X=49.1%
20 ICU: C=0 & X=35%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
5,302/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, Q=quit

Of 42 with symptoms >2 months since the onset of COVID-19, C=11.9% & Q=21.4%

Symptoms after vax (1 dose)
7 w/ relief: C=28.6% & Q=0
9 worse: C=11.1% & Q=11.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,303/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

tobacco smoker/vape user: C=current, F=former

Of 63 who (saliva) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=7.9% & F=23.8%

See note in next tweet

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,303a/

Note: People were advised not to smoke/vape for at least 30 minutes before saliva tests. A long time ago, I asked a provincial health department what happens if you do, and I received only a snarky non-answer from a third party. Internet isn't helpful on this question.
5,304/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of ~15,460* who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, HT=21.5%

990 hospitalized: HT=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,305/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 1,724 age 70+ hospitalized for Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 51.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

OR (mortality) 👇 Image
5,306/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 258 previously hospitalized who were seen at a post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic, 10.1% were active smokers & 37.6% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,307/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 96 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.3% & X=16.7%

84 hospitalized: S=7.1% & X=14.3%

32 severe: S=6.3% & X=21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,308/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 14 who died with SARS-CoV infection, 6 had a smoking history (42.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,309/

Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.9% in 2017)

Apparently the same patients.

Active smoking = 2.8%
ex-smoking = 39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,310/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=current or former smoker

Of 182 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=19.2%

364 matched controls who tested negative: S=28%

OR: 0.224 (95% CI 0.084–0.592) p=0.003

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,311/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 59,649 with Covid-19, S=2.2%

1,105 hospitalized*: S=7.1%

1,400 died: S=6.1%

*24,002 had missing hospitalization data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,312/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 150 admitted to ITU (ICU), C=20.7% & X=24%

89 with Covid-19, C=5.6% & X=28.1%

Note: smoking status data missing for majority of pts (not included above)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,313/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 94 in ICU with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia, S=4.3%

64 with secondary infection: S=4.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,314/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 967 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who underwent chest imaging, 24.5% had a smoking history

197 with complications (see methods): 31.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,315/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 15,691 hospitalized with Covid-19 "and belonging to the high-risk category of inflammation", 4.9% were current smokers & 26.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,316/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 46 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (71.7% male) diagnosed with Covid-19, 24 were ever smokers (52.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,317/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 982 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=39%

154 hospitalized for Covid-19: SH=50%

19 died from Covid-19: SH=57.9%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,318/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N="Nicotine dependence/tobacco use" (not specified...)

Of 10,403 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, N=19.4%

10,403 matched controls hospitalized without SARS-CoV-2 infection (tested): N=35%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,319/

China: same patients

Note: cohort included all hospitalized in Wuhan with SARS-CoV-2 infection during first wave

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,320/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 39 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, 12.8% were active or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,321/

Italy (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2017)

Of 10 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,322/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 316 still alive 4 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, S=37.7%

201 still with symptoms: S=35.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,323/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 24 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 4.2% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,324/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 397 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.8% were active smokers & 33% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,325/

Italy & Russia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% & 28.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 567* hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.8%

77* with acute kidney injury: CS=29.9%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,326/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 49 who recovered from acute Covid-19, S=18.4%

36 matched healthy controls: S=36.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,327/

Turkey (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.9% in 2017)

Of 132 women age 18 to 40 who recovered from Covid-19, 5.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,328/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

Of 80 still alive after discharge from hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.1%* were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*more likely to be 7.5% (missing data)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,329/

Ireland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.2% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 174 with rheumatic disease diagnosed with Covid-19, ES=31%

85 hospitalized: ES=44.7%

21 died: ES=52.4%

academic.oup.com/rheumatology/a…
5,330/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,734 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=16.8%

898 mild: S=8.5%
791 moderate: S=24.5%
45 severe: S=46.7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35256494/
5,331/

Of 10 with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome who had Covid-19, "No patients who developed COVID-19 reported a history of tobacco use or vaping"

Not specified where. Authors from USA

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pb…
5,332/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 19 with hypoxemia due to COVID-19-related pneumonia (not intubated), 57.9% were ex- or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/re…
5,333/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 1,504 with SARS-CoV-2 infection when hospitalized (for any reason) during pregnancy, 17.5% were current smokers

432 symptomatic: 16.9% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,334/

Canada (current smoking rate age 12+ was 15.8% in 2018)

SV=tobacco smoking or vaping (not specified...)

Of 52,038 reporting to hospital EDs with symptom(s) suggesting pulmonary embolism tested for SARS-CoV-2, SV=16%

15,559 positive: SV=9.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,335/

South Africa (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2017)

Of 2,413 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 13.8% were smokers (presumably current)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,336/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified...)

Of 494 w/ T2 diabetes, S=29.1%

38 w/ SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection

"smoking was significantly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections"
researchsquare.com/article/rs-138… Image
5,337/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 Covid-19 survivors, S=7.8%

26 anosognosic of memory dysfunction: S=0

academic.oup.com/braincomms/adv…
5,338/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.8% in 2020)

Of 458 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,339/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 2,537 w/ confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized) & long Covid, C=10.6% & X=27.3%

1,919 tested: C=10% & X=27.3%

674 positive: C=9.8% & X=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,340/

Kuwait (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of 159 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19.5% were current smokers & 10.1% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
5,341/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 78 with upper aerodigestive complaints as sequelae of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, C=11.5% & F=11.5%

29 intubated: C=6.9% & F=13.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li…
5,342/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 270,624 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1.2%

32,049 ICU: S=2.7%

18,623 died: S=1.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-133…
5,343/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 55 hospitalized with Covid-19, 49.1% were current or former smokers

37 ICU: 56.8% were current or former smokers

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
5,344/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

SE="Smoking exposition" (not defined)

Of 46 who died with Covid-19, SE=32.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,345/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 396 hospitalized with Covid-19, 29.3% were current or past smokers (32% reported; missing data?)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,346/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoker (at time of admission)

Of 316 still alive 6 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, AS=46.8%

118 with reduced respiratory function at 6 months, AS=48.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,347/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 58 with CNS demyelinating disorders & prior suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection tested for antibodies, ES=39.7%

24 positive: ES=45.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,348/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

S=current smoking, M=marijuana use (apparently past year)
C19=Covid-19 diagnosis (self-reported)

Of 1,996 U of Michigan students, S=1.2%
178 C19: S=1.7%

Of 1,990 U of M students, M=42.6%
177 C19: M=62.1%

Continued
5,348a/

V=vaping any substance (apparently past year)

Of 1,994 U of M students, V=21.6%
177 C19: V=40.7%

Comment: It is unacceptable that substance use definitions were not reported in paper. I had to find them in the supplement to the study protocol.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,349/

Ethiopia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.5% in 2017)

Of 288 hospitalized with Covid-19, 29.9% had a smoking history

58 died: 62.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,350/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,493 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, S=51.3%

567 died: S=54.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,351/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 454 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.7% were current smokers

104 died: 4.8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,352/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 85 SARS-CoV-2 ICU survivors, 1.2% was a current smoker & 57.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,353/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

S="smoking (less than 20 packs-years)"

Of 104 with mild Covid-19, S=13.5%

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,354/

Netherlands (current smoking age 18+ was 22.4% in 2018)

S=current smoking or stopped <2 years ago

Of 16 recreational endurance athletes with history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=0

16 uninfected controls (also recreational endurance athletes): S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,355/

Italy (male age 15+ current smoking was 27.3% in 2017)

Of 36 males with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 41.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,356/

China (male current smoking age 15+ was 50.5% in 2018)

Of 36 males who recovered from Covid-19, 13.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,357/

Pennsylvania & New Jersey, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.8% & 10.8% in 2020)

Of 131 with Covid-19 who required intubation, 45% were prior or current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270767/
5,358/

Ohio & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rates were 19.3% & 14.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 8,755 with Covid-19, CS=6.5%

11,998 controls (tested negative): CS=14.7%

Note: error in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,359/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 162 age 20 to 65 still alive 6 months after being hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 20.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,360/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 583 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.7%

95 ICU, intubated and/or died: S=8.4%

Note: From Table 3. Total S hosp'd pts in Table 1: 6/582 (1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,361/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

smoking: A=active, H=history

Of 36 recovering from severe-to-critical Covid-19, A=2.8% & H=44.4%

28 with reduced exercise capacity (see methods): A=0 & H=46.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,362/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

N=non-smoker (not specified...)

Of ~216* age 80+ in ICU with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, N=73%

16* invasive mechanical ventilation: N=62.5%

135 died within 90 days: N=74.1%

*calculated
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,363/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 65 with long Covid, 43.1% were smokers (not clear if current or ever; "current" & "history" both appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,364/

Romania (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.2% in 2017)

Of 131 with chronic heart failure hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,365/

New York City, USA

same patients, but in this study 22% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,366/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

SO=smoking and opioid addiction

Of 31 in ICU with Covid-19, SO=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,367/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 26 with severe COVID-19 who were supported with ECMO, 11.5% were current smokers & 19.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,368/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 42,964 with Covid-19, 1.6% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,369/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of ~862* (presumably hospitalized) with Covid-19, 13% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

157 tested for antibodies months later Image
5,370/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 225 with severe Covid-19, 28% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,371/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 176 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.4% were smokers (4% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
5,372/

Norway (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of 1,075 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.9%

666 Δ: CS=6.2%
409 Ο: CS=5.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,373/

Malaysia (current smoking age 15+ was 22.1% in 2017)

Of 732 Covid-19 survivors, 6.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,374/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 121 with mild Covid-19, T=35.5%

36 with post-Covid syndrome: T=31.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,375/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 110 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.4%

66 hospitalized: S=3%

24 ICU: S=4.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-141…
5,376/

Morocco (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.2% in 2017)

Of 36 with primary cutaneous lymphomas & Covid-19, 4 were smokers (8.3%, but 11% was reported. If because of missing data, the number of patients was 36)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jd…
5,377/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 97 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.2% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,378/

Tunisia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2017)

Of 56 who survived after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,379/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 11,678 age 18-65 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.2% were current smokers & 24.7% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
5,380/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of more than 2,900 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-827…
5,381/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 344 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 4.7% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/intqhc/advance…
5,382/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

Of 80 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,383/

United Arab Emirates

Apparently the same patients.

'There was a weak negative association between current smoking and the severity of COVID-19 (r = −0.09, p = 0.043)'

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,384/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 76 with end-stage renal disease on dialysis hospitalized with Covid-19, S=34.2%

8 died: S=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,385/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 50 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,386/

Brazil (female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.9% in 2017)

Of 86 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy (PCR or antibody), 3.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,387/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

NS=never smoker

Of 108 hospitalized with Covid-19, NS=61.1%

58 mild/moderate: NS=69%
50 severe: NS=52%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,388/

Mexico

Of 244 younger than age 18 who died with Covid-19, four were smokers (1.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,389/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 86 psychiatric inpatients (age 65+ plus 2 younger with dementia) diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,390/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 6,859 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, 28.3% were current or former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35286152/
5,391/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 1,407 surveyed 1 year after being tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=21.2%* & P=26.9%

274 positive: C=12.4%* & P=28.5%

*incl. 2 who quit due to infection

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
5,392/

Spain (tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 10% were former or current smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
5,393/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 872 with Covid-19, CS=24.8%

308 included in study: CS=29.4%

74 with long Covid: CS=19.7%

Note: all data self-reported

researchsquare.com/article/rs-144…
5,394/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,395/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 128 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.1% were current or former smokers

aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/JP…
5,396/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19, two had a smoking history (4.3%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-141…
5,397/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

CS=current smoker

Of ~146* hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=4.8%

150 matched controls hospitalized with influenza (2015-2019): CS=19.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-965…
5,398/

New York State, USA (adult male current smoking rate was 14.2% in 2020)

Of 2,319 males age 45+ with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers & 33.9% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,399/

Spain (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.2% in 2017)

Of 71 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 2.8% were current smokers & 33.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,400/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 58 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CS=10.3%

32 reported pain 3 months later: CS=9.4%*

*Apparently. Error in Table 4

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,401/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 154 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.6% were smokers & 11.7% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,402/

Argentina (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2017)

Of 987 tested for antibodies, 12.5% had a smoking history (not defined)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

387 positive 👇 Image
5,403/

Oklahoma, USA (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2020)

CPS=current/previous smoker

Of 48,317 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CPS=21.7%

1,652 hospitalized: CPS=29.4%

402 died: CPS=38.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,404/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 2,830 survey respondents (most age 65+), C=11.7% & P=40.8%

31* reported a history of Covid-19: C=22.6%* & P=22.6%*

*calculated
note: smoking data not always recent

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,405/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.8% in 2020)

Of 759 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.7% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,406/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 158 hospitalized for severe or critical Covid-19, CFS=22.2%

63 required invasive mechanical ventilation: CFS=28.6%

57 died: CFS=31.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,407/

Poland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

Of 288* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31.6% had a history of smoking

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,408/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 3,941 hospitalized because of Covid-19, 5.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,409/

Croatia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.5% in 2017)

Of 4,041 hospitalized Covid-19 patients, 5.8% were smokers (apparently current)

Undoubtedly mostly the same patients as in tweet 5,408

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,410/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 12,127 health care workers with Covid-19, S=1.2%

86 hospitalized: S=1.2%

33 died: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,411/

Bangladesh (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.3% in 2017)

Of 503 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.5% were smokers (not specified...)

'...the patients who had the habit of smoking were 75% less likely to have anxiety than the non-smokers'

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,412/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 10 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,413/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 238* hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=26.1%

100* ICU: S=22

30* mechanically ventilated: S=23.3%

*calcuated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,414/

Turkey (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.5% in 2017)

Of 248 with mild Covid-19 (not hospitalized), 25% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,415/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

SE=cigarette smoke exposure (not defined)

Of 73 age 18 or less with SARS-CoV-2 infection within 7 days of surgery, SE=12.3%

208 matched controls (age 18 or less not infected within 7 days of surgery), SE=7.2%

Continued
5,415a/

7 (from both groups combined) with pulmonary complications, SE=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,416/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 54 still alive 6 months after discharge from Covid-19 hospitalization, S=9.3%

30 non-severe: S=6.7%
24 severe: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,417/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 86 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.1% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,418/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 161 with Covid-19, 21.1% were smokers (apparently ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,419/

Denmark (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2017)

Of ~1,250* hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% were current smokers & 46.9%* were ex-smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,420/

Zambia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.7% in 2017)

C=current smoking (D=daily, S=sometimes)

Of 2,977 tested for antibodies, C=9.1% (D=4.6%, S=4.5%)

401 positive: C=7.7% (D=2.7%, S=5%)

aORs
D: 0.47 (0.25-0.90)
S: 1.09 (0.64-1.86)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,421/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

Of 1,071 hospitalized for Covid-19, 17.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,422/

Brazil (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.8% in 2017)

Of 565 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers & 20.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,423/

Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

smoking: C=current & X=ex

Of 401 nursing home & home healthcare workers tested for antibodies, C=28.4% & X=19.7%

45 positive: C=13.3% & X=22.2%

Continued Image
5,423a/

Of 471 other people tested for antibodies, C=21.7% & X=24.8%

19 positive: C=36.8% & X=26.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,424/

Apparently the same patients. This study didn't specify if current or ever 👎

S=(ever) smoking

310 Netherlands: S=18%
178 Belgium: S=25%
63 Germany: S=21%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,425/

Iran (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.9% in 2017)

Of 217 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.1% had a history of smoking (not clear if all of them were still smoking)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,426/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 33,460 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=35%

Note: includes ~1000 under age 18 (FCS=1.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,427/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 156* treated with CPAP while hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.2% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,428/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 52 with Covid-19 who were intubated after CPAP failed, 7.7% were smokers & 9.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,429/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (defined as "any tobacco use history" & "current or quit past <1 yr" in different places)

Of 2,507 hospitalized for Covid-19, T=25.3%

179* with thromboembolism: T=24%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aj…
5,430/

Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)

Of 60 outpatients with Covid-19, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,431/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (data collected once/individual from 2013 to 2020)

Of 1,524 who underwent cardiac catheterization in the past who were tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=36.9%

205 positive: S=28.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,432/

Illinois, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 11.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 351 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, T=9.1%

99 vaccinated before delivery (uninfected): T=4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,433/

Peru (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2017)

S="Smoking (daily/some)"

Of 290 health care personnel tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=11 (3.8%)

25 positive: S=1 (4%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,434/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 535 who recovered from Covid-19, C=2.6% & X=32.1%

331 w/ organ impairment: C=2.1% & X=30.8%

264 w/ persistent symptoms at follow-up months later: C=1.5% & X=33%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,435/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 333 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.1%

23 with venous thromboembolism: S=13%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-145…
5,436/

Mostly Europe

Of 2,158 dialysis patients or kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.5% were current tobacco users & 30.6% were prior tobacco users

All numbers calculated due to missing data

academic.oup.com/ckj/advance-ar…
5,437/

California, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 6.7% in 2019)

S=smoked during pregnancy

Of 43,808 pregnant individuals, S=3.8%

16,070 tested for SARS-CoV-2: S=4%

1,332 positive: S=4.5%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
5,437/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,299,724 veterans, C=22.2% & F=33.2%

181,283 with Covid-19 (survived): C=23.1% & F=34.1%

Note: 3 extra Covid patients appeared from somewhere. Where? 🤷‍♂️

thelancet.com/journals/landi…
5,438/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 551 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.8% were current smokers & 10.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,439/

Germany & Austria (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% & 29.9% in 2017)

Of 111 with active or subsided Covid-19 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy, 12.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,440/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 17 hospitalized with Covid-19-related acute ischemic strokes, 5.9% was a current smoker & 29.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,441/

India (current tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 11.9% in 2017)

Of 150 hospitalized with Covid-19, "A history of tobacco consumption was noted for 4.0% of the 150 patients"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,442/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 110,996 with Covid-19, N=16.7%

13,914 hospitalized: N=31%

Ohio 44.7%
Louisiana 44.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,443/

Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently history)

Of 355 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, S=40.6%

36 died within 30 days: S=58.3%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
5,444/

China (current smoking age 15+ was 26.6% in 2018)

S="Smoking or ever smoker"

Of 204 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.9%

311 (apparently) hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (negative for SARS-CoV-2): S=13.7%

aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mp…
5,445/

Lebanon (tobacco smoking rate age 15+ was 38.3% in 2015)

HS=history of smoking

Of 89 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19 infection, HS=52.8%

33 ICU: HS=57.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-139…
5,446/

Kenya (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.5% in 2017

Of 33 with Covid-19, 18.2% were current or ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,447/

New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.9% in 2019)

Of 739 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers & 28.3% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,448/

Spain

apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,449/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 362 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.8%* were current smokers

101 ICU and/or died: 17.8%* were current smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,450/

Qatar

Matched case/control study: "...our present study demonstrates an association between smoking and COVID-19 symptoms frequency in non-vaccinated patients."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,451/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 15 who required noninvasive mechanical ventilation in ICU with Covid-19, 6.7% was a smoker & 13.3% were ex-smokers ("quit smoking 40 and 20 years ago, respectively")

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,452/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

TH=tobacco history

Of 105 still alive 3 months after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19, TH=45.7%

37 with reduced exercise capacity: TH=37.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,453/

Egypt (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.4% in 2017)

Of 200 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, 25% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,454/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

S=smoking, T=smokeless tobacco ("history" appeared 8 times)

Of 367 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=6% & T=2.2%

217 positive: S=5.1% & T=2.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,455/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 86 hospitalized with Covid-19, 45.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,456/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=active/prior smoking

Of 287 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required oxygen, S=26.5%

61 oxygen only: S=11.5%
136 CPAP: S=31.6%
90 invasive mechanical ventilation: S=28.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,457/

Of 54 hospitalized because of Covid-19, 18.5% were smokers (17.9% reported) & 33.3% were ex-smokers

Not stated where; Poland looks most likely (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.7% in 2017)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,458/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 287 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory failure, S=13.2%

68 intubated in ICU and/or died: S=16.2% (16.1% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,459/

Chile (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 45% in 2017)

S=smoking (apparently active)

Of 1,141 with Covid-19, S=10.1%

119 ICU (presumably survived): S=12.2%

147 died: S=10.4%

scielo.cl/scielo.php?scr…
5,460/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 70 rheumatic disease patients with Covid-19, C=2.9% & F=38.6%

454 matched comparators (without RD, with Covid-19): C=7.9% & F=28.4%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
5,461/

Germany (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.4% in 2017)

Of 15 hospitalized with Covid-19, 53.3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,462/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 10,679,566 adults, SH=6.9%

391,964 diagnosed with Covid-19

"Smoking history...appears to be protective for COVID-19 outcomes for <65-year-olds in this study"

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…

ORs 👇 Image
5,463/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 46 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 12 were current or former smokers (26.1%)

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,464/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 1,076 w/ invasive mechanical ventilation or who died in hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CT=11.3%

5,426 controls hospitalized (tested negative for SARS-CoV-2): CT=19.1%
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
5,465/

Saudi Arabia (cigarette smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2018)

Of 257 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 19.1% were current smokers & 6.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,466/

Italy (current smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

Of 477 still alive one year after diagnosis with Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers & 20.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,467/

Japan (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.4% in 2017)

Of 2,195 hospitalized with Covid-19, 41% had a smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pd…
England

apparently the same patients

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

5,468/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)

Of 439 with moderate-to-severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 6.4% were current smokers & 11.4% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
5,469/

Mexico (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.3% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 105 who required mechanical ventilation while hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=48.6%

29 noninvasive: CS=96.6%
76 invasive: CS=30.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,470/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=smoking (cigarettes and shisha; probably current)

Of 686 who recovered from Covid-19 infection, S=16.6%

497 experienced symptoms after recovery: S=15.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,471/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,198 with Covid-19, 4.2% were current smokers & 37.9% were former smokers

Note: not specified where; authors from Illinois & Michigan

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,472/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 563 with hypertension in ICU with Covid-19, 41.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,473/

France (current smoking rate age 18-75 was 32% in 2018)
Belgium (current smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2018)
Switzerland (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.4% in 2017)

Of 2,137 in ICU with Covid-19, 4.1% were current smokers (4.2% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,474/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 862 w/ T1 diabetes & SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=31.2%

2,573 controls (infected, w/o T1D): CS=30%

Of 13,225 w/ T2 diabetes & infected, CS=41.2%

37,979 controls: CS=40.7%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,475/

Colombia (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2017)

Of 420 health care workers tested for antibodies, 4.5% were current smokers

97 positive: 3.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,476/

Greece (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.6% in 2017)

Of 141 still alive after being hospitalized for Covid-19, 12.1% were current smokers & 31.2% were ex-smokers

mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/3…
5,477/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 39.8% in 2020)

smoking: E=ever (probably current), F=former

Of 244 with Covid-19, E=15.6% & F=29.9%

233 matched uninfected controls: E=48.9% & F=13.3%

(OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.14–0.35, p < 0.001)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Italy

apparently the same patients as studies in tweets 3,101 & 3,547

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…



5,478/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 184 with hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,479/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 146 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.9% were active smokers & 15.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,480/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 144 with inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with Covid-19, "The cohort included 14% tobacco smokers and 10% cannabis users (either oil or smokers)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,481/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (L=less than 10 cigs/day, M=11-20, H=21+)

Of 15,166 survey respondents, S=13.2% (L=7.4%, M=4.3%, H=1.5%)

5,103 with self-reported Covid-19: S=16.1% (L=9.7%, M=4.9%, H=1.6%)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,482/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 12.4% in 2020)

Of 103 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 28.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,483/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 190 HC workers tested for antibodies, C=4.2% & F=12.1%

11 positive: C=9.1% & F=9.1%

173 tested 5 mos later: C=4.6% & F=11%

21 +ve: C=4.8% & F=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,484/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 126 hospitalized with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "8.5% were active smokers and 17.6% former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,485/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 65 who required supplemental oxygen while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.2% were current smokers & 40% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,486/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 123 people living with HIV with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=31.7%

43 asymptomatic: CS=30.2%
80 symptomatic: CS=32.5%

21 hospitalized: CS=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,487/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 121 hospitalized with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, 51.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,488/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 56 in ICU with Covid-19-associated respiratory distress, 39.3% were smokers or previous smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
5,489/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

PCS=prior or current smoker

Of 303 with cancer & Covid-19, PCS=30.7%

128 hospitalized and/or died: PCS=36.7%

21 died: PCS=46.7%

academic.oup.com/oncolo/advance…
5,490/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 3,389 with cancer & Covid-19, 48.6% were ever smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,491/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 136 with Covid-19, 47.8% were smokers (apparently ever)

However, in text, "smoking (N=9)" appears, which suggests 6.6% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-149…
5,492/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 33 in ICU with acute respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=24.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-148…
5,493/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of ~96* who recovered from Covid-19 pneumonia, 39% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,494/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 300 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=19%

12 died: S=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,495/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 504 people living with HIV tested for antibodies: SH=50%

52 positive: SH=40.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,496/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 405 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.1% were active smokers & 24.2% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,497/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 235 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, 11.1% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,498/

Bahrain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.5% in 2020)

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,499/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 67 with Covid-19 (C-19) & acute (myo)pericarditis (AMP), AS=6%

335 random controls w/ C-19 & w/o AMP: AS=6.6%

335 random controls w/ AMP & w/o C-19: AS=22.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,500/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,525 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS who required mechanical ventilation, CS=14.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,501/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

NA=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 Covid-19 ICU patients with invasive aspergillosis, NA=2 (8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,502/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 37 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19 pneumonia, 10.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
5,503/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,356 w/ presumed Covid-19 & at least 1 high-risk criterion for progression*, C=8% & F=12.3%

211 hosp'd (or should have been): C=5.8% & F=16.2%
nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

*👇 Image
5,504/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.3% in 2020)

S=former or current cigarette smoker

Of 32 hospitalized for COVID-19 w/ acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD), S=31.3%

36 matched controls hospitalized for acute CVD w/o C-19, S=47.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
United Arab Emirates

apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,505/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 43 hospitalised in critical patient care units with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=11.6%

7 died: S=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,506/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 260 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 11.2% were current smokers & 10.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,507/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 10 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, zero were smokers

Of 17 with influenza (8 or 9 hospitalized), 3 were smokers (17.6%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,508/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 273 in ICU with severe Covid-19, 4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA

same patients as in tweet 4,413

here it says an unspecified number with unknown status were counted as never smokers

Of 24 hospitalized, 20.8% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aj…

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

same patients

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were smokers & 5.4% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…

5,509/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 284 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=16.5%

63 ICU: S=25.4%

52 mechanical ventilation: S=25%

29 died: S=24.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
5,510/

countries (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ in 2020)
France (28.7%)
Belgium (20.4%)
Portugal (21%)
Austria (23.7%)
Luxembourg (20.4%)

Of 800* hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4% were current smokers & 14%* were former smokers

*calculated
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,511/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 141 with mild Covid-19, 31.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
5,512/

New York State, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 10% in 2020)

FCS=former/current smoking

Of 188 with gynecologic malignancy & SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=26.1%

103 hospitalized: FCS=31.1%

32 died: FCS=46.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,513/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 4,342 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,514/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 9,974 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers & 18.6% were former smokers or smokers with current status unknown

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,515/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU) who required supplementary oxygen, 16 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,516/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 396 with a history of Covid-19, S=8.6%

347 with post-Covid symptoms: S=7.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,517/

Ecuador, Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia & (mostly) Colombia

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,008 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.8%

1,074 ICU: S=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,518/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 142 with SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure who required invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU, ES=21.8%

34 died: ES=23.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,519/

Massachusetts & Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rates were 11.1% & 15.8% in 2020)

Of 60 still alive 4 months after receiving mechanical ventilation for Covid-19 in ICU, 18.3% were current tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,520/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 586 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.4%

193 age 65-79: S=6.7% (6.8% reported)
393 age 80+: S=1.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,521/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 25* in ICU with Covid-19, 24% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,522/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

CPS=current or past smoker

Of 1,711 age 65+ hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, CPS=6.3%

211 w/ new diagnosis of dementia or cognitive impairment within 1 year, CPS=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,523/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Apparently the same patients

smoker: C=current, P=past

Of 54 in ICU with Covid-19, C=5.6% & P=18.5%

37 died: C=8.3% & P=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,524/

California, USA

2,427,293 adults
44,270 had SARS-CoV-2 infection

smoking: C=current, F=former

aHR

infection: C=0.64, F=0.96
hospitalization: C=0.48, F=1.10
ICU: C=0.62
death: C=0.52, F=1.32

paywalled: will update if possible

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar… Image
5,525/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 139 hospitalized with Covid-19 who died, S=6.5%

275 matched controls (hospitalized with Covid-19 & survived): S=8.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update (5,524)

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

2,427,293 adults: C=6% & F=22.7%

44,270 with SARS-CoV-2: C=4.1% & F=19.5%

4,014 hospitalized: C=2.8% & F=33.9%

869 ICU: C=3.7% & F=36.5%

614 died: C=1.9% & F=47.9%
HRs ImageImage
5,526/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 525 with long Covid, C=2.3% & P=32.8%

102 with cardiac impairment at 6 months: C=4.9% & P=30.4%

19 (of the 102) hospitalized while infected: C=0 & P=26.3%

Continued
5,526a/

41 with ongoing cardiac impairment at 12 months: C=4.9% & P=19.5%

Note: error in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,527/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 450 hospitalized with Covid-19: CFS=51.1%

385 non-severe: CFS=49.9%
65 severe: CFS=58.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-150…
5,528/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 270 with autoimmune disease hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.1% & X=38.9%

3,805 matched controls without autoimmune disease hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.4% & X=32.6%

academic.oup.com/rheumatology/a…
5,529/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,263 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.7% & F=2.5%

157 with rheumatic symptoms following Covid-19, C=5.1% & F=1.9%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,530/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

smoking: E=ever (apparently current), F=former

Of 218 hospitalized with Covid-19, E=16.5% & F=31.2%

226 matched uninfected controls: E=49.1% & F=13.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,531/

South Carolina, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 182* tested for SARS-CoV-2, SH=70.9%

91* positive: SH=93.4%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,532/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 880 with Covid-19, C=6.7% & F=35.6%

71 with new-onset atrial arrhythmias: C=4.2% & F=57.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Mexico

finally peer reviewed & published

What I didn't report in 2020:

34 ICU: 32.4% were smokers (still not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,533/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 65 hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, C=3.1% & F=41.5%

17 with ARDS: C=5.9% & F=11.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,534/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 584 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=56% or 63.7% (error in Table 1)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,535/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 4,921 hospitalized trauma patients tested for Covid-19, 35.5% were current smokers

179 positive: 31.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,536/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 156 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=3.2%

70 moderate: CS=1.4%
86 severe: S=4.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,537/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,935 survey respondents with symptoms of Covid-19, S=20.8%*

1,493 tested: S=17.2%*

1,092 positive: S=14%

Notes:

*calculated
most in USA

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nm…
5,538/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 139 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 20.9% were former smokers

current smoking not mentioned

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,539/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 64 still alive at least 6 months after hospitalization with Covid-19, S=20 (31.3%)

but

of a subset of 56 of them, S=7 (12.5%)

???

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
5,540/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 122 with inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.6% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/adv…
5,541/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 103 prison inmates with Covid-19, 44.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,542/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 171 who had urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, S=34.5%

62 with Covid-19 infection: S=33.9%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
5,543/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.5% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 3,041 pregnant women, S=3.5%

SARS-CoV-2 infection status

77 presumed infected: S=1.3%
2,669 presumed uninfected: S=3.5%
295 uncertain: S=3.7%

academic.oup.com/humrep/advance…
5,544/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 167,664 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21.6%

263,039 random controls (untested or uninfected veterans): S=18.1%

Continued
5,544a/

161,629 in a subset of infected veterans: S=21.5%

5,016 died: S=19%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,545/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: A=active (≥10 cigarettes/day), F=former

Of 404 tested for SARS-CoV-2 after attending a superspreader event, A=19.1% & F=19.6%

186 positive: A=12.4% & F=24.2%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/4/e… Image
5,546/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

S=current cigarette smoking

Of 129 index Covid-19 cases, S=13.2%

368 household contacts (incl. kids): S=10.9%
220 infected: S=7.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,547/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,533,045 with Covid-19, S=5.9%

If all under age 21 excluded (and assumed nonsmokers), of 1,422,573 age 21+ with Covid-19, S=6.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,548/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 92 with mild Covid-19, 34.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,549/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

S=smoking

Of 1,811 survey respondents with history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.4%

'Do you consider yourself to have (or have had) Long Covid?'

293 yes: S=10.1%
1,288 no: S=5.7%
230 unsure: S=13%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,550/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 120 with long Covid, S=30.8%

36 (apparently uninfected) controls: S=44.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,551/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 286 with long Covid, "Sixty-four (22.4%) patients were current or former smokers"

"a smoking habit was an independent risk factor for slowing the recovery period from long COVID"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-154… Image
5,552/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 52 with mucormycosis associated with Covid-19, HS=15.4%

130 random controls (with Covid-19, no mucormycosis): HS=3.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-153…
5,553/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 352 hosp'd with Covid-19 with 1+ new nervous system presentation, S=2.6%

271 moderate: S=1.5%
29 severe: S=6.9%
52 critical: S=5.8%

48 died: S=10.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-155…
5,554/

Sweden & Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% & 19.6% in 2020)

Of 30 critically ill with moderate to severe ARDS induced by COVID-19, 3.3% was a current smoker (every day) & 33.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-149…
5,555/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 91 critically ill COVID–19 patients with respiratory failure in ICU, S=36.3%

46 died: S=17.4% (17.8% reported)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-155…
5,556/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 68 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia, "19.1% were current smokers"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-154…
5,557/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (probably ever)

Of up to 33* who required ECMO for ARDS associated with Covid-19, S=35.5%

*doesn't work out to whole number; missing data?

researchsquare.com/article/rs-153…
5,558/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 249,472 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=9.4% & P=30%

39,421 positive: C=6.6% & P=28.6%

2,605 hospitalized: C=6.8% & P=41.1%

Continued
5,558a/

581 ICU: C=4.5% & P=45.4%

496 died (all causes): C=5% & P=53%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,559/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 944 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, 31.3% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,560/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 430 with severe Covid-19, C=7.9% & X=25.6%

38 with thrombosis: C=10.5% & X=28.9%

Note: mostly or entirely Europe

researchsquare.com/article/rs-157…
5,561/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 49,923 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.7% & F=39%

37,255 severe: S=7.8% & F=40.9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
5,562/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 535 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41.1% had a tobacco smoking history

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,563/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 298 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.7% & X=29.2%

85 mild: S=9.4% & X=27.1%
135 moderate: S=8.1% & X=31.9%
78 severe: S=1.3% & X=26.9%

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9…
5,564/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (as of 2016-2019)

Of 2,266 born from 1994-1996, CS=20.2%

345 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=22.9%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,565/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 263,697 fully vaccinated VA patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, CFS=64.1%

39,109 positive

OR (CFS): 0.95 (0.93-0.97) p<0.001

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,566/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of ~3,375* with Covid-19, 29.7% had a history of smoking

*calculated due to apparent missing data

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,567/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 90 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=10%

67 positive: S=13.6%
24 negative: S=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,568/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 5,172 participants in a RCT tested for SARS-CoV-2, 21% were smokers

42 positive: 17.1% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
5,569/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 626 with active or a history of cancer tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=15.8% & F=36.4%

54 positive: S=20.4% & F=27.8%

31 symptomatic: S=12.9% & F=32.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,570/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult current smoking rates were 10.9% & 11.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,027 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=12.7%

908 ∆: S=15.6%
1,119 Ο: S=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,571/

Belgium, Italy, Austria, Germany & UK (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4%, 21.2%, 23.7%, 19.6% & 14.3% in 2020)

Of 218 critically ill with Covid-19, 9.2% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,572/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 9,379 with Covid-19, 17.5% were current smokers & 12.4% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,573/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 58,556 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=5.1%

3,325 positive: S=4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,574/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 367 hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure & treated with HFNC, CPAP or noninvasive ventilation, 4.4% were active smokers & 36% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,575/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 114,066 with asthma, C=10.1% & X=20.5%

826 with severe Covid-19: C=4.5% & X=26.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,576/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

TV="current or former use of tobacco, smokeless tobacco, or vape products"

Of 392 hospitalized with Covid-19, TV=20.2%

255 moderate or severe: TV=16.5%
137 critical: TV=27%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,577/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 225 with Covid-19, S=23.1%

192 non-severe: S=20.3%
33 severe: S=39.4%

25 died: S=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,578/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 87 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 25.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,579/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 213 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 11.7% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,580/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 746 veterans with cirrhosis & Covid-19, 22.8% were current smokers & 32.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,581/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 severely or critically ill with Covid-19 in ICU, S=15%

63 died: S=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,582/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 101 critically ill with Covid-19, 5.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,583/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 151 hospitalized with stroke, S=11.3%

42 of them with Covid-19: S=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,584/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 146 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 15.15 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,585/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 3,122 with Covid-19, C=4.5% & F=11.4%

223 with severe complication: C=5.4% & F=26.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,586/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

Of 108* age 60+ (most 75+) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,587/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.5% in 2020)

Of 895 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.9% were current smokers & 29.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,588/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 with COVID-19 pneumonitis and moderate to severe ARDS, S=44% (42% reported)

10 treated with ECMO: S=20% (18% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,589/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking or vaping: C=current (F=daily or frequently, O=sometimes rarely), P=past

Of 180 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=10% (F=3.3%, O=6.7%) & P=15.6%

Continued
5,589a/

106 adults: C=14.2% (F=4.7%, O=9.4%) & P=24.5%

74 children: C=4.1% (F=1.4%, O=2.7%) & P=2.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,584/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 146 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 15.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,585/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 3,122 with Covid-19, C=4.5% & F=11.4%

223 with severe complication: C=5.4% & F=26.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,586/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

Of 108* age 60+ (most 75+) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,587/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.5% in 2020)

Of 895 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.9% were current smokers & 29.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,588/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 with COVID-19 pneumonitis and moderate to severe ARDS, S=44% (42% reported)

10 treated with ECMO: S=20% (18% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,589/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking or vaping: C=current (F=daily or frequently, O=sometimes rarely), P=past

Of 180 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=10% (F=3.3%, O=6.7%) & P=15.6%

Continued
5,589a/

106 adults: C=14.2% (F=4.7%, O=9.4%) & P=24.5%

74 children: C=4.1% (F=1.4%, O=2.7%) & P=2.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,590/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 11 hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 3 were previous smokers (27.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,591/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 72 in ICU for Covid-19-induced pneumonia, 26.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,592/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 58 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 8.6% were current smokers & 22.4% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,593/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 22,604 tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=34.5%

4,917 positive: ES=21.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,594/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 266* who had Covid and recovered but had exertional dyspnea, 10.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*Note: 262 total; don't know where the other 4 came from

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,595/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

Of 67 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurologic manifestations, 50.7% were smokers & 13.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,596/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 389 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=4.5%

126 ICU and/or died: CS=5.6%*

83 died: CS=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

same patients (still not specified)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,597/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 1,785 tested for antibodies, CS=30.4%

96 positive: CS=19.8%

OR=0.23 (0.13-0.41)

Much more here; smoking was focus

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

same patients

195 with gastrointestinal symptoms: 10.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,598/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 73 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 8.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,599/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 182 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.2% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,600/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

TS =trivial (current) smoker (non-trivial smoking not mentioned)

Of 13,807 with TD diabetes diagnosed w/ Covid-19, TS=41.7%

39,583 matched controls (w/o T2D diagnosed w/ Covid-19): TS=40.8%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,601/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 248 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=14.5% & F=1.2%

60 asymptomatic: C=16.7% & F=3.3%
161 non-severe: C=14.3% & F=0.6%
27 severe: C=11.1% & F=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,602/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 489 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with secondary bacterial infections, 34.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,603/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 455 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required mechanical ventilation, S=25.7%

331 invasive: S=25.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,604/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 95 with inflammatory bowel disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=30.5%

190 matched controls (with IBD, uninfected): AS=22.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,605/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 124 with a history of heart failure hospitalized with Covid-19, S=39.5%

236 with a history of heart failure without Covid-19: S=39%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,606/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 175,820 with Covid-19, C=11.3% & P=10.8%

552,469 matched uninfected controls: C=18.4% & P=12.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,607/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~615* with Covid-19, S=6%

~217* died: S=4.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,608/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

Of 20 who survived after intubation in hospital with severe or critical Covid-19, zero had a smoking habit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,609/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 408* hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,610/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 34 who recovered after being hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, 29.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,611/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently previous & active)

Of 197 hospitalized due to moderate or severe pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, S=37.1%

65 moderate: S=36.9%
132 severe: S=37.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,612/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 177 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=10.2% & F=23.7%

52 died: C=15.4% & F=21.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,613/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 1,196 hospital workers tested for antibodies, C=16.6% & P=29.1%

110 positive: C=7.3% & P=20%

ORs
C: 0.38 (0.18 to 0.79)
P: 0.57 (0.35 to 0.93)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,614/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~5,960* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.5%

~449* died: S=10.7%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,615/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 97 hospitalized for Covid-19 & discharged alive, 43.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,616/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 594 age 50+ diagnosed with Covid-19, AS=11.3%

218 hospitalized: AS=11.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,617/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.5% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 45 in ICU with Covid-19, CFS=31.1%

17 died: CFS=35.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,618/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 213,583 (age 65+ and/or deemed clinically extremely vulnerable) with a positive Covid-19 test, 13% were current smokers & 31.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,619/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 21 with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia and Covid-19, 57.1% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,620/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 449 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.9% were current smokers & 31.4% were ex-smokers

Note: mostly Europe

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,621/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 100 still alive 1 month after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, "Except one, all were non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,622/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 51 with persistent or new-onset dyspnea more than 6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 39.2% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,623/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

Of ~366* adults hospitalized for Covid-19, 5.2%* were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,624/

England, UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=during pregnancy, X=ex

Of 59 with SARS-CoV-2 placentitis, C=1.7% or 3.4% (reported once as 1 & once as 2) & X=1.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,625/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.8% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 157 still alive after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=24.2%

68 with post-Covid fatigue: S=29.4%
19 (of the 68) w/ extreme fatigue: S=36.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,626/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 10 Covid-19 patients with at least one neurological symptom, 20% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,627/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 15 with organizing pneumonia following Covid-19 infection, 33.3% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,628/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 85 hospitalized with pneumonia due to Covid-19, 3.5% were smokers & 29.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,629/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 189 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "5.8% were active smokers and 23.8% former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,630/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 52 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,631/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 196 people experiencing homelessness who were isolated in a Covid-19 hotel after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 39.8% were current smokers & 1.5% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35442479/
5,632/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,335,028 with Covid-19, 22.7% were current or former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ac…
5,633/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 1,159 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.5% were active tobacco users & 14.8% were past tobacco users

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/os…
5,634/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 117 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 6.8% were smokers & 39.3% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/re…
5,635/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.5% in 2020)

Of 41 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were placed on ECMO for refractory acute respiratory failure, 22% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
5,636/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 12 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,637/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 198 diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-156…
5,638/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 168 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.2% were tobacco users

27 worsened or died: 3.7% was a tobacco user

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-155…
5,639/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 27 in ICU with COVID-19 related moderate to severe respiratory failure, 2 were smokers (7.4%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-157…
5,640/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, Q=quit

Of 26 hospitalized with acute COVID-19 associated arterial thrombosis, A=1 (3.8%) & Q=10 (38.5%)

8 died: A=0 & Q=4 (50%)

7 w/ amputation: A=0 & Q=3 (42.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,641/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,985 still alive 5 months after acute Covid-19, C=1.8% & X=43.5%

1 year data doesn't make sense to me

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,642/

Somalia (daily smoking rates: male=13.1% & female=1.6% in 2015)

Of 46 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 32.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,643/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 656 hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 19 (2.9%) patients were smokers"

132 died: 0.8% was a smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,644/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19 with deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism, AS=0

76 matched controls (hospitalized with Covid-19 w/o DVT or PE): AS=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,645/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 766 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=20.4% & P=22.6%

264 positive: C=27.7% & P=21.6%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ir…
5,646/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 119 with pneumonia tested for SARS-CoV-2, 77.3% were never smokers

54 positive: 85.2% were never smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
5,647/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 82 with with post-COVID symptoms, 17.1% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an…
5,648/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 53 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=9.4% & F=18.9%

or possibly (error in Table 1?)

Of 63 hospitalized... C=7.9% & F=15.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,649/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 97 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.4% were current smokers

34 showed detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces: 23.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,650/

UK, Italy & Spain

FCS=former/current smokers

Of 147 with a history of malignancy diagnosed with Covid-19 who survived, FCS=43.5%

25 with long-term sequelae: FCS=68%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,651/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (apparently history)

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=54.1%
75 with tuberculosis too: S=62.7%

74 severe: S=47.3%
38 with TB: S=57.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,652/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 176* hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=39 (22.2%)

14 died: CS=1 (7.1%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,653/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking, F=former smoking

Of 526 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.7% & F=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,654/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 105 Covid-19 patients placed on ECMO, S=3.8%

200 non-Covid-19 patients placed on ECMO (2014-2021): S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,655/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 222* intubated in ICU with Covid-19, 18% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,656/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 341,499 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,657/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

C=current, F=former
SV=smoker/vaper, CT=chewing tobacco

Of 2,314 with post-acute sequelae after confirmed or suspected Covid-19:
CSV=6.1%
FSV=21.8%
CCT=0.4%
FCT=0.7%

Continued
5,657a/

1,249 confirmed:
CSV=5.4%
FSV=20.4%
CCT=0.5%
FCT=0.8%

mostly USA

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Philippines

same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

5,658/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,106 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=24.9%

271 ICU: SH=22.5%

271 died: SH reported at 52 (36.6%). If true, there was data for only ~142 deaths

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,659/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 335 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=51.9%

69 non-severe: CFS=43.5%
166 severe: CFS=53%
100 critical: CFS=56

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,660/

Somalia (daily smoking rates: male=13.1% & female=1.6% in 2015)

S=smoking (described as both current & history in different places)

Of 230 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=2 (0.9%)

43 ICU: S=2 (4.7%)

45 died: S=1 (2.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,661/

USA

e-cigarette use: C=current, F=former

Of 126,475 individuals, C=0.6% & F=2.9%

3,219 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=1% & F=4.3%

"...e-cigarette use is not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 illness."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,662/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 288 Covid-19 survivors age 50+, ES=36.8%

205 hospitalized: ES=44.9%

127 ICU: ES=52%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,663/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 205 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CFS=28.8%

97 ICU: CFS=27.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,664/

Jamaica (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

Of 276 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.6% were current smokers & 14.1% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,665/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 39 intubated in hospital with Covid-19, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-158…
5,666/

California & Colorado, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% & 12.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current (D=daily, S=some days), F=former

Of 126 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.6% (D=5.6%, S=0) & F=14.3%

Continued
5,666a/

304 household contacts: C=4.6% (D=3.3%, S=1.3%) & F=5.9%

137 infected: C=3.6% (D=3.6%, S=0) & F=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,667/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S="current smoking history" 🤷‍♂️

Of 355 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=40.3%

52 with organ failure: S=76.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35484484/
5,668/

Europe

Of 3,065 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.7% were current smokers & 16.8% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ue…
5,669/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 100 who recovered from mild or moderate Covid-19, 8 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,670/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 100 post-Covid patients, 18 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,671/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 192,182 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.3% were billed for smoking deterrent medications (or their insurance was)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,672/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 243 with moderate-to-severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia treated w/ noninvasive mech. vent'n, 8.2% were current smokers & 16% were former smokers
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,673/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 222 health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, S=12.2%

147 symptomatic: S=8.8%
75 asymptomatic: S=18.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,674/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 630 hospitalized with acute respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 29.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,675/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 2,198 Covid-19 survivors, 16.4% had a smoking history

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,676/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 70 end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis with Covid-19, CS=1.4%

37 mild or moderate: CS=2.7%
33 severe or critical: CS=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,677/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 212 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=14.2%

30 with septic shock: SH=26.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,678/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 568 detained in jail with Covid-19, 48.1% were current smokers

45 hospitalized: 33.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,679/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,171 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=14.8% & F=13.5%

81 positive: C=4.9% & F=6.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,680/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

Of 576 with a previous infection with Covid-19, 26.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35497894/ Image
5,681/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 24 with severe asthma and COVID-19 infection, zero were current smokers & 3 were ex-smokers (12.5%)

6 hospitalized: 1 was an ex-smoker (16.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/al…
5,682/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 305 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), "4.6% (n = 14) of participants reported being smokers"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/od…
5,683/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 121 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.5% were active smokers

26 died: 23.1% were active smokers

aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nc…
5,684/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 131 with COVID-19 who were placed on ECMO, 3.8% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
5,685/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 352 with Covid-19, S=4.8% (5.1% reported)

177 hospitalized: S=5.1%

29 died: S=13.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,686/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 25,373 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.8% were ever smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,687/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 14,221 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers

1,989 died: 6.5% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lance…
5,688/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 405 with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, 3% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,689/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 2,777,768 (mostly) veterans, C=29.5% & F=33.2%

126,710 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=25.7% & F=35.3%

12,418 hospitalized: C=29.9% & F=40.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,690/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (apparently current)

Of 442 in ICU with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2, S=8.1%

192* died: S=7.8%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,691/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,104 who died with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19.9% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,692/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

Of 7,461 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 0.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/uo…
5,693/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 266,838 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.8% were current smokers & 31.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,694/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 53 with rheumatic diseases who survived Covid-19, 18.9% were active smokers

36 with post-Covid syndrome: 8.3% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35506317/
5,695/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=present, F=previous

Of 195 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9.7% & F=40.5%

46 critical: C=13% & F=63%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35505306/
5,696/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 300 hospitalized due to (non-critical) Covid-19 pneumonia, 5.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,697/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 33.5% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use
LBP=low back pain

Of 878 survey respondents: CT=38.8%
176 with LBP: CT=46.6%

439 of them previously infected by SARS-CoV-2, CT=44.9%
107 with LBP: CT=45.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
5,698/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,440 hospitalized with severe mental illness tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=29.1%

664 positive: S=25.9%

OR: 0.75 (0.60-0.94)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
5,699/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

TV=at least some tobacco/vaping use 🤷‍♂️

Of 4,499 Covid-19 survivors, TV=8.8%

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
5,700/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 37 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=59.5%

11 ICU (all died): S=45.5%

20 healthy controls: S=0

biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,701/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 657 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=19.9%

24 with conditions listed below: HS=20.8%

Note: an unspecified number with missing data were counted as never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,702/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 3,984 with Covid-19, C=10.4% & P=18.6%

756 hospitalized: C=10.4% & P=24.5%

146 ICU: C=12.3% & P=27.4%

58 ventilated: C=8.6% & P=25.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,703/

Luxembourg (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 452 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=17% & F=18.6%

59 asymptomatic: C=20.3% & F=22%
287 mild: C=16.7% & F=19.2%
106 moderate: C=16% & F=15.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,704/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 572 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with severe Covid-19-related ARDS, 20.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,705/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 85* with Covid-19, C=9.4% & F=23.5%

62 hospitalized: C=6.5% & F=29%

34 ICU: C=8.8% & F=32.4%

*smoking status numbers exceed total included (60)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,706/

Honduras, Paraguay, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, and Costa Rica

Of 367 pregnant and postpartum women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test who died of any cause, 0.3% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,707/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 27,903 who tested positive for Covid-19, 13.8% were current smokers & 43.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,708/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 195 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 18.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,709/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 211 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10%

88 ICU, mechanical ventilation and/or death: S=10.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,710/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 401 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=45.1%

63 died: S=60.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,711/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 50 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=12%

10 asymptomatic: S=0
11 mild: S=45.5%
13 moderate: S=7.7%
16 severe: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,712/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 306 (>90% male) hospitalized with Covid-19, 84.3% were smokers & 6.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,713/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 232 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40.5% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,714/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51* presenting to a hospital for various reasons, S=27.5%

29* with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=17.2%
8* severe: S=12.5%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,715/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 30 with severe Covid-19, 30% had a smoking history

13 died: 38.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,716/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 957 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.2%

315 severe: S=5.7%

112 died: S=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,717/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.8% in 2019)

Of 854 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.6% were active smokers & 26.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,718/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 2,548 Arab-American adults tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=24.3%

741 positive: ES=19%

111 hospitalized: ES=19.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,719/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 710 outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.3% were current smokers & 29.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,720/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 267 with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed with Covid-19, S=6.7%

54 hospitalized: S=3.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,721/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 270 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=14.1% & X=10.4%

38 died: C=15.8% & X=13.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,722/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 121 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 9.1% were current smokers & 39.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,723/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 58 with persistent or progressive respiratory symptoms after COVID-19, C=3.4% & F=34.5%

22 had been hospitalized due to Covid-19: C=0 & F=45.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,724/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 54 with Covid-19 pneumonia, 46% were never smokers

Of 65 with COVID‐19 pneumonia‐like diseases, 46% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,725/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 20 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, "There were 6 smokers (60%) in the patient group."

Notes:

6/20 is 30%; discrepancy not explained
not specified...

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,726/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 24 hospitalized with Covid-19, 45.8% were smokers

15 uninfected controls: 20% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

academic.oup.com/mutage/advance…
5,727/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 966 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=27.3%

855 hospitalized: S=30.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,728/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 311 outpatients age 50+ with mild to moderate Covid-19, S=10.3% & F=19.3%

141 Δ: S=5.7% & F=22.7%
170 Ο: S=14.1% & F=16.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,729/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12.4% in 2020)

Of 336 hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic COVID-19, 5.7% were current smokers & 12.8% were former smokers

Note: an unspecified number with unknown status counted as never smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-152…
5,730/

Panama (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 5.1% in 2020)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 262* in ICU with ARDS associated with Covid-19, S=6.1%*

132* died: S=7.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,731/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 5,745 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.5% were smokers

1,173 died: 4.6% were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,732/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 152 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=7.2%

79 with respiratory failure: S=7.6%

39 died: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,733/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 105 with schizophrenia hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 66.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,734/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,179 with COVID-19 & history of cancer, C=12.6% & F=31.6%

926 symptomatic: C=13.1% & F=32.4%

714 hospitalized: C=13.2% & F=35.9%

296 died: C=16.2% & F=39.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,735/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SA="smokers and addicts"

Of 1,113 hospitalized with Covid-19, SA=9.9%

612 with gastrointestinal symptoms: SA=9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,736/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 18 who underwent surgical tracheostomy or thoracic surgical intervention while on ECMO support for COVID-19 related ARDS, "All 18 patients were non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,737/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 2,898 tested for antibodies, 17.8% were current smokers

OR (positivity): 0.80 (not significant)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,738/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current (L=light, M=moderate, H=heavy) & F=former

Of 7,979,472 individuals, C=17.6% (L=13.7%, M=2.7%, H=1.2%) & F=22.4%

Continued
5,738a/

32,288 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive: C=8.3% (L=6.4%, M=1.2%, H=0.7%) & F=33.8%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…
5,739/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,188 still alive 2 years after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were current cigarette smokers & 10.4% were former cigarette smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
5,740/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 45,771 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.5%

4,563 of them living with HIV: CS=8.7%

1,133 (of the 4,563) died: CS=9.5%

thelancet.com/journals/lanhi…
5,741/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

CXS=current and ex-smokers

Of 477 with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, CXS=52.2%

81 hospitalized with Covid-19: CXS=60.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,742/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 83 maintenance dialysis patients with Covid-19, 4.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,743/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 90 with Covid-19, S=45.6%

50 matched controls (presumably uninfected): S=42%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,744/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoker

Of 392 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-Cov-2, CS=13%

159 positive: CS=5.7%
24 negative, but deemed to have Covid-19: CS=4.2%
209 negative: CS=19.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,745/

Iran (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 1.2% in 2020)

Of 15 pregnant patients who died due to COVID‐19, 6.7% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,746/

USA, Denmark, Greece & Germany

Of 1,686 hospitalized for Covid-19, 35.8% had a history of tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,747/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 3,934 with Covid-19 infection, 7.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,748/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

Of 43 with inflammatory rheumatic diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, zero were current smokers (apparently) & 2.3% was a former smoker

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
5,749/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 216 with Covid-19, C=4.6% & F=26.9%

126 hospitalized: C=6.3% & F=29.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,750/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking, T=smokeless tobacco (not clear if current or ever)

Of 422 health care workers with Covid-19, S=5.2% & T=2.6%

268 symptomatic: S=5.2% & T=1.1% Image
5,751/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 109 who required any form of respiratory support while hospitalized with Covid-19, 22% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,752/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 132 treated with HFNC for severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 32.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,753/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 133 treated with HFNC while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,754/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 29 with respiratory symptoms ~4 weeks after acute Covid-19, "Only eight patients were smokers (27.6%)" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,755/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 50 age 18 to 65 hospitalized with Covid-19, 32% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,756/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=frequent smoking

Of 164 health care workers, S=21.3%

88 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=11.4%

59 with olfactory symptoms: S=10.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,757/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 198 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=2.5% & F=43.9%

106 required supplemental oxygen: C=1.7% & F=36.7%

38 ICU: C=2.6% & F=57.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,758/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

Of 80 who reported long Covid, "Forty participants (50%) never smoked."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,759/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,143 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.5%

236 with acute venous thromboembolism: S=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,760/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 61 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.4% were current smokers & 18% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,761/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 205 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,762/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 186 invasively mechanically ventilated in ICU with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 3.8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,763/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 455 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "166 (36.5%) patients were current or former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,764/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 43 hospitalized with COVID-19-related pneumonia, "Thirteen patients (30.3%) were either actual smokers (n = 6; 14%) or former smokers (n = 7; 16.3%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,765/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 155 with long Covid, S=1.9% & F=18.1%

54 had been hospitalized for Covid-19: S=0 & F=22.2%

94 Covid-free controls: S=0 & F=100%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,766/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 245 with multiple sclerosis tested for antibodies, C=23.7% & F=20%

51 positive: C=17.6% & F was not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,767/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 585 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,768/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smokers

Of 54* older than age 65 hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=25.9%

4 died in hospital: CFS=25%

"...most of them were former users (data not shown)"

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,769/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 555* hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 41.6%* had a smoking history

Not clear if data was missing for 3 patients. If yes, numbers are 552 & 41.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,770/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 66,494 hospitalized with Covid-19, 32.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,771/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 1,808 hemodialysis patients diagnosed w/ Covid-19, 2.2% were current smokers & 6.9% were previous smokers

Note: numbers in tables don't agree. Percentages could be slightly higher
researchsquare.com/article/rs-157…
5,772/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,931* Covid-19 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, 31.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35581612/
5,773/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 159 hospitalized for severe Covid-19, 5% were active smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rt…
5,774/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 101 or 102 still alive at least one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, FCS=34.3% or 34.7%

34 with symptoms: FCS=34%

calculated: apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,775/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 360 who recovered from Covid-19, 60.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,776/

USA (adult male current smoking rate was 16.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 6,250,417 male veterans, C=27.2% & F=49.6%

248,264 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=32.7% & F=53.2%

27,728 positive: C=24% & F=58.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,777/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 2,153 in ICU with Covid-19, 28.9% were current or former smokers ("does not include vaping or smoking of non-tobacco products")

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,778/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 90 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,779/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 177,133 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=9.3%

51,633 positive: S=8.5%

5,332 died: S=9.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,780/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,318 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.6%

1,112 died: S=6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,781/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 172 in ICU with Covid-19 who survived, 4.1% were current smokers & 41.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,782/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 262 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50.8% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,783/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 56 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.8% was a smoker

14 with severe outcome: 7.1% was a smoker

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,784/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 261 hospitalized with pneumonia & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=13.8%

72 intubated and/or died: S=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,785/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 44 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.5% & F=15.9%

10 required oxygen (non-ICU): C=0 & F=20%

5 ICU: C=0 & F=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,786/

England, UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.1% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 4,277 pregnant women hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9.4%

3,690 mild/moderate: CS=9.7%
587 severe: CS=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,787/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

Of 571 hospitalized with Covid-19, 31.2% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,788/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 23 in ICU with severe Covid-19, SH=34.8%

13 required invasive oxygen therapy: SH=23.1%

HR for death (SH): 0.23 (0.03-1.81) p=0.16

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,789/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 11 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were smokers & 2 were ex-smokers (18.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,790/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 3,859 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=22.9%

191 positive: S=14.1%

adjusted OR=0.6, 95%CI [0.4-0.9], p=0.019

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,791/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

1. Of 87 Covid-19 survivors with pulmonary fibrosis, S=34.5%

2. Of 142 Covid-19 patients, S=8.5%

3. Of 10 with pneumothorax associated with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=20%

Continued
5,791a/

4. Of 44 who recovered from moderate to severe COVID-19 with new onset cavitary lung lesions, 27.3% were ever smokers

5. Of 89 post-Covid patients, S=74.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,792/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 358* who recovered from moderate to severe COVID-19, 16.2% were ever smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,793/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 91 neuroimmunology patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.3% were current smokers & 12.1% were previous smokers

10 severe-critical: 10% was an ever smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,794/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 61 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9.8% & F=41%

54 healthy controls: C=13% & F=27.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,795/

(apparently) Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 29 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 44.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,796/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 1,201* with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to quarantine hospitals, 59.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*total patients in study was 1,200

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,797/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,346 Chinese individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=12.3% & F=1.7%

1,099 acquired in China: C=12.6% & F=1.9%
247 imported: C=10.9% & F=0.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,798/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 364 who recovered from Covid-19 pneumonia, S=44%

152 severe: S=45.4%

100 healthy controls: S=43%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,799/

UK, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain

Of 941,802 diagnosed with Covid-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,800/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 23 on ECMO for refractory ARDS associated with Covid-19, zero were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,801/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 259 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.7% were current smokers & 33.2% were former smokers

S=smoking (not specified...)

23 visited ER: S=4.3%
10 hospitalized: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,802/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

tobacco smoking (cigarettes, waterpipes, medwakh & cigars): C=current, X=ex

Of 7,406 with Covid-19, C=11% & X=19.2%

1,738 hospitalized: C=5.7% & X=24.6%

629 severe: C=2.5% & X=24.6%

Continued
5,802a/

smokeless tobacco use (sweika/paan): C=current, X=ex

Of 7,323 with Covid-19, C=3.2% & X=4%

1,657 hospitalized: C=3,4% & X=5.4%

551 severe: C=5.3% & X=8.2%

Continued
5,802b/

e-cigarette use: C=current, X=ex

Of 7,305 with Covid-19, C=0.6% & X=2.5%

1,652 hospitalized: C=0.5% & X=2%

546 severe: C=0 & X=0.9%

passive exposure data too

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
5,803/

Turkey (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.8% in 2020)

Of 156 males age 18 to 65 hospitalized (non-ICU) for Covid-19, 55.1% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

update

S=smoking (apparently history), C=current S

Of 934 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.6% & C=3.2%

559 with gastrointestinal symptoms: S=3.6% & C=2.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-157…

Same 👇

5,804/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 533 STEMI patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.4% were current smokers & 27% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,805/

CS=current smoking

Democratic Republic of the Congo (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.6% in 2020)

Of 262 w/ Covid-19, CS=1.5%

South Sudan (18+ daily tobacco use was ~9% in 2016)

Of 253 w/ C-19, CS=6.7%

DRC & SSD: 146 hosp'd: CS=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,806/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 149 hospitalized for Covid-19 & discharged alive, 7.4% were smokers & 30.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,807/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=previous

Of 34 with acute limb ischemia while hospitalized for Covid-19, C=14.7% & P=38.2%

74 with ALI requiring surgery pre-pandemic: C=39.2% & P=25.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,808/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N="Personal History of Nicotine Dependence"

Of 767 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while hospitalized, N=21.6 to 21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,809/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

CS=current smoking

Of 548 dialysis patients with Covid-19, CS=23.4%

275 hospitalized: CS=24.4%

134 ICU: CS=26.9%

83 intubated: CS=28.9%

147 died: CS=33.3%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35594312/
5,810/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 49 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 16.3% were current smokers & 8.2% were past smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jc…
5,811/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 638 with diabetes diagnosed with Covid-19, 6.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,812/

Peru (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2020)

Of 301 hospitalized for Covid-19, 6.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,813/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

S=smoking, T=tobacco use (used interchangeably but different numbers 🤷‍♂️; not specified if current or ever)

Of 250 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=24% & T=23.6%

65 intubated: S=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,814/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 305 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=8.5% & X=17%

39 ICU: A=10.3% & X=28.2%

23 died: A=8.7% & X=43.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,815/

Sweden & Norway (est. female current current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.6% & 15% in 2020)

S=smoking (during early pregnancy)

Of 203,884 pregnant women: S=4.6%

2,979 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=3.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,816/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 701 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20.3%

261 died: S=20.7%

25 alive with persistent symptoms: S=24%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,817/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 17,764 tested for antibodies, S=11.9%

2,810 positive

aOR (smoker): 0.550 (0.424–0.712) p=0.001

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,818/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 4,930 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.5% were current or former smokers

Note: MSHS

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,819/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

TE=tobacco exposure (not defined)

Of 191 with Covid-19, TE=27.7%

76 died: TE=34.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,820/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 614 still alive at least 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.1% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-163…
5,821/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 56 with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-164…
5,822/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 327 still alive at least 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.7% were "smokers"* (not specified if current or ever)

*incl. cigarette, e-cigarette, or Hookah

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,823/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 690,160 medicare outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=12%

Of 576,885 (mostly privately-insured) outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
5,824/

Mexico (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 148 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=4.7%

56 with hypertensive disease of pregnancy: S=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,825/

UK, Spain & Italy

Of 1,778 with cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 50.7% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,826/

Germany (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

Of 15 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & 15 uninfected controls (all male professional athletes), all were non-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,827/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,052 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=41.5%

83 asymptomatic: S=47%
825 mild: S=42.7%
65 moderate: S=35.4%
79 severe/critical: S=29.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
5,828/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 169 with Covid-19, 14.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
5,829/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 194 hospitalized with hematologic malignancies and confirmed COVID-19 infection, HS=18%

92 died: HS=13%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
5,830/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 193 hospital employees with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.9% were smokers & 4.7% were vapers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11…
5,831/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 378 outpatients diagnosed with Covid-19, 7.9% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
5,832/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,833/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 236 in ICU for Covid-19, T=4.7%

86 with myocardial injury, mechanical ventilation and/or who died: T=5.5%

57 died: T=7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35613193/
5,834/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

S=tobacco smoking, E=e-cigarette (mutually exclusive; not specified if current or ever)

Of 24,188 survey respondents, S=10% & E=3.9%

2,208 with "probable" Covid-19, S=10.1% & E=5.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-163…
5,835/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 63 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-164…
5,836/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 352 still alive 15 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.5% & F=10.2%

280 non-severe: C=7.9% & F=7.9%
72 severe: C=1.4% & F=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,837/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,183,027 adults, C=16.4% & F=61.5%

2,973 with Covid-19-related deaths: C=7.9% & F=72.8%

Note: HRs suggest that the numbers for former & never smokers might have been reversed

Continued
5,837a/

Of the 1,183,027:

106,720 with confirmed Covid-19: C=10.2% & F=62.2%

2,824 with Covid-19-related deaths: C=7.7% & F=72.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,838/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 744 people living with HIV hospitalized with Covid-19, C=14.4% & F=29.8%

1,377 matched controls (HIV-negative, hosp'd with C-19): C=7% & F=23%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,839/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 83 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 32.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

"smokers had a 2-fold increase in the risk of death compared to non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,840/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 415 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.6% were current smokers

OR (severe COVID-19 progression): 1.010

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35616179/
5,841/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 290 with long Covid-19, 6.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,842/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,568 aircraft carrier crew, AS=36.2%

999 with confirmed Covid-19: AS=32.3%

130 asymptomatic: AS=40%
844 (non-severe) symptomatic: AS=32%
25 severe: AS=4%

Continued
5,842a/

"Active smoking was associated with reduced infection...(ORa): 0.57"

"Active smoking was inversely associated with severe COVID-19 (ORa: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.01–0.57)"

eurosurveillance.org/content/10.280…

Same as tweet 529 but confirmed cases only

5,843/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 33 hospitalized with Covid-19:

2 were smokers (6.1%)

5 were ex-smokers (15.2%; 21.21% reported, apparently in error)

2 were vapers (6.1%; smoking history not reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,844/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 61 in ICU with Covid-19, "One-third of the patients had a history of smoking (32.8%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,845/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 250 with BMI of 25+ hospitalized with Covid-19, S=51.6%

113 matched controls (BMI of 18.5-24.9 hospitalized with Covid-19): S=38.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,846/

Germany & Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% & 23.7% in 2020)

Of 224 mechanically ventilated in ICU due to severe Covid-19, 25.4% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,847/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 270 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=13.7%

27 required mechanical ventilation: S=14.8%

24 died: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,848/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 398 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=25.6%

179 of their close contacts who tested negative: CS=22.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,849/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if curent or ever)

Of 977 tested for antibodies, S=19.5%

"Being a smoker (OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.18–0.72)) was negatively associated with having...antibodies"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,850/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 26 still alive 6 months after discharge from ICU with Covid-19, AS=38.5%

26 healthy controls: AS=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,851/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 62 frontline health workers who tested positive for Covid-19, C=6.5% & P=8.1%

15 with long Covid-19: C=0 & P=20%

Note: errors in Tables 1 & S2

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,852/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

SH=cigarette smoking history

Of 202 admitted to Covid-19 treatment centers, SH=1%

80 severe: SH=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,853/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

Of 218 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.7% were current smokers & 25.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,854/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 38 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 who had pneumomediastinum, 2.6% was a smoker & 21.1% were ex-smokers

Note: error in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,855/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 158 with Covid-19, 10.8% were ever* smokers & 36.1% were former smokers

*presumably current

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,856/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 23 critically ill in ICU infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM, "4 (17.4%) were heavy smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,857/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 22 with long-term symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, "No patients were current smokers, however 3 had previously smoked" (13.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,858/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 514 with symptoms suggesting COVID-19, ES=42.2%

191 with Covid-19: ES=30.4%
115 hospitalized: ES=33.9%

323 with other infections: ES=49.2%
141 hosp'd: ES=61%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,859/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 119 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5%

83 mild-moderate: S=4.8%
36 severe-critical: S=5.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-169…
5,860/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 50 who died after hospitalization in ICU with Covid-19, 44% were current smokers & 20% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-169…
5,861/

(apparently) Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 34 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 32.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,862/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 109,213 with SARS-CoV-2 deemed to be at high risk for progression to severe Covid-19, 24.4% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-170…
5,863/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 5,386 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 6% were current smokers & 30.6% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanep…
5,864/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 322 health care workers who recovered from Covid-19, 18% were current smokers & 6.8% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,865/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 325* with mild to moderate Covid-19, 2.5% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,866/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of up to 13,560 tested for antibodies, S=28.4%

1,224 had a Covid-19 diagnosis
OR (S): 0.67 (0.61, 0.74)

3,286 tested positive
OR (S): 0.68 (0.59, 0.78)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,867/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 126 still alive at least 120 days after discharge from ICU with Covid-19, S=15.9%

103 interviewed: S=16.5%

51 with post-acute sequela(e): S=17.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,868/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 233,354 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,869/

Cuba (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 348 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=14.4%

125 asymptomatic: S=22.4%
197 mild-moderate: S=10.2%
26 severe: S=7.7%

mediccreview.org/hematological-… Image
5,870/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 125 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & symptoms lasting 30+ days, 9.6% were current smokers & 17.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,871/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking in the previous 24 hours

Of 335 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=20.6%

109 positive: S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,872/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 563 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.1% & F=12.4%

444 of them: zero were current vapers

OR (mortality):
C: U=0.11, M=0.01
F: U=1.47, M=0.51

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,873/

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 74 with long Covid-19, C=2.7% & F=28.4%

59 of them in UK: C=1.7% & F=32.2%

Notes:

other countries not named
UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-161…
5,874/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

CS=current smoking

Of 71 with Covid-19, CS=5.6%
12 died: CS=0

83 hospitalized with influenza (2017-2019): CS=25.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,875/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=past

Of 140,182 adults w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=10.4% & P=6.7%

8,943 hospitalized: C=9.1% & P=14.2%

1,948 ICU: C=9.8% & P=16.6%

2,199 died: C=3.4% & P=14.8%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,876/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 190 hospitalized while critically ill with COVID-19, 6.8% were smokers (not specified if current or eve; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,877/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 515 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,878/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 162 with past SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.5%

Of 302 others (randomly-selected; infected or not), S=13.6%

Continued
5,878a/

163 with previous infection tested for antibodies more than one year later: S=7.4%

28 positive: S=3.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,879/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (apparently current)

Of 1,014 detainees in penitentiary establishments tested for antibodies, S=60.3%

187 positive: S=47.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,880/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,286 people living with HIV tested for antibodies, AS=26.6%

166 positive: AS=10.8%

OR
univariate: 0.38 (0.25, 0.59)
multivariate: 0.57 (0.36, 0.90)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,881/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 64,427 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=2.8%

OR death: 1.030 (NS)

Data for opium "abuse" too

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,882/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 21,420 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=6.6%

312 with a cerebrovascular event: T=7.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,883/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 239 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 4.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,884/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,208 diagnosed with Covid-19, 0.3% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,885/

Italy & Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% & 13.1% in 2020)

Of 55 hospitalized with Covid-19 & severe pneumonia, 1.8% was an active tobacco user

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,886/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

T=tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 301 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy & SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=14%

90 hospitalized: T=12.2% or 13.3%

29 ICU and/or died in hospital: T=13.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eh…
5,887/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 500 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=10.3%*

171 with kidney dysfunction: CS=7.7%*

*percentages are impossible; missing data?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,888/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 37 hospitalized for severe Covid-19, 24% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,889/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 50 with cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 12% were current tobacco smokers & 46% were former tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,890/

UK, Italy & Spain

Of 2,858 with active cancer or in remission with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 50.7% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,891/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 396 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.1% were past or present smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,892/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 761 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.4% were ever smokers

Note: all hospitalized, even asymptomatic

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,893/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 100 with active cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31 were former or current smokers

OR (mortality): 5.54 (2.05-14.99) p=0.0008

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,894/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,111 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=9.9%

271 ICU: T=12.5%

239 died: T=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,895/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 54 intubated in ICU with Covid-19, 18.5% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/am…
5,896/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 903 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40.3% were current or former smokers

Note: the current/former part was hidden in the supplement

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
5,897/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 117 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 33.3% were current or former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
5,898/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 779 age 14 to 65 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=24.4%

95 positive: CS=8.4%

aOR (in supplement): 0.27 (0.12, 0.61)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,899/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 422 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=36%

146 severe: CS=50.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: overlap 👇

5,900/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 with Covid-19, S=41.9%

15 mild: S=53.3%
16 severe: S=31.3%

15 uninfected controls (inguinal hernia surgery patients): S=26.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,901/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,950 veterans with Covid-19, T=17.8%

759 hospitalized: T=21.1%

…mpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jh…
5,902/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 56 with mild/moderate Covid-19, 3.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,903/

Italy, UK, USA, Brazil & India

smoking: C=current, F-former

Of 70 who developed in-hospital COVID-19 thoracic complications requiring surgery, C=28.6% & F=30%

20 died: C=30% & F=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,904/

Of 1,627 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 8.5% were current smokers & 34.4% were former smokers

Not stated where; authors from (Kentucky,) USA (current smoking age 18+ was (21.4%) 15.5% in 2020)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,905/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 353 with Covid-19, 7.1% were current smokers

229 with olfactory dysfunction: 7.4% were current smokers (7.5% reported)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
5,906/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 343,188 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.8% were current or former smokers

aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jp…
5,907/

France

218 never & ex-smokers intubated & ventilated while in ICU with Covid-19 were treated with nicotine patches (14 mg/day) or placebo

"...transdermal nicotine did not significantly reduce day-28 mortality"

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
5,908/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 409 tested for antibodies, S=18.1%

132 positive: S=10.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,909/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoking, F-former smoking

Of 277 with recent moderately severe lower respiratory tract infection tested for antibodies, S=14.1% & F=9.4%

55 positive: S=1.8% & F=10.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,910/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 151 still alive after discharge from hospital with ARDS associated with severe Covid-19, 4.6% were current smokers & 52.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,911/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 311,542 with confirmed or probable Covid-19, 38.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,912/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 748 with cancer diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=28.9%

100 died: S=32

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,913/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 152 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.8%

136 hospitalized with influenza: S=42.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-155…
5,914/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 96 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=22.9%

36 mild: AS=19.4%
20 moderate: AS=15%
40 severe: AS=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,915/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 281 who recovered from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=39.1%

105 with fatigue: CS=41%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,916/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 228 Covid-19 patients treated by a hospital-at-home service, C=28.5% & X=7.9%

45 Α: C=34.4% & X=3.8%
183 Δ: C=4.4% & X=24.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,917/

Lithuania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 stroke patients with Covid-19, S=16.1%

31 matched controls (stroke patients without Covid-19): S=6.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,918/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 17 with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS, 35.3% were ever smokers

5 required invasive mechanical ventilation: 60% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,919/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 49 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia (non-ICU), 6.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,920/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 248 still alive one year after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, ES=4.4%

77 were critically ill: ES=5.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,921/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 90 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, A=28.9% & F=14.4%

38 positive: A=50% & F=2.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,922/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 686 with non-severe Covid-19, 21.3% were current smokers & 9.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,923/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 144 with Covid-19, T=11.8%

71 mild: T=15.5%
73 hospitalized with respiratory failure (from a different city): T=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,924/

New York State

case/control study: university students tested

"Current use of a vaping device was more common...among cases (8.9%) than controls (5.6%)" (not significant)

"risk factors were not associated...including current...smoking"

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tb…
5,925/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 2,061 in ICU with Covid-19, 16.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.5694/mj…
5,926/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 205 regular serving members of the British Armed Forces referred to defence COVID-19 Recovery Service (see criteria below), 5.9% were current smokers & 22.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,927/

Somalia (female daily smoking was 1.6% in 2015)

Of 477 pregnant women tested for antibodies, 175 positive

Of smoking of cigarettes, shisha & chewing khat, "only the smoking of shisha...was found to pose a risk for contracting COVID-19 infection"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,928/

Pennsylvania & Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rates were 15.8% & 10.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

All numbers & percentages calculated & approximate

Of 9,620 with or at risk of T2 diabetes diagnosed with Covid-19, C=8.7% & F=28.7%

Continued
5,928a/

2,553 hospitalized and/or died: C=8.5% & F=36.8%

915 ICU and/or died: C=8.9% & F=41.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,929/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 594 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=31.3%

44 died: S=43.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,930/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,560 outpatients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 15.2% were smokers in the past year

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,931/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 145 hospitalized with Covid-19 w/ acute kidney injury, S=57.9%

154 hosp'd w/ C-19 w/o AKI: S=62.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-174…
5,932/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 915* hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 41.9% had a history of cigarette smoking

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693744/
5,933/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 36,905 hospitalized with Covid-19, 39.6% were current or former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bd…
5,934/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 371* hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.9% were never smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,935/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 150 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.7% (4.8% reported)

150 matched controls (hospitalized with influenza 2015-2019): S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,936/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,300 hospitalized for Covid-19, 23.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,937/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 130 with asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.6% & F=22.3%

22 with severe outcome (ICU Stay 20; Intubation 9; Death 6): C=9.1% & F=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,938/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 800 with Covid-19, S=45.6%

200 mild: S=39.5%
200 moderate: S=46%
200 severe: S=54.5%
200 critical: S=42.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,939/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 822 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=38.1%

80 readmitted: S=35%
43 of them due to (any) infection: S=44.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,940/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 6,176 w/ asymptomatic or mild Covid-19, S=38.9% (39.0% reported)

393 hospitalized: OR (S) = 1.17(0.91–1.51)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,941/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 222 with at least one thrombotic event while hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers & 9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,942/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 227 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,943/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,629* who were hypoxic on admission to hospital with Covid-19, 53% were current or previous smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,944/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 526 with acute limb ischemia associated w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=18%

14,131 with ALI not associated w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection: N=33%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,945/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 541 who recovered from Covid-19, CS=7.9% (9% reported)

106 with sarcopenia: CS=9.4% (9% reported)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
5,946/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 567* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=32.6%

44* died: S=31.8%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-174…
5,947/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

PAS=past or active smoker

Of 144 with moderate-to-severe Covid-19 pneumonia, PAS=9%

48 with arterial or venous thromboembolism or who died within 30 days (any cause): PAS=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,948/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 150 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=41.3%

59 with deep venous thrombosis: S=37.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,949/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 3,719 hospital & university workers tested for antibodies, S=13.4%

328 positive: S=11.3%

OR: 0.76 (0.53–1.09)p=0.14

Continued Image
5,949a/

3,232 of them tested 45 & 90 days later: S=12.9%

395 positive: S=10.4%

OR: 0.74 (0.52-1.04) p=0.081

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,950/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,199 with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery dis. and/or atherosclerotic cerebrovascular dis. hospitalized with COVID-19, C=9.1% & F=46.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,951/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smokers

Of 32 in ICU for acute respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, AS=12.5%

11 in ICU for non-COVID-19 bacterial pneumonia: AS=45.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,952/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

Of 326 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,953/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 2,148 who recovered from Covid-19, S=16.9%

260 severe: S=13.1%

219 hospitalized: S=16.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients

5,954/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

PT=prior tobacco use

Of 56 with Covid-19 & neurological conditions (NC), PT=36.5%

16 with NC before Covid: PT=35.7%
40 without NC before Covid: PT=36.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
5,955/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 429 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=8.9%

316 of them were age 18+: CFS=12%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,956/

smoking: C=current, F=former

Netherlands (C tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

8,790 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (survived): C=5.5% & F=25.4%

1,638 symptomatic (tested negative): C=8.5% & F=30.8%

3,615 pop'n controls: C=7.6% & F=20.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,957/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 431 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required supplemental oxygen, 6% were current smokers & 15.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,958/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 59 in ICU for Covid-19, AS=10.2%

37 temporary ICU: AS=10.8%
22 classical ICU (reserved for most severe): AS=9.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-162…
5,959/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 125 hospitalized for severe Covid-19 pneumonia, S=8%

9 died: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,960/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 144 admitted to pulmonary rehabilitation units after discharge from hospital Covid-19 wards with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 44.4% were current smokers & 9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,961/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

May to Dec 2021

Of 242,042 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.8%

20,371 ICU: S=7.7%

96,393 died: S=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,962/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 5,596 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=25.7% & F=8.1% (8.2% reported)

Continued
5,962a/

symptomatic:

5,000 at diagnosis: C=25.1% & F=7.9%
1,311 at 1 month later: C=26.1% & F=7.3%
1,042 at 3 months: C=25.2% & F=8.6%
793 at 6 months: C=24.3% & F=7.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35715663/
5,963/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,111 working individuals (non-healthcare) age 18 to 64 diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
5,964/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 263 with emergency department visit or hospitalized for COVID-19, C=5.7% & F=30.4%

159 with myocarditis: C=5.7% & F=27.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,965/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking tobacco products (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,393 age 18 to 64 tested for antibodies, S=24.2%

413 positive: S=23.7%

Note: missing data?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,966/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 696 with T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 13.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,967/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 81 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,968/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 298 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.7% were current smokers & 10.1% were former smokers

13.4% had a smoking person in the family

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,969/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 401 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=12%

109 with pulmonary embolism: SH=9.2%

79 died in hospital: SH=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,970/

Paywalled. Will update if possible.

'...we found no association between nicotine use and SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. Nicotine use may not be a key risk factor for COVID-19 acquisition in predominantly healthy college-aged populations.'

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
5,971/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking within the past year

Of 589 who had a positive Covid-19 test before surgery, S=46.2%

26 died: S=65.4%

5,209 controls (surgery pre-pandemic): S=19.1%

ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-…
Update to 5,970 Image
5,972/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 13,644 with Covid-19, 9.1% were tobacco smokers (apparently ever)

'Our study shows that patients with COVID-19 rebound...had significantly...more use of tobacco'

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,973/

South Africa (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 339 mothers tested for antibodies, CS=36.6%

176 positive: CS=28.4%

OR: 0·43, 95% CI: 0·28; 0·66

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,974/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoking: C="non-weaned", H=history (not clear if includes C)

Of 176 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9.7% & H=30.7%

57 intubated and/or died: C=8.8% & H=28.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-170…
5,975/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 248 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, CS=7.7%

Of an additional 328 tested for antibodies at delivery, CS=8.5%

131 positive: CS=6.9%
197 negative: CS=9.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-162…
5,976/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 2,096 cancer patients, C=8.9% & F=19.9%

167 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=6% & F=23.4%

37 with long-lasting symptoms: C=8.1% & F=24.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,977/

Oman (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 149 with Covid-19, all 149 were non-smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,978/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 120 healthcare workers w/ Covid-19 infection, 4.2% were active smokers

"smoker was almost eleven times more likely to get infected with COVID-19 from [healthcare-acquired]"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
5,979/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 433 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=28.6%

33 with Covid-19-associated mucormycosis: CS=54.5%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35729170/
5,980/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 107,239 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.8% were current smokers & 41.5% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,981/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 31,764 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,982/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 1,520 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=13.8% & X=27%

627 random uninfected controls: S=13.2% & X=33.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
5,983/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,075 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice

researchsquare.com/article/rs-176…
5,984/

USA (adult female smoking rate was 12.4% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy

Of 19,175 pregnant individuals, S=6.3%

74 hospitalized* with symptomatic S=5.4%

*may or may not include delivery hospitalizations

CA, OR, WA, TX

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
5,985/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,919 tested for antibodies, S=15.1%

1,564 positive: S=11.4%

OR (non-smoker): 1.864 (1.517-2.289) p=0.000

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
5,986/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 85 still alive 6 months after treatment in ICU for Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 34.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,987/

Mexico

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 9,446 under age 18 with Covid-19, S=40 (0.4%)

4,550 age 0 to 5: S=0
1,156 age 6 to 9: S=2 (0.2%)
3,740 age 10 to 17: S=38 (1%)

938 died: S=1 (0.1%)
368 age 10 to 17: S=1 (0.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,988/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 31 with lung fibrosis, who previously had COVID-19, "77% of the patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,989/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 144 pregnant/puerperal women hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.3%

80 required oxygen: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,990/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 10 with COVID-associated mucormycosis and pulmonary aspergillosis (both), 3 or 4 had a smoking history (30% or 40%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,991/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 145 with Covid-19 infection, S=19.2%

71 symptomatic: S=29.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,992/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 433 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=15.2%

130 died: S=18.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,993/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 11 hospitalized with (both) pulmonary tuberculosis & Covid-19, 72.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,994/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 272 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 44.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,995/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 26 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38.4% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,996/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 57 in ICU with Covid-19, CS=10.5%

55 in ICU with influenza (2015-2020): CS=41.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,997/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 294 diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=25.2%

163 mild: CS=23.9%
83 moderate: CS=25.1%
48 severe: CS=31.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,998/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,047 pediatric hospital workers assessed for SARS=CoV-2 infection, S=6.5%

850 tested: S=7.2%

221 positive: CS=5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5,999/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 58 with hypoxemic respiratory failure while hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,000/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,471 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.8% & F=25.6%

1,425 ICU, mechanical ventilated, stayed ≥14 days and/or died: C=5.6% & F=30.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,001/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 300 blood donors tested for antibodies, S=13%

27 positive (IgG): S=11.1%
195 positive (IgM): S=12.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,002/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 1,423 with Covid-19, CXS=62.8%

708 with symptoms ≥12 weeks later, CXS=60%

Note: error in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,003/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 794 with Covid-19 in Special Health Accommodation, CS=0.5%

125 hospitalized: CS=1.6%

When under age 16 excluded (assuming they were non-smokers): 0.6% & 1.7%
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11…
6,004/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 391 with Covid-19, 10% were smokers & 10.7% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/re…
6,005/

Poland (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.8% in 2020)

Of 59 males age 27 to 64 who recovered after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Corrections:

2020 est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ in Poland was incorrectly reported as 16.2% in tweets 5,713, 5,856 & 5,942. It was 23.7%.

2020 est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ in Serbia was incorrectly reported as 39.8% in tweet 5,477. It was 37.6%.
6,006/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 157 with osteopenia, osteoporosis & low muscle strength, S=20.4%

86 with SARS-CoV-2 infection within 30 days before study: S=24.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,007/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 229 with taste loss associated with Covid-19, C=12.7% & F=9.2%

182 fully recovered taste within 28 days: C=13.7% & F=6.6%

47 didn't: C=8.5% & F=19.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,008/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 70 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, C=5.7% & F=4.3%

27 mild: C=0 & F=3.7%

43 moderate: C=9.3% & F=4.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,009/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 hospitalized w/ Covid-19-associated mucormycosis, S=17.9%

43 hosp'd w/ C-19 without mucormycosis: S=4.7% (maybe; tables don't agree)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,010/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

Of 147* with COVID-19 mechanically ventilated in ICU, 5.4% were active smokers

Of 114* with COVID-19 mechanically ventilated in ICU, 30.7% were prior smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,011/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,413 hospitalized with acute stroke, AS=32.3%

1,324 before pandemic: AS=33.2%
46 with active Covid-19: AS=17.4%
43 after recovery: AS=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,012/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 564 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.4%

113 died: S=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,013/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 492 with diabetes or prediabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.7% & F=19.7%

99 died: C=5.1% & F=24.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,014/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 253 hospitalized with Covid-19, 40.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,015/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 661 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=11.3%

147 positive: S=7.5%

OR: 0.57 (0.29–1.1) p=0.098

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,016/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 222 health care workers with prior Covid-19, C=17.6% & F=7.2%

222 health care workers without prior Covid-19, C=16.2% & F=0

bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11… Image
6,017/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 47 who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.5% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,018/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 209* with multiple sclerosis who survived Covid-19, S=15.8%

210* matched controls with MS (presumably uninfected): S=17.1%

*calculated

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/en…
6,019/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking, T=tobacco*

Of 280 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.6% & T=1.5%

*Not clear what they mean. "19(6.9%) were taking tobacco, opioid, and weed" appears twice

researchsquare.com/article/rs-174…
6,020/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 6,363 with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, ES=20.4%

162 with Covid-19: ES=19.1%

125 mild/moderate: ES=18.4%
37 severe/critical: ES=21.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,021/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

SV="active smoker/vaping"

Of 102 mechanically ventilated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SV=3 (2.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,022/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 761 with Covid-19, C=21.7% & P=16%

119 died: C=12.6% & P=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,023/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy

Of 730 pregnant ppl tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=8.9%

374 positive: S=8.6%

127 asymptomatic: S=11%
171 mild: S=8.2%
37 mod.: S=5.4%
39 severe: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,024/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 135 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure, 23% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,025/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 44 required ECMO for the management of COVID-19, two were active smokers (4.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,026/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 693 with cardiovascular disease risk factors & Covid-19, CS=12.6%

35 with thromboembolic events: CS=2.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,027/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 91 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 3.3% were current smokers & 42.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,028/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 24,834 who tested positive for Covid-19, 9.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,029/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,286 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=38%

2,220 ICU: S=11.5%

574 died: S=49.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,030/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 98 with olfactory dysfunction occurring concurrently with COVID-19 and persisting for at least 6 months, 25.5% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
6,031/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 1,033,229 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=25.7%

186,882 hospitalized: CFS=31%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jr…
6,032/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 255 people living with HIV hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.1%

60 died: S=13.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-173…
6,033/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 2,006 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 3.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,034/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 616 home-based patients with COVID-19, "47 (7.6%) patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,035/

Philippines (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 135 in critical care unit diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=44.4%

13 with stroke: S=30.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,036/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 13 with Fabry disease diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 were current smokers (23.1%) & 2 were past smokers (15.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,037/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

Of 417 in ICU for critical Covid-19, 7.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,038/

Kenya (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S smoking (not specified if current or ever "history" appeared 4 times)

Of 1,792 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.2%

346 ICU: S=6.1%

271 died: S=12.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,039/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 361 in ICU with Covid-19, CS=2.5%

114 with acute kidney injury: CS=2.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,040/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

FCS=former/current smoking

Of 263 intubated while hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=31.6%

28 with barotrauma: FCS=10.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,041/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

Of 59 (60) still alive 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.6% (61.7%) were current smokers & 23.7% (13.3%) were former smokers

Reported twice with different numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update to 5,966

The first author contacted me to clarify: it was active smoking

His other clarifications already appear in the tweet.

6,042/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 86 with long Covid, S=31.4%

39 healthy controls: S=33.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,043/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 86 with renal infarction tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=11.6%

26 positive: S=11.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-179…
6,044/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 4,070 outpatients with Covid-19, 23% were current or former smokers

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
6,045/

Belgium, Brazil, India, South Africa, Spain & UK

Of 210 with Covid-19, 8.6% were current smokers & 19.5% were previous smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanha…
6,046/

Switzerland & Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% & 19.6% in 2020)

Of 472 outpatients with Covid-19, 17.2% had a history of smoking

thelancet.com/journals/lanha…
6,047/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 15 with COVID-19 & mucormycosis and/or aspergillosis coinfections, 26.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,048/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 14 with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection 90+ days after initial symptoms, "None of the patients were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,049/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 91 SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and clinical symptoms suspicious of pulmonary embolism, "Only 5 (5.5%) patients had a history of smoking."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,050/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

Of 356,078 diagnosed with Covid-19, 23.2% were ever smokers

OR (ever smoker)
hospitalization: 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)
invasive ventilation: 1.06 (0.99, 1.13)
mortality: 1.11 (1.05, 1.17)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,051/

Liechtenstein

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 866 tested for antibodies, C=9.5% & P=8.8%

115 positive: C=8.7% & P=10.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,052/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 131 with gustatory and/or olfactory dysfunction related to COVID-19, 6.1% were current smokers & 27.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,053/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,146 with Down syndrome hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, S=1.1%

378 died: S=0.8%

1,057 with DS hospitalized with other respiratory infection: S=1.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,054/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 382 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=5%

226 non-severe: AS=6.6%
156 severe: AS=2.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,055/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 800 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,056/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of up to 205 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "A total of 5 patients (3%) were current daily smokers, and 76 (41%) were former daily smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same veterans

6,057/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 64 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=2 (3.1%)

33 with neurological manifestations: S=2 (6.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,058/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 136 hospitalized with Covid-19, "none smoked or drank alcohol"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,059/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 391 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.7% were current smokers & 25.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,060/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 28,031,641 fully vaccinated individuals, S=4.9% 🤔

5,345 Covid-related hospitalizations: S=6.2%

5.1% died in hospital: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,061/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 64 who reported a subjective olfactory disturbance for over 6 months after recovering from mild Covid-19, 10.9% were smokers & 28.1% were ex-smokers for more than 6 months

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,062/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 1x)

Of 178 w/ acute ischemic stroke, S=21.3%

36 Covid-related: S=8.3%

24 w/ unfavorable functional outcome: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,063/

Jordan & Iraq (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.7% & 1.7% in 2020)

Of 483 females (median age 31) who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, 20.3% were current smokers & 3.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,064/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 105 with Covid-19, C=2.9% & F=19%

4 hospitalized: C=0 & F=1 (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,065/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

Of 268 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.2% were current smokers & 10.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,066/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 70 ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 38.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,067/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 119 in ICU with Covid-19, 10.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,068/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 49 who survived Covid-19, 32.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,069/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

Of 33 with Covid-19, 27.3% were current smokers & 18.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,070/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 692 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.8% were active tobacco users or discontinued < 3 years

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,071/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 195 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.3% were current smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Apparently the same patients as in tweet 3,658

New data
32 died: zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,072/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 560 hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19, S=29.1%

214 died: S=28%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,073/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

Of 22 admitted to ICU with Covid-19 and discharged alive, 13.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,074/

California & Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% & 14.7% in 2020)

Of 93 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection with at least one objective marker of cardiac injury, 35.5% were current or former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,075/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

TE=tobacco exposure ['secondhand environmental exposures (vaping, tobacco)'] 🤦‍♂️

Of 82 adolescents (mean age 15.2) with confirmed or suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection, TE=15.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pp…
6,076/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 51,630 with Covid-19, N=4.5%

8.3% of them with post-COVID-19 condition: N=10.3%

aOR: 0.96 (0.78-1.19) p=0.705

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
6,077/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 900 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=9.1% & F=17.9%

86 died: C=4.7% & F=33.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,078/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 61 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 18% were current or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,079/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

Of 25 Covid-19 patients who required supplemental oxygen in step-down unit or ICU, 32% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,080/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 137 hospitalized with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=9.5%

113 positive: S=5.3%
24 negative: S=29.2%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jt…
6,081/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SV=current or former smoking/vaping

Of 1,164 hospitalized with Covid-19, SV=32.4%

108 died: SV=44.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,082/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 4,868 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.5% were current smokers

1,380 severe: 8.5% were current smokers

Note: severe cases were considerably older on average

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,083/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 595 Covid-19 patients who required ECMO, 14.5% were active smokers

43 with stroke: 23.3% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-178…
6,084/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 124 age 18 to 60 with Covid-19, SH=37.1%

63 hospitalized: SH=28.6%

71 with long-term symptoms: SH=45.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,085/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 85 treated with ECMO for severe Covid-19, S=12.9%

42 died: S=21.4%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02…
6,086/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 80 hospitalized with COVID-19 infection with evidence of both respiratory distress and cytokine release syndrome, zero were current smokers & 10% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,087/

Canada & Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% & 17.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Hospitalized with Covid-19

1,133 in Canada: S=21.6%
305 in Denmark: S=55.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,088/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 226 with Covid-19, S=11.9%

4 asymptomatic + 180 mild: S=11.4%
41 moderate + 1 severe: S=14.3%

Continued
6,088a/

If under age 15 excluded (assuming kids didn't smoke)

198 with Covid-19: S=13.6%

4 asymptomatic + 152 mild: S=13.5%
41 moderate + 1 severe: S=14.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,089/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 204 hospitalized with Covid-19, "23 (11.3%) of our patients were smokers and five (2.25%) were drug abusers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,090/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

HS=current or former smoking

Of 1,267 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=5.8%

229 died: HS=9.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,091/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 144 with non-severe Covid-19, 32.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,092/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 986* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.4%

up to 364 died: S=at least 17%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,093/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 116 with Covid-19, S=21.6%

58 hospitalized (non-ICU): S=20.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,094/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 131 with non-critical Covid-19, 23.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Makes sense, but I don't understand how they reached this conclusion 👇 Image
6,095/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoke habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 756 health care workers with Covid-19, S=3.2%

300 non-severe: S=3%
456 severe: S=3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,096/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 200 Covid-19 survivors, CS=6%

112 with post-Covid syndrome: CS=8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,097/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 53 with severe Covid-19 requiring mechanical ventilation, 39.6% had a smoking history

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jj…
6,098/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 21,619 with Covid-19, 21% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-174…
6,099/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=58.7% & F=15.9%

27 healthy controls: C=14.8% & F=3.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,100/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=current & former smoking (unknown counted as never)

Of 15,501,555 fully vaccinated individuals, S=49.5%

579,780 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: S=49.8%

28,580 hospitalized: S=65.2%

Continued
6,100a/

1,985 critical care: S=66%

6,435 died: S=71.1%

Comment: This dataset records current & former smoking separately. Combining them into a single category is unacceptable imo.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,101/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,288 hospitalized with Covid-19,
1,359 were age 60+: S=16%
2,929 were under age 60: S=8.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,102/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 28 critically ill with COVID-19 pneumonia, S=25%

22 died: S=31.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,103/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 409 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.9% were current smokers & 24.4% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,104/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 399 with acute stroke, S=22.1%

77 with Covid-19: S=19.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,105/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 3,582 hospitalized for Covid-19, CS=c.6.3%*

949 with renal failure: CS=10%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,106/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 90 with Covid-19, S=31.1%

59 controls (without Covid-19): S=23.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
California

vaping: C=current, F=former

Of 74,853 young adult never smokers age 18–35, C=1.6% & F=1.2%

1,965 with Covid-19: C=1.5% & F=1.6%

aHR 
C: 1.12 95%CI:0.77–1.62
F: 1.39 95%CI:0.98–1.96

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,108/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 937 with symptoms 60+ days after diagnosis with Covid-19, 22.4% were smokers or e-cigarette users (not specified...)

Smoking is the focus of this exercise in motivated reasoning

tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/pdf-150295-764…
6,109/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 223 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=48%

223 matched healthy controls: ES=47.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,110/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking, X=ex-smoking

Of 1,059 hospital workers, S=20.8% & X=8.5%

181 with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=18.8% & X=7.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,111/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 383 with Covid-19 admitted to a medicalized hotel, CS=18%

14 with thrombosis: CS=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,112/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current (includes second-hand), X=ex

Of 108 still alive after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, C=8.3% & X=7.4%

27 with postinfectious cough: C=22.2% & X=3.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,113/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

SFS=smoker or former smoker

Of 4,661 hospitalized with Covid-19, SFS=24.5%

982 with lower urinary tract symptoms: SFS=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,114/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 121 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 11.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,114/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 with Covid-19, S=65%

20 mild: S=65%
20 moderate to severe: S=80%
20 critical: S=50%

20 healthy controls: S=90%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,115/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 388 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,116/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of more than 1,400 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.3% were current smokers & 46.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,117/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 342 with Covid-19, 41.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,118/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 373,780 with a history of cancer, CFS=17.3%

38,614 with Covid-19: CFS=13.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,119/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 70 age 18 to 59 with Covid-19, 8.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,120/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 49 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=4.1%

13 mild: CS=0
14 moderate: CS=14.3%
22 severe: CS=0

20 matched healthy controls: CS=0

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,121/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,246 outpatients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 12.4% were past year smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,122/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking, X=ex-smoking

Of 26 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=30.8% & X=15.4%

17 died: S=29.4% & X=5.9%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
6,123/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 230 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.3%

178 non-severe: S=7.3%
52 severe: S=11.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,124/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, H=history (not clear if includes C)

Of ~410 with Covid-19 & STEMI, C=20% & H=46%

~110 died: C=15% & H=36%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,125/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 204 with Covid-19, 14.7% were smokers (apparently current)

< 10 cigarettes/day: 8.8%
≥ 10 cigarettes/day: 5.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,126/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 106 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.5% were current smokers & 27.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,127/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 85 in ICU with Covid-19, 72.9% were current or former smokers

18 died: 94.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,128/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 722 pregnant & postpartum women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4.2%

559 tested: S=4.3%

289 positive: S=0.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,129/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 61* with Covid-19, S=13.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35822676/
6,130/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 75 with Covid-19, S=44%

26 noncomplicated cases: S=30.8%
49 complicated cases: S=51%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
6,131/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 539 with Covid-19, S=10.9%

333 hospitalized: S=10.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
6,132/

Tennessee, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.5% in 2020)

smoke exposure: S=self, H=household member (not specified if current or ever)

Of 369 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.1% & H=7.6%

57 age 7 to 17 infected: S=0 & H=8.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
6,133/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (not spec'd...)

Of 410 psychiatric inpatients diagnosed w/ Covid-19, S=51.2%

202 asymptomatic: S=48.5%
145 mild: S=60.7%
5 moderate: S=40%
37 severe: S=51.4%
21 critical: S=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,134/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 422* in ICU with Covid-19, S=22.5%

206* died: S=23.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,135/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 73 with post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms for more than three months following symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, zero were current smokers & 23.3% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,136/

Kentucky & West Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 21.4% & 22.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 14,379 hospitalized patients with heart failure, S=40.4%

862 of them with Covid-19, S=30.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,137/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,201 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.8% & F=17.9%

550 died: C=5.3% & F=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,138/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current cigarette smoker

Of 484 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=2.7%

91 ICU: CS=11%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,139/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 412 with Covid-19, 14.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,140/

Netherlands (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 28 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, "Seven women (25.0%) had a history of smoking and 1 of them was smoking at time of inclusion" (3.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,141/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 27 in ICU with Covid-19-associated severe ARDS who underwent ECMO, N=48.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,142/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 11,468 vaccinated patients with systemic rheumatic disease, C=5.8% & F=36.9%

251 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=4.4% & F=36.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… Image
6,143/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

S=(presumably current) smoking
D=daily
W=once or twice a week
O=occasionally

Of 5,635 tested for antibodies, S=27.5%
D=19.8%
W=4.2%
O=3.5%

4,242 positive: S=25.2%
D=17.5%
W=4.2%
O=3.6%

Continued
6,143a/

Of 6,338 tested for antibodies at a later date, S=31.6%
D=21%
W=6.2%
O=4.4%

5,777 positive: S=31%
D=20.3%
W=6.2%
O=4.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,144/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 519 cancer patients hospitalized for Covid-19, 38.5% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,145/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 380 vaccinated individuals hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=2.6%

354 age 15+ (assuming kid's didn't smoke): SH=2.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,146/

Netherlands (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,196 lactating mothers tested for antibodies, S=1.9%

636 positive (blood or milk): S=1.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,147/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (current smoker or ex-smoker that quit < 10 years ago)

Of 129 age 14+ who tested positive for antibodies, S=3.9%

34 age 14-25: S=8.8%
95 over age 25: S=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,148/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 11 (10 male) hospitalized with Covid-19, one was a smoker & one was a former smoker (9.1% each)

1 ICU (also only death): the former smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,149/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

TN=Tobacco/nicotine use disorder 🙄 (apparently ever)

Of 70,269 adults with ADHD & Covid-19 infection, TN=18.9% (19.8% reported, probably due to missing data)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,150/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 67 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 22.4% were current smokers (tobacco=6%, hookah=16.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,151/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 4,838 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16.8%

47,519 hospitalized without Covid-19: CS=24.5%

26,368 hospitalized pre-pandemic: CS=30.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,152/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 123 with Covid-19, S=7.3% & F=18.7%

12 asymptomatic/mild: S=16.7% & F=33.3%
64 moderate: S=6.3% & F=12.5%
47 severe: S=6.4% & F=23.4%

Error in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,153/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (includes vaping 🤦‍♂️)

Of 31,545 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=7.1%

5,558 mechanically ventilated: CS=7.7%

4,651 died: CS=7.7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35839264/

propensity score-matching study: ORs 👇 Image
6,154/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 179 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=37.4%

71 with pulmonary embolism: CFS=36.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,155/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 141 still alive 90 days after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,156/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 434 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,157/

Zambia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.8% in 2020)

Of 1,653 hospitalized with Covid-19, less than 14.4% were current smokers

Note: current smoking data was collected, but not reported; only most prevalent comorbidities were

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,158/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=previous

Of 130 people living with HIV hospitalized for Covid-19, C=13.1% & P=16.9%

514 matched controls (without HIV, hosp'd for Covid-19): C=4.5% & P=11.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-185…
6,159/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 551 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 severe pneumonia, C=4.2% & F=33.4%

21 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: C=0 & F=28.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-183…
6,160/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 25 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 28% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,161/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 184 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection & at least one new neurologic or psychiatric manifestation, 27.1% were nicotine consumers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,162/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~2,728* in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=16.2%

~1,033* vaccinated: S=18%
~1,695* unvaccinated: S=15.1%

*calculated

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
6,163/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 89 with Covid-19, 21.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,164/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,790 diagnosed with Covid-19, 46.9% were current or previous smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-183…
Iran

same patients, same results, same unclear reporting

I forgot to say "not specified if current or ever" last time

researchsquare.com/article/rs-184…

6,165/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 174 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required invasive mechanical ventilation, C=4% & F=20.1%

71 died: C=5.6% & F=29.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-184…
6,166/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

cigarette smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 358,638 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, C=19% & X=17.9%

332,167 matched controls without Covid-19 diagnosis: C=23.9% & X=15.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,167/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 112 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia & treated with convalescent plasma, S=9.8%

20 died (any cause): S=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,168/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 59 with COVID-19-induced acute limb ischemia, 1.7% was a current smoker & 3.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Japan

same patients: current & ex-smokers were combined into one less informative category

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,169/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 310 critically ill elderly patients in ICU with Covid-19, 26% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,170/

Earth, mostly UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 12.5% in 2019)

Of 8,193 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 5.8% were current smokers & 16.6% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Numbers broken down further (total, UK, non-UK) 👇 Image
6,171/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 10 with acute respiratory failure requiring non-invasive respiratory support in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,172/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 519 with suspected or probable Covid-19, S=18.1% or 18.9% (reported twice with different numbers)

35 hospitalized and/or died: S=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,173/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 322 diagnosed with Covid-19, 10.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

"...smokers were least represented in severe cases and highest in mild cases"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,174/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 50,091 who received thromboprophylaxis while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,175/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 790 who tested positive for antibodies, S=6.6%

286 with neutralizing activity: S=9.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

suspiciously similar to 👇

6,176/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

HN=history of nicotine abuse 🤦‍♂️

Of 96 treated with ECMO for Covid-19-associated ARDS, HN=58.3%

62 died: HN=67.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,177/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 60 with moderate Covid-19, 55% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,178/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

PCS=previous or current smoking

Of 7,554 hospitalized for any reason & tested for SARS-CoV-2, PCS=37.6%
2,892 positive: PCS=33.3%

1,235 died: PCS=40.1%
860 positive: PCS=38%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,179/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 198 still alive 4 weeks after testing positive for Covid-19 infection, 31.8% had ever smoked tobacco products

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,180/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 1,350 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=30.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,181/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 200 in ICU with Covid-19, HS=44.5%

139 died: HS=46.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,182/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 30 with long Covid syndrome, 53.3% were "actual" smokers & 23.3% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,183/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking or hookah (not specified if current or ever)

Of 446 with Covid-19, SH=18.8%

344 with at least one persistent/late-onset complication: SH=19.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,184/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,114 with severe Covid-19, C=7.3% & F=10.6%

2,522 who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2: C=8% & F=9.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,185/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 305 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=13.8%

90 hospitalized: S=12.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,186/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 124 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19, 20.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients

6,187/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

Of 14 with post-Covid myocarditis, "One patient had a history of smoking" (7.1%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cl…
6,188/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 313 still alive at least 6 months after disharge from hospital with Covid-19, CFS=9.6%

232 with peripheral neuropathy: CFS=9.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,189/

Spain, Greece, Portugal, Ireland & (mostly) France

Of 538 who received invasive mechanical ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 5.2% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-185…
6,190/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 142 with SARS-CoV-2 infection with no or mild symptoms, 14.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,191/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 54 with asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 13% were current smokers & 16.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,192/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 28 with long Covid, SH=14.3%

14 matched controls (fully recovered): SH=14.3%

24 matched controls (no history of Covid): SH=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,193/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 53 health care professionals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,194/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 198 with Covid-19, 8.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,195/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 838 with Covid-19, S=8.2%

80 died: S=16.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,196/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 674 with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases & highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 9.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,197/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,459 vaccinated health care workers, S=24.7%

36 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,198/

Nigeria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 2.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 497 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, CS=5%

997 contacts of confirmed cases who tested negative: CS=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,199/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult current smoking rates were 10.9% & 11.3% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 235 contacts of confirmed cases tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=9.8%

53 positive: T=11.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,200/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

Of 5,047 who tested positive for Covid-19, 5% were current tobacco users

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rt…
6,201/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 70 with Covid-19 who died, 34.3% were smokers or ex-smokers (34.7% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,202/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

ECS=ever/currently smoking

Of 923 who recovered from acute Covid-19, ECS=8%

686 with any residual symptoms within 90 days: ECS=7.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,203/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 77 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 20.8% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,204/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 82 with inflammatory bowel disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.1% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,205/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 588 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, C=5.1% & F=1.5%

542 nonsevere: C=4.4% & F=1.7%
46 severe: C=13% & F=0

Continued
6,205a/

An interesting study. It compared outcomes of smokers with 10+ pack years of use vs. everyone else. Unfortunately, there were only 16 smokers with 10+ p/y

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35866793/

Apparently the same patients 👇

6,206/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 3,327 age 16+ with SARS-CoV-2 infection*, ES=50.3%

511 age 16+ uninfected*: ES=60.9%

1,133 under age 16 infected*: ES=0.4%

*in Dec 2021 or Jan 2022

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,207/

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,238 women age 40 to 64, S=26.8%

304 with Covid-19: S=33.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,208/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

Of 7,918 women veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9.9%

132 with venous thromboembolism: S=12.2%

Note: probably (big errors in Tables 1 & S1)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,209/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 317* who required supplemental oxygen while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41% were current or former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,210/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 73 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 16.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,211/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 224 age 45 to 74 still alive at least 4 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2, 5.4% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,212/

Italy (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 401 women age 18 to 50, S=20.9%

73 with Covid-19: S=24.7%

OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.70-2.32

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aj…
6,213/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 80 age 18 to 60 with olfactory alteration that persisted for at least 4 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, 10% were current smokers & 7.5% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,214/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 200 with Covid-19, 39% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: Smoking was focus of study, and it's not clear whether it is a random sample.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,215/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, E=active & former

Of 890 who survived Covid-19, A=13.9% & E=23.3%

635 with persistent symptoms: A=13.5% & E=23.5%
186 with post-Covid disease: A=17.7% & E=29.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,216/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 698 with multiple sclerosis hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,217/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 165 still alive at least 19 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=44.8%

64 with persistent symptoms: ES=53.1%

note: Faroe Islands

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
France

Le même porte-avions

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

USA

Update

Of 31,545 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7% were current smokers & 0.1% were current vapers

h/t Gregory Conley

6,218/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 380 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,219/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 1,058,511 veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=20.9% & F=43.1%

206,079 positive: C=13% & F=45.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

ORs 👇 Image
6,220/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 9,806 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=3.4%

1,885 died: S=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,221/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 6,031 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.9%

458 with venous thromboembolism: S=7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,222/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 62 still alive after admission to intermediate care unit for acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19, 3.2% were current smokers & 38.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,223/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 959 hospitalized for Covid-19, 18% were smokers & 35.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,224/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoked in the last 2 hours

Of 313 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=14.4%

38 positive: S=15.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,225/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 229 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who reported olfactory dysfunction (OD), CS=7.4%

93 with persistent OD 9½ months later, CS=8.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,226/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 279 with long Covid, S=39.8%

47 with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: S=48.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,227/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 277 critical Covid-19 patients, 37.5%* were "actual or former smokers"

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,228/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

FS=former smoker (current smoking never mentioned)

Of 27 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, FS=7.4%

11 without radiological pulmonary improvement at discharge: FS=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,229/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 933 hospitalized with Covid-19, "4.2% declared themselves to be active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,230/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 354 who recovered after being hospitalized with Covid-19, T=17.5%

751 controls (never diagnosed with Covid-19): T=10.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,231/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 44 hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=1 (2.3%)

7 ICU: AS=0

9 died: AS=1 (11.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,232/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 33 with long Covid, S=54.5%

12 hospitalized (with acute Covid-19): S=83.3%

mdpi.com/2076-3271/10/3…
6,233/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 2,902 diagnosed with cancer & Covid-19, 47.4% were current or previous cigarette users

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,234/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 263,135 veterans with Covid-19, C=14% & F=44.6%

40,043 hospitalized: C=14.6% & F=49.3%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,235/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 50 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, zero were smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pt…
6,236/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

Of 680 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 16.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-186… Image
6,237/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 159 in ICU due to Covid-19, C=7.5% & F=35.8%

29 died: C=17.2% & F=27.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,238/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 35 discharged alive after being hospitalized with severe Covid-19 & (apparently) 12 (presumably) uninfected controls, "None of the subjects had a history of smoking."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,239/

Gabon (daily smoking age 10+ was 9.7% in 2016)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 224 hospitalized for Covid-19, T=3.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,240/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 198* hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.3 to 3.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*Reported percentages do not work out to whole numbers. Missing data?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,241/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 175 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.3%

111 non-severe: S=7.2%
64 severe: S=4.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,242/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 439 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CFS=18.9%

369 reported at least one long COVID symptom: CFS=18.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,243/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 25 with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who developed Covid-19, CS=16%

1,867 with chronic limb-threatening ischemia who didn't develop Covid-19: CS=20.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,244/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 233 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
China

apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,245/

(apparently) Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 212 critically ill in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.7% & F=24.1%

154 with delirium: C=5.8% & F=24%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aa…
6,246/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 251 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 48.2% were current or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,247/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9 & X=28

32 ICU: C=6.3% & X=18.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,248/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 126 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 25.4% were smokers (20.6% regularly, 4.8% occasionally) & 13.5% were quitters

elis.sk/download_file.…

👇 Image
6,249/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 402 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22.9%

175 with gustatory dysfunction: S=23.4%

63 with oral ulceration: S=27%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,250/

Oman (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.6% in 2020)

Of 28 Covid-19 patients in ICU who required respiratory support for ARDS and developed barotrauma, zero had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction

In tweet 5,977, smoking prevalence in Oman was incorrectly reported to be 28.7%. The correct number is 10.6%.

6,251/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 122 with nonsevere Covid-19, S=12.3%

38 mild: S=18.4%
84 moderate: S=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,252/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 52,132 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16.7% were current smokers & 41.7% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanhl…
6,253/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former (M=missing: counted as never)

Mar-May 2020

Of 18,693,165 adults, C=17.1% & F=32.7% (M=4.3%)
15,570 Covid-19-related deaths: C=6.4% & F=59.9%

Continued
6,253a/

Sep 2020-Apr 2021

Of 18,806,605 adults, C=16.9% & F=32.6% (M=4.6%)
31,645 Covid-19-related deaths: C=7.6% & F=59.4%

May-Dec 2021

Of 18,710,935 adults, C=16.6% & F=32.8% (M=4.9%)
6,525 deaths: C=9% & F=60.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

sex & age standardized death rates Image
6,254/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.2% in 2019)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 54,488 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=4% & F=15.7%

40,571 BA.2: C=3.8% & F=15.6%
13,917 BA.4 or BA.5: C=4.3% & F=15.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,255/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 36 Covid-19 survivors (11 with asthma), 16.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,256/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=in-house smoking

Of 491 under age 18 hospitalized & tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=27.7%

95 positive: S=25.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,257/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 221 hospitalized with moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4.1%

117 moderate: S=1.7%
104 severe: S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,258/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 374 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=4.5%

Of 149 to 207 in ICU, CS=2.9% to 4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Jordan

A third published study with the same participants

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,259/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 47 with asthma who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 17% were current smokers, 6.4% had a previous smoking history

66% were exposed to secondhand smoke (smoking status not reported)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,260/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 188 diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35915835/
6,261/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 72 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 4.2% or 8.3% had a smoking history (reported twice with different numbers)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,262/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 60 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,263/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.5% in 2020)

Of 112 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,264/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 657* who required invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 6.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,265/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 29 Covid-19 survivors age 18 to 60, 6.9% were smokers & 13.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,266/

Bangladesh (est. female current tobacco use age 15+ was 15.5% in 2020: 0.5% smoking, 15% smokeless)

CT=chewing tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,041 women tested for antibodies, CT=17.5%

730 positive: CT=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,267/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 10,069 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.6% were active smokers & 15.3% were former smokers. An additional 3.5% were smokers, but current status was unknown

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
6,268/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 36 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.1% were ever smokers or vapers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,269/

Luxembourg (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 504* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 19% were current smokers & 19.6% were former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
6,270/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 68 COVID-19 survivors exhibiting post-COVID fatigue and dyspnea, 11.8% were smokers & 27.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,271/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 2,089 outpatients diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,272/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoked cigarette

Of 368* with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=15.8%

92 with at least one chronic symptom: ES=17.4%

*Orthodox Jewish community members in NY, NJ, CA, CT & MI

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,273/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 74 in ICU with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, S=33.8%

28 w/ superficial vein phlebitis: S=39.3%

22 w/ deep vein thrombosis: S=31.8%

29 died: S=37.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,274/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 43.7% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,275/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 1,007 hospitalized with Covid-19, CXS=24.4%

76 with gastrointestinal bleeding: CXS=26.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,276/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 15,913 who contracted Covid-19, S=8%* were tobacco smokers (apparently ever)

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,277/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 1,831 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.8% were active cannabis users

Of ~1,692* with known smoking status, 5%* were current smokers & 27.5%* were former smokers

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,278/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 212 university students, faculty and staff who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, three (1.4%) or 10.3% were current smokers

Discrepancy not explained; apparently an error

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,279/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 37 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=59.5%

11 died: S=45.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,280/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 40 hospitalized, AS=12.5%

21 of them with Covid-19: AS=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,281/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, Q=quit

Of 27,436 tested for Covid-19, A=14.2% & Q=30.1%

2,808 positive: A=10.8% & Q=31.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,282/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 108 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,283/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 12,429 individuals, S=6.5%

4,105 with Covid-19: S=5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,284/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 64 with olfactory dysfunction at least 90 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,285/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 334 in ICU with Covid-19, S=24%

33 with pneumothorax: S=21.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,286/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 1,532* hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5%

167* died: CS=3.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,287/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

Of 141 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=54.6%

91 moderate: S=46.2%
50 severe: S=70%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,288/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 152 hospitalized for Covid-19, 7.9% (9.1%) were current smokers & 25.7% (61.4%) had a history of smoking

Discrepancy in numbers not explained

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,289/

Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.6% in 2020)

Of 128 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers & 39.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,290/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 2,784 who attended a mass gathering (MG), AS=6.5%

14 with probable or confirmed Covid-19*: AS=21.4%

7 with confirmed Covid-19*: AS=0

*attributable to the MG

researchsquare.com/article/rs-190…
6,291/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 322 who recovered from acute Covid-19, 8.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,292/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 116 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.1% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,293/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 291 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=30.6%

118 with acute kidney injury: HS=34.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,294/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 153 hospitalized with respiratory failure associated with Covid-19 pneumonia, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,295/

United States, Mexico, Greece, Peru, Colombia, and Lebanon

Of 701 with Covid-19, 9.6% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-193…
6,296/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 1,873 still alive 3 months after hospitalization w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.7% were smokers (presumably current)

"81 (24·4%) of 332 self-reported smokers were smoking less"
thelancet.com/journals/langl…
6,297/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 61 with severe or critical Covid-19, S=11.5%

38 severe: S=13.2%
23 critical: S=8.7%

12 died: S=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,298/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 3,244 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.3% were current smokers

296 died: 3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,299/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 79 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were current smokers

32 matched healthy controls: 12.5% were current smokers (10% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,300/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of ~164 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, 28% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,301/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 1,356 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,302/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 1,705* with Covid-19, CFS=46.2%*

682* of them with obesity: CFS=50.1%*

201* (of the 682) died: CFS=49.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,303/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 48 (without comorbidities) with Covid-19, S=31.3%

13 mild: S=30.8%
22 moderate: S=27.3%
8 severe: S=50%
5 critical: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,304/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 461 outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.5% were current smokers & 37.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,305/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 1,814 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 28.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,306/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 60 with persistent olfactory dysfunction after mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 8.3% were current smokers & 10% had quit

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/al…
6,307/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 110 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.7% were current smokers

12 required ventilatory support: 8.3% was a current smoker

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/re…
6,308/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 81,789 hospitalized with Covid-19, 49.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever, but other studies using the same dataset suggest it's ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,309/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,556 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=12.1% & F=32.1%

Continued
6,309a/

247 ICU: A=11.3% & F=47.1%

322 advanced respiratory support: A=12.7% & F=40.1%

115 mechanical ventilation: A=12.2% & F=43.5%

117 died: A=9.4% & F=49.6%

A very well-conducted study & well-considered discussion in this paper: focus was smoking

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar…
6,310/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19 while pregnant, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
6,311/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 57 mechanically ventilated in ICU for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, T=5.3% (4.4% reported)

12 with worsening renal function: T=zero

researchsquare.com/article/rs-193…
6,312/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking:
C=current
F=former
P=passive

Of 413,788 tested for SARS-CoV-2:
C=6.8%
F=23.3%
P=1%

48,539 positive:
C=5%
F=18.8%
P=1.3%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/11…

ORs 👇 Image
6,313/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 1,158 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 34.9% were former or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rt…
6,314/

Bahrain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 869 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.1%

775 age 21+ (assuming younger people were nonsmokers): S=11.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

ORs (severe disease) 👇 Image
6,315/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 669* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=12.4%

84* died: S=9.5%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
6,316/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 85,637 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=44.6%

8,269 hospitalized with influenza (2018-2019): T=54.9%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
6,317/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 45 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, S=8.9%

133 matched controls with non-severe Covid-19: S=1.5%

(Total of 178: S=3.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,318/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

Of 569 with a history of atrial fibrillation/flutter hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers & 52% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,319/

France (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.3% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy

Of 93 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=2.2%

186 pregnant controls (2019): S=7.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,320/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 92 in ICU for COVID-19-induced ARDS, 4.3% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,321/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

HT=prior or active history of tobacco use

Of 165 in ICU with COVID-19-associated ARDS, HT=60%

148 with reported outcomes: HT=57.4%

63 died: HT=65.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,322/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,202 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=28.7%

426 died: S=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,323/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 70 mechanically ventilated in ICU, C=14.3% & F=42.9%

57 of them with Covid-19: C=10.5% & F=45.6%

Continued
6,323a/

16 (of the 57) died: C=18.8% & F=43.8%

22 with post-acute respiratory sequelae: C=4.5% & F=40.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,324/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.7% were current smokers & 83.9% had "exposure history" (not defined)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,325/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

SX=smoker/ex-smoker

Of 355,607 with Covid-19, SX=41.6%

7,255 with long Covid: SX=39.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,326/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,523 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=14.1%

273 positive: S=7%

aOR: 0.48 (0.29–0.78) p=0.003

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,327/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 116 over age 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,328/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=current & previous smoker

Of 195 diagnosed w/ Covid-19, CPS=33.3%

41 mild: S=22%
115 moderate: S=33.9%
39 severe/critical: S=43.6%

57 developed oral manifestations: S=28.1%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,329/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 50 with mild to moderate COVID-19, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,330/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoker: A=active, F=former

Of 2,184 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=5.4% & F=3.5%

214 ICU: A=2.8% & F=4.2%
215 mechanical ventilation: A=2.8% & F=4.2%
326 died: A=3.4% & F=9.2%

Continued
6,330a/

"... the opposite effect of chronic kidney disease on the risk of admission to the ICU and intubation was noted....Similar observations were made for smoking history...contrary to popular claims"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients apparently

6,331/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 387 with Covid-19, C=1.6% & E=89.9%

387 matched controls (without documented Covid-19): C=1.6% & E=96.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,332/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 6,652 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,333/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,940,988 unvaccinated individuals, N=7.8%

691,455 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: N=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,334/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=still, Q=stopped

Of 358 with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease, C=8.9% & Q=38.3%

159 with Covid-19 (survived): C=6.9% & Q=40.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,335/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 300 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,336/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

smoking: C=daily or occasional, P=past

Of 941 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=11.9% & P=32.1%

346 positive: C=8.7% & P=29.8%

35 w/ decreased antibodies 3 to 5 months later: C=5.7% & P=14.3%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,337/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (?)

Of 232 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with suspected Covid-19, S=15.1%

105 tested positive: S=16.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

However 👇 Image
6,338/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 50 with continuing olfactory dysfunction at least 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,339/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 109 hospitalized with moderate or severe Covid-19, 22% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,340/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 153 with Covid-19 (non-ICU), S=15%

50 mild: S=16%
60 moderate: S=10%
43 severe: S=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,341/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 251,536 who required oxygen while hospitalized with Covid-19, 36% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,342/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 152 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, S=27.6%

47 died: S=14.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,343/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 98 kidney transplant recipients who contracted Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,344/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 68* hospitalized with Covid-19:
1.5% was a current smoker
14.7% were former smokers
zero were vapers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,345/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 50 hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, S=8%

15 died: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,346/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 587,603 indiviuals born before January 1, 1945, S=4.9%

41,603 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=4.8%

22,362 hospitalized: S=5.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,347/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 2,919 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, AS=13.7%

749 positive: AS=10.3%

OR: 0.68

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,348/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,487,712 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=10.3%

Notes:

includes children
mostly USA

thelancet.com/journals/lanps…
6,349/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 517 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.5% were current or former smokers

OR (death): 1.27 (0.71-2.26) p=0.42

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
6,350/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 65 mechanically ventilated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS, S=16.9%

27 with at least one secondary infection: S=25.9%

Note: error in Table 1

researchsquare.com/article/rs-197…
6,351/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 360 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=20% & F=13%

Or not. Table doesn't make sense to me.

cambridge.org/core/journals/… Image
6,352/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 916 negative for SARS-CoV-2 when hospitalized who were tested for antibodies, S=14.4%

264 positive: S=6.1%

OR: 0.29 (0.17, 0.509) p<0.001

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,353/

Ecuador (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=yes, F=old

Of 2,103 with a history of Covid-19, C=9.9% & F=12.6%*

1,100 with long Covid: C=9.7% & F=12.7%

*apparently

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
6,354/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 27 in ICU with severe Covid-19, two were habitual smokers (7.4%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-196…
6,355/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 20 with post-Covid condition, zero were current smokers & 4 were ex-smokers (20%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-184…
6,356/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 871 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.3% were heavy smokers (20 or more cigarettes per day; all others classified as non-smoking)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,357/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 457 who recovered from acute Covid-19, S=36.8%

108 with at least one ongoing prolonged symptom: S=35.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,358/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 30 with end stage kidney disease who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 3.3% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,359/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 111 with Covid-19, 16.2% were smokers & 4.5% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,360/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S="a history of smoking >10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year without any attempt(s) to quit"

Of 406 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,361/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 121 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8 (6.6%)

49 mild: S=6 (12.2%)
48 moderate: S=1 (2.1%)
24 severe: S=1 (4.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,362/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 16,939 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.6% were smokers and/or e-cigarette users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,363/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 141 who recovered from acute Covid-19, C=12.1% & P=22.7%

66 with clinically significant long-Covid fatigue: 16.7% & P=24.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,364/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 14,355 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,365/

Europe

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 4,935 with inflammatory bowel disease, C=15.5% & P=30.9%

206 with Covid-19: C=11.2% & P=32%

196 mild: C=10.7% % P=32.1%
10 severe: C=20% & P=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,366/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

ES=smoker or former smoker

Of 360,088 with Covid-19 infection, ES=41.5%

7,403 with long Covid: ES=39.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,367/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 73 with familial Mediterranean fever & Covid-19, A=27.4% & X=12.3%

9 hospitalized for respiratory support: A=11.1% & X=not reported

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,368/

Pennsylvania, USA

'Active smokers did not experience worse COVID-19 outcomes once hospitalized. Former smokers had a higher odds of mortality...and advanced respiratory support...which were mediated by smoking-related comorbidities.'

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,369/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,698 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection or Covid-19 diagnosis, C=6.2% & F=34.2%

492 died or discharged to hospice: C=5.3% & F=42.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,370/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 66 in ICU due to SARS_CoV-2 infection, 22.7% were active smokers & 4.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,371/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 333 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), C=3.6% & F=19.8%

158 with symptoms at 12 months post-infection: C=3.8% & F=21.5%

Continued
6,371a/

Sweden

S=snus use

Of 331 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), S=19.6%

158 with symptoms at 12 months post-infection: S=20.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,372/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 37,060 individuals, CS=8.7%

223 with Covid-19: CS=4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,373/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 189 with rheumatic diseases & Covid-19, CXS=44.4%

83 progressed to severe disease: CXS=47%

15 died: CXS=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,374/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 252 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9.1% & F=31.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,375/

Belgium, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Japan, UK & USA

smoker/vaper: C=current, X=ex

Of 2,050 with inflammatory bowel disease tested for antibodies, C=12.3% & X=13.6%

201 positive: C=6.5% & X=6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,376/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=58.1%

28 hospitalized for other reasons (unmatched): S=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,377/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 2,849 fully vaccinated individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, CS=1.8%

48 with Covid-19 breakthrough infection: CS=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,378/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

Of 9,389 pregnant or postpartum women hospitalized with Covid-19, 0.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,379/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of ~350 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,380/

Belgium, Switzerland & (mostly) France

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 187 pregnant women in ICU for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=5.9%

73 intubated: S=4.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,381/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 719 with inflammatory bowel disease & Covid-19, "13.3% of the patients were active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain

A correction was published

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,382/

Nevada, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.2% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 375 who received remdesivir in hospital for treatment of COVID-19, C=4.3% & F=10.9%

182 with bradycardia within 5 days: C=3.8% & F=13.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,383/

(mostly) UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)
Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,896 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.1% & X=46%

789 died: C=5.3% & X=49%

academic.oup.com/eurpub/advance…
6,384/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% & snus use age 18-64 was ~12% in 2020)

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.2% were smokers or snus users & 54.3% had a previous history of smoking/snus

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,385/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 306 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 38.2% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,386/

Norway (daily tobacco smoking age 16 to 74 was 9% in 2020)

Of 230 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 5.7% were current daily smokers & 30.9% were former daily smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,387/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 280 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=39.3%

168 invasive mechanical ventilation: S=41.1%

See note in next tweet

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,387a/

Props to reviewer # 3, Ana Carolina Costa Monteiro of UCLA Health, who asked the authors to "define risk factors such as smoking history". Sadly their reply was inadequate.
6,388/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 28,929 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,389/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 97,452 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,390/

Iran (adult cigarette smoking rate was 12% & adult smoking rate including hookah was ~20% in 2019)

Of 322 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.4% were smokers & 4.1% were hookah users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,391/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 318 with Covid-19, S=35.5%

146 of them with pneumonia: S=39%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,392/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 374 with Covid-19, 43.6% were ever smokers

Notes:

includes children
Faroe Islands

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
6,393/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 35.9% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tr…
6,394/

FCS=former or current smoking

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,373 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=39%

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 1,342 w/ diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=7.9%

Continued
6,394a/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 7,514 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=21.9%

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…
6,395/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 196,379 veterans infected with SARS-CoV-2, C=13.3% & F=45%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,396/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

ES=ever tobacco smoking

Of 294 with mild-to-moderate symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=38.8%

101 with chemosensory impairment: ES=41.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-197…
Updated & peer-reviewed

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 109,254 with SARS-CoV-2 deemed to be at high risk for progression to severe Covid-19, 24.4% were current or former smokers

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

6,397/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 45.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,398/

China

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 56 still alive at least 6 months after hospitalization with Covid-19, S=12.5% (12.7% reported)

38 non-severe: S=13.2%
18 severe: S=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Apparently the same patients 👇

6,399/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of 836 hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, HT=25.3% or 31.4% or 31.9%*

159 with respiratory worsening: HT=27%

* ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,400/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 163 with gout hospitalized with Covid-19, 44.8% were ever smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ac…
6,401/

Belgium & France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% & 28.7% in 2020)

Of 171 with Covid-19, 8.2% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
6,402/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 554 hospitalized with Covid-19 ARDS, 4.3% were smokers & 31.2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-197…
6,403/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 19 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=15.8%

13 non-critical:CS=15.4%
6 critical: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,404/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 80 with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19 infection, 8.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,405/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 18 who died due to Covid-19, 5.6% was a smoker & 44.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,406/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 64 with Covid-19, CS=9.4%

11 mild: CS=18.2%
38 moderate: CS=7.9%
15 severe: CS=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,407/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

PS=previous smoking (current smoking not mentioned)

Of 1,870 who underwent open cardiac surgery, PS=40.3%

69 with Covid-19 (any time): PS=52.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,408/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 9,362 diagnosed with Covid-19, A=9.6% & X=54.6%

1,424 died: A=6.4% & X=67.3%

academic.oup.com/fampra/advance…
6,409/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 3,121 diagnosed with Covid-19 (including 1,115 with cancer), 24.3% were current or previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,410/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 117 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,411/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 305 who survived SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 43.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,412/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.2% were current smokers & 56.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,413/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 67 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.9% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,414/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 167 intubated while critically ill in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=12.4% & F=28.7%

19 with fungal infection: C=15.8% & F=21.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Belgium

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,415/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 206 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38.3% were smokers or ex-smokers (36.9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,416/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 320 vaccinated hospital workers, C=37.8%

98 breakthrough infections: OR: 0.61 (0.35–1.06) p=0.08

50 (15.6%) used e-cigs (49 dual use): OR not reported

mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/8…
6,417/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 70 with persistent olfactory dysfunction associated with Covid-19, 11.4% were cigarette smokers & 8.6% were hookah users (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…
6,418/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 88 with Covid-19, S=15.9%

77 hospitalized: S=15.6%

40 ICU: S=20%

Note: numbers & percentages don't agree;possible missing data?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,419/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 47 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=31.9%

34 required supplemental oxygen: CS=35.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,420/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 182 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 3.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,421/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 164 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=3% & X=24.4%

123 positive: C=3.3% & X=30.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,422/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 246 with Covid-19, S=6.9%

42 mild: S=7.1%
184 common: S=6.5%
7 severe: S=14.3%
13 critical: S=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,423/

Japan (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 254 female college athletes, S=10 (3.9%)

16 tested positive for Covid-19: S=1 (6.3%)

OR: 25.73 (0.32, 2066.89) p=0.15

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,424/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,106 health care workers receiving their first dose of vaccine, AS=29.6%

83 with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection: AS=16.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,425/

Slovakia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 298 with psoriasis, C=34.9% & X=8.1%

77 contracted covid-19: C=35.1% & X=9.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,426/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=current or former

Of 164 age 18 to 45 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, C=7.9% & E=12.2%

10 died: C=20% & E=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,427/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 64 hospitalized with mucormycosis, S=48.4%

43 of them with Covid-19: S=53.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,428/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 365 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.3% & X=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,429/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 138 in ICU for respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 14.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,430/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 19 were ever smokers

13 died: 15.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,431/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 365 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with neurological symptoms, 7.7% were cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,432/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 60 still alive 3 months after mechanical ventilation in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 11.7% were smokers & 16.7% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,433/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
(female current smoking=12.4%)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 3,136 with prediabetes & SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=21%

Of 282 with polycystic ovary syndrome & SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=20.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,434/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 in ICU with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, S=54.8%

11 died: S=63.6% (63.7% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,435/

Dominican Republic (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9% in 2020)

Of 50 with nonsevere SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,436/

CFS=current or former smoking

Canada & Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% & 17.5% in 2020)

Hospitalized with Covid-19:

1,149 in Canada: S=21.4%
215 in Denmark: S=54.9%

Note: error in Table 1

…mpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jh…

Same?
6,436/

Canada & Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% & 17.5% in 2020)

S=current or former smoking

Hospitalized with Covid-19:

1,149 in Canada: S=21.4%
215 in Denmark: S=54.9%

Note: error in Table 1

…mpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jh…

Same?
6,437/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 274 rheumatic inflammatory diseases & Covid-19 infection, CS=9.9%

274 matched controls (with Covid-19 infection but without RID): CS=6.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-198…
6,438/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 413 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=11.6%

219 non-severe: SH=7.3%
194 severe: SH=16.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,439/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 830 patients & staff at a hemodialysis centre tested for antibodies, SH=18.7%

325 positive: SH=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,440/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 300 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,441/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 49 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 ARDS & discharged alive, 6.1% were current smokers & 65.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,442/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 360 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.1%

60 with post-Covid symptoms: S=5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,443/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 112 with Covid-19, 2.7% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,444/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 5,568 with multiple sclerosis & suspected or confirmed COVID-19, CS=21.7%

4,646 confirmed: CS=22.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,445/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 51 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,446/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 220 in ICU with Covid-19, AS=12.7%

Of 306 in ICU pre-pandemic, AS=26.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,447/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 89 with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, S=21.3%

15 with Covid-19: S=20%

5 died: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,448/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.8% in 2020)

Of 6,291 hospitalized with Covid-19, 43.8% were current, former, or passive smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36044600/
6,449/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 227 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 21.6% were current smokers & 24.2% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
6,450/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CPS=current or past smoker

Of 117 hospitalized with Covid-19, CPS=19.7%

20 required oxygen: CPS=35%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,451/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 50 hospitalized with moderate, severe or critical COVID-19, 46% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Florida, USA

apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Florida, USA

apparently the same patients yet again

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,452/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 271 hospitalized with Covid-19 & suspected pulmonary embolism, S=9.6%

132 with pulmonary embolism: S=10.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-200…
6,453/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 245 hosp'd with Covid-19 (wild type), SH=25.3%

Of 115 hosp'd w/ Covid-19 (Δ), SH=11.3%

377 hosp'd w/ influenza: SH=26.5%

each group in a different hospital

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,454/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 331,153 hospitalized before the Covid-19 pandemic, HS=31.4%

1,718 of them hospitalized with a positive Covid-19 test: HS=39%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,455/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

PPS=present or past smoking

Of 697 hospitalized with Covid-19, PPS=23.4%

226 with pulmonary embolism: PPS=22.6% (22.5% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,456/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,112 with severe aortic stenosis, S=3.7%

61 of them with Covid-19: S=3.3%

1,320 with severe aortic stenosis in 2019: S=2.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,457/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 3,999 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,458/

New York State, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 10% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 44 pregnant women, S=3 (6.8%)

19 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=zero

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
6,459/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

FAS=former or active smoker

Of 74 with persistent symptoms after acute Covid-19, FAS=37.8%

Covid-19 severity:

15 ambulatory: FAS=13.3%
40 moderate: FAS=47.5%
19 severe: FAS=36.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,460/

UK (current smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2019)

Of 351 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6% were current smokers & 39.6% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
6,461/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 191 with rheumatic diseases diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=13.1%

157 hospitalized: CS=12.7%

11 died: CS=0

academic.oup.com/mr/advance-art…
6,462/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 647 who sudden onset of chemosensory loss after the 27th of February 2020 (not all tested for SARS-CoV-2), 6.2% were current smokers & 25.2% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36065887/
6,463/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 2,308* hospitalized with Covid-19, 48.3% had a smoking history

*calculated due to apparent missing data

dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/do…
6,464/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 144,304 w/ psoriasis, S=31.2%
1,180 hosp'd w/ Covid-19: S=32.6%

144,304 matched controls w/o psoriasis: S=28.7%
1,050 hosp'd w/ Covid-19: S=29%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…
6,465/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 98,319 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.9% & F=33.7%

19,693 ICU: C=8.1% & F=37.7%

9,282 died: C=5.7% & F=42.6%

Smoking was focus; worth reading entire paper

Continued
6,465a/

"A total of 2124 current smokers (27.4%; 95% CI, 26.4–28.4) were prescribed NRT..."

"NRT was associated with reduced adjusted odds of mortality (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50–0.82, p <.001..."

"NRT was not associated with ICU admission"

academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar…
6,466/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020; female smoking was 12.4%)

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020; female smoking was 10.2%)

Of 3,752 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (96.6% female), 3.1% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…
6,467/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 544 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=1.8% & F=5.3%

83 died: C=0 & F=10.8%

Note: patients with COPD or sleep apnea were excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,468/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 693 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,469/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,613 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=13.8% & X=11.8%

609 died: C=16.4% & X=13.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,470/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 147 with pulmonary fibrosis while hospitalized with Covid-19, 40.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,471/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 219 with long Covid, S=3.7%

139 with olfactory dysfunction: S=3.6%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,472/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 72 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CS=5.6%

14 with symptoms 6 and 12 months later: CS=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,473/

(apparently) mostly USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 11,371 survey respondents, S=11.3%

3,211 with Covid-19 infection, S=10.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,474/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 55,270 adults, C=18.7% & F=21.4%

1,062 infected with Covid-19: C=16.4% & F=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,475/

Iceland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2020)

Of 4,262 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 9.3% were current smokers (9.1% reported)

diagnprognres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
6,476/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.8% in 2020)

Of 68 with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed COVID-19 infection, 4.4% were current smokers & 26.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,477/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 74 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.4% were current or ex-smokers

20 died: 35% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,478/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 47 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,479/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 189 with Covid-19, 20.1% had a history of smoking

129 hospitalized: 25.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,480/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 632 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,481/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 66 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Philippines

A third study with the same patients

367 of them with stroke: 25.3% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,482/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 900 with thoracic cancers & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 79.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,483/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 155 Covid-19 survivors, 21.3% were smokers (apparently current)

mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1…
6,484/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 44 who were placed on ECMO support for COVID-19 ARDS, AS=2 (4.5%)

30 developed coinfection: AS=2 (6.7%)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jo…

same patients?

6,485/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

CPS=current or previous smoking

Of 467 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, CPS=26.3%

54 died: CPS=33.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-203…
6,486/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 47 with symptoms of fatigue associated with post-Covid syndrome, 4.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
6,487/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 579 with rheumatoid arthritis & Covid-19, C=7.3% & F=39.7%

2,741 match controls with Covid-19 & without rheumatoid arthritis: C=7% & F=34.1%

MN, FL, AZ, WI, MA

thelancet.com/journals/lanrh…
6,488/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 412 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 6.1% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-205…
6,489/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

SV=smoke or vape (not specified if current or ever)

Of 605,849 household contacts to SARS-CoV-2 cases, SV=1.8%

145,899 converted to a case: SV=2.1%

aOR: 0.83 (0.80-0.87)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,490/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 377 age 12 to 25 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 0.3% was a daily smoker

105 controls who tested negative: zero were daily smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-202…
6,491/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 67 still alive at least 3 months after Covid-19 diagnosis, 14.9% were smokers & 26.9% were ex-smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36101980/
6,492/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 28 With SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICU for respiratory impairment, two were active smokers (7.1%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,493/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 197,353 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & ≥1 characteristic associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19* (non-hospitalized), 37.8% were smokers (not specified...)

*current smoking was deemed one
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,494/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

cigarette smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 3,988 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, A=6.2% & F=1.6%

1,864 of them at 2-year follow-up: A=6.4% & F=1.8%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,495/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,322 hospitalized with Covid-19, 45.2% had a smoking history

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
6,496/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 60 in ICU for Covid-19 & discharged alive, 1.7% was an active smoker & 55% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Slovakia

apparently the same patients

researchsquare.com/article/rs-202…

6,497/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

Of 365 hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-206…
6,498/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 306 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 12.6% were smokers (apparently current)

"some reported smoking less than a pack (8.1%) or a pack of cigarettes daily (4.5%)"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-189…
6,499/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 38* with post-Covid condition, 3 were active smokers (7.9%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data for 1 participant

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sm…
6,500/

USA (adult male current smoking rate was 16.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 61,119 men diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=5.7%

65,806 uninfected controls: CS=6.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-198…
6,501/

District of Columbia, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.3% in 2020)

Of 1,175 university student diagnosed with Covid-19, 80.4% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,502/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 8,920 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,503/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 239 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, 8.8% were current smokers & 23.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,504/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

Of 28 hospitalized for Covid-19 infection, 53.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,505/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=current or past smokers

Of 66,565 hosp'd w/ SARS-CoV-2 treated with advanced respiratory support, S=22.8%

28,256 HFNC: S=24.6%
24,112 non-invasive ventilation: S=27%
14,197 invasive: S=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,506/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 589 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=3.6%

246 asymptomatic: CS=2%
265 mild: CS=3.4%
36 moderate: CS=5.6%
42 severe: CS=11.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,507/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 276 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, "Only 44 (15.9%) patients were smokers."

"smoking...not found to be significantly associated with thromboembolic complications"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,508/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 28 with interstitial lung disease & Covid-19, 35.7% were former smokers

10 died: 50% were former smokers

Zero were current smokers apparently

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,509/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (D=daily, O=not every day)

Of 9,453 health care workers tested for antibodies, CS=24.2% (D=8.4%, O=15.7%)

242 positive: CS=21.1% (D=8.3%, O=12.8%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,510/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 844 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=21.3%

48 with major adverse cardiovascular events: SH=22.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,511/

Japan (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 281 pregnant women with Covid-19, C=5.3% & F=15.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,512/

West Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 22.6% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 61 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with hypoxic respiratory failure, C=6.6% & F=50.8%

13 matched controls (pre-pandemic): C=30.8% & F=23.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,513/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

NS=never smoker

Of 284 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, NS=57.7%

209 "mild": NS=58.4%
23 severe: NS=73.9%
52 critical: NS=48.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,514/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 854 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, "46 (5.39%) patients were active smokers"

97 died: 8.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,515/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 246 with kidney failure receiving dialysis who tested positive for COVID-19, 12.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,516/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,021 individuals, C=4.5% & F=22.6% (22.5% reported)

254 tested positive for Covid-19: C=3.5% & F=22%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,517/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 270* with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy diagnosed with Covid-19, 31.1% were ever smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,518/

Oklahoma, USA (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2020)

Of 19 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, zero were current vapers

Of 13 of the same people, 3 (23.3%) were current smokers: 1 (7.7%) every day & 2 some days (15.4%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,519/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 156 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=25%

204 controls (hospitalized, tested negative): SH=6.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36119318/
6,520/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 88 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.8%

71 uninfected HCWs: S=21.1%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
6,521/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

S=smoker (or stopped < 1 year ago), X=ex-smoker

Of 42,621 individuals, S=14.8% & X=23.9%

6,560 diagnosed with Covid-19: S=13.2% & X=21.7%

Continued
6,521a/

3,936 diagnosed by RT-PCR (with or without clinician diagnosis): S=11.9% & X=21.2%

2,624 by clinician only (not by RT-PCR): S=15.2% & X=22.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-205…
6,522/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,455 still alive more than a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-ar…
6,523/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 470 with Covid-19, S=7.4%

263 hospitalized: S=9.5%

76 ICU: S=10.5%

47 intubated: S=8.5%

57 died: S=7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,524/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 1,026 diagnosed with Covid-19, tobacco & khat use status is reported in the table below.

"...consumers of tobacco products suffered fewer COVID-19 symptoms..."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,525/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking in the previous year

Of 2,516 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=12.6%

547 positive: S=13%

911 positive at a later date: S=13.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,526/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking ("recent history")

Of 194 with Covid-19, S=4.1%

151 moderate: S=5.1%
21 severe: S=0
22 critical: S=0

194 age-matched (but not sex-matched) uninfected controls: S=3.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,527/

South Africa

339 mothers were tested for antibodies over 4 waves

"smoking occurred in 124 (36·6%)"

"...current smoking was associated with seronegativity (adjusted OR=0·43, 95% CI: 0·27; 0·69, p<0.001)"

Details in supplement

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,528/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=18.3%

60 healthy controls: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,529/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,104 survey respondents, S=23.6%

108 diagnosed with Covid-19: S=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,530/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 168 w/ chronic kidney disease hospitalized w/ Covid-19, AS=6.5%

133 oxygen therapy: AS=7.5%

49 ICU: AS=4.1%

35 invasive ventilation: AS=2.9%

41 died: AS=9.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,531/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 129 hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 1 (0.8%) had reported smoking history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,532/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, S=stopped

Of 223 w/ suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, A=19.7% & S=9%

161 positive: A=14.3% & S=8.1%

87 hospitalized: A=10.3% & S=9.2%*

error in Table 2

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,533/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 121 with Covid-19, 12.4% were active smokers & 31.4% were former smokers

"All 4 cases in need of ICU were current or former smokers, and 1 death occurred in the former group"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤦‍♂️ Image
6,534/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 169 hospitalized with Covid-19, "20.7% was current smoker, and 26% was former smoker"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,535/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 573 with asthma, 6.5% were smokers & 30.2% were ex-smokers

13 with Covid-19: zero were smokers & 23.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,536/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 27* hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 3 were active smokers (11.1%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,537/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 396 who survived Covid-19, "The number of smokers in the study was 333 (84.1%)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,538/

India (est. current "tobacco" use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

ST=Smoking/tobacco chewing

Of 645 slum residents tested for antibodies, ST=32.4%

203 positive: ST=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,539/

Malta (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

Of 2,644 with Covid-19 infection, 16.9% were smokers & 10.4% were ex-smokers (10.3% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,540/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 426 with Covid-19, 86.2% were nonsmokers (not specified if never or not current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,541/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 110 with lung cancer tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=20.9% & F=58.2%

38 positive: C=10.5% & F=65.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,542/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 983 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.7% & X=20.5%

405 of them in 2022: S=9.4% & X=25.2%

Continued
6,542a/

Of 2022 patients:

94 asymptomatic: S=11.7% & X=12.8%

127 symptomatic, no oxygen required: S=7.9% & X=17.3%

92 required oxygen but did not deteriorate: S=10.9% & X=32.6%

92 deteriorated: S=7.6% & X=41.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,543/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 3,492 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 33.3% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,544/

Maryland, USA

Of 36 who died (of the 105 Covid-19 patients), S=5.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,545/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 114 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.1% were active smokers & 44.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,546/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 195 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.2%

81 ICU: S=13.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,547/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 164,471 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=5.2%

578 with myocarditis: T=4.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,548/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 24,563 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1.9%

2,556 severe: S=2.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-196…
6,549/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,182 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.8% were active smokers

Note: not a random sample; see methods

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,550/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

220 non-critical: S=3.6%

308 critical: S=3.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-194…

apparently the same patients

6,551/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,151 with asymptomatic Covid-19, 20.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-204…
6,552/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 3,062 vaccinated individuals hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8%

12,248 matched controls hospitalized for other reasons: CS=10.2%

Note: 6 western states

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
6,553/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 37 in ICU due to SARS-CoV-2 who developed pneumothorax, 43.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,554/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 390 reporting post-COVID symptoms for at least three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (81% female), 9% were smokers & 42.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,555/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 172 still alive ~20 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.9% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,556/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 47 with Covid-19 pneumonia who reported chest pain, "Nine of the patients included in this study (9/47, 19.1%) had a smoking history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,557/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 52 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,558/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 hospitalized with STEMI & Covid-19, S=28%

12 died: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,559/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 91 (apparently hospitalized) with Covid-19, 3.3% smoked nowadays & 16.5% smoked previously

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,560/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 211 in a Covid-19 isolation facility & tested for SARS-CoV-2 (stool & nasopharyngeal samples), AS=32.2%

158 tested positive (either or both): AS=36.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,561/

India (adult smoking was 10.7% & smokeless tob. use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

T=tobacco use (not specified...)

Of 773 hospital employees & adult dependents who recovered from acute SARS=CoV-2 infection, T=17.3%

257 with post-Covid symptoms: T=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,562/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 294 hospitalized with Covid-19 of whom 98 died, "Smoking was observed in 16% of the patients (21.4% in expired and 13.3% in recovered groups)" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,563/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 76 with pneumothorax, S=65.8%

34 with Covid-19: S=47.1%
42 without Covid-19: S=81%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,564/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 60 with Covid-19, 5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,565/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not clear if current or ever)

Of 15* medical staff with a history of Covid-19, S=1 (6.7%)

35* non-infected: S=6 (17.1%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,566/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 208 still alive at least 2 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.4% were current smokers & 13% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,567/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 46 outpatients with mild or moderate Covid-19, "Only 10.9% (n = 5) of patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,568/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020: cigarettes=26.7%)

Of 901 with Covid-19, 57.8% were current smokers (24.2% cigarettes, 30.5% waterpipe & 3.1% both)

Note: Zero former smokers? Excluded? Counted as current?

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
6,569/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 1,345 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13% were smokers & 25.6% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,570/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,610,719 vaccinated veterans, CS=20.7%

1,572 with breakthrough Covid-19 infection: CS=18.3%

1,435 hospitalized with pneumonia and/or died: CS=16.4%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
6,571/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,110 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1.3%

318 died: S=1.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-197…
6,572/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 19,284 hospitalized with Covid-19, 19.9% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,573/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 1,866 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.7% were active smokers & 21.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,574/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 286 hosp'd w/ Covid-19, C=24.8% & X=19.6%

"...there was no significant difference in mortality between ex-smokers, non-smokers, and current smokers."

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36164949/
6,575/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 202 w/ eosinophilic asthma, CSU, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, ES=34.2%

31 with Covid-19: ES=29%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36164947/
6,576/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 63 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=20.6%

224 healthy controls: S=22.8%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36162469/
6,577/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 352 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.1%

55 died: S=5.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,578/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 261 who died due to Covid-19, 40.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,579/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 28,646 age 40 to 79 who had positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, 46.9% had a history of smoking (not clear what that means; might be past year, might not)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,580/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,994 with diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 33.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,581/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 378 hospitalized Covid-19 patients, 22.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,582/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 43 hosp'd with Covid-19, S=11.6% (15% reported)

43 matched controls hosp'd w/ other respiratory ailments: S=16.3% (18% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,583/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 253 with a history of history of kidney disease hospitalized for any reason, S=12.6%

176 with Covid-19: S=9.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-200…
6,584/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,108 with Covid-19, S=2%

133 died: S=3.8% (3.9% reported)

Note: error in Table 1

researchsquare.com/article/rs-190…
6,585/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 19,868 with Covid-19, 29.4% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-211…
6,586/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 472 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-209…
6,587/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

In 8,735 Covid-19 emergency department encounters (some individuals had more than one), 38.9% were with ever smokers

academic.oup.com/aje/advance-ar…
6,588/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 42 Covid-19 survivors, 50% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,589/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 125 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required supplementary oxygen, 4% were current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ec…
6,590/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 46 with Covid-19, SH=17.4%

24 vaccinated: SH=8.3%
22 unvaccinated: SH=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,591/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 223 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers & 37.2% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,592/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 58 hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 associated respiratory failure, S=3.4% & X=44.8%

16 ICU: S=6.3% & X=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,593/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 29 with respiratory failure secondary to severe COVID-19 infection & supported with ECMO, "None of the patients were active smokers or had a history of vaping"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,594/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 54 age 65+ hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, 20.4% had history of previous tobacco use

Current tobacco use not mentioned

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,595/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 302 w/ Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 21.9% were smokers (not specified...)

"..no significant difference in the number of days with...symptoms between the smoking and non-smoking.."
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177839/
6,596/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...; "in the 2 years prior to specimen collection date")

Of 27,749 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=18.8%

84,469 matched controls tested negative: S=20.6%
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,597/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 health care workers with a history of Covid-19 infection, S=1 (1.8%)

42 non-severe: S=1 (2.4%)
14 severe: S=0

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
6,598/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 3,298 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.2% were active smokers & 16.5% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,599/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 11 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 before, during, or after lung irradiation, 6 had a history of smoking (54.5%)

8 female, 3 male

type
7 breast
2 lung
1 tongue
1 esophagus
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/17…
6,600/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 178 in ICU with Covid-19, S=13.5%

131 died: S=15.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-212…
6,601/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 405 age 60+ with dementia hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3% & P=14.3%

1,151 matched controls (w/o dementia hosp'd with Covid-19): C=3.6% & P=21.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-197…
6,602/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 201 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=79.6%

84 with complications: S=76.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-212…
6,603/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 173 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 17.3% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
6,604/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 42 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,605/

Spain (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 67 in ICU for severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, S=3%

15 with preeclampsia (PE) or PE-like syndrome, S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,606/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 47 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, 8.5% were smokers & 27.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,607/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 4,859 infected with Covid-19, HS=1.5%

137 hospitalized: HS=0.7%

110 died: HS=0.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,608/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 56 who reported post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms, zero were current smokers & 21.4% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,609/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 535 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.1% were smokers (apparently ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36192452/
6,610/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 50 with acute coronary syndrome & Covid-19, S=34%

100 with acute coronary syndrome but without Covid-19, S=46

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jo…
6,611/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 357,988 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.3% were current smokers & 15.4% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,612/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,887* hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.7% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-211…
6,613/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,905 with Covid-19, 24.4% were smokers or ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-209…
6,614/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.6% & X=43.7%

25 ICU: S=4% & X=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,615/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 12,790 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=14.9%

1,783 ICU: S=17%

1,488 died: S=16.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,616/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 217 with T2 diabetes diagnosed with Covid-19 infection, 21.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,617/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

All hospitalized with Covid-19:

Of 94 with T2 diabetes, AS=6.4% (7% reported)

108 matched controls without diabetes: AS=7.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-210…
6,618/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking ("Past or today")

Of 171 with Covid-19, S=18.7%

110 hospitalized: S=20%

52 ICU: S=23.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,619/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 278 hospitalized because of mild or moderate Covid-19, 10.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,620/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 31,006 with T2 diabetes infected with SARS-CoV-2, "50.9% were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,621/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 403 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 3 times)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,622/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

APS=active or previous smoker

Of 319 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, APS=37.3%
153 positive: APS=34%

170 hospitalized: APS=45.3%
95 with Covid-19: APS=37.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,623/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 199,498 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4.2%

47,752 with long Covid: S=10.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,624/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 279 Covid-19 survivors with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, 1.4% were current smokers & 25.7% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,625/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 437,273 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=23.2% & X=38.3%

1,688,792 matched controls who never tested positive: C=28.6% & X=32.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,626/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

Of 310 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-213…
6,627/

Scotland, UK (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

Of 9,591 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 11.4% were current smokers & 20.9% were ex-smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
6,628/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 31 non-hospitalized Covid-19 patients with asthma, 9.7% were current smokers & 12.9% had a previous smoking history

"More than one-half...were second-hand smokers (64.5%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,629/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 1,699 with rheumatic diseases & SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=6.3% & P=22.5%

441 hospitalized: C=5.2% & P=32.2%

68 died: C=2.9% & P=36.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,630/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 52 with cardiovascular symptoms after being discharged from hospital with Covid-19, 48.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,631/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 21 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=33.3%

13 mild/moderate: S=30.8%
8 severe/critical: S=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,632/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 37 Covid-19 survivors, 29.7% were previous smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,633/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.8% in 2020)

Of 151 with SARS-Cov-2 infection & underlying comorbidities (prior or current diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and/or a history of thromboembolic event), 6% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,634/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,639 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.7% & F=36.5%

"never smoking (0.46; 0.32–0.67) and former smoking (0.62; 0.43–0.90) were associated with lower mortality"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-211…
6,635/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

Of 2,779 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27% had a smoking history

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
6,636/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking or vaping: C=current, F=former

Of 2,606 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.1% & F=17.1%

Of 2,119 hospitalized with Covid-19 (mostly the same patients): C=5.6% & F=15%

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
6,637/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 125 Covid-19 survivors (not hospitalized), S=30.4%

347 controls (never tested positive for SARS-CoV-2): S=42.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,638/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 110 with a history of Covid-19 infection, 9 were current smokers & 9 were ex-smokers (8.2% each)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,639/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 150 still alive one year after hospitalization with Covid-19, 2% were smokers & 24.7% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36215250/ Image
6,640/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 145 critical Covid-19 survivors, 2.8% were current tobacco users & 49% were former tobacco users

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/re…
6,641/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,297 Covid-19 survivors, 12.4% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-213…
Russia

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,642/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 30 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,643/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 51 who died in hospital with Covid-19, 51% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,644/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 108 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=8.3%

20 died: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients as in 4,377 & 4,578

6,645/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of (apparently) 31,260 hospitalized with Covid-19, 63.6% did not have a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,646/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 1,062 hospitalized with severe to critical COVID-19 pneumonia, 15.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,647/

(apparently) Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.8% in 2020)

Of 62 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure meeting ECMO eligibility criteria, 25.8% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,648/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,678,995 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=6.2% (6.3% reported)

222,130 died: SH=3.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,649/

Colorado, USA (adult female tobacco smoking rate was 11.4% in 2020)

Of 441 with Covid-19 infection during pregnancy, 5.7% used tobacco during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,650/

Mexico (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 13,879 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=1.9%

150 died: S=1.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,651/

Tunisia (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 40.9% in 2020)

S=5+ pack/years smoking (apparently ever)

Of 14 males age 50+ hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), S=9 (64.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,652/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking, X=ex-smoking

Of 31 treated with ECMO in ICU with Covid-19, S=1 (3.2%) & X=3 (9.7%)

12 died: S=1 (8.3%) & X=3 (25%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,653/

Iceland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 164 Covid-19 survivors, ES=54.9%

132 hospitalized: ES=54.1%

29 ICU: ES=51.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,654/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,655/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 100 with acute respiratory disease, AS=15
73 with Covid-19: AS=6.8%

65 ICU: AS=12.3%
49 with Covid-19: AS=6.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,656/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 367 with a history of mild Covid-19 with possible subclinical cardiac involvement, S=7.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

See exclusion criteria 👇 Image
6,657/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 5,503 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36229052/ Image
6,658/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,771,714 individuals, S=10%

3,119,851 of them with confirmed Covid-19, S=9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,659/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 162 who died with Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 2.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,660/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 831 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.5% & P=7.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,661/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

tobacco use: N=now, P=previous

Of 210 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=4.3% & P=40%

50 ICU: N=0 & P=30%

80 healthy controls (hospital staff): N=33.8% & P=40.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,662/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, CXS=51%

43 with pulmonary fibrosis: CXS=55.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,663/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 65 with Covid-19, "only one reported being a current smoker" (1.5%). "Previous smoking was...often reported with a gradient across the clinical severity groups, 18, 38 and 60 %"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,664/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 440 survey respondents age 65+ who reported having Covid-19, 4.2% had smoked in the seven days preceding the survey

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,665/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 30 age 60 or younger still alive after being hospitalized in ICU with Covid-19, "None of the participants was a smoker and only three of them (10%) were former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,666/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 4,423 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 28.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,667/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 119 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 42.9% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,668/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,764 hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=22.4%

147 with new onset atrial fibrillation: AS=27.9%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
6,669/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 29 glioma patients with Covid-19, 20.7% were prior tobacco users (current use not mentioned)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-215…
6,670/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 262 health care workers, S=8.8% (10.68% reported too)

115 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-216…
6,671/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

FAS=former or active smoking

Of 146 in ICU for hypoxemic pneumonia related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, FAS=20.5%

52 with acute cor pulmonale, FAS=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,672/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 683 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection (62.8% female), C=81.6% & F=15.1%

116 tested positive after hospital discharge: C=82.8% & F=13.8%

error?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,673/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 6,664 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were smokers & 3.5% were ex-smokers

Smokers and ex-smokers were combined into one group for outcomes & expenses

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,674/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 1,518 with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, 10.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-215…
6,675/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 697 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.3%

98 died: S=7.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,676/

Indiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 25,253 assessed for Covid-19, CS=23.7%

6,357 tested positive: CS=9.6%

1,480 hospitalized: CS=11.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,677/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 33 in ICU with Covid-19, two were smokers (6.1%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,678/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 224 intubated Covid-19 patients, 61.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,679/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 366 with lymphoproliferative diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, SH=11.7%

134 died: SH=14.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,680/

Thailand (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 38.2% in 2020)

Of 153 males hospitalized with Covid-19, 37.3% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,681/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 188 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required supplementary oxygen, S-43.6%

50 died: S=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,682/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 342 Covid-19 survivors (76.3% female), S=20.5%

180 reported hair loss post-Covid: S=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction (my error)

France

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 669 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.6%

98 died: S=7.1%

6,683/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 2,570 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, AS=17.1%

1,514 positive: AS=15.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,684/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 873 with Covid-19, 27.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,685/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 74 with Covid-19, S=8.1%

30 with liver dysfunction: S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,686/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 30,896 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.3% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,687/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 259 still alive 3 months after being hospitalized (non-ICU) with Covid-19, 9.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-216…
6,688/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S="tobacco smoking use" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 153,137 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=9.3%

5,465 with thrombotic complication: S=21.5%

Continued
6,688a/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 31,364 diagnosed with Covid-19 (not clear if overlap), S=1.2%

1,893 with thrombotic complication: S=11.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,689/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 1,416 health care workers, A=36.1% & X=2%

259 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A=34.4% & X=2.7%

18 hospitalized: A=22.2% & X=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,690/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 634 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.9% were actual or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,691/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 466 prison inmates & staff tested for SARS-CoV-2 (95.7% male), CS=13.3%

130 positive: CS=10.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,692/

Minnesota & Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rates were 13.8% & 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 2,250 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, CS=5.6%

667 reported loss of taste or smell: CS=7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li…
6,693/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 150 hospitalized with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, SH=16.7%

51 confirmed: SH=37.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/no…
6,694/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 with Covid-19, S=32%

12 mild: S=25%
13 severe: S=38.5%

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
6,695/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 20,340 with T2 diabetes & chronic kidney disease, CS=16.6%

402 with Covid-19: CS=9.2%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,696/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 50 renal transplant recipients, SH=24%

14 with Covid-19: SH=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,697/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 5,000 with Covid-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis, 61% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,698/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 58 with pulmonary embolism, HS=8.6%

16 with Covid-19: HS=18.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,699/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 495 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=24%

253 moderate: SH=23.7%
242 severe: SH=24.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,700/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 101 hospitalized with respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 53.5% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-217…
6,701/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 692,570 with Covid-19, 19.8% were current or former smokers

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
6,702/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

Of 49 age 30 to 60 who survived mild Covid-19, 6.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,703/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 32 with pulmonary embolism associated with Covid-19 infection, 12.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,704/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 28 hospitalized with severe-to-critical Covid-19 & discharged alive, A=zero & F=(apparently) 60.7%

8 with hyposmia/anosmia: F=63%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,705/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 908* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,706/

Romania (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=19.4%

12 ICU: S=33.3%

All 4 smokers in ICU had COPD "due to smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,707/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=10%

13 died: HS=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,708/

Italy

Apparently the same patients

128 with tracheostomy: 27.3% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,709/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 4,574 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,710/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 21 with Covid-19, "Four patients (19.1%) were active smokers"

Note: 4/21 is 19.0%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,711/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

PS="present smoking"

Of 96 with symptoms that lasted at 60 days after formal recovery from Covid-19, PS=10.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,712/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 300 in ICU with Covid-19, 10% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,713/

Turkey (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

All women of childbearing age

Of 50 with mild-medium Covid-19, S=34%

51 uninfected controls: S=41.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,714/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 510 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=34.3%

49 with acute limb ischemia: T=42.9%

114 died: T=36%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Kuwait

apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,715/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 150 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=26.7% & X=12.7%

18 with evidence of myocardial injury: A=33.3% & X=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,716/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 253 with long Covid, 36.8% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,717/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 119 with Covid-19, zero were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,718/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 2,851 dialysis patients & kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 8.9% were current tobacco users & 30.6% were prior tobacco users

Note: mostly Europe

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,719/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 71 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, zero were current smokers & 53.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,720/

Mexico

S=passive smoking or smoking

Of 1,349 age 19 & younger with Covid-19, S=0.7%

503 hospitalized: S=1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,721/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 500 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,722/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 687 with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease diagnosed with Covid-19, 4.5% were current smokers & 35.5% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,723/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.5% in 2020)

Of 65 in ICU with Covid-19, 35.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,724/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,242 with Covid-19, C=4.3% & F=29.3%

690 hospitalized: C=3.6% & F=32%

Number of deaths with recorded smoking status exceeds total number of deaths

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,725/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 149 hospitalized for non-pulmonary reasons who were discovered to have Covid-19, 25.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,726/

Of 91 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.6% were smokers & 41.8% were ex-smokers

Note: not specified where; possibly Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,727/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 83 in ICU with Covid-19, 15.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,728/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 957* in ICU with Covid-19, 5.3% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,729/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.9% were active smokers & 18.6% were former smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rt…
6,730/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 180 post-Covid-19 patients, C=4.4% & P=16.1%

146 (presumably) uninfected controls with smell loss: C=6.2% & P=21.2%

all percentages calculated

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/la…
6,731/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

ES=ever smoking

Of 182 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, ES=44%

56 with persistent chest x-ray abnormality at 12 weeks: ES=55.4%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36316730/
6,732/

Luxembourg (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 288 still alive 12 months after Covid-19, S=15.6%

139 mild: S=11.5%
106 moderate: S=14.2%
43 severe: S=32.6%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
6,733/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 44 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 15.9% were current smokers & 45.5% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-220…
6,734/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 434 still alive 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=2.1% & F=26.7%

151 hospitalized (while infected): C=2% & F=37.7%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
6,735/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of ~618,159* with confirmed or probable Covid-19 & symptomatic contacts, 8.8% were smokers or vapers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,736/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 111 who recovered fro Covid-19 infection, S=9% (8.7% reported)

55 mild: S=7.3% (6.9% reported)
56 severe: S=10.7% (11.8% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,737/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 271 with Covid-19, S=23.6% & X=12.2%

184 of them with pneumonia: S=25% & X=15.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,738/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 2,639 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were current smokers & 30% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,739/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 12,287 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required supplemental oxygen, 2.8% were active smokers & 31.3% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,740/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 463 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.6% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,741/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 89,216 veterans still alive 30 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, C=17.1% & F=25.3%

Of 1,726,683 veterans (tested or not), C=23% & F=23.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,742/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 397 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.8% were smokers (8.9% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,743/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 6,097 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

OR (mortality): 1.40 (1.11-1.76) p=.004

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Denmark

Same patients. This one says:

C=9 (4.4%) & F=61 (30%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,744/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

Of 103 organ transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,745/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 69 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=11.6%

52 with post-Covid-19 syndrome: S=11.5%

69 controls (HCWs who tested negative): S=24.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,746/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

Of 100 critically ill with Covid-19, five were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,747/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 3,876 with Covid-19, ES=22.4%

120 died: ES=47.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,748/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of 496 hospitalized with Covid-19, HT=23%

267 moderate: HT=21.7%
229 severe: HT=24.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,749/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 227 critically in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.2% were current tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,750/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 119 with more than two persisting symptoms 12 weeks after COVID-19, 5.9% were current smokers & 30.3% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanep…
6,751/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking

Of 410 with multiple sclerosis or related conditions, S=32.7%

86 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=21.3%

OR: 0.491; 95% CI 0.275–0.878; p = 0.017

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,752/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 319 age 18 to 65 with post-Covid condition, S=6.9% (7.0% reported)

109 healthy controls: S=24.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,753/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 300 in ICU with Covid-19, 13% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,754/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 93 hospitalized with moderate or severe (non-critical) Covid-19, S=9.7%

65 w/ gastrointestinal symptoms: S=7.7%

22 w/ elevated liver enzyme: S=18.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,755/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 993 with Covid-19, S=6.6%

21 died within 90 days (any cause): S=9.5% (8.7% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,756/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 671 (of the same individuals as in tweet 6,755) diagnosed with Covid-19 as outpatients, CS=6.6%

26 subsequently hospitalized: CS=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,757/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 84 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized due to Covid-19 pneumonia, "49 participants were never-smokers" (58.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,758/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 232 in ICU with Covid-19, C=15.5% & F=42.2%

163 died: C=14.7% & F=49.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36332207/
6,759/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 56,340 veterans w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection w/ at least one risk factor* of progression to severe COVID-19, 13.7% were current smokers & 42% were former smokers

*current smoking was deemed to be one

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,760/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 8,485 with cancer diagnoses (including cancers in remission) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 45.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,761/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 807 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30.5% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,762/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

apparently the same patients

This one says 21.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

~164 died: 22% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

6,763/

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Spain, and Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5%, 25.7%, 24.5% & 30.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 14,236 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=3.2%

2,988 died: CS=2.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,764/

Armenia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=past

Of 3,403 tested for antibodies, C=16.8% & P=8.6%

2,300+ positive

OR positivity

C: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.22; 0.40
P: not significant

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

🤨 Image
6,765/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 618 with breakthrough Covid-19 infection, 17.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,766/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 538 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.9% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,767/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 78 (recently-infected) post-Covid patients with air leak, S=3 (3.8%)

51 died: S=1 (2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,768/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 65* health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, two were smokers (3.1%) & 9 were past smokers (13.8%)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,769/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,708* hospitalized due to Covid-19 who had an ECG, S=7.2%

444* with major electrocardiographic abnormality: S=3.6%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,770/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 470 diagnosed with Covid-19, 15.3% were active smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
6,771/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 33 with severe Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, S=35.5%

14 with right ventricular dysfunction: S=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,772/

Wales, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2019)

Of 75 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,773/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 249 with Covid-19, 8.4% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-223…
6,774/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 155 still alive 2 years after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.3% were smokers

Notes:

10.9% reported. If missing data, ~148 participants

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,775/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (past 12 months)

Of 1,847 Covid-19 survivors, S=8.8%

796 asymptomatic or mild: S=9.5% (9.6% reported)
571 moderate: S=9.3%
480 severe: S=7.1%

1,013 with long Covid: S=9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,776/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 819 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.9% were current smokers & 7.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,777/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 251 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,778/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 600 hospitalized for Covid-19, CXS=31%

61 with delirium: CXS=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,779/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 100 w/ cardiovascular comorbidities (CVC) who survived hospitalization with COVID-19 infection, S=15

31 controls (with CVC, uninfected): S=16.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-224…
6,780/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco consumption

Of 3,972 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HT=48.1%

861 with at least 1 persistent symptom 2 months after infection: HT=53.1%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
6,781/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 560 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,782/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking

Of 36 age 18 to 50 with mild Covid-19, 19.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36355087/

Note: see inclusion & exclusion criteria Image
6,783/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 484,535 veterans still alive after SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=24.1% & F=30.4%

40,947 reinfected: C=23.2% & F=30.3%

5,334,729 noninfected controls: C=25% & F=28.9%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
6,784/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 287 who survived Covid-19, S=6.6% & X=30.3%

83 mild: S=9.6% & X=27.7%
126 moderate: S=7.9% & X=34.1%
78 severe/critical: S=1.3% & X=26.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,785/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 300 kidney transplant recipients hosp'd w/ Covid-19, S=20.7%

225 with hypertension: S=21.3%

Of the 225:
114 ICU: S=27.2%
151 died: S=17.2% (error?)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36366507/
6,786/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 191 hospitalized Covid-19 patients age 70+ with preexisting neuropsychiatric comorbidities and/or new neuropsychiatric manifestations, CS=12%

37 died: CS=8.1%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/br…
6,787/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

Of 2,478 with Covid-19, S=3.2%

420 died: S=6.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-224…
6,788/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 94 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, C=23.4% & F=22.3%

47 with pulmonary embolism: C=17% & F=31.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36371754/
6,789/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 1,515 hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/im…
6,790/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 134 diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=15.7%

7 asymptomatic: CS=0
41 mild: CS=14.6%
62 moderate: CS=17.7%
24 severe: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,791/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 4,870 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=24%

589 died: SH=34.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,792/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult current smoking rates were 10.9% & 11.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,563 hospitalized with chronic liver disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=10.4% & F=22%

520 nonsevere: C=12.7% & F=17.7%
2,043 severe: C=9.8% & F=23.2%

Continued
6,792a/

201 died: C=10.9% & F=34.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,793/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 60 with Covid-19, S=1.7% & F=16.7%

43 healthy controls: C=0 & F=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,794/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 161 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=16.1%

58 with myocardial injury: S=20.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,795/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 52 intubated in ICU with ARDS due to COVID-19 related pneumonia, 13.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,796/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 61 discharged alive after being in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.9% were current smokers & 9.8% were former smokers (<10 years)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Saudi Arabia

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,797/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 19,519 with Covid-19, 3% were current smokers & 1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,798/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 144 exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster who died Covid-19 related deaths, ES=54.2%

434 died non-Covid-19-specific deaths in the same time period: ES=56.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,799/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 57 in ICU with STEMI & Covid-19, AS=28.1%

74 matched controls (in ICU with STEMI, without Covid-19): AS=27%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,800/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 5,401 who died in hospital with Covid-19, 5.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,801/

Luxembourg (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 259 with Covid-19, 68.3% were smokers & 14.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,802/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 309,039 with Covid-19, 38.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,803/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 43 with Covid-19, 32.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,804/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

Of 94 with Covid-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for severe acute respiratory failure, 7.4% were current smokers (or quit in the previous year) & 36.2% were ex-smokers > 1 year
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,805/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

Of 2,098 Covid-19-positive patients who underwent surgeries and/or procedures in hospital, "35.2% were former smokers, and 10.2% were current smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,806/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 59 with Covid-19, ES=13.6%

28 non-severe: ES=10.7%
31 severe: ES=16.1%

30 healthy controls: ES=36.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,807/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 2,921 with asthma diagnosed with Covid-19, 6.4% were current smokers & 29% had previously smoked

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,808/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 38 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.2% were present smokers & 50% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,809/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

PPS=past/present smoker

Of 1,325 diagnosed with Covid-19, PPS=13.1%

71 with complications: PPS=16.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,810/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 549 in ICU with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, C=4.2% & F=33.7%

21 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: C=0 & F=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,811/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 6,455 with myocarditis hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22.2%

11,515 hospitalized with non-Covid-19 myocarditis: S=35.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,812/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 54 who recovered from mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,813/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 69 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,814/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,420 still alive 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=12.5% & X=27%

249 with fatigue: C=14.5% & X=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
California, USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,815/

Scotland, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 15.4% in 2019)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 575 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.6% & X=37.7%

148 died: S=5.4% & X=45.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,816/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 133 hospitalized with Covid-19, 54.1% were non-smokers (not specified if non-current or never)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,817/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 540 SARS-CoV-2 positive health care workers, 14.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,818/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 35 in ICU with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 2.9% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,819/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoke (not specified...)

Of 32 with persistent cardiac symptoms after discharge from the hospital following COVID-19 infection, S=15.6%

21 matched (uninfected) controls: S=19%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,820/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 2,044 health care workers tested for antibodies, 222 tested positive

"Reporting being a smoker was associated with a lower risk of infection (OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.76); p=0.007)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,821/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 56 health care workers hospitalized for Covid-19, "7.5% of hospitalized HCWs were active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,822/

India (est. current "tobacco" use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

Of 585 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.1% were smokers & 0.3% chewed tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,823/

(mostly) Europe

CS=current smoker

Of 1,076 who received ECMO support for refractory COVID-19, CS=12.7%

~527 died: CS=15%

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
6,824/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

Of 25 with anorexia nervosa (most female) diagnosed with Covid-19, 8% were current smokers & 24% were past smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ea…
6,825/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 546 with Covid-19, 12.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-221…
6,826/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

AS=active tobacco smoking

Of 51 still alive 3 months after Covid-19 diagnosis, AS=35.3%

21 hospitalized: AS=28.6%

10 ICU: AS=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,827/

India & Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% & 13% in 2020)

Of 787 hospitalized in India (778) & Australia (9) with Covid-19, 3.7% were smokers & 15.1% had previously smoked

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,828/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 20 with underlying cardiac disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized either due to their underlying condition or to COVID-19, 30% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,829/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

cigarette smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 1,335 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=2.6% & X=0.7%

188 died: A=2.1% & X=1.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,830/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 136 admitted to a Covid-19 isolation & treatment center, "Most of them (85.29%) had no history of smoking but 97.04% drank alcohol"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,831/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

Of 282 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,832/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 57 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, A=0 & F=43.9%

33 moderate: F=45.5%
24 severe: F=41.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,833/

Of 57 who had multiple myeloma, tested positive for COVID-19 & were hospitalized, 22.8% were current smokers & 31.6% were former smokers

Not stated where. Apparently USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020). Authors from Florida, Ohio & NY

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,834/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

SHS=second hand smoke exposure (not defined)

Of 200 children (67) & adolescents (133) with Covid-19 infection, SHS=30%

100 hospitalized: SHS=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,835/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 3,314 with Covid-19, 14.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,836/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 28 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, C=7.1% & F=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
China

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,837/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 5,703 with hematological malignancies who underwent bone marrow transplant, AS=24.6%

547 with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to BMT: AS=29.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,838/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 231 with long Covid, T=8.7%

86 with significant improvement or complete remission at one year: T=8.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,839/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

current use: C=cigarettes, E=e-cigarettes

Of 6,989 survey respondents age 11 to 23, C=10.2% & E=5.7%

529 with Covid-19 infection

aORs
C: 1.01 (0.75, 1.35) p=0.97
E: 1.81 (1.12, 2.92) p=0.02

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,840/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 26 hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,841/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 414 with Covid-19, AS=79.2%

14 with with de novo bronchiectasis: AS=35.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,842/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently past 10 years)

Of 1,031 with breast cancer tested for Covid-19, S=23.3%

135 positive: S=17%

16 died from Covid-19: S=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,843/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 468 still alive 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=13.9% & X=22.6%

157 with at least one post-COVID-19 complication: C=14.6% & X=22.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,844/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 5,735 hospitalized with Covid-19 who experienced respiratory deterioration after a first of dexamethasone, 2.5% were active smokers & 33.7% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,845/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoker, P=previous smoker

Of 33 tested for antibodies 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3% & P=21.2%

6 positive: S=0 & P=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,846/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 40 hospitalized with moderate Covid-19 (non-ICU), 5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,847/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 42 with Covid-19 ARDS intubated in ICU, S=23.8%

12 required ECMO and/or died: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,848/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

S=smoker
T=smokeless tobacco
N=tobacco-free nicotine product

Of 10,194 tested for SARS-CoV-2:
S=9%
T=11.9%
N=2.8%

3,009 positive:
S=7%
T=12.8%
N=2.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,849/

Hawaii, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 11.6% in 2020)

SH=smoking history (past/current)

Of 21 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=28.6%

11 with post-acute sequelae 30+ days after infection: SH=36.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,850/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, A="already smoked"

Of 397 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required invasive mechanical ventilation, S=2.3% & A=4.8%

183 died in hospital: S=1.1% & A=7.7%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
6,851/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 215 diagnosed with long Covid, 29.3% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-226…
6,852/

Turkey (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 477 male bus drivers & public transportation field officers with Covid-19, C=30% (29.35% reported) & F=40%

117 hospitalized: C=22.2% & F=31.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36404566/
6,853/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 69 with prediabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 50.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
6,854/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.8% in 2020)

Of 12 in ICU with COVID-19-associated ARDS & managed with ECMO, 16.7% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,855/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoked

Of 3,491 with dementia hospitalized with Covid-19, ES=23.3%

6,982 matched controls without dementia hospitalized with Covid-19: ES=31.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,856/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 349 hospitalized with non-severe Covid-19, CS=2%

22 with hyposmia: CS=4.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,857/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 106 hospitalized with deep venous thrombosis, S=7.5%

23 with current or recent Covid-19: S=0
27 with non-recent Covid-19: S=3.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,858/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 180* hospitalized with stroke & Covid-19, S=12.2%

124* stroke after COVID-19: S=10.5%
56 COVID-19 after stroke: S=16.1%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,859/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 490 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 4.3% were current/active smokers & 33.5% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,860/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 71 with long Covid, 7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,861/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
Peru (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2020)

C=current, E=ever
smoking: C=cigarettes, M=marijuana

Of 373 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection:

CC=6.7%
EC=32.7%
CM=5.6%
EM=26.5%

Continued
6,861a/

CC and/or CM=10.7%
EC and/or EM=41.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,862/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

AS=active smoker

Of 239 hospitalized due to COVID-19, AS=4.6%

94 with an increase in severity: AS=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,863/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 120 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 14.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,864/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (DH=during hospitalization)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=68 (DH=5)

41 moderate: CS=80.5% (DH=7.3%)
59 severe: CS=59.3% (DH=3.4%)

mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/4…
6,865/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 228,367 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 61.1% were current or former smokers

nature.com/articles/s4139…
6,866/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

T=chronic tobacco use

Of 127 infected with SARS-CoV-2 with ≥1 risk factor for disease progression, T=4.7%

62 with active hematological malignancies: T=1.6%
65 without HM: T=7.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-229… Image
6,867/

Bangladesh/Myanmar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6%/19.7% in 2020)

S=(tobacco) smoking

Of 2,392 forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals tested for antibodies, S=21.4%

1,543 positive: S=19.6%

uOR: 0.70
aOR: 0.63

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,868/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 120 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 0.8% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,869/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 318 hospitalized for STEMI, S=58.8%

191 with history of Covid-19: S=60.7%

Note: error in Table 1. First number might be 56.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,870/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 97 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=5.2% & F=7.2%

49 intubated in ICU: C=4.1% & F=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,871/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 117 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=9.4%

38 ICU: T=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,872/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 131 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 10.7% were current smokers & 34.4% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36422085/
6,873/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40 with post-Covid-19, S=22.5%

20 previously treated with invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,874/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 260 individuals, S=17.7%

102 with Covid-19: S=12.7% (12.8% reported)

42 mild: S=21.4%
60 severe: S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,875/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 3,963 with Covid-19, 13% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,876/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 143 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 28.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,877/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 167 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy, S=21%

114 died: S=21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,878/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 838 hospitalized with Covid-19, AS=4.4%

152 died: S=3.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,879/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 889 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=28.8%

143 died: T=42.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,880/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

smoking: C=current (D=daily, O=occasional) & F=former

Of 44,199 individuals, C=13.4% (D=8.6%, O=4.8%) & F=42.6%

395 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: C=15.9% (D=8.6%, O=7.3%) & F=39.5%

Continued
6880a/

Numbers of cases & ORs reported for current & former snus, e-cigarettes (with & without nicotine) & NRT use, but numbers in entire population weren't reported

Note: nicotine use data was collected from 2018 to 2020

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,881/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 36 Covid-19 patients in ICU diagnosed with pneumothorax, 2.8% was an active smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,882/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, P=previous

Of 16,083 with STEMI, A=42.4% & P=13.1%

109 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A=25.7% & P=14.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,883/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 360 age 70+ hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=23.3%

234 matched controls under age 70 hosp'd due to SARS-CoV-2: S=28.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,884/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=chronic smoking (not defined)

Of 83 of Roma ethnicity hospitalized with severe Covid-19, S=31.3%

236 of Romanian ethnicity hospitalized with severe Covid-19, S=26.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,885/

Romania (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 185 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=8.1%

61 gave birth prematurely: S=14.8%

243 w/o Covid-19 gave birth prematurely: S=6.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,886/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 52 age 65+ hospitalized with severe to critical Covid-19, S=26.9%

19 died: S=26.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,887/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19, "only 10.25% were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,888/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 310 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=11.9%

43 with bacterial co-infection: SH=14%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,889/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 108 with asymptomatic, mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13% were current smokers & 14.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,890/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 411 with a history of COVID-19 disease treated as outpatients, 36.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,891/

USA (male current smoking age 18+ was 16.2% in 2020)

ND=nicotine dependence (not specified...)

Of 1,758 males with hemophilia A who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, ND=26.1%

Of 5,191,908 males without hemophilia A who tested positive, ND=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,892/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=cigarette, W=waterpipe (not specified...)

Of 6,607 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=9.5% & W=11.2%

1,090 with cancer: C=19.5% % W=21.7%

497 (of the 1,090) died: C+W=21.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-225…
6,893/

Ghana (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 2.4% in 2020)

Of 159 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ed…
6,894/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 1,255 who survived Covid-19, S=15.3%

849 with olfactory dysfunction: S=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,895/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 210 with spondyloarthritis diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=5.7%

143 controls (with spondyloarthritis, not diagnosed with Covid-19): CS=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,896/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 15 hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.5% were current smokers & 22% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,897/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 19,049 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 4.4% were current smokers & 23.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,898/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current F=former

Of 255 still alive 1 year after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, C=9.8% & F=3.9%

Continued
6,898a/

46 asymptomatic: C=15.2% & F=2.2%
35 mild: C=2.9% & F=0
166 moderate: C=10.2% & F=4.8%
8 severe/critical: C=0 & F=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,899/

Poland (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19% in 2020)

Of 52 pregnant women hospitalized for Covid-19, "None of the patients reported a history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,900/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

Of 1,124 in ICU with severe Covid-19, 2.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-231…
6,901/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 53 with active tuberculosis co-infected with COVID-19, 60.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,902/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 182* still alive 4 months after discharge from hospital w/ Covid-19, 8.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*Text says 177 patients total; discrepancy not explained

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,903/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 12 with Covid-19, C=0 & F=66.7%

8 critical: F=62.5%

4 healthy controls: C=50% & F=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,904/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 84 who died in hospital* with Covid-19, 2.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*Cause of death:
64 Covid-19 pneumonia
19 other causes
1 indeterminate

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,905/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 281 hosp'd w/ Covid-19, 33.8% had a smoking history

"All COPD patients had a...smoking history contrary to the non-COPD group, where only 45 smokers (19.5%) were identified"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,906/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)
Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,281 hospitalized with STEMI, C=46.2% & F=29.2%

533 of them with Covid-19: C=52.7% & F=18.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,907/

(apparently) Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 549 with Covid-19, 31.9% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,908/

Jordan (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.7% in 2020)

Of 530 pregnant women with Covid-19 infection, 7.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,909/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 26 with SARS-CoV-2 & tuberculosis co-infection, "Five (19.23%) patients had history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,910/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 147 with mild Covid-19, "42 (28.6%) were ex-smokers, and 20 (13.6%) were current smokers"

131 symptomatic: 36 (27.5%) were ex-smokers, and 19 (14.5%) were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,911/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 621 vaccinated individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=17.9%

570 asymptomatic or mild: S=17.7%
51 severe or critical: S=19.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,912/

Brazil & South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% & 20.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 hospitalized with non-critical Covid-19, S=16.3%

40 Brazil: S=20%
40 South Africa: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Canada & USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

6,913/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 699,848 age 50+ (or age 18+ w/ a documented underlying health condition) w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, 41.8% were current or former smokers

Note: smoking was considered an underlying health condition

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
6,914/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 491 recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 33% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,915/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 277 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9% were active or former smokers and/or vapers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,916/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking, P=previous smoking

Of 415 with Covid-19 infection, S=22.4% & P=8.7%

93 died: S=23.7% & P=12.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,917/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

Of 116 referred for outpatient rehabilitation therapies after Covid-19*, 31% were current or former smokers

* "The mean duration from COVID-19 diagnosis to referral was 203.2 days"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,918/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 16,020 veterans discharged alive after being hospitalized with Covid-19, C=13% & F=50.9%

2,601 readmitted within 90 days: C=17% & F=52.5%

cdc.gov/pcd/issues/202…
6,919/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 61 with long Covid, 32.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: error in Table 1

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,920/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 139 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 46.8% were smokers (apparently ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,921/

England, UK (current smoking age 18+ was 13.9% in 2019)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 299 in ICU with Covid-19, A=3.7% & X=11%

91 died: A=9.9% & X=2.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,922/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 21,130 hospitalized with Covid-19, ES=36.6%

4,763 died: ES=46.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,923/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 128 hospitalized with ARDS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,924/

(mostly) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 12,611* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=8.4%

1,480 responded to a survey: T=5.5%

476 reported long Covid symptoms: T=6.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,925/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 585 hospitalized for severe Covid-19, 8.2% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,926/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 328,410 diagnosed with Covid-19, 1.4% had a history of smoking

OR (mortality): 0.81 (0.727-0.914) p < 0.001

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,927/

(apparently) Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 258 with Covid-19 who required invasive positive pressure ventilation, C=17.4% & F=24.4%

46 required tracheostomy: C=15.2% & F=32.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,928/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 402 home isolated COVID-19 patients, 5% were current smokers & 4% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,929/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 521 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=35.9%

212 died: S=42%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,930/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 48 with dyspnea when discharged from hospital with Covid-19, "35.4% were addicted to smoking, 14.6% were addicted to alcohol, and 33.3% were addicted to gutkha" (not specified...)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,931/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 222 age 60+ hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=9.5%

96 age 60+ hospitalized with H1N1 (2017-2018): CS=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,932/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 185 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=14.6%

43 died: SH=25.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,933/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoker: A=active, F=former

Of 211 with a history of precapillary pulmonary hypertension who experienced COVID-19, A=7.6% & F=38.9%

52 died: A=9.6% & F=63.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,934/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

T=tobacco (not specified...)

Of 400 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=16.8%

274 mild: T=13.1%
78 moderate: T=29.5%
48 severe: T=16.7%

21 died: T=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,935/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 44 with a history of mild-to-moderate Covid-19 who reported persistent olfactory dysfunction, 11.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li…
6,936/

UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 789 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.6% were current smokers & 32.2% were previous smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,937/

Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

Of 1,473 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.3% were regular smokers (not defined)

When under age 18 excluded, it's 9.4% of 1,454 (assuming all minors didn't smoke)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,938/

Missouri, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.8% in 2020)

Of 79 health care personnel who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, fewer than 5 were smokers (<6.3%)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,939/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 5,539 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.2% were current smokers & 27.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,940/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 with Covid-19, S=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,941/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.5% in 2020)

C=current, P=past
S=smoker, V=vaper

Of 265 health care workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 14+ days after a C-19 booster shot, CS=3.8%

Of 263, PS=14.4%

Of 257, CV=1.6% & PV=1.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,942/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 198 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.2% were current smokers & 23.2% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,943/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 26,007 with multiple myeloma, CFS=25.8%

8,569 diagnosed with Covid-19: CFS=25%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,944/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 2,268 hospitalized with signs/symptoms of respiratory infection, C=10.7% & X=42.5%

795 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=8.9% & X=35.6%

thelancet.com/journals/lanep…
6,945/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 21 hospitalized with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, S=19%

11 w/ Covid-19 (7 male): S=9.1%
10 w/o Covid-19 (2 male): S=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,946/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 20 (10 sets of twins) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,947/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 480 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,948/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 2,051 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=56.3%

623 with cardiac injury: CS=64.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,949/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.5% in 2020)

Of 495 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.9% were current smokers & 27.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,950/

Jordan (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 57.4% in 2020)

Of 204 males hospitalized with Covid-19, 66.7% were smokers. Or 33.3% (authors contradicted themselves).

Either way, not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,951/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 19.3% in 2020)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients

11 died within 6 months: 63.6% were smokers (still not specified...)

6,952/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 669 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.7%

301 with myocardial injury: S=7%

32 with myocardial infarction: S=3.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
6,953/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 44,550 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=5.3%

6,520 ICU: CS=5.7%

7,536 died in hospital: CS=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,954/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 62,451 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=0.4%

16,446 positive: S=0.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,955/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smokers

Of 22,640 with rheumatoid arthritis & Covid-19, CFS=21.8% (21.48% reported)

46,543 matched controls (with RA, uninfected): CFS=29.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,956/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 133 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.3%

13 died: S=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,957/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 272 in ICU with Covid-19, 23.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,958/

India (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

Of 667 who survived Covid-19, 14.2% had a history of tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,959/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 91,753 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=38.8% & F=17.6%

3,841 reinfected: C=32.6% & F=24.1%

Note: vapers & smokeless users excluded

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,960/

France, Belgium & Switzerland (2020 current cigarette smoking: 28.7%, 20.4% & 23.5%)

AS=active smoker

Of 3,388 in ICU with respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=4.2%

1,523 with ventilator-associated pneumonia: AS=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,961/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 358 hospitalized with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, SH=40.2%

19 required ≥4 l/min of oxygen during hospitalization: SH=31.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,962/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18.5% in 2020)

Of 121 with solid malignancies & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.5% were current smokers & 55.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,963/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 133 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22.6%

52 died: S=19.2%

"Hospital...serves south-western -Uganda..Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Rwanda"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,964/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 39 still alive 6 months after Covid-19, "Fourteen patients (36%) had a history of smoking. One patient (3%) was an active smoker."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,965/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 293 who survived hospitalization with Covid-19 pneumonia, 28.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,966/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 125 hospitalized with Covid-19, 30.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,967/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 669 Covid-19 survivors, S=28.6%

278 with long Covid symptoms: S=28.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-231…
6,968/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 18,914 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers

"In this wave, the Mu variant was predominant in 75% of the cases"

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
6,969/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 174 psychiatric inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 43.7% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
6,970/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SFS=smoker or former smoker

Of 73 still alive 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, SFS=20.5%

40 with anosmia or microsmia: SFS=27.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,971/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of ~1,797* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.6%

~460* mild: S=10%
~829* moderate: S=7%
~333* severe: S=9%
~175* critical: S=12%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,972/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 50 with Covid-19, SH=6%

25 non-severe: S=0
25 severe: S=12%

25 healthy controls: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,973/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,877* hospitalized with Covid-19, 17.8% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,974/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 36 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia & discharged alive, 13.9% were current smokers & 41.7% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,975/

Oman (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 58 health care workers & medical/dental students with Covid-19, "about 8(13.79%) had smoking history"

11 tested negative: "there was none with smoking history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,976/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 5,813 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.3% were smokers & 21.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,977/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 208 still alive 18.5 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 12% were ever cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,978/

Singapore (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.8% in 2020)

Of 1,705 hospitalized for Covid-19, 7.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,979/

Kentucky, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 21.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 10,027 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=25.1% & F=22.3%

115 positive

ORs positivity (vs never)
C: 0.81 [0.45, 1.47] p=0.4867
F: 0.74 [0.41, 1.31] p=0.3010

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,980/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking in the previous 12 months

Of 568 age 65 to 89 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.9%

209 asymptomatic/mild: S=10%
359 moderate/severe: S=5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,981/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 156 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8.3%

62 ICU: CS=9.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,982/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 542 age 60+ with Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers & 27.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,983/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,984/

Japan (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 81 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, C=3.7% & F=11.1%

30 symptomatic: C=6.7% & F=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,985/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 64 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=1.6%

42 non-severe: S=2.4%
22 severe: S=0

researchsquare.com/article/rs-234…
6,986/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,254 survey respondents with self-reported positive Covid-19 tests, "39.6% (496/1254) were smokers" (within the previous year)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,987/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of ~3,004* with Covid-19, 47% were current or former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,988/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoker: A=active, P=past

Of 236 with Covid-19 enrolled in a hospital-at-home program (at least 184 previously hospitalized), A=10.6% (10.1% reported) & P=25.4% (25.3% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,989/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=previous

Of 39 with Covid-19-associated acute limb ischemia, C=15.4% & P=38.5%

74 unmatched controls with ALI (2018-2019): C=25.7% & P=39.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,990/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 679 health care workers who survived Covid-19, 5.7% were current smokers & 3.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,991/

UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

smoker: C=current, X=ex

Of 704 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=1.4% & X=39.9%

449 reported poor sleep quality after discharge: C=1.6% & X=40.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
6,992/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,584 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=25.4%

738 with acute kidney injury: T=29.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-226…
6,993/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 140 on peritoneal dialysis with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=5.7% & X=25.7%

25 died: A=12% & X=32%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,994/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 253 still alive 2 years after Covid-19, 41.1% were ever tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,995/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 with osteoporosis or osteopenia (74 female), S=30

56 with Covid-19: S=26.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,996/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 398 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,997/

Sweden (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 211 males in ICU with Covid-19, 5.2% were ongoing smokers & 38.4% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,998/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 304 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1.6% were current smokers & 8.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6,999/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,220 STEMI patients with COVID-19, SH=18.1%

157,680 STEMI patients without COVID-19: SH=32.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,000/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 62,895 hospitalized with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) & concurrent Covid-19, SH=5.3%

8,155 hosp'd with DVT and/or PE & concurrent flu, SH=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,001/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (active smoking or smoking history)

Of 402 with asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, S=54%

309 with asthma hospitalized with influenza: S=54%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36514068/
7,002/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,184 outpatients age 30+ with mild to moderate Covid-19, 13.3% were smokers (apparently past-year)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,003/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 273 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=57.1% & F=31.9%

108 uninfected controls: S=15.7% & F=36.1%

Note: multiple errors in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,004/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 194,191 with Covid-19 infection, 25.6% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,005/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoker, F="smoking cessation"

Of 66 still alive ~15 months after being hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=15.2% & F=10.6%

79 healthy controls: S=25.3% & F=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,006/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 364 with Covid-19, 16.8% were smokers (not clear if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,007/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 226 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.4% & F=30.5%

58 died: S=8.6% & F=44.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,008/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 87 with post-COVID-19 persistent olfactory dysfunction, 4.6% were tobacco consumers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,009/

Europe & Israel

Of 2,860 age 50+ who tested positive for Covid-19, 8.3% were smokers & 30.8% were previous smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36521274/
7,010/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 147 hospitalized with Covid-19 & symptoms of sepsis, "Most patients had a smoking history (60.5%)"

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
7,011/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 158 in ICU with Covid-19, AS=8.2%

22 with thromboembolic events: AS=13.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,012/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.8%

26 moderate: S=3.8%
94 severe: S=6.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,013/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 7,370 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 20.8% were current smokers or had smoked within the previous 6 months

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,014/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 1,119 with Covid-19, 11.8% were current smokers & 23% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,015/

Georgia, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.8% in 2020)

"1141 [hosp'd w/ respiratory symptoms]...had SARS-CoV-2 PCR results...(700 positive...)"

"Those with COVID-19 were less likely...to be a current or previous smoker...aOR: 0.3 [95%CI: 0.2, 0.5])"
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,016/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 821 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,017/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 511 with Covid-19 treated with ECMO, 3.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,018/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

Of 377 critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU after intubation and mechanical ventilation and underwent tracheostomy, 3.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,019/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 187,534 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.2% were current smokers & 45% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,020/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 6,729 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=33.4%

4,829 mild/moderate I: SH=33%
1,664 moderate II: SH=34.7%
236 severe: SH=33.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,021/

Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.6% in 2020)

Of 39 hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, 2.6% was a current smoker & 35.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,021a/

same patients

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,022/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (an unspecified number with unknown status counted as non-smoking)

Of 3,091,580 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=8.2%

316,249 positive: CS=5.7%

Continued
7,022a/

2,372,849 not hospitalized tested: CS=8.1%
270,441 positive: CS=5.9%

718,731 hospitalized tested: CS=8.6%
45,808 positive: CS=4.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,023/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 144 hospitalized because of Covid-19, 57.6% had a smoking history

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,024/

Of 43 Covid-19 patients who survived after being intubated, 41.9% were chronic smokers (not defined)

Not stated where. France appears most likely (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,025/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 200 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21%

36 died: S=22.2%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,026/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 232 intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-242…
7,027/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 1,886 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 9.6% were current smokers & 23.9% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-240… Image
7,028/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 20 in ICU with Covid-19 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 5% was a current smoker

researchsquare.com/article/rs-242…
7,029/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,656 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.8% were current or previous smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-239…
7,030/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.5% in 2020)

SV="Uses tobacco smoke or e-cigarettes"

Of 1,371 adults and children, SV=0.8%

16 with one or more SARS-CoV-2 infections: SV=zero

researchsquare.com/article/rs-235…
7,031/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 37,509 veterans with a positive Covid-19 test, C=19.2% & F=28.6%

8,875 hospitalized: C=19.1% & F=32.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-225…
7,032/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.7% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 190 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=22.6%

57 with post-acute neuropsychological impairment: HS=22.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-236…
7,033/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 224 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,034/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 6,247 in ICU with Covid-19, T=19.3%

135 treated with ECMO: T=7.4%

note: apparently St. Louis area

academic.oup.com/jamia/advance-…
7,035/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use in the past 12 months (D=daily or near-daily)

Of 978 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=14% (D=5.5%)

708 positive: T=15.1% (D=5.1%)

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
7,036/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 771 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 deemed to be at high risk for progression to severe Covid-19, 12.5% were current smokers

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
7,037/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 1,050,045 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were smokers (apparently ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,038/

Texas, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.2% in 2020)

Of 249 with cancer & Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 36.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,039/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 79 with long Covid, 97.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,040/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19 who suffered from oral candidiasis, "13.33% of patients were cigarette smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,041/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 31 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, "74% of the participants..had never smoked and 26% had smoked in the past. None...reported actively smoking when they were infected with COVID-19.."
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,042/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,040 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.8%

270 died: S=2.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,043/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 80 who recovered from Covid-19, A=12.5% % X=50%

40 with pulmonary manifestation of long COVID-19, A=5% & F=55%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,044/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 15,400 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=2.8% & F=12.8%

833 received mechanical ventilation: C=2.2% & F=13.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,045/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 7,182 hospitalized with Covid-19, "413 (5.8%) cases were smokers"

1,056 ICU: 61 (5.8%) cases were smokers

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,046/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 124 hospitalized for Covid-19, 43.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,047/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 8.2% in 2020)

Of 205 diagnosed with Covid-19, 28.3% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,048/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 1,192 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=3.1%

501 with post-acute sequelae: S=3.4%

Note: former smoking not mentioned; either current or never

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,049/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 227 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=7.5%

60 with pulmonary fibrosis 1 year later: S=3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,050/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 242 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,051/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 104 in ICU with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, "44.2% of patients described themselves as former smokers and 3.8% were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,052/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E="exposure" (not defined)

Of 102 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with acute kidney injury, C=3.9% & E=7.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,053/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 101 with Covid-19, zero were smokers

"All patients had mild clinical symptoms while few were asymptomatic"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,054/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 32 hospitalized with mild or moderate Covid-19, 15.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,055/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 421 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=9%

151 w/ at least one post Covid manifestation: S=13.2%

60 w/ at least 2: S=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,056/

Massachusetts, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2020)

Of 39 who died from Covid-19, 48.7% were current* or former smokers

*presumably when still alive

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Brazil

peer-reviewed version (5,820)

"Current" is now "Current/others" (plus former?)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,057/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 10 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 who developed acute limb ischemia, "two were ex-smokers" (20%)

Presumably zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,058/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 213 who survived after being hospitalized for Covid-19, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,059/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SO=smoking/opium abuse (not specified if current or ever)

Of 480 hospitalized with Covid-19, SO=6%

168 died: SO=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,060/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,508 hospitalized for proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=10.3%

1,332 confirmed: CS=9.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,061/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 173 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, AS=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,062/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 22 who developed Covid-19 within the first 30 days after open-heart surgery, S=63.6%

8 died: S=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,063/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, Q=quit

Of 147 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=12.9% & Q=32.7%

39 with gastrointestinal symptoms: C=20.8% & Q=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,064/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 130 with inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed with Covid-19, S=16.9%

91 mild: S=17.6%
16 moderate: S=18.8%
23 severe: S=13%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,065/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 72 who survived Covid-19, 22.2% were current smokers & 36.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,066/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 93 Covid-19 patients who required ECMO, S=2 (2.2%)

30 died: S=2 (6.7%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,067/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 243 with a left ventricular assist device or heart transplant with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,068/

Of 217 with Covid-19, 17.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once

Not stated where; 13 authors from USA & 1 from India

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,069/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 504 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CFS=20.4% (20.5% reported)

227 with post-Covid syndrome: CFS=24.2% (24.3% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,070/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 240 with hidradenitis suppurativa diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.3% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,071/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

Of 72 with SARS-CoV-2 who had percutaneous bedside tracheostomy performed, 8.3% were active smokers & 31.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,072/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2020)

Of 3,705 hospitalized for Covid-19, 20.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,073/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 925 critically ill COVID-19 patients in ICU, 13.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,074/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,181 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.6%

624 died: S=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,075/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 796 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=12.9% & X=7.5%

44 hospitalized: S=2.3% & X=15.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,076/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 217 in ICU with Covid-19, 20.7% were past or current cigarette smokers

cIRR mortality: 0.95 (0.71–1.27) p=0.708

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,077/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 712 Covid-19 survivors, 9.1% were ever/current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,078/

Spain & Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% & 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 3,578 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, A=6% & F=20.8%

849 controls (tested negative): A=16.8% & F=16.5%

Note: all without prior CVD
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Netherlands

one-year follow-up on same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,079/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult current smoking rates were 10.9% & 11.3% in 2020)

Of 2,014 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.7% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,080/

Hawaii, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 11.6% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 22 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=31.8%

12 uninfected controls: HS=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,081/

France & Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% & 20.4% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 648 with inflammatory bowel disease (including 322 health care workers), AS=11.9%

56 with Covid-19: AS=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,082/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

Of 63 non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen, 66.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,083/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

Of 74 in ICU with Covid-19, 4.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,084/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

Of 56 age 50+ hospitalized for Covid-19, 7.1% were current smokers & 39.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,085/

Nevada, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 197 diagnosed with Covid-19 infection, SH=21.3%

140 intubated: SH=23.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,086/

USA

same patients

18,120 died within 60 days: 8.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Spain

same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,087/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

smoking: P=present, F=former

Of 229 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, P=2.6% & F=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,088/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 2,407 (apparently) hospitalized with Covid-19, S=2.7% & X=0.9%

330 died: S=3.9% & X=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,089/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 15,305 with Covid-19, 5.6% were current or past smokers or vapers

Note: an unspecified number with unknown status counted as never

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,090/

Bolivia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,775 individuals, SH=26.2%

1,773 with Covid-19 infection: SH=28.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note: unusual sample Image
7,091/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 8,248 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.9% were current smokers & 38% smoked in the past

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,092/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 41* hospitalized with Covid-19 who developed thrombotic complications, S=9.8%

123* controls hospitalized with Covid-19 w/o TCs: S=6.5%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,093/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 68 still alive 3 months after being admitted to ICU with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 1.5% was a current smoker & 57.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,094/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 278 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 48.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,095/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,434 (1,130) who tested positive for antibodies, S=11.6% (14.7%)

934 (773) symptomatic: S=11.8% (14.2%)

(kids excluded)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,096/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 65 w/ T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=6.2%

34 mild-moderate: CS=11.8%
31 severe-critical: CS=0

144 w/ T2D hospitalized for other reasons: CS=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,097/

California, USA (adult current smoking rate was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 122 with COPD hospitalized with Covid-19, A=10% & F=90.2% 🤷‍♂️

Of 1,415 without COPD hospitalized with Covid-19, A=3.9% & F=24.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain

same patients

924 controls with IBD & uninfected: 17.3% were active smokers & 8.2% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,098/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 363 with long Covid, S=47.1%

60 with sleep disturbance: S=43.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,099/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 166 Covid-19 survivors, 3% were current smokers & 15.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,100/

Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, and Norway

CS=current smoking

Of ~6,418* with suspected Covid-19, CS=18.8%

~1,545* confirmed: CS=11.2%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,101/

Spain (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 485 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=6.6%

286 symptomatic: S=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,102/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 206 who recovered from Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 25.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,103/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 822,604 with cirrhosis hospitalized for any reason, 45.4%

28,610 with Covid-19, S=34.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,104/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 111 with Covid-19, S=31.5%

96 hospitalized: S=33.3%

37 died: S=37.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,105/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,659,040 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=25.6%

46,440 with pulmonary embolism: S=25.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,106/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 5,026 vaccinated adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, A=14% & F=2%

68,228 vaccinated adults who tested negative: A=19% & F=2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA

same patients

4,501 tested positive for influenza co-infection: S=23.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,107/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S="A person who smokes tobacco regularly"

Of 313 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=15.7%

1,196 matched controls (tested negative): S=24.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,108/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 23,521 with NSTEMI associated with Covid-19, S=25.5%

492,044 with NSTEMI not associated with Covid-19: S=43.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,109/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 39 (~80% male) hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, SH=71.8%

24 non-critical: SH=62.5%
15 critical: SH=86.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,110/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former S

Of 224 Covid-19 survivors, S=7.6% & F=36.2%

111 mild: S=7.2% & F=39.6%
58 moderate: S=10.3% & F=29.3%
35 severe: S=2.9% & F=34.3%
15 critical: S=6.7% & F=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,111/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 3,060 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, CS=26.4%

26,757 matched controls w/ Covid-19 (not hosp'd): CS=15.1%

56,785 random controls (presumably uninfected): CS=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,112/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 38 Navy amphibious warship crew members with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.6% was a current smoker & 5.3% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,113/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 158 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,114/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 157 still alive 12 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, A=5.7% & F=37.6%

49 with impaired lung function at 12 months: A=6.1% & F=51%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,115/

Germany

Far too much to report in a tweet

"Current smokers compared to never-smokers had... reduced odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 result... Our data suggest that...results from fewer infections rather than reduced antibody response."

Read it.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,116/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 1,353 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,117/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 362 Covid-19 survivors, S=14.9%

255 hospitalized: S=13.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,118/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 201 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=30.8%

38 died: S=23.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,119/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 309 Covid-19 survivors, C=17% & F=31.1%

193 with Covid-19 sequelae: C=14% & F=33.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,120/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

Of 20 hospitalized with Covid-19, 50% had a history of smoking/tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,121/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 hospitalized for trauma who tested positive for Covid-19, S=3

Of 100 random controls (hosp'd for trauma & tested negative), S=11

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,122/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,117 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=1.9%

131 died: SH=2.3%

"...smoking is effective in causing cytokine storms" [cites a Rahman opinion piece 😬]

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,123/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 341 tested for antibodies, ES=17.6%

232 positive: ES=16.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,124/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

S=regular smoker (does not include occasional smokers)

Of 472 with inflammatory bowel disease receiving biologic therapy, S=15.5%

80 with Covid-19 infection: S=8.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
Sweden

apparently the same patients; divided into male & female

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,125/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 94 in ICU with Covid-19, 41.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,126/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 487 with SARS-CoV-2 infection:
3.3% were current smokers
1.4% were former smokers (more than 1 year)
6.6% used chewable tobacco

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,127/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 82 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 14.6% were current smokers & 11% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,128/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,127 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.5%

1,104 died: S=6.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,129/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 104 who survived after admission to ICU with Covid-19, S=3.8% & X=44.2%

56 treated with invasive mechanical ventilation: S=1.8% & X=41.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,130/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 170 with acute coronary syndrome who were scheduled for coronary angiography and angioplasty and had concurrent COVID-19 infection, 37.6% were cigarette smokers (not specified...)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,131/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 414 hospitalized for Covid-19, CS=4.8%

176 acute respiratory failure and/or ICU: CS=4.5%

37 died: CS=2.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,132/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 2,159 with inflammatory bowel disease, CS=4.4%

84 with Covid-19: CS=6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,133/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 385 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=12.7%

339 with pneumonia: CS=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,134/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 62 in ICU for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with HFNC and with persistent hypoxemia, 6.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,135/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 44 with Covid-19, C=2.3% & F=43.2%

13 ICU: C=0 & F=38.5%

11 uninfected controls: C=18.2% & F=45.5%

not stated where; NY appears likely

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,136/

New Mexico, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2020)

Of 94 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.8% were current smokers & 16% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,137/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

Of 89 hospitalized with Covid-19 & diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, 21.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,138/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 114 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, CFS=29.8%

70 died or still intubated at 60 days: CFS=27.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,139/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 52 hospitalized with Covid-19, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,140/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 772 critically ill SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted to ICU, 3.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,141/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 35 Covid-19 survivors, 8.6% were current smokers & 11.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,142/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 16.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 162 with COVID-19-associated ARDS placed on ECMO, S=8.6%

98 died: S=10.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,143/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 26 symptomatic at least 3 months after discharge from hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 3.8% was a current smoker & 30.8% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,144/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of ~1,966* hospitalized due to Covid-19, 5.9% were smokers & 17.4% were ex-smokers for at least 6 months

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,145/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 412 patients (72% female) at a post-Covid clinic, 7.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,146/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (described once as "active" & once as "Active or past")

Of 45 ICU patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, S=28.9%

26 died: S=34.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,147/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 424 in ICU with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia, 5.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,148/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 60 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, S=6.7%

26 mild/moderate: S=7.7%
34 severe: S=5.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,149/

UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 25,708 with Covid-19, 6.2% were current smokers

Notes:
mean age 56.6
mostly non-hospitalized

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,150/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of ~281* hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 6.4% were smokers & 17% were former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,151/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 1,971 who gave birth, CS=9.8%

208 with Covid-19 infection during pregnancy: CS=7.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,152/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 147 (apparently) with Covid-19, "4.1% of the respondents admitted to currently smoking cigarettes"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,153/

France & Switzerland (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.3% & 20.5% in 2020)

Of 2,055 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 6% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,154/

T=tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 29,502 with ADHD & Covid-19, T=4.3%

1,095,272 with Covid-19 but without ADHD, T=2.5%

Not clear if Earth or USA only

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Important 👇 Image
7,155/

Bulgaria, Croatia, France & Turkey

T="Tobacco, active or discontinued < 3 years"

Of 1,309* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=12.8%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,156/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 22,775 hospitalized with STEMI, T=1.6%

390 with Covid-19: T=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,157/

Of 21 hospitalized with Covid-19-associated pneumothorax & pneumomediastinum, "A total of 12 (57%) patients have smoked tobacco"

Not stated where. Authors from Michigan, USA (adult smoking rate was 18.4% in 2020)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,158/

Europe & (mostly) USA

11,108 age 18 to 49 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection

1,001 with ARDS

"Nicotine dependency was not associated with a higher risk (p = 0.138) [of ARDS]"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,159/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 498 critically ill in ICU because of Covid-19, ES=44%

193 died: ES=55%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36537243/
7,160/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of ~23,351* with Covid-19, 46.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jg…
7,161/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 39 with active or recent Covid-19 infection with suspected myocarditis, 10.3% were previous or current smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jc…
7,162/

Illinois, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.7% in 2020)

CFT=current or former tobacco use

Of 24 age 18 to 64 with mild or moderate Covid-19, CFT=45.8%

10 hospitalized: CFT=30%

bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pr…
7,163/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 54 (77.8% male) with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 70.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
7,164/

UK (current cig. smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, P=past

10,547 w/ Covid-19: C=12% & P=35.4%

15,351 w/ suspected Covid-19: C=22.7% & P=35.5%

15,377 possibly exposed: C=22.2% & P=35.7%

17,419 unexposed: C=18.6% & P=33.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,165/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

Of 152 outpatients with active or a history of cancer who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection, 52% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-243…
7,166/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 199 with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases & Covid-19, ES=32.7%

88 hospitalized: ES=44.3%

21 died: ES=52.4%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36622628/
7,167/

Maryland & DC, USA (adult current smoking rates were 10.9% & 11.3% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 719 mechanically ventilated w/ Covid-19 pneumonia, C=5.7% & F=32%

1,127 mechanically ventilated w/ non-Covid pneumonia: C=22.4% & F=30.3%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,168/

(apparently) Louisiana, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 17.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 11,413 who gave birth, CS=9.4%

505 with Covid-19 during pregnancy: CS=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,169/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CPS=current/past smoker

Of 1,445 mechanically ventilated Covid-19 patients, CPS=39%

517 HDU: CPS=42.7%
928 ICU: CPS=36.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

same patients, but current & former smoking were combined into a single, less informative category

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,170/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use, N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever; not clear if any overlap)

Of 3,814,479 tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=1.7% & N=5.7%

888,463 positive: T=2.1% & N=5.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,171/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 11,564 hospitalized with Covid-19 (non-ICU), 6.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,172/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 299,870 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), S=9.9%

If under age 19 excluded (assuming all non-smokers), 181,562 infected: S=16.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,173/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoker

Of 47,501 with multiple sclerosis, CS=14.3%

799 with Covid-19: CS=11.4%

182 hospitalized: CS=11%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,174/

USA, Poland, UK, and Germany

Of 821 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.6% were current smokers & 15.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,175/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 86 with a history of acute myocardial infarction with Covid-19, S=34.9%

32 with a history of acute myocardial infarction but uninfected: S=34.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,176/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 92 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, 33.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,177/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 35 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, S=19.4%
14 hospitalized with mild Covid-19: S=9%

20 healthy volunteers: S=31%

Only percentages reported; don't work out to whole numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,178/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 72* in ICU for acute respiratory failure related to Covid-19, 30.6% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,179/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 152 Covid-19 survivors, 57.2% were ever smokers

Of 52 Covid-19 survivors, 40.4% were ever snus users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,180/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 302 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.5% were current smokers & 27.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,181/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

Of 548 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.7% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,182/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 2,712 with Covid-19, 6.9% were smokers & 26.1% were ex-smokers (1 year+)

1,030 with severe long Covid: 40% were smokers (apparently ever)

Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou & Hong Kong

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36645453/
7,183/

England & Wales, UK

14,127 patients with EIA: 143 hospitalized & 47 died

"Current smoking did not show any significant associations with COVID-19 admissions or deaths [aHR: 0.9 (0.52, 1.56), whereas..."

Continued
7,183a/

"...ex-smoking status associated with COVID-19 admissions [aHR 1.62 (1.10, 2.38)] but not mortality [aHR 1.68 (0.85 to 3.33)]"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36645234/

IOW We don't like that result so we're going to argue against it Image
7,184/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 1,423,720 age 20+ who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 6.1% were current smokers

RR (mortality): 1.049 (1.030, 1.068)

"smoking and asthma have negligible impact on mortality risk"
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,185/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 5,146 with respiratory illness, C=13.9% & F=21.4%

3,311 with Covid-19: C=12.8% & F=22.3%
592 without Covid-19: C=16.6% & F=20.8%
1,243 unknown: C=15.4% & F=19.2%

Continued
7,185a/

5,613 without respiratory illness: C=16.7% & F=20%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,186/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 936 with Covid-19 in a quarantine hotel, S=22.1%

52 hospitalized: S=23.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,187/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 462 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, S=15.4% & X=21.9%

97 hospitalized: S=11.3% & X=29.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,188/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

SV= tobacco smoking or vaping (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 10,837 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, SV=15.6%

4,311 positive: SV=9.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,189/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 402 vaccinated individuals with inflammatory bowel disease who reported having Covid-19, 26.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,190/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,883 with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.2% were smokers (9.3% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Taiwan

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

7,191/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence

Of 7,213,368 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=6%

Note: mostly USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,192/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 99 immunocompromised individuals with Covid-19, 16.2% were active smokers & 18.2% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,193/

Sweden (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=Smoker/snus, P=Previous history of smoking/snus

Of 21 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=19% & P=47.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,194/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 105 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,195/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 819 SARS-CoV-2 survivors, S=15.3% (15.4% reported)

1,936 uninfected: S=19.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,196/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 421 hospitalized with pulmonary embolism, S=7.8%

116 with Covid-19, S=10.3%
305 without Covid-19, S=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,197/

North Carolina & Kansas, USA (adult smoking rates were 15.6% in 2021)

Of 162 with multiple myeloma diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40.1% had a current or former smoking or vaping history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,198/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 589 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, A=15.4%
86 w/ thrombotic event: A=20.9%

278 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia: F=10.4%
26 w/ TE: F=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,199/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoker (not specified...)

Of 422 laboratory workers tested for antibodies, S=20.1%

169 positive: S=14.2%

OR: 0.52 [0.31–0.87] p=0.013
aOR: 0.54 [0.29–0.97] p=0.039

link.springer.com/article/10.100… Image
7,200/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=passive

Of 604 vaccinated undergraduate students, C=14.9% & P=8.8%

123 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: C=13.8% & P=7.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,201/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 70 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=12.9%

18 with major adverse cardiovascular events: S=11.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-246…
7,202/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 233 naïve H. pylori infected patients with previous treatment for COVID-19, 25.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,203/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 181 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who survived, 16% were "Actual/previous smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,204/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 720 cancer patients tested for antibodies, S=14.3% & X=2.5%

252 positive: S=12.7% & X=4.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,205/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (before admission, not stated how long before)

Of 6,362* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.6%

1,060* with a history of heart disease: S=8.3%

41* (of the 1,060) died: S=4.9%

*calculated
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,206/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 161 mechanically ventilated in ICU with severe Covid-19, AS=3.7%

82 developed at least one ventilation-acquired pneumonia: AS=6.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,207/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 138 in ICU with Covid-19, ES=7.2%

45 with ECMO support: ES=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,208/

Italy (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2017)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 249 with post-Covid-19 symptoms, S=26.3% & X=21.9%

122 for 200+ days: S=23% & X=20.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,209/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 400 tested for antibodies, S=17%

183 positive: S=26.2%

Note: 43.8% of tested & 52.5% of positives were vaccinated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,210/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 37 who required pulmonary rehabilitation after hospitalization with Covid-19, C=56.8% & X=43.2%

19 invasive mechanical ventilation: C=57.9% & X=42.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,211/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 311 Covid-19 survivors, S=42.9%

196 with long Covid: S=40.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,212/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 453 in ICU with Covid-19, "39.1% of the patients had history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,213/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 504 mechanically ventilated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.9%

263 died: S=11.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,214/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 812 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=19.8%

98 positive: S=12.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,215/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 19 hospitalized in a Rehabilitation Ward after Covid-19 hospitalization, "None of the patients were active smokers, while eight persons (42.10%) used to smoke."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,216/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S="History of smoking or smoking"

Of 43 in ICU due to Covid-19-associated respiratory failure, S=9.3%

26 with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: S=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,217/

Sweden

This is one of the most informative studies in this entire thread. Far too much to report here. Read it.

nature.com/articles/s4159…

7,218/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 957 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.8% & F=8.8%

121 died: C=9.1% & F=14%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,219/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

SH=smoking history

Of 856 with Covid-19 infection, SH=37.6%

96 hospitalized: SH=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,220/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 124 in ICU with Covid-19, S=3.2%

36* died: S=8.3%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,221/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 80 with asymptomatic, mild or moderate Omicron infection, 38.8% has a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,222/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

Of 22 with acute limb ischemia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,223/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 72* hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8.3%

28* ICU (survived): CS=10%

11* died: CS=0

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,224/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S="Smoking or stop from less than 2 years"

Of 22 with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with Covid-19 infection, S=40.9%

25 with AIS without Covid-19, S=12%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,225/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 43 oncologic patients with a recent diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2, C=7% & F=23.3%

20 severe: C=5% & F=25%

11 died: C=0 & F=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,226/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 109 with asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis infected with Covid-19, 67% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,227/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 341 hospitalized with mild to moderate Covid-19, 14.7% were smokers & 15.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,228/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 39 with acute ischemic stroke, CS=25.6%

22 with Covid-19: CS=4.5%
17 without Covid-19: CS=52.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,229/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 1,093 with Covid-19, 10.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,230/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 577 who survived Covid-19, 8.8% were smokers & 18.9% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,231/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 14,138 with Covid-19, 35.1% had a history of nicotine dependence or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,232/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 82* hospitalized with Covid-19, 32.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

"...age and smoking were not shown to be significant risk factors for COVID-19 disease..."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,233/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 156,742 who tested positive for Covid-19, C=26.3% & F=16.8%

156,196 matched uninfected controls: C=30.6% & F=16.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,234/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 822 with Covid-19, S=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,235/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 2,055 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40.9% were smokers (presumably current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,236/

Nigeria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 2.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 696 university students & workers tested for Covid-19, S=0.7%

368 positive: S=1.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,237/

Turkey (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.8% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 81 males age 18 to 65 with Covid-19, S=58%

60 mild: S=58.3%
21 moderate: S=57.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,238/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of ~2,295* with Covid-19, 4.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
7,239/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

same patients

HS=former or current smoker

31 died: HS=54.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,240/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40 in ICU with severe Covid-19, S=17.5%

21 died: S=19%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,241/

(apparently) Wisconsin, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 60 with Covid-19, 8.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,242/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 14,778 hospitalized with respiratory insufficiency due to COVID‐19‐related pneumonia, 2.8% were current smokers & 30.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,243/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 608 hospitalized because of Covid-19, 6.4% were smokers & 19.2% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,244/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 250 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,245/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 3,135 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.1% were current smokers & 32.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,246/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

Of 47 requiring ECMO for respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,247/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=previous

Of 1,042 age 50+ who survived hospitalization for confirmed COVID‐19, C=5.5% & P=33.8%

588 with long Covid: C=5.6% & P=35.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,248/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

ES=smoker/former smoker

Of 834 hospitalized for severe acute respiratory infections & tested for SARS-CoV-2, ES=19.7%

772 positive: ES=18.5%
62 negative: ES=33.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36705277/

ORs Image
7,249/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 36 who received ECMO in ICU due to COVID‐19‐related ARDS, AS=25%

18 died: AS=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,250/

Georgia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 110 age 65+ hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=42.7%

25 died: S=36%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,251/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 23,348 hospitalized because of Covid-19, 46.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,252/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking, F=former smoker

Of 440 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.5% & F=8.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,253/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 51 who died with Covid-19, 17.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,254/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=cigarette, H=hookah (not specified if current or ever)

Of 274 with mucormycosis associated with Covid-19, C=11.3% & H=6.9%

30 died: C=23.3% (H not reported)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-249…
7,255/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 20 who survived hospitalization with Covid-19, S=2 (10%)

9 ICU: S=2 (22.2%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Apparently (mostly?) the same patients, but smoking status wasn't specified if current or ever. Plus the numbers were weighted.

21.3% were smokers

7,256/

Bahrain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 399* Covid-19 survivors, S=20.3%

199 with loss of smell: S=20.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,257/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 232 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.9% were current smokers & 36.3% were ever (i.e. former) smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,258/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 502 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 4.4% were current smokers & 21.7% were ex-smokers

Or it might be 21.7% were current smokers & 4.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,259/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

Of 24 severe COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation who developed tracheal complications, 29.2% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,260/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, P=past

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19 (and survived), C=7% & P=43.7%

21 moderate: C=4.8% & P=14.3%
33 severe: C=12.1% & P=57.6%
17 critical: C=0 & P=52.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,261/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 657 outpatients with mild or moderate Covid-19, 11.9% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,262/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

Of 291 diagnosed with Covid-19, 41.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,263/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 96 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=6.3% & F=33.3%

98 matched (presumably) uninfected controls: C=3.1% & F=38.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,264/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

TE=tobacco exposure (not defined)

Of 40 hospitalized because of Covid-19 who received oxygen, TE=27.5%

18 ICU: TE=44.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,265/

(probably) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 2,502 hospitalized with Covid-19, 33.9% were current or former smokers

Notes:

authors from Nebraska
no Methods section in main paper

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,266/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 615 veterans hospitalized with asymptomatic or symptomatic Covid-19 infection, 23.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,267/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 971 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=42%

92 severe: SH=45.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Philippines

A fourth paper with the same patients

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36732874/

7,268/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 2,453,799 diagnosed with Covid-19, 11.4% were current or former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,269/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=past-30 days smoking
H=p30d heated tobacco product use
B=p30d use of both
F=former use of either (even once)

Of 30,129 survey respondents:
S=11.9%
H=5.2%
B=7.3%
F=21.9%

Continued
7,269a/

1,117 infected with SARS-CoV-2:
S=8.2%
H=6.7%
B=38%
F=13%

483 hospitalized:
S=7.2%
H=5.4%
B=59.8%
F=9.3%

Comment: This looks suspicious.
1 implausible number of infected dual users
2 increasing aORs for exclusive smokers as raw numbers decreased
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,270/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

current or former use:
C=cigarettes
O=pipe, waterpipe or e-cigarette

Of 73 with Covid-19, C=30.1% & O=12.3%

69 matched uninfected controls: C=15.9% & O=15.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Important 👇 ImageImage
7,271/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 525 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=33.1%

152 positive: S=20.4%

OR: 0.411 [0.256, 0.644]

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

In Methods: unusual to see Image
7,272/

(apparently) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,648,290 with Covid-19, N=11%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,273/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 11.9% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 1,981 female nurses with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=2.1% & P=31.9%

871 reported post-Covid-19 condition: C=2.2% & P=34.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
7,274/

Morocco (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 720 in ICU with Covid-19 who survived, S=7.2%

60 with thromboembolic events after discharge: S=11.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,275/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 6,324 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,276/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 48,117 with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 17.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,277/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 28,650 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.8% were current smokers & 22.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,278/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 13,530 with Covid-19 infection, 16.1% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,279/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

tobacco smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 154 individuals, C=25.3% & F=36.4%

20 with Covid-19: C=10% & F=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,280/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 67,348 hospitalized with Covid-19, 41.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,281/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 401 kidney transplant recipients or individuals on a KT waiting list, CS=26.4%

114 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=28.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,282/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 497 with suspected Covid-19, C=4.8% & F=9.3%

314 tested positive: C=3.2% & F=6.1%

91 (of 496) with myocardial injury: C=5.5% & F=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,283/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 559 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=11.5%

165 CPAP: S=15.8%

28 intubated: S=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,284/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 96,149 still alive 1 year after being tested for SARS=CoV-2, S=8%

52,208 positive: S=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,285/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 123 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3.3% were active smokers, 0.8% was an ex-smoker & 4.9% were passive smokers (🙄)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,286/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,208,905 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.6% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,287/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 287* with long Covid, 29.5% were smokers or ex-smokers

*calculated

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,288/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 202 who required mechanical ventilation for moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2–related ARDS, 32.7% had a history of smoking/e-cigarette/vaping

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,289/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,663 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.6% & F=2%

972 died: C=6.9% & F=2.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,290/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

S=current or previous smoking

Of 342 with Covid-19 & elevated troponin levels (ET), S=37.1% (36% reported)

74 w/ Covid-19 w/o ET: S=32.8%

113 uninfected w/ ET: S=36.3% (40.2% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,291/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 205 with Covid-19, S=49.3%

116 healthy controls: S=62.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,292/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 8,460 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, C=12.3% & F=24.7%

920 with ≥1 acute cardiac event: C=14.2% & F=31.2%

unspecified number w/ missing status counted as never

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,293/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

Of 171 hospitalized for Covid-19, 11.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,294/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, C=3.8% & F=50.3%

49 moderate: C=6.1% & F=40.8%
74 severe: C=2.7% & F=52.7%
34 critical: C=2.9% & F=58.8%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,295/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 580 hospitalized with Covid-19, 59.7% had a history of smoking

OR mortality: 1.4 (1.0–2.0)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,296/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 400 with Covid-19, 52.5% were smokers (apparently current)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751717/

Interesting additional results, including the Fagerström Test Image
7,297/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

ND=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 30,253 with Covid-19, ND=11.3%

383,136 with other respiratory infections: ND=11.8%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,298/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

CPS=current or previous smoking

Of ~8,585* with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, CPS=17.4%

~18,380* with influenza (2017-2020): CPS=25.5%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,299/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 who had a major depressive episode in the first 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=27.5% (26.9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,300/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 75 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.3% were current smokers & 10.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,301/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 300 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,302/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 70 (presumably) hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=5.7%

70 hospitalized orthopedic patients (uninfected): HS=31.4%

70 hospital workers (uninfected): HS=1.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,303/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,357,518 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=9.4%

65,454 hospitalized: S=14%

21,069 ICU: S=13.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,304/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 106 with Covid-19, 10.4% were current smokers & 13.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,305/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking history

Of 807 residents of a drug rehab community tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=97.4%

529 positive: S=97.4%

"They cannot smoke tobacco...anymore when entering the community."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,306/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 135 Covid-19 survivors, 6.7% were smokers ("Smoking was defined as smoking more than 100 cigarettes during the lifetime.")

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,307/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 461 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, 6.9% were active smokers & 23% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,308/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 22 with Covid-19, two were smokers (9.1%)*

Notes:

*9.5% reported; if because of missing data, it's only 21 with Covid-19

not specified if current or ever

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,309/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 108 age 35 to 85 hospitalized with myocardial infarction associated with Covid-19, 16.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-257…
7,310/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoking

Of 62 with Covid-19, CXS=17.7%

31 mild: CXS=19.4%
14 moderate: CXS=21.4%
17 severe: CXS=11.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,311/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.5% & P=33.9%

82 mild/moderate: C=11% & P=35.4%
36 severe/critical: C=2.8% & P=30.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,312/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

Of 9,269 with Covid-19, 18.5% were smokers

Notes:

11.4% was reported: apparently counting missing smoking status as non-smoking

not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,313/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 335 aircraft carrier crew tested for SARS-CoV-2, AS=21.2%

259 positive: AS=18.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,314/

(mostly) Europe

Of 4,006 with Covid-19, 17.9% were active smokers & 16.2% were former smokers

note: mostly Germany

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,315/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 132 with post-COVID-19 symptoms persisting greater than 28 days from acute infection, "approximately 5% reported a significant smoking history." (4.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,316/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

10,810 hospitalized liver cirrhosis patients with comorbid heart failure

10,660 without Covid-19: T=0.9%

150 with Covid-19: T=0.0%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,317/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

ND=nicotine dependence (not necessarily current)

Of 1,274,219 diagnosed with Covid-19, ND=10.6%

567,766 hospitalized: ND=9.9%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap…
7,318/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of ~952* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.5%

108* died: S=7.4%

* calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,319/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=current smoking or quit since 2015

Of 130 with suspected Covid-19, S=14.6%

93 without suspected Covid-19: S=15.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,320/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 23 age 40+ with moderate to severe Covid-19, 47.8% were current or prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,321/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 2,671 with mild Covid-19, 18.9% were smokers & 21.2% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,322/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

ES= ever smoking

Of 20,267 day care facility & preschool employees tested for antibodies, ES=19.1%

1,857 positive: ES=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

😯 Image
7,323/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 962 with confirmed or suspected mild-to-moderate COVID-19, 32.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,324/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 606 with a history of hypertension who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 3.3% were current smokers & 23.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,325/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 472 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,326/

(apparently) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 2,397 with current or a previous history of cancer with Covid-19, 50.7% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,327/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 194 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 & discharged alive, 40.2% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,328/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 99 in ICU due to respiratory insufficiency associated with severe Covid-19, SH=16.2%

60 in ICU ≥ 15 days: SH=15%
31 died: SH=35.5%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
7,329/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 47 on ECMO for severe COVID-19 ARDS, SH=2.1%

26 died: SH=zero

researchsquare.com/article/rs-258…
7,330/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 538 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=38.7%

41 with acute ischemic event: HS=51.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,331/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 111 with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with HFNC due to respiratory failure, AS=12.6%

47 intubated and/or died: AS=14.9%

44 died in hospital: AS=15.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,332/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 52 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=11.5% & F=32.7%

30 with infectious complications (non-Covid): A=16.7% & F=36.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Note: I forgot to update the smoking rate for Maryland.

It was 10.1% in 2021.

7,333/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 121 with Covid-19, S=24%

92 non-severe: S=27.2%
29 severe: S=13.8%

53 matched uninfected controls: S=22.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,334/

Peru (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.2% in 2020)

Of 110 with acute psychiatric disorders associated with Covid-19, 6.4% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,335/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,628,110 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.2% were nicotine or tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,336/

Saudi Arabia (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 1.8% in 2020)

Of 82 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, "There are no participants in this study who smoke"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,337/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 344 who had a CT scan 12 months after Covid-19, C=4.7% & F=33.1%

24 with lung abnormalities: C=16.7% & F=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Sweden

peer-reviewed version

I missed something:

S=snus (not specified..., potentially included in smoking & non-smoking categories)

434 still alive 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=16.1%

151 hospitalized: S=14.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,338/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 54 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, SH=46.3%

29 required oxygen: SH=48.3%

7 HFNC, mechanical ventilation and/or ECMO: SH=42.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,339/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 325 with severe pneumonia and ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 mechanically ventilated in ICU, 20% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,340/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

Of 368 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 7.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,341/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 1,206 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.4% were every-day smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,342/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 118 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, S=23.7%

27 with pulmonary embolism: S=25.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,343/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

same pts: note contradiction

Of 490 w/ Covid-19, C=17.1% & F=13.1%

438 hosp'd: C=15.1% & F=12.8%

22 ICU: C=22.7% & F=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
ImageImage
7,344/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

Of 113 in ICU with ARDS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 73.5% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,345/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 341 medical doctors infected with Covid-19, 7.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-253…
7,346/

Turkey (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,223 pregnant women, S=0.7%

42 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,347/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 60 hospitalized with asymptomatic Covid-19, zero reported any history of cigarette smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,348/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

Of 9,364 with Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,349/

New Zealand (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.3% in 2020)

Of 698 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, 17.1% smoked during pregnancy

OR (Covid-19-related hospital admission): 2.11 (1.20 – 3.70) p<0.05

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,350/

Saudi Arabia (estimated adult smoking rate was 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 312 with asthma & Covid-19, S=58.3%

286 without asthma with Covid-19: S=45.5%

300 with asthma without Covid-19: S=48%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

note 👇 Image
7,351/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,004 hospitalized with STEMI, CS=43%

91 with Covid-19: CS=18.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,352/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 537 with hospital-manifested COVID-19, S=24%

537 matched controls hospitalized with community-manifested COVID-19: S=20.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,353/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

Of 1,475 with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases infected with SARS-CoV-2, 6.7% were active smokers & 23.4% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,354/

(apparently mostly) West Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 22% in 2021)

Of 133 with a BMI of 30+ mechanically ventilated in ICU for severe Covid-19, 18% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,355/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently history)

Of 1,238 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22%

263 died: S=27.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Philippines

A fifth paper with the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,356/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31,500 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=10.2%

1,117 with pulmonary embolism: N=9.6% (9.5% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,357/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 204 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 28.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36810758/
7,358/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 66 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=13.6%

20 ICU: CS=10%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-261…
7,359/

China (est. current smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

1,245 (79% female) who recovered from Covid-19: C=3% & F=3.8%

Disorders:
861 smell: C=3.7% & F=4.4%
843 taste: C=3.2% & F=4.4%
391 chemesthesis: C=3.1% & F=4.1%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,360/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 220 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 13.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-260…
7,361/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 295 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.6% & X=29.2%

86 mild: S=9.3% & X=26.7%
131 moderate: S=8.4% & X=33.6%
79 severe/critical: S=1.3% & X=26.6%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,362/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 12 hospitalized with Covid-19, "All participants were Caucasians and non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,363/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 146 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 14.4% were smokers (apparently history)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Patients look suspiciously similar to 👇

7,364/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 371 (57.7% female) hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 78.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,365/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking/former smoker

Of 158 who had a lung CT scan 6 months after being hospitalized with Covid-19, S=25.9%

53 with abnormal lung CT: S=37.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,366/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 123 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.3%

28 ICU: CS=7.1%

11 died within 60 days: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,367/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 52 with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis infected with SARS-CoV-2, A=7.6% & F=28.8%

16 died: A+F=62.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,368/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 75 hospitalized in ICU with severe Covid-19 & discharged alive, 17.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,369/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 278,840 hospitalized with pulmonary embolism, N=41.8%

4,580 of them with Covid-19: N=27.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,370/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,125 people experiencing homelessness tested for antibodies, 57.3% were current smokers

180 positive

aHR (positivity): 0.46 (0.32 to 0.65)

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e… Image
7,371/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 746 who had a head MRI/A tested for antibodies, SH=41.6%

31 positive: SH=41.9%

715 untested: SH=44.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,372/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 171 hospitalized for Covid-19, 6.4% were ever smokers & 43.9% were former smokers

Comment: ?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,373/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 299 in ICU for Covid-19, S=3.3%

60 with thrombosis: S=3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,374/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,511 with community-acquired pneumonia, CS=37%
375 died: CS=44.5%

408 of them with Covid-19: CS=37%
176 died: CS=41.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,375/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 106 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21.7%

26 with pneumonia: S=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,376/

Romania (est. female current smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

144 pregnant women matched (S was a criterion)

48 with Covid-19 w/ hypertension (HT): S=16.7%

48 w/ C-19 w/o HT: S=12.5%

48 w/o C-19 w/ HT: S=20.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,377/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of up to 260 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, ~11.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,378/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoker (≥one cigarette/day for ≥1 year)

Of 51 people living with HTLV-1, CS=17.6%

19 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=21.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,379/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 153 who underwent VATS lobectomy for lung cancer, S=49.7%

30 with Covid-19 in the 3 months before surgery: S=43.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,380/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 98 who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,381/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 781 outpatients with mild or moderate Covid-19, 18.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,382/

Denmark (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy or parity

Of 88,479 pregnancies, S=7.5%

1,649 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=5.4%

38 hospitalized: S<5

Note: pregnancies counted, not people

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,383/

Italy (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.3% in 2020)

Of 16 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, "All the pregnant women were non-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,384/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of up to 2,022* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=5.9% & F=39.7%

up to 872* severe: C=4.3% & F=46.1%

*apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,385/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19 & diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, 9.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,386/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 179* tested for antibodies, S=34.6%

133* positive: S=37.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,387/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 509 with Covid-19 infection, 19.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,388/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use

Of ~850* with suspected Covid-19, CT=25.1%

~716* tested: CT=24.6%*

~121* positive: CT=14.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,389/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 574 who recovered from Covid-19, S=11.7%

507 with oral manifestations: S=12%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,390/

Scotland, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

Of 168 with Covid-19, 6.5% were current smokers & 28% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,391/

Philippines (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

Of 2,248 women age 15 to 49 with Covid-19, 2.2% were smokers (probably ever; a subset of individuals whose data was used in 5 other papers in this thread)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,392/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 59 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=10.2% & X=23.7%

36 symptomatic: C=5.6% & X=25%

26 surgery patients (presumably uninfected): C=42.3% & X=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,393/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19 receiving oxygen therapy, 12.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,394/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 284 in ICU with Covid-19, 28.2% were smokers (described at separate times as frequent & chronic, but not defined)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836429/
7,395/

HS=history of smoking

Of 437 hospitalized with Covid-1, HS=41.6%

71 died: HS=49.3%

Not stated where; authors from USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021), most from Connecticut

researchsquare.com/article/rs-249…
7,396/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 305,284 hospitalized for Covid-19, 27.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,397/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 6,665 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke, S=25.7%

322,575 hosp'd COVID-negative patients with acute ischemic stroke: S=40.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,398/

Romania (est. female current smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

Of 97 pregnant women who were SARS-CoV-2-positive at delivery, 22.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,399/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 258 hemodialysis patients with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,400/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,820 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.9% & X=43.2%
350* intubated, ICU and/or died: C=5.4% & X=50.3%

1,129 (of the 1,820): C=8.1% & X=42.2%
167* died: C=8.4% & X=46.7%

Continued
7,400a/

ever use: E=e-cigarette, H=HTP

1,773 hospitalized: E=5.5%
347 intubated, ICU and/or died: E=6.9%

1,121 (of the 1,773): E=5.9%
166* died: E=6%

1,744 hospitalized: H=1.7%
344* intubated, ICU and/or died: H=1.7%

1,119 (of the 1,744): H=2.3%
166* died: H=2.4%

Continued
7,400b/

*calculated

Comments:

Second-hand smoke data available

Low prevalence of C was hidden

The OR adjustment for C is suspect

It contains the loaded language, leaps of logic & unwarranted policy recommendations typical to Tobacco Control research

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36843106/ Image
7,401/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 695 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=9.8% & F=24.7%

203 mild/moderate: A=9.4% & F=15.8%
492 severe: A=10% & F=28.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-251…
7,402/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 9,317,423 adults, C=17.5% & X=22.2%

21,639 hospitalized with Covid-19: C=7.7% & X=35.7%

2,907 ICU: C=7.8% & X=34.9%

11,318 died: C=6.6% & X=39.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,403/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 2.6% was a current smoker & 55.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,404/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 14,795 with acute ischemic stroke, CS=21.1%

~850* with Covid-19: CS=15.3%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,405/

Albania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 1,493 health care workers tested for antibodies, C=13.5% & P=4.6%

1,076 positive: C=11% & P=5%

aOR (C): 0.55 (0.40–0.75) p<0.001

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,406/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 202,397 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=32.1%

"Smoking was also associated with a higher risk of death [1.10 (1.07, 1.12)]"

academic.oup.com/ije/advance-ar…
7,407/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 644 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,408/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 352 with diabetes & Covid-19, 12.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,409/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 420 hospitalized with Covid-19, 31% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,410/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (current at recruitment from 2017-2020)

Of 3,097 public sector employees, S=13.7%

794 with Covid-19 infection: S=10.7%

119 hospitalized: S=12.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-262…
7,411/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

cigarette smoking:
C=current
EF=smoker (not clear if ever or former)
S=second-hand

Of 3,030 with Covid-19:
C=1.3%
EF=13.3%
S=5.1%

2,206 hospitalized:
C=1.3%
EF=15.2%
S=5.4%

Continued
7,411a/

875 ICU:
C=1.1%
EF=13.1%
S=3%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

ORs for non-ICU hospitalization & ICU 👇 Image
USA

peer-reviewed version

I missed something (in supplement)

Of 21,528 hospitalized with Covid-19, 0.1% were e-cigarette users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,412/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 3,636 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=7.5% & F=25.5%

1,081 with acute kidney injury: A=7.3% & F=30.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,413/

District of Columbia, USA (adult current smoking rate was 9.5% in 2021)

SV=former/current smoking or vaping

Of 1,259 "university members" with Covid-19, SV=17%

487 with long Covid: SV=19.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,414/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (100+ cigarettes in lifetime)

Of 71,488 individuals, S=25.8%

4,363 with Covid-19 infection: S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,415/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 38 hospitalized with severe COVID-19 who received HFNC treatment, 63.2% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,416/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2021)

Of 250 hospitalized for Covid-19 (non-ICU), 42.4% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,417/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 177,235 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.8% were current smokers & 22.1% were former smokers

academic.oup.com/cid/advance-ar…
7,418/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 103 hospitalized with moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.8% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,419/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 3,518,380 diagnosed with Covid-19, 15.2% were current smokers & 23.7% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

Note: from dataset with disproportionately high smoking rate

7,420/

Europe

Of 232 with hematological malignancies & Covid-19, 6% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,421/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 6,957 with suspected or confirmed Covid-19, 5.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

OR (hospitalization/ICU/mechanical ventilation/death): 0.84 (0.64–1.10) p=0.223

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,422/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 333 veterans with lung cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, C=47.4% & F=45%

Note: errors in Table 1 re outcomes

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,423/

Georgia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 470 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=18.5%*

352 hospitalized: S=17.9%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,424/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 23 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=40%

19 matched uninfected controls: S=11%

Comment:
Solely reporting rounded percentages is annoying

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,425/

(apparently) Europe

Of 11 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, 36.4% were former smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,426/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 75 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with pneumonia, S=48%

13 died: S=69.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,427/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

T=tobacco exposure (not defined, apparently used interchangeably with "smoking": not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,163 with Covid-19, T=16.9%

125 died: 14.4% were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,428/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 183 age 65+ with Type I or II diabetes with COVID-19 and renal impairment, 15.3% were smokers (16% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,429/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

Of 268 with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation, 6.7% were current tobacco users & 22.4% were former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,430/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 681,283 diagnosed with Covid-19, N=8.2%

179,651 diagnosed with influenza (not diagnosed with Covid-19): N=8.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,431/

(mostly) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 4,680 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.4% were tobacco users & 7.7% were marijuana users (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,432/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 225 with mild to moderate flu-like illness & tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=7.1%

137 positive: S=5.8%

53 healthy controls: S=3.8%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,433/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 296 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=22.6% & X=16.2%

78 non-severe: C=19.2% & X=10.3%
97 severe: C=22.7% & X=18.5%
121 critical: C=24.8% & X=18.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-257…
7,434/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 85,998 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 & were deemed to be at high risk of progression to severe Covid-19, 17.4% were current smokers & 42.1% were former smokers

bmj.com/content/380/bm…
7,435/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,450 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=24.4% & F=22.6%

1,733 with post-acute sequelae: C=23.3% & F=23.3%

Note: an additional 31,825 had missing smoking status

researchsquare.com/article/rs-259…
7,436/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 2,682 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.4% were current smokers

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
7,437/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 53 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=26.4%

26 presumably uninfected matched controls: S=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,438/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 440 intubated in hospital with Covid-19, 3.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,439/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 125 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 12.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,440/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (current or former)

Of 184 in semi-intensive care unit with Covid-19, S=52.2%

15 with pneumothorax: S=73.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,441/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 198 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.5% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,442/

Libya (adult smoking rate was ~12.6% in 2015)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 94 hospitalized with Covid-19 ARDS, S=7.4%

58 died: S=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,443/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking, H=hookah use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,688 age 60+ hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.9% & H=0.7%

512 died: S=8.2% & H=0.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,444/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

smoking/vaping: C=current, F=former

Of 78 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=6.4% & F=16.7%

76 household contacts (HC) infected: C=5.3% & F=18.4%

135 HC uninfected: C=4.4% & F=17.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,445/

Utah, New York & Alabama, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 6.2%, 10.1% & 15.5% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 941 who gave birth, CS=4.1%

184 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: CS=3.3%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,446/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 29,817 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=16.2%

3,060 hospitalized: CS=26.4%

228 ICU: CS=36%

413 died: CS=21.3%

56,785 matched uninfected controls: CS=15%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,447/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 301 who recovered from Covid-19, 19.6% were smokers. Or some other number. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,448/

West Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 22% in 2021)

CS=current smoker

Of 165 in ICU with hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, CS=4.8%

37 with barotrauma: CS=2.7%

39 in ICU w/ hypoxic respiratory failure w/o COVID-19: CS=35.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,449/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 404 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30.7% were current or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,450/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 221* age 65+ diagnosed with severe COVID-19 ARDS who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 23.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Iran

Same patients. This one says 26.5%, and actual numbers were reported instead of a rounded percentage. Apparently it's ever smoking.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,451/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 271 health care workers still alive 28 months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 4.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,452/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 752 with Covid-19, 24.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,453/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 94 or 95 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=5%

42 or 43 uninfected controls: S=12%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,454/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 129 in ICU with severe Covid-19, ES=17.8%

48 died: ES=18.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,455/

Wisconsin, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 453* hospitalized with Covid-19, 50.8% were current or former smokers

64 died

aOR (mortality): 1.01 (0.55, 1.85) p=0.98

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,456/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 24 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 who developed pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum (P/P), C=0 & P=33.3%

48 controls (hosp'd w/ C-19 w/o P/P): C=4.2% & P=27.1%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,457/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 104 who survived hospitalization for COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation, 2.9% were current smokers & 62.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,458/

Tennessee, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 19.7% in 2021)

CS=current smoker

Of 24 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), CS=0

24 uninfected controls: CS=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,459/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 94 with Covid-19, CS=18.1% (17.9% reported)

62 with pneumonia: CS=21%

26 with severe pneumonia: CS=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
New York State, USA

Dead link (1,890)

Apparently this is the peer-reviewed version

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,460/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021: female=11.9%, male=15.1%)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 1,353 females with active or history of breast cancer (BC) & SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=32.7%

25 males with BC & SARS-CoV-2: CFS=28%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,461/

Russia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25% in 2020)

Of 385 hospitalized with Covid-19, "About one-third of the participants (125, 32.5%) smoked cigarettes" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,462/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

Of 452 who survived Covid-19, 28.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,463/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)
Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

Of 224 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 46.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,464/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 18,200 (61.1% male) hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8.3% (6.2% cigarettes, 1.6% hookah, 0.5% both)

3,796 ICU: CS=9.5%

4,756 died: CS=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,465/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 194 with long Covid, 40.7% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,466/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: O=ongoing, P=previous

Of 121 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, O=5.8% & P=45.5%

19 mild: O=21.1% & P=21.1%
68 moderate: O=4.4% & P=47.1%
34 severe: O=0 & P=55.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,467/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 164 in ICU with severe or critical Covid-19, HS=52.4%

33 died: HS=51.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,468/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 150 with Covid-19, "20.7% (n: 31) were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,469/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,164,696 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=25.6% & F=24.5%

9,705 hospitalized: C=17.4% & F=39.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,470/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

smoking: C=occasional & daily, P=past

Of 964 age 18-55 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=11.9% & P=32.2%

355 positive: C=8.7% & P=29.9%

14,509 random controls age 21-55: C=17.1% & P=25.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,471/

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, and Venezuela

Of 3,260 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.4% were previous or actual smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,472/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 428,400 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.5% were current smokers & 38.2% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,473/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 485 hospitalized with Covid-19, "3.70% (n=18) of patients were heavy smokers"

Note: Tibet

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,474/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 57 with Covid-19, HS=38.6%

19 required oxygen: HS=42.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-261…
7,475/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 100 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, AS=28

35 in ICU with non-Covid-19 ARDS: AS=57.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-265…
7,476/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 804 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.7% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,477/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 386 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.5% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,478/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 155 still alive 3 years after having Covid-19, SH=6.5%

7 with olfactory dysfunction (at 3 years): SH=0

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,479/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

ES=ever smoking

Of 218 food processing & farm workers & their family members tested for antibodies, ES=12.4%

109 positive: ES=13.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,480/

France, Japan, Spain, UK & USA

Of 175 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 4% were current smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
7,481/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 110,803 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.9% were current smokers & 16.2% were former smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
7,482/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 1,233 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.6% were active smokers & 12.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,483/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 281,793 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 & at least 1 risk factor (including current smoking) of progression to severe acute COVID-19, 15.4% were current smokers & 41.4% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
7,484/

Illinois, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12% in 2021)

Of 145 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "Most were never-smokers (65%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,485/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

Of (apparently) 76 with Covid-19 not requiring hospitalization, 9.2% were current smokers & 31.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,486/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 94 people living with HIV with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=18.1% & F=26.6%

113 matched controls (with HIV, without SARS-CoV-2): C=21.2% & F=32.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,487/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 13 with Covid-19-associated tracheal stenosis, 30.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,488/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 157 in ICU with Covid-19 who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 5.7% were current smokers & 54.8% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,489/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)
Wales,UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified...)

in ICU with acute respiratory failure:

79 in Austria: S=12.7%
35 in Wales: S=22.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,490/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 4,290 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.4% were current smokers & 22.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,491/

West Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 22% in 2021)

Of 40 in ICU with ARDS from COVID-19 pneumonia and discharged alive, 7.5% were current smokers & 30% were ex-smokers. Zero were e-cigarette users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,492/

Ecuador (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.5% in 2020)

Of 1,447 age 18 to 66 with mild to moderate Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 8.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,493/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 2,971 with Covid-19, 52.3% were ever smokers

Note: source is NHIS, so authors had current smoking data & chose not to report it

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,494/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history (former & current)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=25

44 with olfactory dysfunction: SH=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,495/

Ukraine (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.3% in 2020)

Of 330 with long Covid, 41.5% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,496/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 1,160,006 with a positive Covid-19 test, 17.7% were current smokers & 21.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,497/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 64,734 tested for antibodies, S=9.6% & X=42.2%

2,839 positive: S=8.3% & X=35.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,498/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 96 in ICU due to COVID-19, 33.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,499/

Syria (no reliable smoking prevalence data: a 2019 survey found 16.4% cigarettes & 29.3% shisha, incl. 7.8% dual)

Of 515 hospitalized with Covid-19, "One hundred ninety-two (37.3%) patients were current or previous smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,500/

Myanmar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.7% in 2020)

Of 1,606 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.9% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,501/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 686 with asymptomatic or mild Covid-19 infection, 21.3% were smokers (apparently ever)

"smoking status had no impact on the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction..."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,502/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 108 with Covid-19, A=2.8% & X=34.3%

27 ambulatory: A=3.7% & X=14.8%
55 moderate: A=3.6% & X=43.6%
26 severe: A=0 & X=34.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,503/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,492 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.4% were current smokers & 22.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,504/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 567 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=5.1% & X=3.7%

183 died: C=4.9% & X=4.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,505/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 91 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 isolated at home, 24.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,506/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

same patients

during acute infection
150 hospitalized: S=3.3%
77 ICU: S=3.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,507/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 157 Covid-19 convalescent plasma donors, 7.6% were current smokers & 29.3% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,508/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 16 liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Only one (6.3%) patient was an active smoker."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,509/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 254 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection & discharged alive, 19.3% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,510/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 118 food processing & farm workers tested for antibodies, CS=6.8%

59 positive: CS=3.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Note similarities & differences 👇

7,511/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 1,180 with Covid-19, 6.9% were current smokers & 33.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,512/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 251 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, SH=56.2%

105 died: SH=65.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,513/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 370 isolated at home with Covid-19, 7.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,514/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of (apparently) 1,126 tested for antibodies, S=16%

88 positive (calculated):

OR positivity (CS) = 3.0, 95% CI 1.5–6.1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,515/

New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.7% in 2021)

Of 96 with Covid-19, 10.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,516/

Kentucky, USA (adult smoking rate was 19.6% in 2021)

Of 582 with fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections, 15.8% were current smokers & 41.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,517/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

Of 12,361 who recovered from Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers (4.9% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,518/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 465 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=11.2%

47 ICU: S=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,519/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 11.5% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 3,589 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, CS=18%

957 symptomatic: CS=18.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,520/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 11.5% in 2021)

Of 4,277 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 9.4% were current smokers

Note: this is Dec 2020-May 2021.
Previous tweet was Dec 2021-March 2022

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,521/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 203 who recovered from Covid-19, 19.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever, but "ever smoker" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,522/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 192 intubated patients with Covid-19, SH=56.3%

44 with barotrauma: SH=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,523/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 46 men age 18-75 and women age 50–75 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,524/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 359 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=37.6%

87 ICU: S=35.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,525/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 202 age 60+ with history of Covid-19, HS=30.7%

202 age 60+ without history of Covid-19: HS=27.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,526/

Philippines (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 398 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8% & P=27.9%

73 died: C=4.1% & P=31.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,527/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 326 who recovered from Covid-19, "A considerable proportion of the participants were smokers (38.3%)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,528/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 54 with severe Covid-19, SH=63.3%

14 died: SH=76.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,529/

USA (male current smoking age 18+ was 15.1% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 87,525 males, CS=7.9%

42,406 diagnosed with Covid-19: CS=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,530/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; see below)

Of 261 in ICU with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=41.4%

239 died: S=43.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,531/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 955 recovering from Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 20.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,532/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 472 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,533/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

Of 491 age 20 to 60 in ICU with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 14.1% smoked (S) & 11.6% chewed (C) tobacco at time of admission

18+ months later: S=4.9% & C=9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,534/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 106,532 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5% were current smokers & 17% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,535/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 398 with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms diagnosed with Covid-19, "Smoking history was reported in 41 patients (10.3%)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,536/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, X="X smoker"

Of 20 COVID-19 patients with peripheral neuropathy, S=40% & X=5%

20 healthy controls: S=45% & X=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,537/

Georgia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15% in 2021)

Of 735 hospitalized for any reason with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test, 18.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,538/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (at least 1 cigarette per week)

Of 107 asylum seekers tested for antibodies, S=54.2%

32 positive: S=68.8%

aOR: 0.20 [0.06, 0.69]p = 0.011

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,539/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

XCS=ex/current smoker

Of 223 who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization for Covid-19, XCS=43.5%

23 reintubated: XCS=43.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,540/

(mostly) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 297 with active or a history of melanoma & Covid-19, 39.7% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,541/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 303 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

17 with liver injury: zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,542/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 20 with Covid-19, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,543/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

AXS=active and ex-smokers

Of 54 Covid-19 survivors, AXS=11.1%

32 with significant increase in thyroid volume: AXS=15.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,544/

Democratic Republic of the Congo (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.6% in 2020)

South Sudan (18+ daily tobacco use was ~9% in 2016)

CS=current smoker

Of 144 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=2.1%
89 DRC: CS=3.4%
55 SS: CS=0

24 died: CS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,545/

Italy (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.3% in 2020)

Of 14 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,546/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 63 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS & treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 3.2% were smokers & 25.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,547/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 398,530 with Covid-19, 22.6% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,548/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 76 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, ES=30.3%

35 with dyspnea: ES=37.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,549/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 76 hospitalized for non-severe Covid-19 pneumonia, 5.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,550/

Czech Republic (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% in 2020)

Of 30 in ICU with Covid-19, 3.3% was a current smoker & 6.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,551/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 396 hospitalized with Covid-19, 31.8% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,552/

Bangladesh (est. female current tobacco use age 15+ was 15.5% in 2020: 0.5% smoking, 15% smokeless)

Of 900 post-menopausal women with a history of Covid-19, 3.1% chewed tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,553/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

ND=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,414,918 with SARS-CoV-2 infection or diagnosed with Covid-19, ND=4.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,554/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history ("ex/current smoker with ≥ 10 pack/year smoking history")

Of 86 with Covid-19, SH=7%

13 severe (intubated, ICU and/or died): SH=7.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-266…
7,555/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 412 with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.1% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,556/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 71 with long Covid, 31% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,557/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 43 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 34.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,558/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 536 with long Covid, 2.6% were current smokers & 32.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,559/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

Of 900 hospitalized with Covid-19 in whom clinically indicated transthoracic echocardiography performed, 30.3% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,560/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 644 age 60+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers & 27.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,561/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 20,128 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.1% were smokers & 0.6% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,562/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 106 age 65+ with Covid-19, 28.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,563/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 488 hospitalized for non-severe Covid-19, 39.5% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,564/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 160 hospitalized with Covid-19, 26.3% were smokers (28% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,565/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 83 in ICU with Covid-19, 6% were active smokers

Of 79 of the same patients, 45.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,566/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 400 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20%

148 invasive mechanical ventilation: S=25.7%

84 died: S=39.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,567/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 84 hospitalized with pneumonia due to COVID-19, S=17.9% & F=38.1%

38 ICU: S=28.9% & F=28.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,568/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 10 with post-COVID-19 pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis, 40% were former smokers & 60% were never smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,569/

Kansas, USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2021)

Of 81 intubated for ARDS from Covid-19 in ICU, 7.4% were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-274…
7,570/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,085 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.6%

251 died: S=6.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-273…
7,571/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

S=daily smoking

Of 404 age 12 to 25 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=0.2% (0.3% reported)

105 tested negative: S=0

A comment on smoking prevalence in that demographic imo

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,572/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 105 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,573/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 290 still alive 30 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, AS=5.2%

137 with persistent symptoms: AS=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,574/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

Of 32 with mild Covid-19, 21.9% were smokers & 25% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,575/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoker
X=ex-smoker
P=passive smoker 🙄

Of 4,664 age 18+ with Covid-19,
S=20.2%
X=3.2%
P=4.9%

1,245 under age 18 with Covid-19:
S=1%
X=0
P=6.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,576/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 28 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,577/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 102 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,578/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 20,446 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,579/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 396* hospitalized with Covid-19, 11.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,580/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 154 with Covid-19 infection, C=2.7% & E=26%

1,227 without Covid-19 infection: C=3.8% & E=29.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,581/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

N=nicotine use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, N=43.2%

35 died: N=60%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36994686/
7,582/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, Q=quit at least 5 years previously

Of 43 divers (35 male) who recovered from Covid-19, S=23.3% & Q=18.6%

13 deemed unfit for diving: S=23.1% & Q=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,583/

Luxembourg (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 791 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=18.2% & F=18.6%

244 almost asymptomatic: C=20.9% & F=15.6%

54* with persisting symptoms: C=13% & F=20.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,584/

Massachusetts & New York, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% & 12% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 180 age 60+ with heart failure tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=11.1%

50 positive: CS=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,585/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 38 with chronic cough 12 weeks after the diagnosis of acute COVID-19, 18.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,586/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,121 with asymptomatic Covid-19, 20.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,587/

Turkey (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 437 hospitalized with Covid-19 during pregnancy, 3.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,588/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 305 in ICU with Covid-19, CS=27.5%

172 died: CS=32.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Correction (5,267)

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 66 with olfactory dysfunction which persisted more than 90 days after recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

7,589/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.7% in 2021)

Of 7,452 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 26% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,590/

India (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco intake (not specified if current or ever)

Of 746 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=83.8%

27 died: T=88.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Update (5,524)

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,427,293 adults, C=6% & F=22.3%

44,270 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=4.1% & F=19.5%

Continued

4,014 hospitalized: C=2.8% & F=33.9%

869 ICU: C=3.7% & F=36.5%

614 died: C=1.9% & F=47.9%

Comment: Conclusions in the abstract are misleading; I suspect intentionally so

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,591/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 474 hospitalized with severe-to-critical Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3.8% were current smokers & 33.5% were ex-smokers (≥5 pack-years)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,592/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=smoker
F=former smoker
P=passive smoker 🙄

Of 1,986 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection:
S=6.5%
F=21.3%
P=0.6%

840 hospitalized:
S=4.8%
F=21.4%
P=0.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Same patients

7,593/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, P=past

52,050 tested for antibodies

5,091 positive: C=11.9% & P=30.6%

46,959 negative: C=19.7% & P=32.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,594/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 8,996 veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, C=23.4% & F=40.7%

2,403 veterans hospitalized with influenza, C=33.7% & F=37.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
7,595/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,213 with autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, S=8.7%

195 severe: S=8.2%

116 died: S=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,596/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 259 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 19.3% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,597/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,000 vaccinated health care workers, S=28.3%

50 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=34%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37023422/
7,598/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (cigarette or HTP; not specified if current or ever)

2,341 vaccinated health care workers

243 with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection: T=4.5%

2,098 uninfected: T=7.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,599/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 176 with severe Covid-19, 4% were current smokers & 28.4% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,600/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,578,095 who gave birth, T=4.8%

45,425 with Covid-19 infection at delivery: T=2.1%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,601/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 317 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Fifty-five out of 317 (17.4%) patients were active smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,602/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

CS=current tobacco smoking

Of 2,431 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.2%

1,137 died: CS=14.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,603/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 496 with long Covid, 7.1% were current smokers & 22.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,604/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,859 with hematological malignancy diagnosed with COVID-19, 11.2% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,605/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 313,657 diagnosed with Covid-19, 35.7% were current smokers & 12.2% were previous smokers

possibly misreported?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,606/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 55 age 65+ hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia & discharged alive, 27.3% were active or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,607/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,737 mechanically ventilated in ICU, S=48.9%

411 with Covid-19: S=39.7%
1,326 without Covid-19: S=51.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,608/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoking

Of 2,463 people living with HIV, CFS=45.2%

283 with Covid-19: CFS=40.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,609/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 2,944 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 11.7% were current smokers & 39.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,610/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

SV=smoking/vaping (not specified...)

Of 1,720 intubated in hospital emergency departments tested for SARS-CoV-2, SV=19.8%

337 positive: SV=13.1%
1,383 negative: SV=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,611/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, P=previous smoker

Of 283 who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 who had a chest x-ray, S=10.5% & P=28%

18 tested positive shortly after: S=0 & P=27.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,612/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 367 with Covid-19, 4.6% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,613/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoke

Of 14,901 age 20 to 60, CS=27.6%

166 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=29.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,614/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 405 who recovered from acute Covid-19, S=2 (0.5%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-274…
7,615/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 297 with Covid-19, S=18.2%

54 with pulmonary embolism: S=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,616/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 100 with Covid-19, 25 were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,617/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Smoking: C=present, P=previous

Of 431 with Covid-19, C=7.9% & P=37.6%

114 critical outcomes: C=6.1% & P=47.4%

87 died: C=6.9% & P=50.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,618/

India (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

ET=ever consumed tobacco

Of 1,727 adults, ET=21.3%

210 with a history of confirmed/probable/suspected Covid-19, ET=20.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,619/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 256,828 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=15.3% & F=41.5%

28,207 reinfected: C=15.6% & F=41.7%

bmj.com/content/381/bm…
7,620/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 116 with chronic kidney disease (CKD) hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.9%

147 without CKD hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.2%

42 died: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,621/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 19 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS who underwent intubation, ECMO & tracheostomy, 26.3% "were either active or former smokers with a 10 to 30 pack-year history"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,622/

Romania (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 52 hospitalized during pregnancy, S=13.5%

26 with Covid-19: S=19.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,623/

Cyprus (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 294 Covid-19 survivors, S=22.8% & F=6.1%

96 with ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 or post-COVID-19: S=22.9% & F=3.1%

Note: Northern Cyprus

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,624/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 75,232 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=4.3%

25,722 positive: S=4.1%

OR: 0.82 (0.75, 0.88) p < 0.001

Continued
7,624a/

23,317 mild: S=4.2%
2,106 moderate: S=3%
299 severe/critical: S=3.7%

OR (severe/critical): 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) p < 0.01

4,417 died: S=3.4%

OR: 0.73 (0.59, 0.89) p < 0.01

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,625/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

cigarette smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 467 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=2.6% & F=10.3%

222 hospitalized: C=2.7% & F=17.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,626/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 106 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Twenty-nine patients were smokers (>20 packs/year)"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,627/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 119 tested for antibodies, S=21.8%

88 positive: S=23.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,628/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 243 who developed at least one long-term symptom related to COVID-19, 28.8% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,629/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 42 with long-term post-COVID-19 symptoms, 26.2% were smokers & 28.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,630/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 745 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.1% were smokers & 5.4% were ex-smokers

Includes a number of NS ORs, except ex-smoking was associated with ICU admission

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,631/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 10,346 in ICU for Covid-19, C=27.1% & F=21.7%

1,696 with hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and thrombosis complications: C=26.6% & F=27.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,632/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 116 with Covid-19, C=6% & F=32.8%

24 mild: C=8.3% & F=25%
58 moderate: C=3.5% & F=49.7%
34 severe: C=8.8% & F=26.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,633/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 157 recovering from Covid-19, 22.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,634/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 200 COVID-19 convalescent patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms, 7.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,635/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 79 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,636/

Iraq (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 36.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 39 age 31 to 47 with erectile dysfunction after recovering from acute Covid-19, S=10.3%

20 healthy controls: S=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,637/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 with cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=zero

50 without cancer with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,638/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 88 critically ill with Covid-19, 26.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,639/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 500 with Covid-19, S=7.2%

80 mild: S=10%
230 moderate: S=7.8%
135 severe: S=4.4%
55 ICU: S=7.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,640/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 11.9% in 2021)

Of 3,640 female nurses with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.9% were current cigarette smokers & 25.9% were past cigarette smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,641/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 631 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=1.1% & F=39.8%

392 reported poor sleep quality months later: C=1.3% & F=40.8%

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
7,642/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)
India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 214 hospitalized with moderate-to-critical Covid-19, 20.6% were present or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,643/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 636 age 18 to 24 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers & 1.6% were e-cigarette users (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,644/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

APS=active/prior smoking

Of 158 hospitalized with respiratory failure due to COVID-19, APS=31.6%

66 with pulmonary embolism: APS=30.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-280…
Spain

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients

7,645/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

ES=ever smoker

Of 1,309 with cancer, ES=31.8%

200 with Covid-19: ES=42%

94 with slow recovery: ES=53.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,646/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 99 with Covid-19, S=3% & X=23.2%

141 matched uninfected controls: S=12.1% & X=5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,647/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 402,388 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,648/

Philippines (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 352 women (65.9% pregnant), ES=4.3%

132 with SARS-CoV-2 infection (73.5% pregnant): ES=1.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,649/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 670 age 18 to 64 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.1% were smokers & 23.3% were ex-smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,650/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 112 with mild Covid-19, 33.9% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,651/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 606 individuals, C=9.6% & P=41.4%

268 with Covid-19: C=7.5% & P=44%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,652/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 389,211* who had surgery, CFS=13.3%

37,354 with a history of Covid-19: CFS=11.3%

*number with smoking status exceeds total number of participants

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,653/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 61 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3.1% were current smokers & 34.4% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-277…
7,654/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 467 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-280…
7,655/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 253 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, 22.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,656/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 776 college students with Covid-19 infection, S=8.4%

1,374 matched uninfected college students: S=8.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,657/

Arizona & Alaska, USA

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 423* symptomatic American Indian and Alaska Native persons tested for SARS-CoV-2, CFS=35.9%*

180* positive: CFS=36.7%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,658/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 125 hospitalized with STEMI, S=32%

25 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=28%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,659/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 23,413 hospitalized for pulmonary embolism who experienced heart failure, T=1.1%

295 with Covid-19: T=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,660/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 245 with Covid-19 listed for lung transplantation, 32.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,661/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 1,174 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,662/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 20,413 with SARS-CoV-2 infection:

13.7% were smokers
<10 cigs per day: 7.5%
10 to 20: 5%
>20: 2.1%

3.9% were non-smoking e-cigarette users
0.8% used nicotine substitution (non-smokers)

Continued
7,662a/

"Smoking was associated with an increased incubation period, with an effect increasing with daily cigarette count; the same effect was not observed with nicotine substitution."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,662/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 20,413 with SARS-CoV-2 infection:

14.6% were smokers
<10 cigs per day: 7.5%
10 to 20: 5%
>20: 2.1%

3.9% were non-smoking e-cigarette users
0.8% used nicotine substitution (non-smokers)

Continued
7,662a/

"Smoking was associated with an increased incubation period, with an effect increasing with daily cigarette count; the same effect was not observed with nicotine substitution."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,663/

Iceland, Sweden, Norway & Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 11.9%, 15.3%, 16% & 17.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 64,376 individuals, CS=11.3%

22,292 diagnosed with Covid-19: CS=9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,664/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 21 with COPD hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=61.9%

12 died: CS=66.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,665/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 126 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,666/

Portugal (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 217 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=9.2%

425 matched controls (uninfected during pregnancy): S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,667/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 42 in ICU with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=23.8%

20 positive: S=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,668/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 470 with Covid-19 (76% female), 29.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,669/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, 54% were current smokers & 5.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,670/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 170 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=14.7% & X=33.5%

81 with oxygen demand: C=9.9% & X=40.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,671/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 135 Covid-19 survivors, 1.5% were active smokers & 40.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,672/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 179 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were current smokers & 25.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,673/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 167,183 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 6.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,674/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

current use:
C=cigarettes
E=ENDS 🙄
CI=cigars
P=pipe/waterpipe
S=smokeless tobacco

Of 29,482 adults:
C=8.7%
E=3.6%
CI=2.9%
P=0.9%
S=2%

17,459 tested for Covid-19:
C=8.2%
E=3.6%
CI=2.9%
P=1%
S=1.8%

Continued
7,674a/

3,209 positive:
C=6.3%
E=4.3%
CI=2.5%
P=1%
S=2.2%

Notes:

3.3% of total sample used more than one product

much, much more in paper

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22… Image
7,675/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,050,040 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-279…

apparently the same patients

7,676/

India (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

Of 1,938 with Covid-19, 10.4% were current tobacco users & 25% were lifetime tobacco users

much more in paper (e.g. smoking vs chewing)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,677/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 2,110,268 adults, 63% were ever smokers

183,350 diagnosed with Covid-19: 65.6% were ever smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,678/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 3,033 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,679/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,300* hospitalized with Covid-19, 48.3% were current or former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,680/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

smoking/vaping
C=current (either)
D=current (both)
F=former (either)

Of 384 who recovered from Covid-19:
C=23.7%
D=10.2%
F=17.4%

Continued
7,680a/

132 with at least one non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection within 1 year after recovery:
C=38.7%
D=14.4%
F=6.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,681/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 229,286 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.9% were current smokers & 45.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,682/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 467 hospitalized with Covid-19, 29.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,683/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 63 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 34.9% were ex-smokers & (apparently) zero were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,684/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,103 Covid-19 patients who died in hospital, S=15.1%

109 died after discharge: S=8.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,685/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,622,755 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.3% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

OR (mortality): 0.68 (0.67-0.70) p<.001

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
7,686/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 836 critically ill in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.1% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanmi…
7,687/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of ~1,625* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=16%

with bacterial respiratory infections:
44* co-infx: S=13.6%
71* 2ry: S=7%

*calculated
numbers don't add up

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,688/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 30 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,689/

Europe (mostly Germany)

Of 229 with pulmonary hypertension diagnosed with Covid-19, 46.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,690/

Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2021)

SH=any smoking history

Of 31 with a history of tuberculosis with Covid-19, SH=41.9%

93 matched controls (without TB with Covid-19): SH=39.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,691/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 university employees with a history of Covid-19 infection, S=31.3%

34 with long Covid: S=32.4%

47 uninfected controls: S=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,692/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 75 with chest pain & a history of Covid-19, S=13.3%

83 matched controls with chest pain without Covid-19: S=22.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,693/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 904 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, C=10.7% & P=41.6%

352 mild/moderate: C=8.5% & P=36.9%
368 severe: C=12.2% & P=44.3%
184 critical: C=12% & P=45.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,694/

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 287 with a history of metabolic surgery with Covid-19, S=39%

861 matched controls (with Covid-19, no MS): S=37.8%

Not stated where. Apparently USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,695/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 86 age 16 to 50 who reported olfactory dysfunction at least 1 month after recovery from Covid-19, 12.8% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,696/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 118 (127) age 18 to 65 with olfactory impairment persisting ≥180 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.9% (18.1%) were smokers (not specified...)

reported twice, but differently

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,697/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 915 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.3% were current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112835/
7,698/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 224 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 4.9% were smokers & 39.3% were former smokers at the time they were hospitalized

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,699/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 687 Covid-19 survivors with post-acute symptoms, 11.4% were smokers & 24.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,700/

Czech Republic (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% in 2020)

Of 17 who survived after undergoing ECMO in ICU with Covid-19, 17.6% were active smokers* & 11.8% were former smokers

*"all stopped smoking immediately after discharge"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,701/

Scotland, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

Of 281 with Covid-19, 37.4% were ex- or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,702/

Croatia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 33.1% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 65 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, AS=7.7%

12 died: AS=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,703/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 101 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,704/

Kentucky, USA (adult smoking rate was 19.6% in 2021)

CS=current smoker

Of ~514* hospitalized with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2, CS=7.4%

257* hospitalized with pneumonia associated with influenza: CS=31.5%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,705/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 407 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=76.9%

164 with bacterial and fungal co- and/or superinfections, S=81.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,706/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

Of 15 with a history of hematologic malignancies who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 20% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,707/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 103,845 hospitalized with ARDS associated with Covid-19, S=21.6% (21.5% reported)

2,875 hospitalized with ARDS associated with influenza: S=35.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,708/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 68 with rheumatic diseases & a history of Covid-19, S=45.6%

80 matched controls with a history of Covid-19 but without RD: S=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,709/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 30,130 survey respondents, S=18.3% (18.2% reported)

1,344 with Covid-19: S=38.6%
539 required oxygen therapy: S=59.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,710/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 268 in ICU due to severe Covid-19, 12.3% were current smokers & 29.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,711/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

CS=current cigarette smoker

Of 50 with Covid-19, CS=34%

50 healthy controls: CS=40%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,712/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 1,295 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,713/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

3,550 health care workers tested for antibodies

563 positive: S=11.5%
2,987 negative: S=25.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,714/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoke, V=vape, C=cannabis (not specified...)

Of 108 mildly symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2:
S=13.9%
V=13%
C=24.1%

50 positive:
S=14%
V=14%
C=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,715/

Turkey (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 114 males with Covid-19, S=52.6%

144 matched uninfected controls: S=41.2%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,716/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 116,732 individuals, S=5.6%

36,281 with Covid-19: S=4.5%

1,939 hospitalized: S=9.4%

383 invasive mechanical ventilation: S=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,717/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 190 with Covid-19, "Almost all (>96%) of the respondents in our study did not report a history of smoking tobacco"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

😂 Image
7,718/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 227 Covid-19 survivors, 32.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,719/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 438,431 who tested positive for Covid-19, 19.7% were smokers (apparently ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,720/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 92 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1 (1.1%)

47 moderate: S=0
45 severe: S=1 (2.2%)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-284…
Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

7,721/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 49 hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonitis, 2% was a current smoker & 59.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,722/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 427 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.6% were smokers & 34% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,723/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 94 in ICU with Covid-19, 14.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,724/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 457,804 who had non-cardiac inpatient surgery, CFS=12.4%

33,861 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: CFS=10.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,725/

USA

712 underwent elective primary total joint arthroplasty in 2020 & subsequently contracted Covid-19

277 readmitted (for Covid-19)

"Nicotine dependence was associated with decreased risk of readmission (aOR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.59, P<0.001)"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,726/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 225 hemodialysis patients with initially mild or asymptomatic Covid-19, 8.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,727/

Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.6% in 2020)

Of 2,397 with opioid disorder tested for SARS-CoV-2, 45.5% were current tobacco smokers & 26.3% were former tobacco smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

Left: ORs (positivity)
Right: Cognitive dissonance on display ImageImage
7,728/

Slovakia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 86 who recovered from acute Covid-19, S=29.1%

41 with post-Covid syndrome: S=31.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,729/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 1,135 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,730/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,000 with metabolic syndrome tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=48.4%

206 positive: S=77.7%

OR: 5.04 (3.53–7.21) p< 0.0001

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,731/

S=smoking, F=former smoking

Of 2,430 with a history of Covid-19, S=9.8% & F=18.6%

1,164 with long Covid: S=10% & F=22%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,732/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 5,380,897 tested, S=5.5%
2,829,482 positive: S=4.8%

Children excluded (assuming zero smoked)

4,983,773 tested: S=5.9%
2,658,138 positive: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,733/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 1,057 in ICU with Covid-19, AS=16.8%

292 died within 28 days: AS=17.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,734/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 292 with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) while hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.8% & F=9.2%

44 with PE: S=9.1% & F=11.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,735/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 27,614,510 individuals, SH=5%

2,036,930 with Covid-19 infection: SH=12.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37141688/
7,736/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 750 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1.3% had a history of smoking

"the CFR for these patients was 10% and for those without a history of smoking also 10%"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,737/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 43 intubated in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,738/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 390 health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2.8% were active smokers & 2.3% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,739/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 36 who complained of persistent loss of taste sensation following COVID-19, 30.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Brazil

researchsquare.com/article/rs-285…

same patients

7,740/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

CFS=current or former tobacco smoking

Of 1,443 Covid-19 survivors, CFS=11.4%

2,962 controls who tested negative: CFS=10.3%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,741/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 108 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=33.3%

65 moderate: CS=44.6%
43 severe: CS=16.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,742/

Brazil

100 hospitalized with Covid-19

50 smokers, 50 non-smokers

"the prevalence of death documented among non-smoking individuals...was more than three times higher than among individuals with historic smoking practices" (5 vs. 16)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,743/

Netherlands (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 267 who underwent breast reconstruction surgery, S=6.7%

24 tested positive for Covid-19 within 6 weeks before or 6w after surgery: S=0

researchsquare.com/article/rs-286…
7,744/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 2,497 with anosmia and or ageusia associated with Covid-19, "Only 11.5% of participants were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,745/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 417 health care workers (~77% female) with Covid-19, S=5.5%

42 with long Covid: S=4.8%
or
375 with long Covid: S=5.6%

Probably the former imo

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,746/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 116 with a major depressive episode in the 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection, 25.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,747/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 49,479 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, SH=23.4%

8,829 with major adverse cardiovascular events while hospitalized: SH=26.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,748/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

CFS=current/former smoking

Of 5,758 hospitalized for COVID-19 related respiratory failure, CFS=30.4%

2,793 invasive mechanical ventilation: CFS=30.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,749/

Jordan (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 561 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=20.1%

224 with gastrointestinal symptoms: T=21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,750/

Norway

A very informative paper: too much data to report here.

Cigarette smoking negatively associated with infection in women. Cigarette smoking in men & all other nicotine use (mostly snus) in men & women not associated.

Continued
7,750a/

"The lack of an association between snus use and SARS-CoV-2 infection...does not support the hypothesis of a protective effect of nicotine."

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11… Image
7,751/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,044 with Covid-19 (617 with rheumatic diseases), 12% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,752/

Malta (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 174 still alive months after Covid-19 diagnosis, S=23%

91 with shortness of breath: S=24.2%

75 matched uninfected controls: S=32%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,753/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 42,941 individuals, C=7.6% & F=40.1%

3,866 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=5.7% & F=38.2%

583 hospitalized with Covid-19: C=7.2% & F=49.6%

Continued
7,753a/

493 hospitalized with Covid-19 as main diagnosis: C=6.7% & F=49.9%

62 ICU: C=4.8% & F=41.9%*

159 died (C-19 main cause): C=6.3% & F=50.9%

170 died within 30 days (C-19 main or contributory cause): C=7.1% & F=51.2%

*numbers & %ages don't agree

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14… Image
7,754/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 1,119,209 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or Covid-19, C=26.3% & X=25.7%

9,696 hospitalized: C=17.4% & X=39.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,755/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 987 hospitalized with Covid-19 (68.1% male), S=22.6%

153 died: S=28.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-286…
7,756/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 4,097 diagnosed with Covid-19, 13.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,757/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 63 solid organ transplant recipients in ICU with Covid-19, 3.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,758/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 3,937 with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30.8% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,759/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 52 with post-Covid-19 symptoms, 15.4% were current smokers & 17.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,760/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=zero

30 controls (presumably) hospitalized without Covid-19: T=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,761/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 70 Covid-19 survivors, 8.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,762/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 115 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 23.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,763/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 140 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, "57.7% were non-smokers, 34.5% were ex-smokers, and 7.8% were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,764/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,080 with severe or critical Covid-19, 13% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,765/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 501 hospitalized due to Covid-19 with cardiac involvement, S=8.8%

396 with acute cardiac injury: S=7.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-290…
7,766/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 363,825 veterans who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=7.6%

164,315 with post-acute sequelae: T=9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,767/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 101 with long Covid, 14.9% were current smokers & 26.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,768/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 52 with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=15.4% & F=23.1%

15 progressed to complicated or more severe disease: C=13.3% & F=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,769/

Korea (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 5.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,198 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=2.2%

2,125 non-severe: S=2.3%
73 severe: S=zero

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37183333/
7,770/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 810 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,771/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 135 who survived severe Covid-19, CS=3.7%

43 with persistent dyspnea at 1-year follow-up: CS=7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,772/

Suriname (est. adult current tobacco smoking was 26% in 2015)

Of 106 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.4% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,773/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 46,007 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,774/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 1,280,649 with Covid-19 infection, CFS=32.5%

111,417 with recurrent infection: CFS=28.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P… Image
7,775/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 7,101 in ICU with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3.6% were current smokers & 15.25 were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,776/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 282 hospitalized with Covid-19 who died, A=4.3% & F=12.8%

282 matched controls (hospitalized with Covid-19 who survived): A=1.1% & F=11.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,777/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 121 with post-COVID persistent cough, C=6.6% & F=13.2%

100 with non-Covid chronic cough: C=0 & F=23%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,778/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

SV=smoking or vaping (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,557 hospital employees tested for antibodies, SV=2.4%

165 positive: SV=2.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,779/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 5,590 hospitalized with Covid-19-positive STEMI, 29.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,780/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,381 (79.7% female) with a history of Covid-19, S=17.5%

642 with long Covid: S=15%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,781/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 533 with Covid-19, 22.5% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,782/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 84 in ICU with ARDS due to Covid-19, 6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,783/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 128 in ICU with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,784/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking before hospitalization

Of 113 in ICU with Covid-19, AS=8%

73 died: AS=9.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,785/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 103 in ICU with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=4.9%

30 died: S=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,786/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 674 who had elective surgery, S=23.5%

337 with a history of Covid-19: S=24%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Germany

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

apparently the same patients (minus those with influenza)

7,787/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 30 with post-Covid syndrome, AS=13.3%

16 with cardiovascular disease (presumably uninfected): AS=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,788/

(mostly) Europe

Of 3,886 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, 42.2% had ever smoked daily

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,789/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 190 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.8% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,790/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

HS=history of any smoking

Of 25,074 organ donors, HS=24.9%

1,294 with active or recently resolved Covid-19, HS=18.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,791/

Illinois, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 4,533 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.2%

80 with newly-developed pressure ulcers: CS=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,792/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,840 SARS-CoV-2 patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome, 20.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,793/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 1,335 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.5% were current smokers & 29.8% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37202865/
7,794/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 39.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,795/

Slovakia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.1% in 2020)

S= smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 148 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10.1%

53 died: S=13.2% (12.2% reported)

Note: numbers & percentages don't agree

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,796/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 669 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, A=3.4% & X=16.3%

Continued
7,796a/

16 asymptomatic: A=0 & X=0
391 mild: A=3.1% & X=7.7%
36 moderate: A=0 & X=22.2%
51 severe: A=2% & X=35.3%
175 critical: A=5.7% & X=30.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-287…
7,797/

(apparently) Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 41 with post Covid syndrome, N=14.6% (19.4% reported)

41 matched healthy controls: N=12.2% (16.1% reported)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-295…
7,798/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 11.9% in 2021)

Of 100 who received ECMO for respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or postpartum, 3 smoked during pregnancy

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,799/

Switzerland

'We observed a striking protective effect of smoking on SARS-CoV-2-infection risk (aOR= 0.46 [0.38,0.56], p=2.6*10-14), which was highly robust, occurred even in previous smokers, and was highest for heavy smokers.'

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… Image
7,800/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 4,070 with Covid-19, 14.5% were tobacco users (apparently current)

daily: 5.9%
weekly: 1.8%
monthly: 1.5%
less than monthly: 5.3%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
7,801/

Sweden, Norway & Denmark (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.6%, 15% & 17.1% in 2020)

S=smoking at beginning of pregnancy

Of 496,092 who gave birth, S=3.9%

45,501 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy: S=2.5%

Continued
7,801a/

136 in ICU because of severe COVID‐19: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,802/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 125 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=34.4%

66 intubated: S=34.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,803/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 58 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with Covid-19, AS=6.9%

30 hospitalized: AS=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,804/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 102 Covid-19 survivors, S=24.5%

55 with post-Covid syndrome: S=25.5%

58 healthy controls: S=15.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,805/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020

Of 74 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 64.9% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-293…
7,806/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 245 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.3%

102 with liver injury: S=6.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,807/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 205 in ICU with Covid-19, 30.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,808/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=23.9% & F=23.9%

10 ICU: C=30% & F=20%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,809/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 50 Covid-19 survivors, 18% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,810/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 92 with Covid-19, "There were four (4.3%) smokers, 78 (84.8%) nonsmokers, and 10 (10.9%) ex-smoker."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,811/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 45 with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required bronchoscopy for suspected COVID-19 sequelae, 4.4% were current smokers & 26.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,812/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 198,514 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.2% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,813/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 101 with rheumatic diseases (RD) diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, S=13.9%

102 matched controls without RD diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, S=4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,814/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 4,660,502 individuals, A=20.3% % F=14.6%

47,174 hospitalized with Covid-19: A=11% & F=21.3%

4,699 ICU: A=12.3% & F=26.4%

10,001 died: A=8% & F=22.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,815/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 19,784 survey respondents, S=36%

2,397 with a history of Covid-19: S=43.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,816/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 110 with Covid-19, S=5.5%

10 with Epstein–Barr virus or cytomegalovirus co-infection: S=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,817/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 424 with mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.1% & X=37%

157 with post-Covid fatigue: S=7.6% & X=41.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,818/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 48 STEMI patients with Covid-19, S=33.3%

140 STEMI patients without Covid-19: S=36.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,819/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 64 with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome after discharge from hospital, 21.9% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,820/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 157 with prior COVID diagnosis, CS=17.8%

85 with post-acute sequelae: CS=10.6%

258 controls without Covid-19: CS=61.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,821/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

CSV=current smoking or vaping

Of 530 still alive 1 year after diagnosis of Covid-19, CSV=3.4%

169 reported brain fog: CSV=2.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,822/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,196 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4.6% & F=6.3%

707 died: C=5.9% & F=8.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,823/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day

Of 366 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.7%

36 with new-onset atrial fibrillation: S=2.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,824/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 482 with long Covid, 34.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Jordan

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

same patients

7,825/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 49 intubated in ICU for COVID-19 with subsequent pharyngo-laryngeal symptoms, 12.2% were active smokers & 14.3% were recent ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,826/

Czech Republic (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% in 2020)

Of 267 who survived pneumonia associated with Covid-19, 4.1% were smokers & 20.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,827/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 109 who tested positive for Covid-19, 2.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-294…
7,828/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 821 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=16.4%

62 developed skin rash: S=25.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,829/

India (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 1.4% in 2020)

Of 396 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,830/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

Of 387 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37246437/
7,831/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 300 survey respondents, S=5.7%

246 with Covid-19: S=5.3%

101 with long Covid: S=5.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,832/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 414 with post-COVID-19 syndrome, 5.3% were current smokers & 5.8% were cannabis users

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,833/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 90 severely ill Covid-19 patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 10% were smokers & 12.2% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-295…
7,834/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 246 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=16.7%

187 with post-COVID-19 syndrome: S=19.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,835/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use in the previous year (D=daily or near daily)

Of 4,015 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=13.7% (D=5.6%)

3,079 positive: T=13.4% (D=5.1%)

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
7,836/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,387* with T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=6.2%

1,407* matched controls without diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5.9%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,837/

Zambia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,433 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.5%

129 died: S=0.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,838/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,229 inpatients in a psychiatric hospital, S=27.3%

86 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=22.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,839/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 280,173 hospitalized with Covid-19, N=14.2%

46,573 ICU: N=16%

Mostly USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,840/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.7% in 2021)

TV="any current use of tobacco products, e-
cigarettes, or vape pens"

Of 2,360 homeless shelter residents, TV=46.7%

117 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: TV=32.5%

Continued
7,840a/

570 shelter staff: TV=21.8%
22 positive: TV=22.7%

2,930 combined: TV=41.8%
139 positive: TV=30.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,841/

Sweden & Norway (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.6% & 15% in 2020)

S=smoking in early pregnancy

Of 294,104 pregnant individuals, S=4.1%

33,199 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: S=2.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,842/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 159 with suspected Covid-19, S=40.3%

52 with confirmed Covid-19: S=30.8%
62 without Covid-19: S=45.2%
45 uncertain: S=44.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,843/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

C=current smoking, H=smoking history

Of ~2,085* with Covid-19, C=15.7% & H=47.2%

~397* with critical outcomes: C=15% & H=53.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,844/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 66 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,845/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 1,128 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,846/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 128 in ICU with pneumothorax associated with Covid-19, S=7.8%

128 controls (in ICU with Covid-19, w/o pneumothorax): S=2.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,847/

Egypt (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 0.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 89 who gave preterm birth, S=4.5%

20 with SARS-CoV-2 infection at any time during pregnancy: S=15%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37259760/
7,848/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 22 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.2% were current smokers & 27.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-293…
7,849/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 136 with symptoms of or who were in contact with people with COVID-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=11.8%

54 positive: CS=11.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-296…
7,850/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 475 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=11.8%

85 with adverse respiratory outcomes: S=18.8%

58 died in hospital: S=25.9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,851/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 111 with Covid-19, 40.5% were current smokers

Note: not clear whether this was a random sample as smoking was the focus of study

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…

👇 Image
7,852/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 118 with Covid-19, S=13.6%

105 matched controls hospitalized for other conditions: S=21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,853/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 24.3% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,854/

Scotland, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F-former

Of 27 w/ persisting cardiovascular symptoms 3 months after hospitalization for COVID-19, C=7.4% & F=40.7%

10 uninfected controls: C=10% & F=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,855/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 167 in ICU with Covid-19, 9.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,856/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,513 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=6.7% & F=20.5%

135 with long Covid: C=5.9% & F=25.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,857/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared twice)

Of 396 with Covid-19, S=22%

268 with non-Covid pneumonia: S=31.7%

159 healthy: S=34.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,858/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 1,344 with persistent symptoms ≥12 weeks after the acute illness with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.8% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,859/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 10,537 with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.3% were current smokers & 38.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,860/

Minnesota & Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rates were 13.4% & 13.3% in 2021)

Of 1,936 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 43.9% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,861/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 406 hospitalized with severe/critical Covid-19, 3.7% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-297…
7,862/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 1,092 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.6% were smokers & 26.4% were ex-smokers

bmj.com/content/381/bm…
7,863/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 1,562 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.9% were actual smokers & 3.1% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,864/

Philippines (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2020)

Of 550 hospitalized with confirmed (327) or probable (223) Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers & 2% were previous smokers

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,865/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 95* with acute encephalopathy associated with Covid-19, S=16.8%

78* with obstructive sleep apnea: S=17.9%

*calculated

researchsquare.com/article/rs-277…
7,866/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine (use, abuse & dependence used interchangeably; not specified...)

Of 22,545 with pneumothorax while hospitalized with Covid-19, N=4.3%

1,586,435 hospitalized with Covid-19 without pneumothorax: N=6.4%

Continued
7,866a/

Unspecified numbers:

with Covid-19 pneumonia: N=5.3%
with influenza pneumonia: N=21.8%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,867/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 212 diagnosed with Covid-19, 28.8% were current smokers & 23.6% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,868/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 141 with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.2% were current smokers & 16.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,869/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 190 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,870/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 308 who survived Covid-19, 14% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,871/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 208 hospital employees tested for antibodies, CS=49%

16 positive: CS=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,872/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of ~23,458* with uncontrolled asthma, ES=36.2%

~215* with severe Covid-19: ES=34%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,873/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoker (in 2019)

Of 63,650 individuals, CS=7.5%

~41,454* responded to survey: CS=7.3%

3,593 with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=6.5%

*calculated

https://t.co/PjrESrsVTxacademic.oup.com/ntr/advance-ar…
7,874/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,885,826 individuals, CS=7.7% (7.8% reported)

35,627 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: CS=5.2%

2,652 hospitalized: CS=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,875/

Washington State, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.7% in 2021)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified...)

All homeless shelter residents and staff

Of 21 with Covid-19, S=42.9%
21 with other respiratory virus: S=47.6%
21 with neither: S=28.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,876/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 67 workers at a plastics manufacturing plant, C=31.3% & X=16.4%

14 with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=14.3% & X=14.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,877/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 200 hosp'd with Covid-19, S=12.5%

20 asymptomatic: S=30%
26 mild: S=11.5%
25 moderate: S=8%
84 severe: S=13.1%
45 critical: S=6.7%

22 died: S=9.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,878/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 843 Covid-19 survivors, "48 people (5.7%) were current cigarette smokers, and 47 (5.6%) were previous cigarette smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,879/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 21.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,880/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 35 with asthma hospitalized with Covid-19, S=68.6%

37 with COPD hospitalized with Covid-19: S=78.4%

Continued
7,880a/

From both groups combined:
14 mild: S=21.4%
36 moderate: S=83.3%
22 severe: S=90.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,881/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 5,280 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5% were active smokers



🌋 https://t.co/xnqNBLR73Bncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,882/

Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, and Sweden

Of 270 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 13.7% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,883/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

113,075 tested for SARS-CoV-2: C=18.2% & P=10.9%

17,465 positive: C=9.4% & P=14.3% (14.2% reported)

aOR
C: 0.41 (0.38–0.44) p<0.001
P: 1.11 (1.03-1.20)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,884/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 33 with COVID and mucormycosis, S=24.2%

9 died: S=22.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,885/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,247 with Covid-19 infection, SH=10.5%

1,109 with otologic symptoms: SH=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,886/

smoking: C=current, X=ex (more than one month)

Of 965 survey respondents, C=13.5% & X=2.2%

400 with a history of Covid-19: C=14.8% & X=2.5%

"Individuals from different Arab countries were invited to participate."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,887/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 577 Covid-19 survivors, C=12.3% & X=25.3%

94 hospitalized: C=3.2% & X=38.3%

85 with long Covid: C=64.7% & X=32.9%

Continued
7,887a/

S=snus (not specified if current or ever)

Of 567* Covid-19 survivors, S=61.4%

93* hospitalized: S=20.4%

84* with long Covid: S=15.5%

Notes:

*calculated due to apparent missing data
no author comment on surprising numbers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,888/

Ecuador, Germany, Italy and Spain

CS=current smoking

Of 6,954 hospitalized for Covid-19, CS=6.3%

114 with interstitial lung disease: CS=5.3%

Of those with ILD, 34* died: CS=8.8%*

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,889/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 391 health care workers, S=37.6%

256* with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=36.3%*

126 reinfected: S=39.7%

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,890/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

Of 508 on medication for T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.3% were current smokers & 40.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,891/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 490 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20.6%

203 ICU: S=24.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,892/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (present or past)

Of 1,444 in ICU with respiratory failure attributed to COVID-19, S=21.7%

182 in ICU with respiratory failure attributed to other infections: S=45.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,893/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 204 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=19.1%

36 asymptomatic-mild: HS=11.1%
60 moderate: HS=15%
66 severe: HS=22.4%
41 critical: HS=26.8%

55 unifected: HS=10.9%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,894/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 60 with post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms that persisted 3+ months after mild-moderate symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23.3% were previous smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,895/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 150 age 18 to 64 with mild and moderate COVID-19, 23.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-304…
7,896/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 2,267 with hematological malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2, 11% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,897/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 474 with Covid-19, C=11.6% & X=10.5%

7,295 without Covid-19: C=18.5% & X=7.2%



🤷‍♂️ https://t.co/AAVz5bfujNncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,898/

Illinois, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12% in 2021)

Of 2,872 with Covid-19, "Less than a third of patients reported a past or present smoking history (n = 832, 29%), with 129 patients (4%) reporting active tobacco use" [actually 4.5%]

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,899/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 207 with active oncologic disease or active antineoplastic therapy who developed Sars-Cov-2 infection requiring hospitalization, 16.9% were active smokers & 43.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,900/

Belgium (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.3% in 2020)

Of 93 males who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,901/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 216 non-invasively ventilated Covid-19 patients, 7.4% were current smokers & 8.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,902/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 169 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CS=8.9%

61* with anosmia during acute infection: CS=3.3%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,903/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 106 hospitalized with both COVID-19 and tuberculosis (active or sequelae), C=16% & F=53.8%

40 died: C=12.5% & F=67.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,904/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 535,453 diagnosed with Covid-19, 42% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,905/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

Of 120 intubated patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheotomy, 33.3% had a history of tobacco use

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,906/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking or current smoker

Of 307* hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=40.4%

240* non-critical: HS=37.1%
67* critical: HS=52.2%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-287…
7,907/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 184 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.5% & X=33.7%

100 with post-acute sequelae: S=7 & X=29

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,908/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 27 hospitalized with Covid-19, "There were 10 (37.04%) current or post-smoker patients."

Note: apparently Utah

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,909/

Korea (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 85 with erectile dysfunction before robot-assisted prostatectomy, S=28.2%

44 with Covid-19: S=27.3%

18 multiple times: S=33.3%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,910/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 363 with confirmed or suspected Covid-19, S=13.8%

124 with mouth ulcers: S=13.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-304…
7,911/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,154 hospitalized with moderate-to-severe Covid-19, 17.9% were current smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,912/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,700 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=6.9% & F=28.7%

629 hospitalized and/or died; C=5.1% & F=42.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,913/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HCD=history of cigarette or drug abuse

Of 12,454 hospitalized with Covid-19, HCD=2.2%

1,133 died: HCD=4.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,914/

India (adult smoking rate was 10.7% & smokeless tobacco use was 21.4% in 2016-17)

tobacco; S=smoking, C=chewing (not specified...)

Of 400 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 who died, S=10.5% & C=17.8%

400 hosp'd w/ Covid-19 who survived: S=6.3% & C=8.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,915/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

current use:
C=cigarettes
E=ENDS 🤦‍♂️
B=both

Of 28,477 survey respondents:
C=10.7%
E=2.7%
B=1.2%

3,391 with self-reported Covid-19:
C=8%
E=4%
B=1.3%

Note: numbers & percentages don't agree

https://t.co/HxwiT6h0njncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,915a/

Comment: these aren't honest people

Discussion: "...combustible cigarette use is associated with lower likelihood of COVID infection"

Conclusion: "...combustible cigarette use is not associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported COVID infection"
7,916/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,031 survey respondents with a history of Covid-19 infection, S=7.6%

10,272 survey respondents without a history of Covid-19 infection: S=8.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,917/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 83 with T2 diabetes & a history of Covid-19, 25.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,918/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 248 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,919/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,348 with Covid-19, S=24.9%

2,190 without Covid-19: S=24.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,920/

Germany (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 25 males with mild Covid-19, S=16%

12 uninfected controls: S=41.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,921/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified...)

Of 219 pregnant or postpartum women with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=7.8%

155 symptomatic: T=5.2%

53 hospitalized: T=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,922/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 106 with non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16% were current smokers

72 with smell and/or taste dysfunction: 11.1% were current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37326433/
7,923/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 472 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, C=8.1% & F=30.7%

139 died: C=6.5% & F=32.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,924/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: O=ongoing, E=ever

Of 144 with Covid-19, O=8.3% & E=6.3%

100 with other viruses: O=7 & E=8

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,925/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

FCS=former/current smoking

Of 117 with Covid-19, FCS=34.2%

49 ICU: FCS=44.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,926/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco use disorder 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 90 with a history of Covid-19, T=26.7%

60 with long Covid, T=26.7%
• 40 mild: T=17.5%
• 20 severe: T=45%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,927/

Minnesota & Wisconsin, USA (adult female current smoking rates were 12.8% & 12.3% in 2021)

Of 270 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy with comorbid psychiatric conditions, 3.7% used nicotine during pregnancy & 3% had previously

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,928/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 72 with Covid-19, C=zero & X=16.7%

42 non-severe: X=11.9%
30 severe: X=22.3%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,929/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 340 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=0.9%

122 with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome, S=zero

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,930/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40,692 with Covid-19 infection, S=9.8%

3,158 hospitalized: S=7.6%

1,569 died: S=8.4%

Continued
7,930a/

When age <20 excluded (assuming all were non-smokers):

Of 37,404 with Covid-19 infection, S=10.7%

3,124 hospitalized: S=7.7%

1,569 died: S=8.4%

https://t.co/PaYqpEXCq3preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,931/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=6.5%

15 hospitalized >17 days: S=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,932/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 328 with Covid-19, "A majority of 86.6% had no history of smoking, while 10.1 and 2.4% reported smoking in the past and at the present time."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,933/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 3,521 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=16.4%

HR (mortality): 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06–1.54)



Some lapses of logic here: https://t.co/rVjQyMJgaqncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,934/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

Of 153 hospitalized with Covid-19 with suspected pulmonary embolism, 2.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,935/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (apparently history)

Of 5,935 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with Covid-19, S=23.5%

562,055 with AMI not associated with Covid-19: S=28.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337595/
7,936/

(apparently) Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2021)

T=tobacco use (current or past)

Of 122 meth, cannabis or alcohol consumers with Covid-19, T=77.9%

32 meth: T=78.1%
46 cannabis: T=80.4%
44 alcohol: T=75%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337275/
7,937/

Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.8% in 2021)

S=pre-pandemic smoking

Of 411 who survived Covid-19, S=13.1%

160 with post-Covid-19 condition: S=11.3%

75 uninfected controls: S=18.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,938/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 132 people experiencing homelessness with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 76.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,939/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 104 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, zero were active smokers & 35.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,940/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 543 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.1% were current smokers & 12% were former smokers

140 died: 25% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,941/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 75 with active cancer hospitalized w/ Covid-19, C=2.7% & F=30.7%

284 matched controls (w/o cancer, hosp'd w/ C-19): C=3.9% & F=22.5%

all survived

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,942/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco consumption (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,864 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=29.4%

213 died: T=30%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,943/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 399 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=17.2%

175 general: CS=16%
149 severe: CS=18.1%
75 critical: CS=18.7%

42 died: CS=16.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-305…
7,944/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 1,779 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=41.6%

1,612 included in study (symptomatic, not hospitalized): CFS=41.9%

203 w/ post-Covid condition: CFS=51.2%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,945/

AS=active smoking

Of 829 hospitalized with Covid-19 in Spain (486), Mexico (203), Chile (97), and Poland (43), AS=7.2%

689 non-severe: AS=7.1%
129 severe: AS=8.5%

113 ICU: AS=8.8%

43 died: AS=11.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,946/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 371* with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 15.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,947/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 217 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 35% were smokers or had smoked before

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37345394/
Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.8% in 2021)



apparently a subset of these patients

https://t.co/7aepK2VBGVmedrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7,948/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 1,400 w/ multiple sclerosis & confirmed or suspected Covid-19, AS=9.4%

226 w/ progressive MS included in study: AS=9.7%
184 nonsevere: AS=10.9%
40 severe: AS=5%
jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
7,949/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (before the pandemic)

Of 4,722 contacts of individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=21.4%

416 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: S=13.9%



A poor argument 👇 https://t.co/v2DayG6qiTncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,950/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 98,209 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, C=8.9% & F=52.2%

149,597 hospitalized with non-Covid pneumonia: C=17.3% & F=53.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,951/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 608 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.6%

220 with anosmia: S=6.8%

81 with unresolved anosmia: S=2.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,952/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 242 with SARS-CoV-2 infection deemed to be at risk of developing severe COVID-19, 7% were active smokers & 41.3% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,953/

smoking: C=current, F=former

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 96 with STEMI & Covid-19, C=24% & F=30.2%

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 685 with STEMI & Covid-19, C=20% & F=27.9%

https://t.co/b1ozq8YDKKncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,954/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 508 in ICU with Covid-19, SH=6.7%

422 died: SH=7.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,955/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 86 with long Covid, S=29%

39 uninfected controls: S=38.5%



Looks suspiciously similar 👇

https://t.co/3yVRqQ9CGfncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,956/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 328 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.7% were active smokers, 44.5% were ex-smokers & 0.3% was a passive smoker 🙄

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,957/

Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Peru, USA and maybe Botswana

Of 759 with a history of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10% were current smokers* & 32% were ever smokers*

*cigarettes/marijuana

https://t.co/hphfvJr6ZPncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,958/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

Of 458 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.7% were smokers & 2.4% were ex-smokers

https://t.co/pTMeSkbSD8ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,959/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 42 in ICU with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 2.4% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,960/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 42 with interstitial lung disease hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=34.1%

19 died: SH=26.3%

81 matched controls without ILD hospitalized with Covid-19: SH=29.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-296…
7,961/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 670 age 18 to 64 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=15.1% & X=23.3%

120 symptomatic: S=14.2% & X=27.5%

Continued
7,961a/

93 with symptoms 12 months after diagnosis: S=14% & X=24.7%

72 mild: S=13.9% & X=29.8%
13 moderate: S=15.4% & X=15.4%
8 severe: S=12.5% & X=12.5%



Same patients

https://t.co/bH9YeyN7bkthelancet.com/journals/lanep…
7,962/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 246 with long Covid, 3.7% were current smokers & 22.4% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
7,963/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

Of 1,034 with post-Covid syndrome, 6.1% were prior tobacco users (current use not mentioned)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
7,964/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 19 with lung cancer who survived Covid-19, CS=15.8%

79 matched controls (with lung cancer & no history of Covid-19): CS=29.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,965/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 1,662 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,966/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 78,296 age 40+ with COPD, C=33.5% & F=50.7%

5,917 with Covid-19: C=26.2% & F=55.1%

2,477 hospitalized: C=21.8% & F=58%

211 ICU: C=20.9% & F=61.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,967/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 in ICU with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=6

20 intubated: S=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,968/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 702* hospitalized w/ SARS-CoV-2-associated acute kidney failure, S=12.4%

273* died: S=13.9%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
7,969/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,415,302 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=8.6%

259,905 positive: S=3.5%

179,563 mild: S=2.7%
80,342 severe: S=5.4%

18,691 with acute kidney injury: S=8.1%

Continued
7,969a/

Of another 3,589 tested for SARS-CoV-2 (not clear if overlap between groups), S=19.3%

641 positive: S=8%

392 mild: S=6.9%
249 severe: S=9.6%

64 with acute kidney injury: S=20% (calculated)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,970/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 500 hosp'd with SARS-CoV-2, SH=30%

257 primary COVID: SH=36.2% (36.8% reported)

82 Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID: SH=32.9%

161 Incidental: SH=18.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Japan



same patients

https://t.co/TKSNKxvPwmncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,971/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 97 age 22 to 55 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=34%

32 severe: S=34.4%
65 critical: S=33.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,972/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 917 critically ill hospitalized Covid-19 patients, 28% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,973/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 982 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=22.5%

96 with de novo central nervous system manifestations and complications: S=27.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,974/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 2,965 with a history of bariatric surgery tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=21.6% & P=2.2%

340 positive: C=12.1% & P=2.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,975/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 100 who recovered from Covid-19 pneumonia, "18 patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,976/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 122 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.4%

61 with myocardial injury: S=9.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,977/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 163 convalescent Covid-19 patients, 10.4% were ever (apparently current) smokers & 36.8% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,978/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 125 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 14.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Egypt

Apparently the same patients, but I made a reporting error.



16% were current smokers

https://t.co/5SanrojDoZncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,979/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 32,528 age 25 to 65 with Covid-19, 26.8% were current smokers & 3.4% were former smokers

Current smoking positively associated with acute & long Covid symptoms

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,980/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 300 in ICU with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, "only 42 patients (14%) were current smokers"
7,981/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 324 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=14.8% & F=37%

82 ARDS: C=13.4% & F=43.9%

56 ICU: C=19.6% & F=46.4%

57 died: C=7% & F=52.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,982/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 100 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7 were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,983/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

T=tobacco (not specified if current or ever)

Of 384 w/ a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection tested for toxoplasma antibodies, T=18.7%

134 positive: T=38.8%



Not clear what this means https://t.co/xu4zzETptjncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,984/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 83 with Covid-19 & stable angina in Wuhan, SH=45.8%

50 with attacks of angina: SH=46%

49 controls (with angina, without Covid-19) in Shenyang: SH=38.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,985/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (continued)

Of 125 with symptoms of a suspected acute respiratory infection tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=8.8%

91 positive: S=5.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,986/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 32 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=43.8%

12 ICU: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,987/

Of 100 recovering from severe Covid-19 (formerly hospitalized), 11 were current smokers

Not stated where: authors from Mexico & Canada. Mexico looks more likely.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,988/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 36 with post-Covid lung injury, S=58.3%

35 controls with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: S=45.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,989/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 15 (14 male) who developed cavitary lesions on chest CT during the course of recovery from COVID-19, 66.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,990/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 52 with Covid-19, S=17.3%

30 mild/moderate: S=13.35
22 severe/critical: S=22.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,991/

England, UK (est current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 61,886 who tested positive for Covid-19, 15.4% were current smokers & 23.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,992/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2021)

SV=former or current smoker or vaper

Of 1,238 essential workers w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, SV=21.6%
282 sought medical care: SV=25.5%

618 reinfected: SV=20.6%
101 medical care: SV=17.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-305…
7,993/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 339 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,994/

Macau, China (smoking rate was 10.6% in 2022)

Of 1,820 who tested positive for Covid-19, 2% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,995/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 120 age 18 to 40 who recovered from acute Covid-19 infection, "37 patients (30.8%) were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,996/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 67 hospitalized with Covid-19 & pneumothorax, "15 (22.4%) were current smokers and 10 (14.9%) were ex-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
7,997/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 857* with Covid-19, 12.6% were active smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37405504/
7,998/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 289 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=6.6% & X=30.4%

84 mild: S=9.5% & X=28.6%
117 moderate: S=8.5% & X=36.8%
78 severe/critical: S=1.3% & X=26.9%

Continued
7,998a/

69 without long Covid symptoms: S=2.9% & X=31.9%
135 with ~2 symptoms: S=8.1% & X=30.4%
59 with ~4 symptoms: S=8.5% & X=27.1%
24 with ~7-8 symptoms: S=4.2% & X=33.3%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
7,999/

Georgia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15% in 2021)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 3,450 who survived Covid-19, S=18.3%

1,110 with an anemia diagnosis at 180 days after diagnosis: S=17.7%

1,007 at 365 days: S=18%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-307…
Mexico



same patients

https://t.co/l4owoaFTzJncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,000/

Aruba (est. smoking rate age 20+ was 12.6% in 2021)

Of 222 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.7% were current smokers & 15.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Switzerland



apparently the same patients, but text says total 105 while table says 110

https://t.co/3HfeR1fqMDncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,001/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 222 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.7%

32 died: S=21.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,002/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CPS=current or previous smoker

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, CPS=12.6%

56 severe: CPS=14.3%
55 critical: CPS=10.9%

38 died: CPS=7.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-309…
Italy



same patients

https://t.co/Hc1NCyfHglncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,003/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,609 with Covid-19, C=7.1% & F=20.1%

258 died: C=6.2% & F=32.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,004/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (former or current)

Of 233 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=51.1%

79 critical care unit: S=53.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,005/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 146 intubated while hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=28.1%

48 with poor outcome: SH=31.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,006/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (see below)

Of 413 or 414* hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.3%

90 died: S=6.7%*

HR: 0.40 [0.17–0.97] p=0.042
aHR: 1.09 NS

*calculated due to apparent missing data

https://t.co/N7JG7FzfkFncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,007/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,248 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=8.5%

387: CS=9.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,008/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

Of 18 hospitalized with Covid-19 who had a stroke, 22.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,009/

Nevada, USA (adult current smoking rate was 15.5% in 2021)

Of 12 who tested positive for antibodies, 8.3% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,010/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

NT=nicotine/tobacco use (apparently history)

Of 5,540 with myocarditis associated with Covid-19, NT=22%

9,850 with non-Covid viral myocarditis: NT=35.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,011/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 18 who died with Covid-19, SH=83.3%

53 died without Covid-19: SH=58.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-312…
8,012/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 with acute pancreatitis, S=36

26 of them with Covid-19: S=26.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-313…
8,013/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 97,185 hosp'd with Covid-19, C=7.6% & F=53.2%
22,275 died: C=6.8% & F=63.4%

572,480 matched controls (with Covid-19, non-hosp'd): C=9% & F=48%

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
8,014/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 103 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=1.9% & X=7.5%

15 mild: S=0 & X=0
32 moderate: S=6.3% & X=18.8%
56 severe: S=0 & X=3.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-313…
8,015/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoker ("a person with...smoking for 6 months or more in a lifetime is defined as a smoker")

Of 951 survey respondents, S=13.9%

687 tested positive for Covid-19: S=11.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-313…
8,016/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 39 with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis infected with Covid-19, 20.5% were current smokers & 23.1% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-311…
8,017/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 111 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27% were smokers & 2.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,018/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 73 with chest pain and palpitation 12 to 26 weeks after diagnosis of COVID-19, S=17.8%

55 without symptoms after Covid-19: S=3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,019/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 3,047 with Covid-19, 47.3% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,020/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 228 who survived Covid-19, S=12.3% & X=24.6%

82 with post-COVID-19 syndrome after two years: S=12.2% & X=25.6%

academic.oup.com/ofid/advance-a…
8,021/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=former current or passive smoking, tobacco or e-cig use

Of 57,692 participants in phase 3 Covid-19 vaccine trials, S=10.1%

3,536 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2

aHR, 0.76 [0.63-0.92] p=.005

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,022/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=currently, B=before

Of 133 in ICU with Covid-19, C=10.5% & B=10.5%

47 died: C=17% & B=12.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,023/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,422 who recovered from Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,024/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

DS=daily smoking

Of ~2,500* diagnosed with Covid-19, DS=7.1%

~576* with post-acute sequelae, DS=6.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,025/

Turkey (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 380 women age 18 to 49 with Covid-19, S=18.4%

112 mild: S=18.8%
207 moderate: S=16.4%
61 severe: S=24.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-307…
8,026/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 284 kidney transplant recipients with Covid-19, S=20.8%

153 required supplemental oxygen: S=26.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,027/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 38 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, C=2.6% & X=21.1%

25 healthy controls: C=16% & X=4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,028/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 40 w/ pulmonary manifestations persisting 3 months after recovery from Covid-19 infection, A=5% & X=55%

40 controls (infected, no 3 mo. PM): A=20% & X=45%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,029/

(apparently) Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 86 Covid-19 survivors, S=29.1%

41 with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome: S=31.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,030/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 48 with dysfunctional breathing associated with associated with long Covid, 4.2% were current smokers & 27.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,031/

Ireland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.8% in 2020)

PCS=Past/Current Smoker

Of 171 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, PCS=10.5%

118 required oxygen: PCS=10.2%

18 ICU: PCS=0

18 died: PCS=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,032/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 40 in ICU with Covid-19, 15% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,033/

Tanzania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,368 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=2.3%

~450 died: S≈2% (estimated due to missing data)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,034/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,013 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.8% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

Note: "The age group was concentrated between 18 and 25 years old (45.90%)"

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,035/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 31 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 29% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,036/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 427 hospitalized hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.9%

160 mild: S=4.4%
151 common: S=8%
96 severe: S=6.3%
20 critical: S=0

researchsquare.com/article/rs-300…
8,037/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 21 with long Covid, S=4.8% & X=28.6%

20 (presumably) uninfected controls: S=0 & X=5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-309…
8,038/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 4,954 surgery patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,039/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently active)

Of 3,139 with STEMI who underwent aspiration thrombectomy, S=36.9%

311 with Covid-19: S=33.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,040/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,441 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.5% were smokers & 21.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,041/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 66 who tested positive for Covid-19, 13.6% were smokers, 12.1% were marijuana users & 10.6% were vapers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,042/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

T=tobacco, E=e-cigarette use (not specified...)

Of 366 w/ inflammatory rheumatic diseases & SARS-CoV-2, T=7.1% & E=0

366 matched controls (infected, general pop.): T=5.5% & E=3.6%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,043/

Of 55 with COVID-19-associated postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, 40% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Not stated where; authors from Texas, USA & Egypt

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,044/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 191 NSTEMI patients who recovered from Covid-19, S=44%

4,529 NSTEMI patients without Covid-19: SH=25.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,045/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 119 with Covid-19, SH=2.5%

83 mild: SH=3.6%
36 severe: SH=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,046/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 95 with olfactory dysfunction associated with Covid-19, 36.8% had a smoking history (16.8% mild, 14.7% average, 5.3% extreme)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-317…
8,047/

USA (high school past-30-day tobacco use was 16.5% in 2022)

SV=smoking or vaping

Of 54 tenth- to 12th-graders, SV=11.1%

32 with Covid-19: SV=6.3%

10 with symptoms lasting >4 weeks: SV=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,048/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 50 with thrombotic complications associated with Covid-19 (survivors), "20% of these patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,049/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 1,567 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.1% were current or recent smokers (<1 year)

https://t.co/jpaDrVidFKncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,050/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoker: C=current, F=former

Of 89 with Covid-19, C=10.1% & F=9%

3 moderate: C=0 & F=33.3%
63 severe: C=4.8% & F=7.9%
23 critical: C=26.1% & F=8.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,051/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

T=past-month tobacco use

Of 29 with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, T=3.4%

24 uninfected controls: T=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,052/

Singapore (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.8% in 2020)

XCS=ex- or current smoker

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, XCS=26.1%

29 mild or moderate: XCS=24.1%
17 severe or critical: XCS=29.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-311…
8,053/

Benin (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.2% in 2020)

Of 197* hospitalized for Covid-19, 5.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,054/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 642,868 who recovered from Covid-19, S=17.7%

642,868 uninfected controls: S=22.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,055/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 278 in ICU because of respiratory distress associated with Covd-19 & discharged alive, 43.2% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,056/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 337 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=12.8%

239 positive: CS=10.5%

OR (non-smoking): 3.02 (1.19–7.63)
aOR: 3.24 (1.15–9.18)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,057/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 16,345 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.5% were smokers (not clear if current or ever)

https://t.co/siPPUZMWVxncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,058/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 52,403 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.3%

11,546 died: S=3.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,059/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 295 with Covid-19, 9.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,060/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 95,940 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=8.3% & F=32.8%

14,038 readmitted within 60 days: C=10.5% & F=39.7%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jm…
8,061/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 58 with asymptomatic/mild COVID-19, 24.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,062/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 7,613 who were prescribed ACEi or ARB before being hospitalized because of Covid-19, 45.8% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,063/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

C=current smoking, H=history of hookah consumption

Of 678 active & former smokers hospitalized with Covid-19, C=77.3% & H=10.6%

136 died: C=72.1% & H=8.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,064/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 23 with asymptomatic, mild or moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, 26.1% were heavy smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,065/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 70 who died with Covid-19, 40% were previous or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,066/

Cameroon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 5% in 2020)

T=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 185 with tuberculosis tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=14.6%

45 positive: T=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,067/

USA, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Spain

Of 129 hospitalized for Covid-19, 3.9% were current tobacco users & 27.9% were former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,068/

Scotland, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

Of 253 with self-reported or confirmed long Covid, 1.8% were smokers & 19.9% were former smokers

https://t.co/qnX0ICqRGvpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37481021/
Image
8,069/

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 58 with long Covid, S=31%

14 healthy controls: S=35.7%

Not clear where: apparently Iraq and/or USA

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,070/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 70* hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=65.7%

45* mild: SH=71.1%
25 severe: SH=56%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,071/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=ever (presumably former)

Of 248 overweight/obese individuals hospitalized with Covid-19, C=14.1% & E=10.1%

82 ICU: C=29.3% & E=17.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-315…
8,072/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 17,454,971 adults, C=17.9% & F=34.2%

1,106,057 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=14% & F=34.8%

Continued
8,072a/

Later:

15,969,418 adults: C=17.3% & F=34.9%

981,303 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=13.5% & F=37.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-316…
8,073/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 with Covid-19, S=27

66 with neurological symptoms: S=30.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,074/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 378 recovering from Covid-19, 7.7% were active smokers & 40.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,075/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Smoking:
C=current
R=recent quitter
L=long-term quitter

Of 4,259 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2:
C=7.3%
R=5.5%
L=15.3%

94 died:
C=10.6%
R=13.8%
L=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,075a/

Comment: This article contains the same motivated reasoning & leaps of logic that plague Tobacco Control research on this topic.

The most egregious: recommending cessation when former smokers had worse outcomes than current smokers.
8,076/

Libya (adult smoking rate was ~12.6% in 2015)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 1,399 (1,289) survey respondents, S=12.4% (13.5%)

616 (506) with Covid-19 infection: S=13.6% (16.6%)

Numbers reported (if missing data; percentages didn't agree)

Continued
8,076a/

"Around 73 patients (15%) of the total were smokers, and they were all men" (contradictory yet again)

If females excluded (assuming no missing data):

512 respondents: S=34%

245 with Covid-19 infection: S=34.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,077/

USA, Argentina & Brazil

Of 159* hospitalized with COVID-19 at elevated thrombotic risk, "35.2% were current or former smokers"

*calculated: apparently smoking status was missing for 1 patient

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,078/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

all age 18-40

Of 77 w/ prior SARS-CoV-2 & mild respiratory symptoms suggesting Long COVID, S=22.1%

77 w/ mild respiratory symptoms (2018-2019): S=28.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489469/
8,079/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 392 age 65+ who underwent hip fracture surgery after recovering from Covid-19, S=11.2%

149 with hypoxemia: S=10.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,080/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (described as "former" (既往) in Chinese & "Current or former" in English)

Of 217 with lung cancer hospitalized with Covid-19, S=46.1%

51 with pneumonia: S=35.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,081/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 71 with symptoms of COVID-19 at least four weeks after the initial infection, "Approximately 7% of patients in our study’s population were smokers" (not specified...)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,082/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking "at the time of COVID-19"

Of 227 who survived Covid-19, S=29.1%

30 with lung fibrosis: S=53.3%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37492317/
8,083/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 65 who developed Long COVID sequelae between 30 days and 3 months after confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9.2% were smokers & 6.2% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,084/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 724 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 10.2% were current smokers & 35.4% had a smoking history

https://t.co/0wRSL5lMW9researchsquare.com/article/rs-319…
Image
8,085/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 335 with with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SH=1.5%

36 with Covid-19: SH=zero

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,086/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 133 with Covid-19, 12% smoked cigarettes & 9% used hookah (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,087/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 302 who survived Covid-19, 15.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,088/

New Zealand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.7% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 869 with rheumatic disease diagnosed with COVID-19, ES=30.6%

79 hospitalized: ES=39.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,089/

Mexico (2020 est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9%)

S=smoking (current?)

Of 3,293,896 w/ Covid-19, S=6.4%

226,378 died: S=7.2%

HRs
hosp: 0.81 (0.79, 0.83)
ICU: 0.87 (0.82, 0.92)
mech. vent'n: 0.99 (0.94, 1.04)
death: 0.93 (0.91 0.94)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,090/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 96 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 & fungal infections, S=43.8%

192 matched controls (hosp'd with severe C-19 without fungal infection): S=34.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,091/

Iran

1,517 age 14 & under: 135 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2

"participants with smoking parents had lower odds of RT-qPCR positivity compared to those with nonsmoking parents (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.90, p-value = 0.02)"

https://t.co/HyH2xTNMA2ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,092/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,320 admitted to ICU, CS=27.8%

497 with Covid-19: CS=15.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,093/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,572,815 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,094/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 22 long COVID patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction, 13.6% were tobacco smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,095/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 462 age 40+ with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, diabetes, and cardiovascular comorbidities hospitalized with COVID-19, 10.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,096

Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, and Serbia

Of 2,934 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.6% were current smokers & 15.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,097/

Sweden & Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% & 19.6% in 2020)

Of 29 in ICU with moderate-to-severe ARDS induced by COVID-19, 3.4% was a (daily) smoker & 34.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,098/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 224 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, S=4.9% & F=39.3%

115 with dyspnea at 5-month follow-up: S=2.6% & F=44.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,099/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 255 in ICU with Covid-19, "A total of 36 (14.1%) patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,100/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 95 with long Covid, 4.2% were current smokers & 53.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,101/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 293 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.1% were current smokers & 40.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,102/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (L<20 cigarettes daily, H≥20 cigarettes daily

Of 413 with myasthenia gravis, S=13.1% (L=9.9%, H=3.1%)

311 with Covid-19: S=11.9% (L=9.6%, H=2.3%)

https://t.co/ZGt7I6mSdzncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,103/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 82 who recovered from acute Covid-19, 13.4% were smokers & 24.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,104/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current/former tobacco smoking

Of 2,464 people living with HIV tested for antibodies, CFS=46%

304 positive (183 were asymptomatic): CFS=41%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,105/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 433 survey respondents, S=12.7% & X=3.2%

161 with Covid-19: S=14.3% & X=4.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,106/

USA (female smoking rate ages 18 to 44 was 13.4% in 2020)

Of 2,736 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 9.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,107/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 205 in ICU with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.9%

118 with pressure injuries: S=5.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,108/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 728 still alive 3 years after being hospitalized with Covid-19, 15.5% had a smoking history

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,109/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,304 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=38.2%

241 with gustatory dysfunction: CS=47.7%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,110/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

T=abuse of tobacco 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 208,166 hospitalized with Covid-19, T=3.3%

4,754 with bacterial co-infections: T=2.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,111/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 372 in ICU with Covid-19, 32.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-321…
8,112/

Germany & Austria (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% & 21.6% in 2020)

N="Nicotine/smoking exposure during pregnancy"

Of 1,402 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, N=6.6%

220 with adverse outcome (see below), N=7.3%

Continued Image
8,112a/

Canada (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 99 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, N=1%

61 with adverse outcome: N=1.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,113/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

Of 718,387 with Covid-19, 2.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,114/

France (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.3% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 714 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, AS=7.4%

64 with adverse fetal outcomes (see below): AS=7.8%

https://t.co/9guY7y6ovWpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37535653/
Image
8,115/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 63 with Covid-19, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,116/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,371 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.1%

32 reinfected: S=0



😯 https://t.co/lWFBiBaOAAncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,117/

Ukraine (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.3% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 176 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, AS=16.5%

99 at 1 month follow-up: AS=24.2%

27 with poor functional recovery: AS=25.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,118/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,116 who reported mild post-SARS-CoV-2-infection symptoms, 23 had a history of smoking (2.1%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,119/

Europe

S=smoker (d=daily, O=occasional), X=ex-smoker

Of 509 hospitalized for SARI & tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=19.8% (D=17.3%, O=2.6%) & X=29.5%

358 positive: S=12.8% (D=11.1%, O=1.7%) & X=28.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,120/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 94,416 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=7.8%

40,192 positive: S=6.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,121/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 41 with severe Covid-19, 22% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,122/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 31 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, zero were current smokers & 16.1% were past smokers

https://t.co/LmlGlqXEdkncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,123/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 630 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=1.4%

358 stayed ≥7 days: S=1.7%

90 died: S=3.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,124/

Slovenia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 2.6% was a current smoker & 15.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,125/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 200 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, 95% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Tunisia



apparently the same patients

https://t.co/MuYcZNzZZ1ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,126/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 574 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 63.9% were never smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,127/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,760,751 with Covid-19, C=15.7% & F=32.2%

(Note: from population of 3 million+ age 18 to 64 where C=19.7% to 21.4% & F=27% to 30.9%)

Continued
8,127a/

85,183 hospitalized: C=20% & F=34.9%

29,330 hospitalized with pneumonia (2019): C=37.6% & F=31.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,128/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 224 Covid-19 survivors, C=2.7% & F=23.7%

102 with post-Covid-19 condition: C=2.9% & F=28.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,129/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 227 with post-Covid condition, 16.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,130/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 304 who survived Covid-19, C=6.9% & X=40.5%

210 with post-Covid syndrome: C=5.7% & X=42.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-322…
8,131/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=ever

Of 3,687 individuals, C=35.5% & E=30.9%

91 with Covid-19: C=31.8% & E=28.6%

Comment: Unacceptable to cite a separate paper for methods, particularly if it's paywalled

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,132/

Scotland, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

Of 159 who survived Covid-19 (most were hospitalized), 5.7% were current smokers & 27.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,133/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 356 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,134/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 15 hospitalized with Covid-19-associated respiratory failure with presumed COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, 13.3% were smokers & 46.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,135/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56 hospitalized with original SARS-CoV-2, S=1.8%

Of 56 matched controls hospitalized with delta variant, S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,136/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 6,113 health care workers with Covid-19, 3.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,137/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 169 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, C=4.1% & X=8.9%

27 with early bacterial co-infection: C=7.4% & X=18.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,138/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T="Tobacco use (currently using any type of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco)"

Of 1,296 with a COVID-like illness tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=4.7%

1,017 positive: T=4.3%
279 negative: T=6.1%

cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
8,139/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

Of 43 enrolled in a vaccine trial tested for antibodies, 2 were current smokers (4.3%) zero had quit

21 positive: 2 were current smokers (9.5%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,140/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 192 with arrhythmia associated w/ mild or moderate Covid-19, S=27.1%

100 controls w/ mild or moderate Covid-19 w/o arrhythmia: S=28%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,141/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

T="tobacco exposure" (not defined)

Of 252 with Covid-19 & suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia, T=31.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Iran



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,142/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 106 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=63.2%

54 serious: S=63%
52 non-serious: S=63.5% (62% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,143/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,098 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.8%

330 died: S=7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,144/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 165 with COPD hosp'd w/ Covid-19, A=24.2% & F=25.5%

42 non-invasive MV: A=23.8% & F=11.9%

18 invasive MV: A=22.2% & F=5.6%

25 died: A=20% & F=16%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,145/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 535 still alive 1 year after being hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=12.1%

313 with mental distress at 1 year: CS=16.3%



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,146/

T=tobacco use (used interchangeably with "smoking", not specified if current or ever)

Of 38 with long Covid, T=36.8%

38 controls with acute coronary syndrome: T=76.3%

38 controls with fibromyalgia: T=28.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,147/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 43,173 people living with HIV, CS=27%

6,472 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=21%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,148/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

ES=ever smoker

Of 214 with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, ES=37.4%

71 hospitalized with acute Covid-19: ES=46.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,149/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (presumably current)

Of 5,406 university students, S=2.8%

1,703 with Covid-19: S=3.5%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,150/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T="Tobacco use disorders" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 883,394 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, T=16.9%

56,409 hospitalized with influenza & discharged alive, T=20.9%
bmj.com/content/382/bm…
8,151/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 60 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 11.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,152/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 290 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19, AS=26.9%

135 died: AS=29.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,153/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 181 in ICU with Covid-19 pneumonia, 16.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,154/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 831 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=36.2%

269 ICU: S=38.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,155/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

CS=current smoker

All hospitalized for Covid-19:

151 people living with HIV: CS=21.2%
185 HIV-negative immunocompetent: CS=15.1%
127 HIV-negative immunocompromised: CS=7.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,156/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 5,371 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=2.6% & F=14.5%

615 died: C=2.8% & F=22.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,157/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 100 with chronic kidney disease who survived Covid-19, two were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,158/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 322,867 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.3% were current tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,159/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 9,536 w/ T1 diabetes who tested positive for Covid-19, C=18.9% & X=39.5%

144,248 w/ T2 diabetes who tested positive for Covid-19, C=14.5% & X=49.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…


Image
Image
Image
8,160/

Michigan, Wisconsin & Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17%, 13.3% & 13.1% in 2021)

CS=current cigarette smoking

Of 578 symptomatic persons tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=6.7%

312 positive: CS=4.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,161/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 4,805 hospitalized with cancer & Covid-19, 51.1% were current or former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamao…
8,162/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 108 in ICU with Covid-19, 27.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-324…
8,163/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 195,946 veterans with Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers & 44.9% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
8,164/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking, E=e-cigarette use (not specified...)

Of 304 grocery store, hardware store, bar & restaurant workers, S=17.4% & E=7.9%

117 with Covid-19: S=18.8% & E=6.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,165/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 23 with immunocompromising conditions & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.3% was a current smoker & 26.1% were past smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,166/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

Of 500 who survived Covid-19, 8.8% were current smokers & 23.6% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-323…
8,167/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 141 with COPD & severe Covid-19, C=10.6% & X=52.5%

216 without COPD with severe Covid-19: C=4.2% & X=34.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-325…
8,168/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 35 severely ill Covid-19 patients treated with ECMO, CS=8.6%

26 died: CS=11.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,169/

Brazil (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.7% in 2020)

Of 1,386 with Covid-19 during pregnancy, 0.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,170/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 6,448 with rheumatoid arthritis & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 46.5% were current or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,171/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 57 (or 62) with strokes associated with Covid-19, 12.3% (11.3%) were current smokers (or had quit in the previous 3 months & 17.5% (16.1%) were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,172/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 25 with post-COVID rhinomaxillary mucormycosis, 16% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,173/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 82 in ICU with Covid-19, 30.5% were current or previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,174/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 4,726 individuals, C=20.1% % X=30.3%

343 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=13.1% & X=27.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37605232/
8,175/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 3,783 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=8.5% & F=3.2%

3,129 positive: C=7.1% & F=3.1%

955 with post-Covid condition: C=8.8% & F=4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,176/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoking

Of 66 with Covid-19, CFS=34.8%

22 mild: CFS=31.8%
22 moderate: CFS=27.3%
22 severe: CFS=45.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,177/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 69 with Covid-19, 31.9% were current smokers & 17.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,178/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 6,743 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.5% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,179/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 12 in ICU for Covid-19, 8.3% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,180/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 236 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 & discharged alive, 17.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,181/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 72 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=29.2%

26 mechanically ventilated: HS=26.9%

13 (of the 26) died: HS=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,182/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 450 overweight or obese individuals hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 3.6% were current smokers & 33.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,183/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 14 (11 female) with rhinocerebral mucormycosis and recent COVID-19 infection, 7.1% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,184/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 8,635 hospitalized for Covid-19, 5.8% were current smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,185/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

of 60 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "14 (23.3%) had a history of smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,186/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 152 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.6% & F=38.2%

13 invasively mechanically ventilated controls with non-Covid ARDS: C=15.4% & F=53.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,187/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 100 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 & discharged alive, 28 were smokers (apparently current & former)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,188/

Kosovo (adult current cigarette smoking was 36.4% in 2019)

Of 39 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 5.1% were tobacco consumers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,189/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

C=current cig smoking; S=2nd hand

Of 16,610 tested for antibodies, C=9% (9.5%) & S=27.9% (30.6%)

3,598 positive: C=5.2%* & S=28.2%*

*calculated

aOR (C): 0.523(0.407,0.672) p< 0.001

researchsquare.com/article/rs-314…
Image
8,190/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 723 hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, S=22.5%

53 with healthcare-associated (secondary) infections: S=28.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,191/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 140 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 56.5% were current or former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37623441/
8,192/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 184 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 21.7% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,193/

Philippines (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.9% in 2020)

Of 519 hospitalized with Covid-19 (374 with chronic kidney disease), 6% were current smokers & 9.4% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,194/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 939 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=38%

47 hospitalized: HS=34%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,195/

New York State, USA (adult female current smoking rate was 10.6% in 2021)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 165 who gave birth, S=5.5%

104 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=1.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,196/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking history (M=mild, MO=moderate, S=severe)

Of 980 tested for antibodies, S=18.3% (M=9.9%, MO=5.1%, S=3.3%)

451 positive: S=19.3% (M=13.1%, MO=4%, S=2.2%)

Continued
8,196a/

204 symptomatic: S=19.6% (M=12.7%, MO=3.9%, S=2.9%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,197/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 2,438 who recovered from Covid-19, 21.9% were smokers & 11.8% were past smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37626363/
8,198/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

tobacco smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 369 who survived Covid-19, C=4.9% & P=2.2%

294 with post-Covid symptoms: C=5.1% & P=2.4%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,199/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 228 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 10.1% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,200/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CPS=current or past cigarette smoking

Of 825 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CPS=33.2%

337 symptomatic at follow-up months later: CPS=35.9%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-318…
8,201/

New Mexico, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of ~437* hospitalized with SARS-CoV=2 infection, 10.7% were current smokers & 22.7% were past smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/arti…
8,202/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 144* hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.2%* were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,203/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 143 Covid-19 survivors, A=14.7% & F=9.8%

142 uninfected controls: A=28.9% & F=2.1%

Note: error in Table 1

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,204/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

HS=history of cigarette smoking

Of 1,447* age < 65 hospitalized with mild & moderate Covid-19, HS=38%

135* deteriorated: HS=52.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37641057/
Brazil



apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,205/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 120 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 4.2% were present or former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,206/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 10 with oral lesions associated with severe Covid-19, 30% were smokers (apparently ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,207/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 145* hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.1%* were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,208/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40 age 31 to 80 on medication for systemic arterial hypertension, S=5%

21 with Covid-19: S=zero

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,209/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 1,768 with active or a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, HS=19.5%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,210/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

smoking: D=daily, S=sporadic

Of 58 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, D=6.9% (5% reported) & S=5.2%

47 symptomatic: D=6.4% & S=4.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-323…
8,211/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 417 hospitalized for Covid-19, 15.8% had a history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-318…
8,212/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 274,454 outpatient US veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16.5% were current smokers & 40.7% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
Image
8,213/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 100 with Covid-19, HS=40

27 with orthopedic manifestations: HS=37%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,214/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (apparently active)

Of 192 with systemic sclerosis, S=7.3%

24 with Covid-19: S=37.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,215/

Scotland, UK (female current smoking age 18+ was 13.2% in 2021)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 4,072 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=11.5% & X=20.1%

12,168 matched uninfected controls: S=13.9% & X=20.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,216/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Of 1,651 hospitalized for Covid-19, 4.4% were active smokers & 26.5% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37647739/
8,217/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 2,327 hospitalized with Covid-19, 22.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-329…
8,218/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 92 with Covid-19, 4.3% were current smokers (4.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,219/

USA

Big study using 2021 NHIS data; too much to report here

Authors begrudgingly admitted that combustible tobacco use was negatively associated with infection. Exclusive ENDS, pipe & waterpipe, and smokeless tobacco weren't associated.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,220/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 47 with mild or moderate Covid-19, 25.5% were smokers & 8.5% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,221/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 443 who survived mild or moderate Covid-19, CS=7.4%

1,328 matched uninfected controls: CS=20.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,222/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 606 with diabetes mellitus hospitalized with Covid-19, A=10.9% & X=15%

223 died: A=11.2% & X=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,223/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 10,959 university students & employees tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=9.7%

1,032 positive: S=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,224/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

Of 67 dialysis patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 4.5% were smokers & 23.9% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,225/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 164 with lung cancer, S=52.4%

109 tested for Covid-19: S=49.5%

12 positive: S=50%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,226/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 86 admitted to ICU due to critical Covid-19 & discharged alive, 27.9% had a history of smoking (29% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,227/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 86 (78 male) tested for SARS-CoV-2 when hospitalized for spontaneous pneumothorax, C=54.7% & F=7%

18 positive: C=38.9% & F=11.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,228/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 380 symptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=9.2%

186 positive: S=14% (13.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,229/

Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2021)

Of 40 hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19, 7.5% were current smokers & 25% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,229a/

1 year follow-up on some of the same patients.

Of 16, 31.3% had a history of smoking

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,230/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 23,452 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.2% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,231/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 108 still alive 6 months after discharge from ICU with severe COVID-19-associated ARDS, 47.2% were current or former smokers (47.3% reported)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,232/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 552 who recovered from Covid-19, 20.5% were smokers before infection (not specified how long before) & 11.8% were smokers after infection (from Table 4)



However text contradicts pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37669253/
Image
8,233/

Europe (mostly?)

Of 6,228 hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 31.2% were current or past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,234/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 70 cancer patients infected with Covid-19, 35.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,235/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 34 with rheumatological diseases & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=8.8%

22 mild: S=4.5%
3 moderate/severe: S=0
8 critical: S=25%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,236/

Argentina & Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% & 24.5% in 2020)

Of 7,507 hospitalized with COVID-19 who received oxygen therapy, 6.9% were active smokers (7.0% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,237/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 730 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 6.2% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-331…
8,238/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 286 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=7%

64 with severe dyspnea: S=9.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-324…
8,239/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 3,249 with SARS-CoV-2 treated with monoclonal antibodies, 4.1% were current smokers & 10.1% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,240/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 19 who survived hospitalization primarily due to pulmonary disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=15.8%

7 with post-Covid symptoms: S=0
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,241/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 115 in ICU with severe ARDS associated with SARS-CoV-2, S=33.9%

61 died: S=45.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,242/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 57,766 tested for antibodies, S=27.5%

~3,762* positive: S=19.9%

Continued
8,242a/

38,051 who tested negative were tested again months later: S=27.3%

1,446 positive: S=21.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,243/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,402 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=38.7%

323 died: S=48.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-324…
8,244/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 80 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=18.8%

40 severe: S=12.5%
40 critical: S=25%

40 (apparently unmatched) uninfected controls: S=7.5%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,245/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 592 hospitalized with Covid-19, 27.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,246/

Iowa, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.6% in 2021)

Of 406 with overweight/obesity-related hypertension hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.9% were current smokers & 49% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,247/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 631 hospitalized with mild Covid-19, 2.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,248/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 238 with liver cancer who underwent hepatectomy, CS=19.3%

57 had a history of Covid-19 & recovered: CS=12.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,249/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 34 with Covid-19 who required oxygen therapy or invasive mechanical ventilation, 50% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,250/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 47 post-COVID-19 patients who reported audiological symptoms, 8.5% had a history of smoking (see below)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,251/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 233 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 12% were smokers & 42.1% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,252/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 51 (37.9% soldiers) with a history of mild RT-PCR–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection & persistent pulmonary symptoms, "Five (9.8%) and 12 (23.5%)...were active or former smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,253/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 31 survivors of COVID-19-related pneumonia and ARDS, 6.5% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,254/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 208 hospitalized with Covid-19, CT=45.2%

187 discharged alive: CT=44.4%

17 died within 1 year: CT=47.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,255/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 110 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, 39.1% were ever smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,256/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,560 with STEMI with Covid-19, S=20.8%

185,700 with STEMI without Covid-19: S=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,257/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current & former smoking

Of 20,225,338 adults, CFS=13.9%

91,653 hospitalized with Covid-19, CFS=34.5%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,258/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 965 with inflammatory bowel disease, AS=21.5%

42 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: AS=19% (19.1% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,259/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (past or today)

Of 24 with BMI >25 with Covid-19, S=62.5%

17 moderate: S=58.8%
7 severe: S=71.4%

11 uninfected controls: S=36.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,260/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 29 who survived Covid-19, 27.6% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,261/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 200 hospitalized with Covid-19, 24% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
This study was retracted



ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,262/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 210 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=31.9%

116 mild: S=31%
67 moderate: S=26.9%
27 severe: S=48.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,263/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,104 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 16.3% used tobacco (defined in one place as "within the past year" & another place as ever smoking tobacco)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,264/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 2,083 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.1% were current smokers & 17.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,265/

North America

SH=smoking history

Of 194,121 who underwent orthopedic surgery, SH=11%

740 with Covid-19 within 14 days before surgery: SH=10.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,266/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

Of 592 hospitalized with Covid-19, 20.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,267/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoke, Q=quit

Of 308 with long Covid, S=14% & Q=9.1%

2,857 matched controls with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection without long Covid: S=20.3% & Q=6%

Note: errors in Table 1

researchsquare.com/article/rs-332…
8,268/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 153 with active malignancy who tested positive for COVID‐19, 5.2% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,269/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 87,684 with gastrointestinal malignancies, SH=25.6%

1,892 with Covid-19: SH=25.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,270/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 171 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 & treated with HFNC, AS=5.3%

33 of them treated with invasive mechanical ventilation: AS=9.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,271/

Wales,UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.1% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 174 in ICU with Covid-19, C=6.3% & X=29.3%

81 with fungal infections: C=7.4% & X=33.3%



Far too many words were used to say this 👇 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,272/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of ~211* hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia causing acute respiratory failure, 36% were current or former smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,273/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 30,151 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion procedures, CFS=25.7%

3,683 with Covid-19 infection within weeks before surgery: CFS=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,274/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 138,818 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=20.8% & F=32.3%

20,580 hospitalized: C=23.5% & F=31.8%

5,985,227 (presumably) uninfected controls: C=25.2% & F=29.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,275/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 42 in ICU for Covid-19, 23.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,276/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 44 with Covid-19, S=9.1%

20 mild: S=10%
11 moderate: S=0
13 severe: S=15.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,277/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 674 with T1 or T2 diabetes with Covid-19, "Smoking was reported by 151 (22.4%) subjects" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,278/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 197 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.4% were current smokers & 5.1% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,279/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

NS=never smoker

Of 135 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, NS=62.2%

94 "mild": NS=60.6%
41 severe or critical: NS=65.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,280/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 91 who died with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Only three patients gave a positive smoking history" (3.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,281/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 62 hospitalized with Covid-19, CXS=54.8%

31 mild/moderate: CXS=54.8%
31 severe/critical: CXS=54.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,282/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 428 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,283/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 115 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,284/

Italy (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 20 males who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 25% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,285/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 474 hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.4% were current smokers & 6.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,286/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 192 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=51.6%

84 with lymphopenia: S=46.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,287/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 53* hospitalized with Covid-19, C=0 & X=41.5%

31 mild: X=35.5%
20 moderate: X=55%
2 severe: X=0

20 uninfected controls: C=20% & X=50%

*N=52 🤷‍♂️

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,288/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking, P=past smoking

Matched groups

Of 388 w/ more serious Covid-19, S=2.8% & P=33.8%

399 w/ less serious C-19: S=10.5% & P=21.8%

399 (presumably) uninfected: S=16% & P=22.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,289/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 45,421 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,290/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 30 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=26.7%

30 matched healthy controls: S=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,291/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 111 with long Covid when vaccinated for Covid-19, S=13.5%

15 recovered: S=6.7%
96 didn't: S=14.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Philippines

The sixth paper I've seen with the same patients



preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,292/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

N=non-smoker (not specified if current or never)

Of 11,897 survey respondents, N=91.3%

6,748 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2: N=91.4%

1,788 self-suspected positive: N=93.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,293/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 1,122 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.4% were current smokers & 20.8% were past smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,294/

Sri Lanka (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.3% in 2020)

Of 159 hospitalized for Covid-19 infection, 12.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,295/

Palestine (regular smoking was 22% in 2011)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared 5 times)

Of 70 with Covid-19, S=15.7%

52 uninfected household contacts: S=30.8%

Another 32 critically ill in ICU with Covid-19: S=31.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Colombia

peer-reviewed version

EF = "has ever consumed tobacco in their life, either in the past or currently"



ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,296/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,039 with T2 diabetes tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=12.6%

336 positive: CS=12.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,297/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 40 in ICU for severe Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,298/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 18 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=11.1%

17 matched healthy controls: S=17.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,299/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 462 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 5.2% were smokers & 37.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,300/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 103 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, "8.7% were ever smoker"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,301/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 121 hospitalized with Covid-19, 14.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,302/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 694 hosp'd with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=10.7% & X=22.1%

122 moderate: C=8.2% & X=20.5%
250 severe: C=7.6% & X=26%
322 critical: C=14% & X=19.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,303/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 559 in ICU with Covid-19, S=18.4%

330 mechanical ventilation: S=20.3%

378 died: S=19%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,304/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 100 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21 were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,305/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 92 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.5% were current tobacco users

Of 84 of the same patients, 45.2% were previous tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,306/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 511 with mild Covid-19 symptoms, 29.7% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

Note: paywalled; more info in full paper?

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37748266/
Image
8,307/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 5,355 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-331…
8,308/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 140 in ICU with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=30%

48 with acute kidney injury: S=25%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-323…
8,309/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,230 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=8.4% (9% reported)

271 with malnutrition: CS=10.3% (11% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,310/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 76 who survived Covid-19, 14.5% were smokers or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,311/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 136 hospitalized with Covid-19, 11% were active smokers

OR severity (smoking): 5.920 (1.839-19.061) p=0.003



suspiciously similar to 👇

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,312/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

PCT=past/current tobacco use

Of 1,651 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, PCT=25.9%

858 primarily for Covid-19: PCT=25.6%
793 with incidental infection: PCT=26.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,313/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 862,189 diagnosed with Covid-19, 21.6% were current smokers

academic.oup.com/ehjopen/advanc…
8,314/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 20 with long Covid, 15% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,315/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 657 who recovered from Covid-19, S=18%

20 hospitalized: S=10%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37777268/
8,316/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 384,078 individuals, 5.4% were current e-cigarette users

OR (Covid-19): 1.12 (1.06-1.19) p<0.0001
OR (long Covid): 1.18 (1.08-1.30) <0.0001

Continued
8,316a/

Of 382,777 individuals, 12% were current smokers

"Higher rates for COVID were found for...current e-cigarette users (41.5%), (but not for smokers)"

Apparently we should just trust them because results weren't reported

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,317/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 129 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=14%

43 with secondary bacterial infections: SH=18.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,318/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 564 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,319/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of 152 hospitalized with Covid-19, HT=5.3%

25 died: HT=12%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,320/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 77 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=10.4% & X=48.1%

56 matched controls hospitalized for non-respiratory reasons (uninfected): C=21.4% & X=32.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,321/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 333 in ICU with Covid-19, S=11.4%

63 intubated: S=7.9%

22 died: S=40.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,322/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,048,025 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=27%

100,290 mechanically ventilated: S=22.4%

1,770 ECMO: S=12.4%

OR (mortality): 1.08 (1.03–1.13) p=0.002

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,323/

Mexico (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy

Of 758 hospitalized with Covid-19 during pregnancy, S=4.2%

635 non-severe: S=4.1%
123 severe-critical: S=4.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,324/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 979 hospitalized for COVID-19, 18.8% were current smokers & 28.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,325/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 68 with long Covid, "29.4% were either current smokers or ex-smokers."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,326/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 1,261 diagnosed with Covid-19, 12.1% were current tobacco smokers (12.2% reported) & 29.3% were former tobacco smokers (29.6% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,327/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 753 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.4%

157 died: S=7.6%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-333…
8,328/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 768 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=1.8% & P=2.5%

144 with post-Covid-19 condition: C=2.1% & P=2.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-340…
8,329/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 36 Covid-19 survivors with CT features consistent with interstitial lung disease 0–12 months after diagnosis, (apparently) zero were current smokers & 16.7% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,330/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 190,214 with Covid-19 infection, S=1.9%

1,685 reinfected: S=1.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,331/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

S="inhalational tobacco use" (not specified if current or ever)

Of 451 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis, S=26.8%

65 with DVT: S=32.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,332/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 120 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=16.7% & F=28.3%

37 ICU: C=13.5% & F=40.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,333/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 486 with Covid-19, 31.5% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,334/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 83 Covid-19 outpatients, 18.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,335/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 71 age 60+ with severe Covid-19, S=5.6%

8 died: S=12.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,336/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 564 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,337/

Latin America, mostly Venezuela (adult smoking rate was ~17% in 2019)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 421 with SARS-CoV-2 infection & had persistent headache (28 days+), S=6.9%

106 with new daily persistent headache (>3 months): S=9.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-336…
Image
8,338/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 284 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=9.2%

62 with pulmonary thromboembolism, CS=19.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,339/

Sri Lanka (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.3% in 2020)

Of 184 manifesting neurological disorders one week prior and up to six weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,340/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,176,749 diagnosed with Covid-19, 0.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Iraq and/or USA



same patients; still not specified & still not clear

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,341/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 100 who survived Covid-19, 6 were smokers & 11 were snus users

76 uninfected controls: 2.6% were smokers & 7.9% were snus users

Note: not specified if current or ever

researchsquare.com/article/rs-339…
8,342/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 354,527 with Covid-19, C=19.2% & F=14.9%

6,134,940 (presumably) uninfected controls: C=19% & F=17.7%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,343/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 432 who survived Covid-19, C=6.3% & F=44%

1,728 matched uninfected controls: C=17.8% & F=34.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,344/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 100 with recent Covid-19, AS=26

100 of their close relatives: AS=22

112 of them with PTSD: AS=30.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,345/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 38,839 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=7.8%

377,653 not hospitalized for Covid-19 (not necessarily uninfected): S=5.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,346/

California, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 8.9% in 2021)

Smoking/vaping: C=current, F=former

Of 276 adults & children, C=6.2% & F=19.6%

152 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=7.2% & F=19.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,347/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 9,422 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=4.2%

831 required kidney replacement therapy: CS=4.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,348/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 103 with Covid-19, S=7.8%

40 mild: S=10%
63 severe/critical: S=6.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,349/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 60,216 hospitalized with Covid-19, 32.3% were current or ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,350/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 400 discharged alive from ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 2.8% were current tobacco users & 49.5% were former tobacco users

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Philippines

Paper number 7 with the same patients



researchsquare.com/article/rs-340…
8,351/

Venezuela (adult smoking rate was ~17% in 2019)

Of 175 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-339…
8,352/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 348 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, SH=39.9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,353/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 78 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 1.3% was a current smoker & 24.4% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,354/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 81,813 in ICU with Covid-19, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,355/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 486 with multiple sclerosis hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.5% were smokers (not clear if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-341…
8,356/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 63 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=17.5%

30 non-severe: S=20%
5 non-severe to severe: S=0
28 severe: S=14.3%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,357/

Somalia (daily smoking rates: male=13.1% & female=1.6% in 2015)

HS=history of smoking

Of 433 with Covid-19, HS=8.3%

48 non-severe: HS=6.3%
385 severe: HS=8.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,358/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 6,412 who survived Covid-19, CS=17.2%

605 with long Covid: CS=21.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,359/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 1,278 diagnosed with Covid-19, 9.4% were smokers (10% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,360/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 202 Covid-19 survivors with persistent anosmia or persistent hyposmia, 7.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Canada



apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,361/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 225 with postacute COVID-19 syndrome, N=6.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,362/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 124 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-336…
8,363/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 3,039 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.3% were smokers (8.4% daily, 6.9% occasionally)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,364/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 91 with Covid-19, 5.5% were current smokers

"Daily [oral] administration of 300 mg CBD for 14 days failed to alter the clinical evolution of COVID-19."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,365/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 58,961 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 8.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,366/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 2,170 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.8% were previous or current cigarette smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-341…
8,367/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 223 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, C=6.7% & X=2.7%

150 non-severe: C=8.7% & X=3.3%
73 severe: C=2.7% & X=1.4%

49 died: C=4.1% & X=4.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,368/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

Of 152 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.9% were current smokers & 10.5% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,369/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,231 plasma samples from up to 1,180 with a history of Covid-19, 9.8% were taken from current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,370/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 546 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=21.2%

75 with respiratory failure: SH=28%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,371/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 132* hemodialysis patients hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=15.9%

112 with Ο variant: CS=15.2%
30 needed oxygen: CS=20%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,372/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 16,588 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=10.1%

6,656 positive: S=5.7%

1,818 ICU: S=7%
80 intubated: S=23.8%
1,088 severe: S=15.8%
364 died: S=13.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,373/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 135 critically ill with Covid-19, S=43.7%

89 died: S=43.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,374/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 41 with interstitial lung disease hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, SH=34.1%

14 severe: SH=57.1%
27 critical: SH=22.2%

17 (of the 27) died: SH=17.6%

Continued
8,374a/

Of 82 without pre-existing respiratory disease hospitalized with severe or critical Covid-19, SH=29.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,375/

Georgia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 15% in 2021)

Of 83 with new or worsening symptoms lasting ≥3 weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 26.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,376/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS="Current smoker within 1 y"

Of 211 who underwent colorectal cancer surgery, CS=13.3%

57 with Covid-19 infection 4 weeks before to 1 week after surgery: CS=12.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,377/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 434 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=9.7% & X=38.5%

312 with long Covid: S=8% & X=41%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,378/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking (% reported)

Of 802 who survived Covid-19, CS=3.7% (7%)

447 hospital-at-home: CS=0.7% (2.8%)
296 hospitalized (non-ICU): CS=6.8% (6.9%)
59 ICU: CS=11.9% (23.3%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,379/

Romania (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 199 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, AS=22.6%

199 without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: AS=22.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,380/

Singapore (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.8% in 2020)

XCS=ex or current smoker

Of 46 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, XCS=26.1%

29 mild or moderate: XCS=24.1%
17 severe or critical: XCS=29.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,381/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

Of 3,885 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.4% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,382/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16.6%

124 asymptomatic or mild: CS=17.7%
33 moderate: CS=12.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,383/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 689 with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome, 10% were smokers (6.7% daily, 3.3% occasional) & 37.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,384/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 3,312 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.4% were current smokers & 21.1% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,385/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 235 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=10.6%

122 High Dependency Unit: S=10.7%
113 ICU: S=10.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,386/

Portugal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 53 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=37.7%

25 with post-Covid condition: CFS=36%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,387/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 248 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required oxygen, 7.7% were current smokers & 19.8% were previous smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,388/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 32 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=31.3%

12 with liver damage: S=41.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,389/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoker

Of 95 hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, CFS=36.8%

42 with a restrictive ventilatory defect at follow-up: CFS=24.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,390/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 154 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia, S=12.3%

26 died: S=11.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-344…
8,391/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 993 with Covid-19, S=28.1%

944 uninfected controls: S=30.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,392/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,612 primary health care workers, S=8.6%

457 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=6.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-343…
8,393/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 120,275* w/ long Covid, C=10.7% & X=25.8%

484,910* w/ Covid but not long Covid: C=13.1% & X=25.8%

1,019,615* w/o Covid: C=20.8% & X=25%

*matched

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,394/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 1,113 with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,395/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 87 age 18 to 65 with BMI ≥ 25 diagnosed with Covid-19, FCS=21.8%

28 mild: FCS=28.6%
31 moderate: FCS=16.1%
28 severe/critical: FCS=21.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,396/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 28 SARS-CoV-2 patients with interstitial pneumonia treated with Helmet-CPAP, 50% had a history of smoking



Some or all of the same patients?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,397/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 47 with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated with sudden onset of sensorineural hearing loss within 72 hours, 4.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,398/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 105 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=4.8%

52 with olfactory dysfunction: S=3.8%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,399/

Arizona, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.1% in 2021)

S=Former or Current Smoker (tobacco or vaping 🤨)

Of 1,238 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=21.3%
282 sought medical care: S=21.6%

618 reinfected: S=20.6%
101 sought medical care: S=17.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,400/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 104 hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19, 5.8% were current smokers

Of 97 of the same patients, 45.4% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,401/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of (apparently) 171 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 67.3% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,402/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 211 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 9% were current smokers & 23.7% were ex-smokers



Might be important 👇 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,403/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 163 hospitalized for Covid-19, CS=6.7%

27 moderate: CS=3.7%
100 severe: CS=4
36 critical: CS=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,404/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 48 with Covid-19, 6.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,405/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 1,305 who survived Covid-19, 4.8% were current smokers & 12.7% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37862083/
8,406/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 416 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=8.9%

240 mild: S=5.8%
176 severe: S=13.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37860066/
8,407/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 255* with Covid-19, 11.8% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,408/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

Of 60 who survived Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers & 25% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,409/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 609 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,410/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 300 with Covid-19, 39.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,411/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoker

Of 5,409 hospitalized with Covid-19, ES=10.1%

9,041 hospitalized with non-Covid pneumonia (2019): ES=14.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,412/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 98 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2% were current smokers & 42.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,413/

Oregon, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=14.4%

16 with proven secondary bacterial infection: SH=12.5%

15 with possible secondary bacterial infection: SH=6.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Thailand



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,414/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 486 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, "111 (22.8%) were smokers or ex-smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,415/

Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,578 hospitalized with Covid-19, N=10.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,416/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 27,214 individuals, CT=5.5%

1,603 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CT=4.7%

aHR=0.73 [0.58 - 0.92]

MD, VA, DC, NC, SC, MS, and LA

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
8,417/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 184,204 diagnosed with Covid-19, ES=34.5%

1,935,256 matched controls (never diagnosed with Covid-19): ES=37.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37871359/
8,418/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 244 who survived Covid-19, HS=10.2%

46 with ECG abnormalities 2+ months after infection: HS=21.7%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37867587/
8,419/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 79 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=11.4%

21 mild: SH=0
58 severe/critical: SH=15.5%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-344…
8,420/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of ~1,548* age 65+ in ICU with severe or critical Covid-19, CS=8.8%

~1,012* died: CS=8.3%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

researchsquare.com/article/rs-345…
8,421/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 970 with post-acute sequelae of Covid-19, 6.5% were current smokers & 39.5% were past smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,422/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 110 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=11.8% & F=29.1%

99 symptomatic: C=12.1% & F=32.3%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,423/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 77,392 with T1 diabetes & SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=15.2%

223,995 matched controls (without diabetes, infected): S=14.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,424/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (former or current)

Of 1,481 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=35.3%

2,123 hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: S=55.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,425/

Iran (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 1.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 300 (presumably) females with Covid-19, S=5.7%

178 mild: S=5.6%
122 severe: S=5.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,426/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 12,212 pensioners with Covid-19, ES=8.1%

6,287 hospitalized: ES=10.2%
4,238 severe: ES=9.6%
4,205 died: ES=9.5%

17,014 pensioners tested negative: ES=10%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,427/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 231,053 individuals, CS=5.7%

122,060 with Covid-19: CS=5%

110,402 asymptomatic or resolved short COVID < 4 weeks: CS=4.9%

Continued
8,427a/

7,128 with resolved short COVID ≥ 4 to < 12 weeks: CS=4.7%

2,165 resolved persistent COVID≥12 to < 52 weeks: CS=3.9%

816 resolved ≥52 weeks: CS=3.8%

2,365 ongoing persistent COVID≥12 to < 52 weeks: CS=7%

2,977 ongoing ≥52 weeks: CS=6.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,428/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 299 hospitalized with moderate-severe Covid-19, 4.7% were smokers

Of 12 of the same patients, 8.3% was a "Vaping cigarettes user"

Note: not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,429/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 211 with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=33.2%

14 hospitalized or died: S=57.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,430/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 322 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, S=30.1%

100 with secondary pulmonary infection: S=32

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,431/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 260 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3.8% were current smokers & 24.2% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,432/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 92 hospitalized for Covid-19, 53.3% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,433/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 165 at a hospital emergency department with acute coronary syndrome tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=47.9%

26 positive: S=34.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,434/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 871 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 11.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,435/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 190 with pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum, AS=36.3%

52 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=19.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37888108/
8,435/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

AS=active smoking Of 190 with pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum, AS=36.3%

52 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: AS=19.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37888108/
8,436/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 538 hospitalized for an acute cardiac condition & tested for SARS-CoV-2, CS=47.4%

122 positive: CS=41%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,437/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

Of 2,759 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8.6% were smokers ("smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and every day or some days immediately prior to illness")

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Spain



Same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,438/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 2,942 who recovered from Covid-19, 15.3% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,439/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 70 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20%

19 mild: S=21.1%
39 medium: S=20.5%
12 severe: S=16.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,440/

Spain (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 31 who tested positive for antibodies in the first trimester of pregnancy, AS=0

48 (previously negative) positive in 3rd trimester: AS=10.4%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,441/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 285 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=20.7%

62 positive: S=53.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37900095/
8,442/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 656 in ICU with Covid-19, 27.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,443/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 300 hospitalized for Covid-19, 9.3% were smokers & 22.7% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,444/

Türkiye (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 42.8% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 105 males age 20 to 54 w/ suspected infertility & history of Covid-19, S=58.1%

105 w/ suspected infertility & no history of Covid-19, S=51.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,445/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 484 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=16.1%

34 with thrombosis: CS=8.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,446/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 491 with Covid-19, T=26.5%

137 with post-acute sequelae: T=33.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,447/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified... "history" appeared twice)

Of 409 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, S=9.5%

271 moderate: S=10.3%
112 severe: S=6.3%
20 critical: S=25%

54 died: S=5.6%
researchsquare.com/article/rs-349…
8,448/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 980 with olfactory & gustatory dysfunctions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 17.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,449/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 272 who died of Covid-19, 52.6% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,450/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 259 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=4.6% & X=35.5%

52 unmatched uninfected controls: C=5.8% & X=11.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,451/

England, UK (est. female current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 11.2% in 2021)

Of 60 in ICU with Covid-19 during pregnancy or postpartum, 8.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,452/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,024 individuals (see methods), C=4.4% & F=22.9%

231 with history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: C=3.5% & F=23.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,453/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 6,759 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=2.1%

471 died: S=2.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,454/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 68 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 11.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,455/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 207 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 19.8% were current smokers & 15.5% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,456/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 70 in ICU with Covid-19, 10% "had a history of smoking or other addictions"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,457/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 656 with acute kidney injury in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,458/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex=smoker

Of 10,000 adults, S=18.7% & X=16.7%

1,045 infected with Covid-19, S=12.5% & X=13.5%

ORs
S: 0.55 (0.44-0.68) p<0.001
X: 0.70 (0.57-0.86) p<0.001

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
Image
8,459/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 6,917 solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for Covid-19, S=22.4%

~53,457* SOTRs not hospitalized for Covid-19: S=23%

*calculated

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,460/

Yemen (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 404 health care workers tested for antibodies, S=10.4%

381 positive

"No significant association (P > 0.05) between the seroprevalence and...smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,461/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 161 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.6% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
USA



apparently the same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,462/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 673* with tuberculosis & Covid-19, AS=27.6%

93* died: AS=24.7%

*calculated

Note: numbers in Table 3 don't agree

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,463/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 22,165 tested for antibodies, C=7% & F=50.2%

1,091 positive: C=6.3% & F=42.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,464/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 18115 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=14% & F=43.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,465/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 25 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with awake ECMO, 12% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,466/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 2,915* heart transplant recipients who died, S=16.8%*

430* Covid-19-related: S=17.2%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,467/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 278 treated with ECMO for Covid-19, CFS=14%

2,054 no ECMO (invasively ventilated): CFS=16.3% (16.1% reported)



current & former not reported separately, but 👇 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,468/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking
H=hookah
N=S+H+other nicotine

Of 101 with SARS-CoV-2 infection:
S=50.5%
H=6.9%
N=53.5%

102 healthy controls:
S=28.4%
H=9.8%
N=33.3%

Note: not specified if current or ever
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,469/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 1,888 who required oxygen while hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.8% were current smokers & 42.3% were ex-smokers

Note: weighted data

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,470/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 37 with new or worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms at least 3 months after COVID-19, S=5.4%

22 controls (without history of Covid-19): S=59.1%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,471/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified...)

Of 364 kidney transplant recipients or with chronic kidney disease hospitalized w/ Covid-19, S=11%

240 non-severe: S=9.2%
124 severe: S=14.5%
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,472/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 660 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.6% & P=84.5%

58 intubated: C=1.7% & P=82.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,473/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 366 UNRWA employees with Covid-19, 19.1% were current smokers & 3.6% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,474/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 5,680 who survived Covid-19, 20.4% were current smokers & 11.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,475/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 17,373,850 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=5.1% & X=9.2%

301,115 with long Covid: C=4.3% & X=10.3%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,476/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 1,990 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.9% were current smokers & 30.8% were former smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37955022/
New Jersey, USA (adult smoking rate was 10.7% in 2021)



same patients

researchsquare.com/article/rs-349…
8,477/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 601 health care workers, CS=5.5%

72 with Covid-19 reinfection: CS=2.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-359…
8,478/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 482 hospitalized with Covid-19, 47.3% had a history of smoking

researchsquare.com/article/rs-354…
8,479/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 58 with cancer & Covid-19, A=44.8% & X=8.6%

65 without cancer hospitalized with Covid-19: A=43.1% & X=7.7%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,480/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 13 with Covid-19, zero were smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,481/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 425 who tested positive for Covid-19, 35.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,482/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 223 in ICU with Covid-19, S=16.6%

148 died: S=21.6% (21.1% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,483/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 26 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=34.6%

29 close contacts who tested negative: S=31%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,484/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 64 hospitalized with Covid-19, 28.1% had a history of smoking

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,485/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 119 hospitalized due to Covid-19 pneumonia, 10.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,486/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 406 with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection, 59.1% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,487/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 83 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42.2% were past or present smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,488/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 521 ankylosing spondylitis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 37% were ever smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,489/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 118 who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia and had mild COVID-19 infection within 1 month, 23.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,490/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 111 in ICU with Covid-19, S=30.6%

26 with delirium: S=26.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,491/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 94 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia & discharged alive, 4.3% were current smokers & 38.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,492/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 195 who survived Covid-19 & had any musculoskeletal pain complaint that did not exist before diagnosis, 17.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,493/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 43 with Covid-19 ARDS treated with ECMO, zero were active smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-359…
8,494/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 191,492 veterans diagnosed with Covid-19, 16.1% were current smokers & 41.9% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,495/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 5,197 age 65+, S=63.7%

2,210 infected by Covid-19: S=68.2%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37987276/
8,496/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 347 who survived Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 23.9% were ever smokers

Of 343 of them, 19.5% were snuff users (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37998283/
8,497/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 198 hospitalized with Covid-19, 42.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,498/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,296 with non-severe Covid-19, 10.5% were current smokers

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
8,499/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 1,332 still alive 2 years after being hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.2% & F=8.5%

740 with long Covid at 2 years: C=7.6% & F=8.1%

thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
8,500/

Connecticut, USA (adult current smoking rate was 11.1% in 2021)

Of 16,545 who tested positive for Covid-19, 10% were tobacco users & 37.2% had quit

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,501/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 90 with a history of Covid-19, S=36.7%

60 with long Covid: S=30%



suspiciously similar 👇

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,502/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 452 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.2% were former or current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-365…
8,503/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 2,444 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 3.3% were smokers & 38% were ex-smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,504/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 647 with long Covid, C=8.8% & X=28.6%

68 mild: C=8.8% & X=14.7%
380 moderate: C=10.5% & X=30%
199 severe: C=5.5% & X=30.7%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,505/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

Of 240 cancer patients with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 5% were current smokers & 12.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,506/

North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 524 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=9%

84 with post-Covid condition: CS=13.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,507/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 91 with Covid-19 treated with ECMO in ICU, 12.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,508/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 1,293 health care workers (~85% female) with Covid-19, 3.7% smoked in the 12 months before the pandemic

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,509/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 429,195 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24.4% were current smokers & 38.5% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,510/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 748 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, "158 (21.1%) had history of cigarette smoking"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,511/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 14 SARS-CoV-2-positive surgery patients, AS=28.6%

24 SARS-CoV-2-negative surgery patients: AS=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,512/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 133 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with venous thromboembolism, S=11.3%

399 matched controls (hospitalized with Covid-19 without VTE: S=0

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,513/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 116 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, AS=30.2% or 31%

48 with acute kidney injury: AS=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,514/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.7% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,515/

Lebanon (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 34.3% in 2020)

Of 463 hospitalized for Covid-19, 20.7% were smokers & 2.8% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,516/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 17 with Covid-19, 11.8% were current smokers & 52.9% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,517/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 198 in ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia, S=16.7%

119 with cardiac injury: S=19.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,518/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 29 Covid-19 patients who required oxygen, 27.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,519/

Burkina Faso (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.5% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 3,957 adults tested for antibodies, C=7.4% & F=5.8%
2,692 positive: C=6.7% & F=6%

1,202 age 10-18 tested: C=0.7%
828 positive: C=0.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,520/

India

A study of the possible relationship between tobacco use (smoked & smokeless) and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Unfortunately, the reporting is too inadequate to reach informative conclusions

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38026726/
8,521/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 95 with post-Covid-19 symptoms, "17 (17.9%) patients had a history of chronic smoking"

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38023660/
Image
8,522/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 12,032 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=10.6% & F=42.8%

2,415 positive: C=8.5% & F=44.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38019869/
Image
8,523/

China (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 47.8% in 2020)

Of 61 men with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 55.7% had a history of nicotine use

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,524/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 2,328 hospital workers tested for antibodies, C=7.9% & F=28%

323 positive: C=4.3% & F=26.6%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38031155/
Image
8,525/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 153 with axial spondyloarthritis & Covid-19, 3.9% were active smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38031143/
8,526/

UK, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, and Germany

Of 1,294 with cancer diagnosed with Covid-19, 45.1% were former or current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38029831/
8,527/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

cigarette smoking: A=active, F=former

Of 1,212 age 60+ still alive 2 years after being hospitalized with Covid-19, A=7.6% & F=1.3%

790 non-severe: A=7.9% & F=1.5%
422 severe: A=7.1% & F=0.9%

Continued
8,527a/

An additional 943 hospitalized with Covid-19, A=5.8% & F=1.8%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,528/

Germany (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.1% in 2020)

Of 5,405 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 4% smoked during pregnancy

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,529/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,159 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.6% were active smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,530/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 630 with chronic hepatitis B, S=16.2%

405 with Covid-19: S=14.1%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,531/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking, Q=quit

Of 5,776 adults, S=21.5% & Q=6%

~3,161* with Covid-19 infection: S=20.8%* & Q=6.2%*

*calculated

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,532/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 486 with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=18.5%

88 asymptomatic: CS=27.3%
398 symptomatic: CS=16.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,533/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 1,330 diagnosed with Covid-19, 22.5% were regular smokers (not clear if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,534/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 388 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,535/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 816 with exacerbations of COPD associated w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=14% & X=73.2%

3,038 w/ ECOPD associated w/ other infections: C=21.9% & X=66.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,536/

New York State, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

Of 266 with acute kidney injury while hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were discharged alive, 4.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,537/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 20 hospitalized for COVID-19 who refused to participate in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, 5% was a current smoker

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,538/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 74,203 hospitalized with Covid-19, 8.5% were current smokers & 39.3% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,539/

Nepal (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2020)

Of 1,459 who died Covid-19-related deaths, "826 (56.6%) were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,540/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 232 in ICU with Covid-19, 15.1% had a smoking history

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,541/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 73 with Covid-19 ARDS, "Only 2% of patients were smokers"

Notes:

2% of 73 is 1.46
not specified if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,542/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 811,052 diagnosed with Covid-19, 22.9% were smokers (apparently current)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,543/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 821 age 75+ hospitalized with signs of acute respiratory disease tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=5.5% & X=61.9%

176 positive: C=6.8% & X=53.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,544/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 199 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,545/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current?)

Of 413 with symptoms of acute respiratory illness tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=3.9%

250 positive: S=96.4% (undoubtedly an error; probably 3.6%)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,546/

Australia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13% in 2020)

Of 386 in ICU with Covid-19, 13% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Australia



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,547/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 66 in ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3% were current smokers & 4.5% were former smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,548/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 140 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 20.7% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever



However 👇 researchsquare.com/article/rs-364…
Image
8,549/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 99 (61 were active soldiers) with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistent pulmonary symptoms, 21.2% were current smokers & 17.2% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,550/

Illinois, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12% in 2021)

CS=current cigarette smoker

Of 40 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=5%

40 healthy controls: CS=5%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,551/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 346 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=21.1%

223 non-severe: SH=21.1%
123 severe: SH=21.1%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,552/

(apparently) Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

CPS=current or previous smoker

Of 117 hospitalized w/ Covid-19 & discharged alive, CPS=41%

87 with post-acute sequelae: CPS=46%
32 mild: CPS=28.1%
55 severe: CPS=56.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,553/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 1,181 with abdominal symptoms associated with Covid-19, 23.2% were smokers & (apparently) 26.3% were ex-smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,554/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 678 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 43.5% were former or current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,555/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 182 hospitalized with respiratory failure, SH=44%

84 with Covid-19: SH=41.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,556/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 62 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 22.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,557/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 440 (105 with opium use disorder) hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=22.5%

34 died: CS=20.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,558/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 514 infected with Covid-19, 8.9% were smokers & 2.1% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,559/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 95 hospitalized with Covid-19, "Sixteen (16.8%) of the patients were active smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,560/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 7,187 hospitalized with Covid-19, N=8.7%

11,266 hospitalized with influenza: N=10.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,561/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 72 with Covid-19 pneumonia, 37.5% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-370…
8,562/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 33.5% in 2020)

ET=ever tobacco use

Of 788 hospitalized with Covid-19, ET=18.4%

367 mild: ET=11.7%
232 moderate: ET=20.7%
162 severe: ET=28.4%
27 critical: ET=29.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,563/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 32 with long Covid, 6.3% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,564/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

Of 463 with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome, 3.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
8,565/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 232 Covid-19 patients intubated & mechanically ventilated in ICU, 5.6% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,566/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 594 in ICU with Covid-19, S=0.8%

320 died: S=0.6%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,567/

Of 2,445 who survived Covid-19 infection, 16.6% were smokers (6.5% regular, 10.1% occasional)



countries 👇 researchsquare.com/article/rs-373…
Image
8,568/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 60 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 10% were current smokers & 30% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-371…
8,569/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 113 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 27.8% had a smoking history

researchsquare.com/article/rs-369…
8,570/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 88 with COPD & Covid-19, C=11.4% & F=62.5%

12 died: C=16.7% & F=50%

"at a large Midwestern academic medical center"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,571/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 309 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=12%

89 with anosmia: S=11.2%
112 with hyposmia: S=10.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,572/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 118 hospitalized with Covid-19 with suspected pulmonary embolism, 5.1% were current smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,573/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 43 who experienced increased hair shedding within 4 months of contracting COVID-19, "All patients denied concurrent smoking."

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,574/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 58 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 8.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,575/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 138,073 survey respondents, CS=16.7%

102,645 with Covid-19: CS=14.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,576/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=recent smoking

Of 3,465 survey respondents, S=9.6%

2,823 with Covid-19: S=9.6%

642 with post-Covid-19 condition: S=9.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,577/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

CFS=current/former smoker

Of 45 in ICU with severe Covid-19, CFS=33.3%

23 died: CFS=30.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,578/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 999 who tested positive for Covid-19, "10% reported they currently were smokers"

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,579/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 120 with SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 months prior to receiving elective thoracoscopic lung surgery, 45% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,580/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoke (not specified if current or ever)

Of 123 in ICU with respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, S=34.1%

36 with COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis: S=33.3%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,581/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 30 who survived mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=50%

46 uninfected controls: S=45.7%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,582/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 602 with multiple sclerosis tested for antibodies, C=22.3% & F=20.8%

134* positive: C=17.9%

*calculated due to missing data

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,583/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N-nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 36,962 w/ a burn injury (≤20% total body surface area), N=11.1%

740 diagnosed w/ Covid-19 within 1 day before or after injury: N=18.9%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,584/

Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

Of 341 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.1% were current smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-370…
8,585/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 1,001 who tested positive for Covid-19, S=6.6% & F=11.5%

775 with long Covid: S=7.4% & F=11.6%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,586/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 574 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=9.1% % F=13.4%

322 non-severe: C=7.8% & F=15.5%
252 severe: C=10.7% & F=10.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-374…
8,587/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoking, O=old smoker

Of 351 with Covid-19, S=2.6% & O=5.7%

168 hospitalized: S=3% & O=7.7%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,588/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 8,188 with Covid-19 deemed to be at low risk of progression to severe disease, AS=2.6%

458 progressed to severe disease: AS=1.1%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,589/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 659 treated with HFNC while hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,590/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 372 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=4% & F=2.7%

72 ICU: C=4.2% & F=1.4%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,591/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 7,039 undergraduate university students, CS=10.2%

658 diagnosed with Covid-19: CS=10.5%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Image
8,592/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 55 with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, "3.64% (n = 2) were active smokers, and 30.91% (n = 17) were past smokers"

researchsquare.com/article/rs-372…
8,593/

Sweden (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use (SM=smoking, SN=snus)

Of 418,975 age 23+, T=20% (SM=8.5% & SN=11.3%)*

50,504 diagnosed with Covid-19: T=20% (SM=6.8% & SN=12.9%)

*text & table disagree

Continued
8,593a/

2,367 hospitalized: T=15.9% (SM=6.2%, SN=9.5%)

246 ICU: T=17.9% (SM=6.9% & SN=11.4%)

221 died: T=9% (SM=4.5% & SN=59.3%): obviously an error here



not supported by the data 👇 ssph-journal.org/articles/10.33…
Image
8,594/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,472 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21.7% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-375…
8,595/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 44 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, CXS=6.8%

29 ICU: CXS=6.9%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,596/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 196 with olfactory dysfunction associated with Covid-19, 12.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

smj.org.sa/content/43/12/…
8,597/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 237 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.5% were current smokers (2.6% reported)

smj.org.sa/content/44/7/6…
8,598/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 85 who were hospitalized for any reason after recovery from acute Covid-19, 14.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.lww.com/lungindia/full…
8,599/

Turkey (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 291 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=6.9%

282 mild-moderate: S=6.4%

9 severe-critical: S=22.2%

smj.org.sa/content/44/3/2…
8,600/

Brazil, Philippines & USA

Of 149 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 4% were current tobacco users & 26.8% were former tobacco users

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
8,601/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 518 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=13.6%

167 with post-Covid-19 condition: CS=11.3%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,602/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 29 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=27.6%

22 with dyspnea: S=22.7%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-375…
8,603/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 110 with lymphoma & SARS-CoV-2 infection, ES=36.4%

16 hospitalized: ES=56.3%

6 severe/critical: ES=50%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
8,604/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 726,140 with Covid-19, C=10% & F=20.2%

~79,039* hospitalized: C=11.9%* & F=31%*
~21,245* critical care: C=10.2%* & F=32.7%*

Continued
8,604a/

~8,491* mechanically ventilated: C=10.5%* & F=34.2%*

~12,438* died in hospital within 60 days: C=7.5%* & F=40%*

*calculated due to missing data

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA…
8,605/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 21 with pneumothorax within 60 days of being diagnosed with Covid-19, 19% were current smokers & 57.1% were ex-smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,606/

Costa Rica (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.9% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, X=ex

Of 884 with Covid-19, A=7.6% & X=31.7%

1,714 matched population-based controls (~21.5% with history of SARS-CoV-2 infection): A=13.2% & X=26.5%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/…
8,607/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, F=former smoker

Of 2,193 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=7.7% & F=41.5%

114 with new-onset atrial fibrillation: S=7% & F=44.7%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/12/…
8,608/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 308 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, 1.6% were current smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,609/

Mozambique (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently ever)

Of 6,068 with possible Covid-19 (includes children), S=4.2%

79 confirmed: S=6.3%

986 tested for antibodies: S=6.6%
183 positive: S=6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,610/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 295 who survived Covid-19, 32.9% were smokers & 32.2% were past smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-383…
8,611/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 721 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.9% were active smokers & 33.3% were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-384…
8,612/

Tanzania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.7% in 2020)

Of 1,368 hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-350…
8,613/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 11.5% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of ~16,161 with SARS-CoV-2 around the time of giving birth, CS=14.5%

~9,100 asymptomatic: CS=17%
~4,778 mild: CS=13.1%
~2,282 moderate to severe: CS=7.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-378…
8,614/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 108 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma, AS=16.7%

48 with Covid-19: AS=18.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-375…
8,615/

Louisiana, USA (adult current smoking rate was 16.7% in 2021)

CPT=Current or previous tobacco use

Of 456 hospitalized with Covid-19, CPT=30.7%

269 non-severe: CPT=36.1%
187 severe: CPT=23%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-377…
8,616/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine consumption (not clear when)

Of 651 health care workers, N=18%

509 with Covid-19: N=17.1%

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,617/

Latvia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.3% in 2020)

Of 41 hospitalized with Covid-19, 7.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,618/

USA (female current smoking age 18+ was 11.9% in 2021)

Of 89,312 females age 18 to 49 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.6% were current tobacco users

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,619/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 54* who survived severe ARDS associated with COVID-19 & requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 7 days, 11.1% were current or former smokers

*calculated

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,620/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 120 hospitalized for Covid-19, C=0.8% & P=50%

matched controls:
125 hospitalized for other reasons: C=16.8% & P=48%
100 healthy: C=9 & P=38

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,621/

Guinea (adult smoking rate was 12.8% in 2009)

Of 345 with Covid-19, 39.7% had a smoking habit (not specified if current or ever)

ajol.info/index.php/ahs/…
8,622/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 5,543 with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=37.5%

5,543 matched controls without CKD hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=30.7%

scholarlycommons.hcahealthcare.com/hcahealthcarej…
Image
8,623/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 52 melanoma patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=19.2%

45 asymptomatic/mild: S=20%
7 moderate/severe/critical: S=14.3%

mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/1…
8,624/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 51 w/ mild Covid-19, 37.3% were current smokers

"...19% reported smoking, which did not correlate with any breathing difficulties during the disease" (probably 19, not 19%)

cureus.com/articles/22035…
8,625/

Democratic Republic of the Congo (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.6% in 2020)

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19, 1.9% had a history of smoking

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hs…
8,626/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 72 with Covid-19, S=52.8%

74 with tuberculosis: S=73%

mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1…
8,627/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 725 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, CS=7.3%

375 non-severe: CS=5.8%
350 severe: CS=8.8%

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1…
8,628/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 18 previously hospitalized for COVID-19 who underwent inpatient rehabilitation for functional deficits resulting from C-19, 5.6% was an active smoker & 61.1% were previous smokers

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1…
8,629/

USA & "another country"

SH=smoking history

Of 1,070 with suspected Covid-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2, SH=27.8%

240 positive: SH=20%

Note: most authors from Taiwan

escholarship.org/uc/item/2096p8…
8,630/

India (est. current tobacco use age 15+ was 26.9% in 2020)

Of 50 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 38% were smokers & 24% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

dovepress.com/the-influence-…
8,631/

Turkey (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 669 who were *not* infected with SARS-CoV-2, S=39.3%

2,289 random controls (may or may not have been infected): S=39.8%

spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mi.202…
8,632/

Colorado, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.7% in 2022)

TV=Tobacco use and/or vaping nicotine (within 1 year)

Of 4,235 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, TV=9.5%

80 reinfected: TV=5%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,633/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 512 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, CS=12.7%

435 non-severe: CS=13.6%
77 severe: CS=7.8%

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,634/

Czech Republic & Slovakia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% & 30.1% in 2020)

AS=active cigarette smoking

Of 652 with asthma diagnosed with Covid-19, AS=7.2%

522 mild: AS=7.3%
104 moderate: AS=8.7%
26 severe: AS=0

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/11/1/e…
8,635/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 121 who survived Covid-19, CS=1.7%

75 with long Covid at 24 months: CS=1.3%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,636/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 499 hospitalized with Covid-19, ES=21.4%

92 died within 1 year: ES=22.8%

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,637/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

Of 85 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, 15.3% were active smokers

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,638/

Egypt (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.1% in 2020)

Of 249 who survived Covid-19, 16.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

thieme-connect.de/products/ejour…
Image
8,639/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=previous

Of 1,108 who survived Covid-19, C=15.1% & P=13.5%

320 with post-acute Covid-19: C=14.7% & P=13.4%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21…
8,640/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)
Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 156 in ICU with respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2, 6.4% were current smokers & 35.3% were former smokers

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rc…
8,641/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 928 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.7% had a smoking history

ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ct…
8,642/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 289 with Covid-19, S=9.7% & X=18.7%

207 mild: S=10.6% & X=16.9%
43 moderate: S=7% & X=16.3%
29 severe: S=10.3% & X=41.4%

cureus.com/articles/20670…
Image
8,643/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 143 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cureus.com/articles/20843…
8,644/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 43 in ICU with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, 18.6% had a history of smoking

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,645/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 105 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 20% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,646/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 258 who survived Covid-19, CS=8.1%

134 with long Covid: CS=4.5%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,647/

Argentina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,146 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=5.1%

933 died: S=5.4%

journals.plos.org/globalpubliche…
8,648/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 124,937 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=10.7%

1,510 with post-Covid-19 condition: S=4.6%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,649/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 4,746* hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 20.8% were current smokers

*calculated due to apparent missing data

thrombosisjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,650/

Thailand (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.4% in 2020)

Of 996 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

turkjgastroenterol.org/en/correlation…
Image
8,651/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 243 who survived Covid-19, 49.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,652/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 590 hospitalized for Covid-19, 30.8% were current or former smokers and/or vapers

nature.com/articles/s4146…
8,653/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 75 hospitalized with Covid-19 who required supplemental oxygen, 57.3% had a smoking history

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,654/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,806 who survived Covid-19, SH=35%

403 with long Covid: SH=25.8%

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Image
8,655/

Japan (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% in 2020)

Of 12 (all male) in ICU with Covid-19 who required mechanical ventilation & developed pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum, 33.3% had a smoking history

jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,656/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 232,945 hospitalized for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, S=20.9%

3,155 with Covid-19: S=10.6%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
8,657/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 517 hospitalized with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12.8% were habitual smokers (not specified if current or ever)

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
8,658/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 7,428 infected with SARS-CoV-2, 8.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,659/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 296 maintenance hemodialysis patients infected with COVID-19, "21.3% of the patients had a history of smoking"

medsci.org/v21p0277.htm
8,660/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 217,734 survey respondents, S=16.7% & X=18.5%

1,024 reported COVID-19 quarantine or self-isolation: S=16.8% & X=17.3%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,661/

Singapore (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.8% in 2020)

Of 23 hospitalized with Covid-19 with ongoing oxygen therapy and rehabilitative needs post infection, 8.7% were active smokers & 21.7% were ex-smokers

archives-rrct.org/article/S2590-…
8,662/

Texas, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 13.1% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 802 cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19, C=2.9% & F=36%

239 hospitalized for Covid-19: C=2.5% & F=41%

131 severe: C=1.5% & F=48.9%

25 died: C=0 & F=40%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ca…
8,663/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 211,619 hospitalized for Covid-19, S=26.8%

983 with acute pericarditis: S=23.7%

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JA…
8,664/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 4,778 Covid-positive veterans who had surgery, C=38.5% & F=47.6%

journals.lww.com/annalsofsurger…
8,665/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

AS=active smoking

Of 162 who survived Covid-19, AS=16%

108 with post-acute sequelae: AS=11.1% (12% reported)

217 uninfected controls: AS=61.3%

paijournal.com/index.php/paij…
8,666/

China (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 2.1% in 2020)

Of 610 women of reproductive age with Covid-19, 3.9% were current smokers & 3.6% had quit

dovepress.com/effect-of-covi…
8,667/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 278 with (long Covid) cardiac symptoms after COVID-19 infection, 3.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/1…
8,668/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

ES=ever smoking

Of 579 with Covid-19, ES=18.3%

197 with influenza: ES=17.3%

cureus.com/articles/20502…
8,669/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 511,319 tested for SARS-CoV-2, C=12.9% & P=1.5%

258,371 positive: C=11% & P=1.5%

mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/2…
8,670/

Israel (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.8% in 2020)

Of 42 hospitalized with Covid-19, 9.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2…
8,671/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

Of 100 with Covid-19, 30 were smokers: 19 light, 9 moderate & 2 heavy (not specified if current or ever)

mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/1…
8,672/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (≥1 cigarette/day)

Of 403 tested for antibodies, S=16.6%

165 positive: S=11.5%

mdpi.com/2073-4468/12/4…
Image
8,673/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 49 liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.1% were active smokers & 14.3% were ex-smokers

canlivj.utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/ca…
8,674/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 151 hospitalized with Covid-19, HS=19.9%

54 non-severe: HS=9.3%
97 severe: HS=25.8%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,675/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 644 with Covid-19, 14.9% were current smokers & 20.3% had a history of smoking

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,676/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 77 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=19.5% & F=33.8%

Note: error in Table 1

mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8967…
8,677/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020; female=1.2%)

Of 39 breast cancer survivors (1 male) with Covid-19, 17.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

mjiri.iums.ac.ir/article-1-8544…
8,678/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 92 with Covid-19, 4.3% were current smokers (4.4% reported)



Suspiciously similar to 8,218 but some numbers different

journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/ms…
8,679/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (past 30 days)

Of 289 older adults in nursing homes tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=16.3%

98 positive: S=17.3%

scielo.br/j/reeusp/a/B9J…
8,680/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)



same patients

~395 asymptomatic: CS=14.7%
~449 symptomatic: CS=15.8%

ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ST…
8,681/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 287 hospitalized with Covid-19-related pneumonia, S=31.8%

50 died: S=78%

journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/vol51/…
8,682/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 224* with confirmed or probable Covid-19, S=29.5%

102 confirmed: S=20.6%
122 probable: S=36.9%

journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/vol51/…
8,683/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 7,769 age 35 to 65, C=18.1% & X=7.4%

474 with Covid-19: C=11.6% & X=10.5%



👎 bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Image
8,684/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 223 SARI patients in ICU, S=39%

83 with Covid-19: S=38.6%
22 with influenza: S=35.3%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ir…
8,685/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 100 who survived Covid-19, S=13 & X=4

80 dysosmic: S=15% & X=3.8%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/li…
8,686/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

CFS=current/former smoking

Of 1,129 with cancer & SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFS=23.6%

231 died from Covid-19: CFS=29%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,687/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

tobacco smoking: C=current, E=current or previous

Of 371 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=8.4% & E=36.4%

390 hospitalized for other reasons: C=9.2% & E=46.7%

mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/1…
8,688/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 75 who had surgery after previous Covid-19, 2.7% were current smokers

cureus.com/articles/20840…
8,689/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 10 with post-acute sequelae of Covid-19-associated angina & evidence of microvascular dysfunction, 40% were former smokers. Evidently zero were current smokers

hindawi.com/journals/crp/2…
8,690/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 95 seeking treatment at a periodontal clinic, S=48.4%

24 with a history of Covid-19: S=62.5%

scielo.br/j/bdj/a/tYZ7r5…
8,691/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

Of 30 who died with Covid-19, 46.6% were prior or current smokers

journals.lww.com/kidney360/full…
8,692/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 76 hospitalized with Covid-19, 46.1% were previous or current smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,693/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 185 in ICU with severe Covid-19, C=30.3% & X=11.4%

46 died: C=41.3% & X=8.7%

mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/1…
8,694/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 142 in ICU with respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, "39 (27.5%) of the patients were smokers" (not specified if current or ever)

journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/vol52/…
8,695/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

HC=history of cigarette

Of 268 with Covid-19, HC=3.4%

58 died: HC=1.7%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,696/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 858 hospitalized with Covid-19, 10.3% were current tobacco smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38146416/
8,697/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

N=nicotine use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 87 with cognitive dysfunction associated with post-Covid syndrome, N=14.9%

47 healthy (uninfected) controls: N=23.4%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,698/

(mostly or entirely) USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

N=nicotine dependence (not specified if current or ever)

Of 5,278,476 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, N=3.9%

bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,699/

Switzerland

"Cigarette smoking had a significant effect over all time periods studied on SARS-CoV-2 infection...(aOR = 0.49 [0.41,0.59])"

"...smoking more cigarettes per day being associated with a greater reduction in infection risk"

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-ar…
8,700/

Taiwan (smoking age 18+ was 14.5% in 2017)

S=smoker (not specified...)

Of 65 with cancer and Covid-19-associated acute respiratory failure, S=30.8%

40 died: S=42.5%

150 with Covid-19-associated acute respiratory failure without cancer : S=22%

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,701/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 72 with Covid-19 & stroke, HS=11.1%

42 died: HS=14.3%

bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,702/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 56 with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder & Covid-19, 12.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ii…
8,703/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 248 with mild COVID-19 who visited a post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic, 32.7% were ever smokers

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
8,704/

Austria (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 77 in ICU with acute respiratory failure associated with Covid-19, 14.3% had a history of smoking

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,705/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

PS=present smoking

Of 2,856 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, PS=7.4%

525 hospitalized: PS=5.7%

eurosurveillance.org/content/10.280…
8,706/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,690 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=17.8%

828 with myocardial injury: S=20.3%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,707/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 602 with long Covid, 13% were smokers & 37.9% were ex-smokers

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,708/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 1,572,815 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=25.5%

22,230 with pneumothorax: SH=19.6%



same patients

researchsquare.com/article/rs-385…
8,709/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 32 with long Covid, 21.9% were former smokers (the rest were never smokers)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jg…
8,710/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 1,667 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=8.4%

200 progressed to severe or worse: CS=7%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,711/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 136 admitted to a Covid-19 isolation & treatment center, HS=14.7%

22 with parasitic infections: HS=22.7%



same patients

hindawi.com/journals/bmri/…
8,712/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 918 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=7.2% & P=21.4%

407 with post-Covid conditions: C=7.6% & P=20.9% or 21.1% (error in Table 1)

jammi.utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/ja…
8,713/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 598 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=7.4% & F=2.5%

144 progressed to severe Covid-19: C=6.3% & F=2.8%

jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/8…
8,714/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 142 with adult-onset Still's Disease with confirmed (111) or suspected (31) Covid-19, SH=1.4%

131 mild: HS=1.5%
11 moderate or severe: HS=0

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,715/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,547 hospitalized due to Covid-19, 7.2% were current smokers & 23.1% were former smokers

dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,716/

Europe

Of 79 with sarcoma & Covid-19, 34.2% were former or current smokers

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…
8,717/

Of 816,960 age 65+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 29% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

"Compared with the non-dementia cohort, those with COVID-19 and dementia exhibited lower percentages in smoking..."

mdpi.com/2308-3417/9/1/7
8,718/

Pennsylvania, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 21 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection within 60 days before & 30 days after receiving surgery from the elbow to the fingers, 33.3% were smokers (not specified...)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,719/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 232 ICU patients, S=15.1%

129 with Covid-19: S=10.9%

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,720/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 206 with Takayasu's arteritis, S=4.9%

163 with Covid-19 infection: S=3.1%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,721/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 79 who died with Covid-19, 26.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,722/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 60,518 with Covid-19, ES=31.6%

300 with newly diagnosed interstitial lung disease: ES=38.3%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,723/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 2,726 survey respondents, S=18.7%

2,332 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=17.8%
824 with depression: S=23.8%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,724/

Rhode Island, USA (adult current smoking rate was 12.4% in 2021)

Of 112 with active or historical malignancies diagnosed with COVID-19, 48.2% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-387…
8,725/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 57 mechanically ventilated with severe or critical Covid-19, C=12.3% & X=12.3%

32 with pulmonary fibrosis: C=9.4% & X=6.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-386…
8,726/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 95 in ICU with Covid-19, 30.5% were active smokers & 5.3% were ex-smokers

jag.journalagent.com/sislietfaltip/…
Image
8,727/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 266 mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, SH=22.2%

29 with probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, SH=34.5%

thorax.bmj.com/content/79/1/75
8,728/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 168 hospitalized Covid-19 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, SH=23.8%

168hospitalized Covid-19 patients without pulmonary aspergillosis: SH=11.9%

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,729/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently history)

Of 500 with bronchiectasis, S=25.8%

406 with Covid-19: S=26.1%

39 emergency care and/or hospital admission: S=35.9%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
Missing from 8,717

*USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

8,730/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40 age 18 to 50 hospitalized with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, S=5%

12 died: S=8.3%

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,731/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

TA=tobacco abuse 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 56,510 hospitalized for Covid-19, TA=5%

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/os…
8,732/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: E=ever, C=current

Of 48 who survived Covid-19, E=35.4%
21 with breathing difficulties: E=47.6%

Of 47 of the same people: C=6.4%
20 with breathing difficulties: C=5%

physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/p…
8,733/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

CPS=current or past smoking

Of 112 kidney transplant recipients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, CPS=32.1%

91 mild: CPS=27.5%
21 severe: CPS=52.4%

mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/1…
8,734/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

DS=daily smoking

Of 312 hospitalized with Covid-19, DS=3.2%

fmch.bmj.com/content/12/1/e…
8,735/

Spain & Andorra (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% & 29.1% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified..)

Of 368 with post-Covid condition, S=7.1%
203 mild: S=8.9%
165 hospitalized: S=4.8%
82 ICU: S=4.9%

123 healthy controls: S=23.6%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,736/

Macau, China (smoking rate was 10.6% in 2022)

Of 976 with Covid-19 in quarantine hotels, 18.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cmjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,736/

Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)

CS=current smoking

Of 81 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CS=16% (24.07% reported)

68 non-severe: CS=0
13 severe: CS=100%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,737/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

Of 125 with Covid-19, 13.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03…
8,738/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 118 in ICU for severe Covid-19 pneumonia, S=14.4%

73 with right ventricular injury: S=12.3%

annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
8,739/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,008 CDC employees with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=16%

371 reinfected: SH=11.9%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,740/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 116 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia, 7.8% were smokers & 41.3% were ex-smokers

spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.20…
Image
8,741/

Latvia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 31.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 49 with ulcerative colitis, C=22.4% & X=61.2%

14 with Covid-19: C=14.3% & X=35.7%

mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/1…
8,742/

Oman (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 468 who survived Covid-19, S=0.2%

207 health care workers with mild Covid-19: S=0.5%

261 others hospitalized: S=0
53 ICU: S=0

omjournal.org/articleDetails…
8,743/

Tunisia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 34 with post-acute sequelae after discharge from hospital with moderate or severe SARS-Cov2 pneumonia, 2.4% was a smoker (2.5% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

panafrican-med-journal.com/content/articl…
8,744/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 462 hospitalized with severe or critical COVID-19, 7.6%* were current smokers

*calculated

mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1…
8,745/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 445,132 survey respondents, C=12.8% & F=24.1%

124,313 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=10.1% & F=24%

mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1…
8,746/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=prior

Of 983 presumably never infected with SARS-CoV-2 when vaccinated, C=3.9% & P=39.3%

465 with breakthrough infection: C=2.4% & P=38.1%



Note ages 👇 mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1…
Image
8,747/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

Of 87 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "Only 9.2% of patients reported a history of or current tobacco smoking"

mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1…
8,748/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

s=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 181 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=20.4%

29 with venous thromboembolism: S=20.7%

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2…
8,749/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

X=ex-smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

Of 37 with asthma & infected with SARS-CoV-2 twice, X=70.3%

22 moderate: X=81.8%
15 severe: X=53.3%

Note: error in Table 1

mdpi.com/2075-4426/14/1…
8,750/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 269 intubated >7 days or with tracheostomy for respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2, C=10.4% & F=24.2%

24 with tracheal stenosis: C=4.2% & F=29.2%

mdpi.com/2075-4426/14/1…
8,751/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 194 age 80+ hospitalized sue to SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=7.7%

51 with acute kidney injury: S=2% (2.1% reported)

mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1…
8,752/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 990 survey respondents, S=28.4%

271 with long Covid: S=28.8%

Note: error in Table 1

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,753/

Indonesia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 32.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 512 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=6.8%

148 died: CS=8.1%

Note: error in Table 1

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,754/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

Of 122 hospitalized with Covid-19, 54.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2…
8,755/

Zimbabwe (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 9.1% in 2020)

CT=current tobacco use

Of 467 health care workers tested for SARS-CoV-2, CT=3.2%

166 positive: CT=2.4%

panafrican-med-journal.com/content/articl…
8,756/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S=smoker (not specified if current or ever)

Of 332 with fatigue while hospitalized with Covid-19 (all survived), S=19%

207 with fatigue 2 months later: S=21.3%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,757/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 581 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=49.2%

223 died: S=44.3%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,758/

Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 139 who survived Covid-19, 7.2% were smokers & 4.3% were former smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,759/

Ethiopia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 3.2% in 2020)

Of 337 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4.5% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-391…
8,760/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 100 who survived Covid-19, 8 were current smokers (4 daily, 4 occasional) & 39 were former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-389…
8,761/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 3,038 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.3% were smokers (14% reported)

Note: not specified if current or ever

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
8,762/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 297 with hematological diseases diagnosed with Covid-19, 5.1% were current smokers & 37.4% were former smokers

227 of the same people: 0 were current vapers & 0 were former vapers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,763/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 198 who recovered from Covid-19, ES=10.1%

118 mild: ES=11%
38 moderate: ES=7.9%
42 severe/critical: ES=9.5%

journals.plos.org/globalpubliche…
8,764/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 143 with Covid-19-related headache, S=13.3%

95 matched controls with Covid-19 vaccine-related headache: S=8.4%

neurologia.com/articulo/20230…
8,765/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

X=ex-smoking

Of 80 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, X=58.8%

37 died: X=70.3%

"It is strange to note that there were no smokers among patients in this study."

hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/443392
8,766/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of ~309,517* veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection or diagnosed with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 45.3%* were current or former smokers

*calculated

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,767/

Poland (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 68 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, S=2.9%

57 controls (pregnant & uninfected): S=0

…pregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,768/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 52 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 & discharged alive, 7.7% were smokers & 48.1% were former smokers

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,769/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 17 undergraduate medical students with long Covid, HS=0

18 matched uninfected controls (also undergraduate medical students): HS=0

cureus.com/articles/21729…
8,770/

Estonia (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18% in 2020)

S=smoking during pregnancy

Of 25,749 who gave birth, S=6.9%

1,546 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy: S=5.2%

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
8,771/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 509 with multiple myeloma diagnosed with Covid-19, 17.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ca…
8,772/

Alabama & Wisconsin, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.2% & 13.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current (E=every day, S=some days) & F=former

continued
8,772a/

Of 573 current & retired 3M employees, C=5.9% (E=2.8%, S=3.1%) & F=28.3%

111 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=8.1% (E=0.9%, S=7.2%) & F=26.1%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,773/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,134 with Covid-19 infection after bariatric surgery, 16.8% were current smokers & 15.3% were former smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,774/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 206 in ICU with Covid-19, 5.3% were active smokers & 14.1% were ex-smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,775/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

XNS=ex- or never smokers

Of 90 still alive 2 years after being hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia & acute respiratory failure, XNS=93.3%

continued
8,775a/

10 oxygen only: XNS=90%
46 CPAP: XNS=95.7% (97% reported)
34 invasive mechanical ventilation: XNS=91.2%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,776/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 225 with Covid-19, 28.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,777/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 68 hospitalized due to COVID-19 with pneumonia and/or associated respiratory failure, 11.3% were smokers & 29% were ex-smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,778/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 160 hospitalized for COVID-19, CS=3.1%

53 ICU and/or respiratory failure: CS=5.4% (6% reported)

rpthjournal.org/article/S2475-…
8,779/

Jordan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.2% in 2020)

CXS=current or ex-smoker

Of 317 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, CXS=41%

cureus.com/articles/20891…
8,780/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking (as of 2016 or 2020): C=current, F=former

Of 865,759 survey respondents, C=14.8% & F=42%

2,710 died of Covid-19: C=8.5% & F=62.6%



Authors clearly didn't like results pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38302746/
Image
8,781/

Kazakhstan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.9% in 2020)

Of 15 hospitalized with severe Covid-19 diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular events, 26.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,782/

Kosovo (adult current cigarette smoking was 36.4% in 2019)

S=current smoking

Of 282 with multiple sclerosis, S=24.5%

272 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=23.9%

154 asymptomatic: S=27.3%
107 mild: S=18.7%
6 moderate: S=33.3%
5 severe: S=20%

medscimonit.com/abstract/full/…
8,783/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CPS=current or past smoking

Of 19,558 diagnosed with Covid-19, CPS=17.7%

4,101 hospitalized: CPS=26.1%
1,185 ICU: CPS=22.3%

bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
Colombia: updated & peer-reviewed version It's ever smoking.



bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,784/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 379,929 survey respondents, CS=12.1%

117,632 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CS=9.9%

26,152 with long Covid: CS=12.3%

Continued
8,784a/

CE=current e-cigarette use

Of 381,201 respondents to the same survey, CE=5.4%

117,995 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: CE=6.9%

26,224 with long Covid: CE=7.6%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,785/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 11,718 with SARS-CoV-2 infection with cough, CS=7.7%

4,388 with severe cough: CS=4.3%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38315527/
8,786/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 1,115 hospitalized with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=5.7%

536 with olfactory dysfunction: S=5.8%

521 with gustatory dysfunction: S=6.1%

thieme-connect.de/products/ejour…
8,787/

French Polynesia (current tobacco smoking age 25-64 was ~39% in 2010)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,120 age 18 to 69 tested for antibodies, S=40.6%

503 positive: S=37.2%

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,788/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 156 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=10.3%

9 died within 30 days: CS=0

17 died within 1 year: CS=11.8%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,789/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 27* w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 0 were current cig smokers & 0 were current vapers

Of 29* w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10.3% had a history of cig smoking

*calculated

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,790/

Denmark (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.5% in 2020)

Of 285 hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.3% were active smokers & 37.5% were previous smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-393…
8,791/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 8,701 tested for antibodies, C=19.6% & F=12.8%

3,006 positive: C=18.8% & F=12.1%

Countries: 🇨🇦🇨🇴🇦🇪🇨🇱🇦🇷🇵🇱🇲🇾🇵🇭

journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/sp…
Image
8,792/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 131 renal transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SH=22.1%

100 of them with pneumonia: SH=24

journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/sp…
8,793/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 903 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, "Only 18(2.0%) of the patients were current smokers." 4.1% were ex-smokers

pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms…
8,794/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,563* symptomatic individuals age 60+ tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=17.3%*

835* positive: S=17.6%*

Continued
8,794a/

467* mild: S=13.5%
368* moderate to severe: S=22.8%

*calculated

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,795/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 191,041 veterans with Covid-19 infection, 13.3% were current smokers & 44.9% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,796/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 110 with (non-severe) SARS-CoV-2 infection within 30 days before undergoing abdominal surgery, 20% had a history of smoking

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,797/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 378 tested for SARS-CoV-2 (mean age=75), S=7.4%

43 positive: S=2.3%

dovepress.com/risk-factors-f…
8,798/

Saudi Arabia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 292 individuals, S=23.6%

158 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=21.5%

dovepress.com/short-term-and…
8,799/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

DS=daily smoking

Of ~2,507* with SARS-CoV-2 infection, DS=7.1%

~576* with post-acute sequelae of Covid-19: S=6.6%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,800/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 204 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, 6% were active smokers

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,801/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 369 in ICU with Covid-19, 23.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.lww.com/annals-of-medi…
8,802/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 94 who survived critical illness with Covid-19, 7.4% were current cigarette smokers & 14.9% were former smokers (max 10 years)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,803/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking; Q=quit

Of 525 diagnosed with Covid-19, S=14.7% & Q=9.5%

109 hospitalized: S=11.9% & Q=17.4%

18 ICU: S=0 & Q=16.7%

11 died: S=0 & Q=0

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,804/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 167 hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=7.8%

~39* with ARDS: CS≈5.1%*

*calculated due to missing data



¯\_(ツ)_/¯. authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
Image
8,805/

United Arab Emirates (female tobacco smoking rate was 2.4% in 2018)

Of 123 in ICU due to symptoms of Covid-19 during pregnancy, "All patients were non-smokers."

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,806/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,890,367 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 86.1% were current or former smokers

(On reading the paper, I suspect this is an error, and it's actually 13.9%)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,807/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 585 with ongoing substantial physical and/or mental health sequelae 3 or more months after discharge from hospital with Covid-19, 2.1% were current smokers & 40.9% were former smokers

bmj.com/content/384/bm…
8,808/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 315 hospitalized for Covid-19, CS=43.8%

28 with new-onset diabetes: CS=42.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38336381/
8,809/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 500 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=11.8%

439 moderate: S=10.3%
61 severe: S=23%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-390…
8,810/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 849 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
8,811/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 549 hospitalized with Covid-19, 38.6% were ever smokers

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,812/

France (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 26.3% in 2020)

Of 165 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, 5.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,813/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 131 who survived Covid-19 pneumonia, C=7.6% & F=31.3%

21 moderate: C=4.8% & F=23.8%
82 severe: C=7.3% & F=35.4%
28 critical: C=10.3% & F=24.1%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14…
8,814/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 77 who survived an ICU stay, AS=15.6%

55 with Covid-19: AS=7.3%
22 without Covid-19: AS=36.4%

janesthanalgcritcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,815/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,050,045 hospitalized for Covid-19, 26.6% had a smoking history



Same source, same number of participants, but different smoking prevalence?

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
8,816/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 32 with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (unclear whether infected), C=6.3% (both regularly) & F=18.8%

31 with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: C=0 & F=29%

Continued
8,816a/

37 healthy controls with neither (some with history of infection): C=8.1% (all sometimes) & F=18.9%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,817/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 482 age 25 to 54 who tested positive for Covid-19, 14.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/journals/psych…
8,818/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 1,594 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.8% were current smokers or "e-smokers"🤦‍♂️

academic.oup.com/ofid/article/1…
8,819/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 50 with Covid-19, S=30%

49 uninfected controls hospitalized for other reasons: CS=44.9%

acta-endo.ro/Archive/Abstra…
Spain & Andorra

same patients

8,820/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, P=past

Of 157 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=3.2% & P=14.6%

58 ICU or died: C=3.4% & P=31%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,821/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking
D=daily or near daily
W=weekly
M=monthly
L=less than monthly

Of 3,120 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=14.3%
D=6.1%
W=1.7%
M=1.4%
L=4.7%

2,332 positive: S=14.2%
D=5.7%
W=2%
M=1.5%
L=4.8%

frontiersin.org/journals/publi…
8,822/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 60 hospitalized with Covid-19, 25% had a history of smoking

journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext…
8,823/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 309 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=13.9%

38 died: S=31.6%

ajol.info/index.php/mmj/…
8,824/

Alabama, USA (adult current smoking rate was 17.2% in 2021)

Of 929 with post-COVID pulmonary symptoms, 4.6% were current smokers & 26.8% were former smokers

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,825/

(mostly) Florida, USA (adult current smoking rate was 14.4% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 249,743 individuals, S=47.1%

43,557 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=43.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,826/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 106 mechanically ventilated in ICU with Covid-19, C=6.6% & X=17.9%

78 with pulmonary fibrosis: C=3.8% & X=19.2%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-395…
8,827/

Czech Republic (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 472 with hemato-oncological disease, S=16.5%

95 with Covid-19: S=13.7%

66 asymptomatic/mild: S=16.7%
29 moderate/severe/critical: S=6.9%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,828/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 4,170 hospitalized with Covid-19, 16.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
8,829/

Spain (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22% in 2020)

Of 110 with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or postpartum, 5.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ao…
8,830/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

Of 121 with moderate to severe respiratory distress associated with Covid-19, 6.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: 8% reported elsewhere in paper

cureus.com/articles/22084…
8,831/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 2,421 diagnosed with Covid-19, CS=7.3%
304 with post-Covid symptoms: CS=14.1%

age ≤12 excluded:
Of 1,536 with Covid-19, CS=11.5%
277 with symptoms: CS=15.5%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,832/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

Of 1,014 critically ill with Covid-19, 5.7% were active smokers & 10.8% were past smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-393…
8,833/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 332 Covid-19 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation, 62% had a smoking history

numbers calculated due to apparent missing data

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38374034/
8,834/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoking

Of 214 who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, AS=40.7%

95 with Covid-19: AS=33.7%

ejmanager.com/mnstemps/16/16…
8,835/

Scotland, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 14.8% in 2021)

Of 464 health care workers with long Covid symptoms, 4.5% were current smokers & 22% were previous smokers

academic.oup.com/occmed/article…
8,836/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

FCS=former or current smoking

Of 99 with severe asthma, FCS=31.3%

28 with Covid-19: FCS=28.6%

jaci-global.org/article/S2772-…
8,837/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (apparently current)

Of 2,617 survey respndents, S=20.7%

287 with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=23%

222 mild: S=19.8%
60 moderate-to-severe: S=33.3%

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,838/

Europe (mostly 🇫🇷 + 🇧🇪🇳🇴🇱🇺🇬🇷🇵🇹)

Of 223 hospitalized with Covid-19, 6.7% were current smokers

Note: percentage in Table 1 doesn't agree with reported number

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,839/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 252 hospitalized with Covid-19, 21.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,840/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

HS=history of smoking

Of 211,619 hospitalized for Covid-19, HS=26.8%

31,923 with atrial fibrillation: HS=32.4%



same patients: history wasn't specified here
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,841/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 617,010 veterans w/ Covid-19, C=16% & F=42.4%

87,108 hospitalized: C=18.9% & F=46.3%

42,258 (of 617,010) w/ acute kidney injury within 6 months: C=15.9% & F=49.2%

mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/2…
8,842/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 915 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.4% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)



Discussion is better than average 👇 resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-…
Image
8,843/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (past month)

Of 11,852 individuals, S=10.7%

638 with Covid-19 infection: S=10.7%

mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/2…
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, and Venezuela



same patients, but this ⬆️ one didn't specify if current or ever

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,844/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 238 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=36.6%

188 with long Covid: S=34.6%

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/4…
8,845/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 230 hospitalized w/ Covid-19, S=57.8%

94* with pneumonia: S=60.6%
64* oxygen: S=71.9%
12* mechanical ventilation: S=75%
12* died: S=75%

*calculated

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,846/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

SV="past and current smoking and/or vaping nicotine and/or marijuana products"

Of 168 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, SV=10.7%

54 with Covid-19: SV=9.3%

frontiersin.org/journals/endoc…
8,847/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 486 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 30% were current smokers

mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/2…
8,848/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

Of 141 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=21.3%

23 died: S=21.7%

journals.lww.com/md-journal/ful…
8,849/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 153 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 7.8% were current smokers & 9.8% were previous smokers

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,850/

Utah, USA (adult smoking rate was 7.3% in 2021)

S=smoking, Q=quit (both include passive)

Of 2,514 tested for Covid-19, S=3.5% & Q=16.1%

1,394 positive: S=3.4% & Q=15.9%

nature.com/articles/s4385…
8,851/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 217 (hospitalized?) with Covid-19, 38.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,852/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 91 age 40 to 65 who survived Covid-19, 4.4% were current smokers & 52.8% were ex-smokers

…nslational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,853/

United Arab Emirates (current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 14.8% in 2017)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 565 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=9% & F=14.5%

183 non-severe: C=13.9%
379 severe: C=7.1%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38407717/
Image
8,854/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 29 (15 with hematological malignancies) with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever; "history" appeared once)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-394…
8,855/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 32 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 56.3% were current or former smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-392…
8,856/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 137 maintenance hemodialysis patients with Covid-19, SH=30.7%

86 non-severe: SH=26.7%
51 severe: SH=37.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-397…
8,857/

Saudi Arabia (est. male current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.7% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 134 males age 18-50 with a history of unexplained infertility infected with Covid-19, S=58.2%

Continued
8,857a/

44 asymptomatic: S=54.5%
68 mild-to-moderate: S=58.8%
22 severe: S=63.6%

journals.lww.com/urol/fulltext/…
8,858/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 894 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 36.7% had a history of smoking

bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/11/1/e…
8,859/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 848 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=17%

1,964 matched uninfected controls: S=22.2%

aOR: 0.6 (0.4–0.8)

cambridge.org/core/journals/…
Image
8,860/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,915 who tested positive for Covid-19, 24.3% were smokers or former smokers (24.4% reported)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,861/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 97,775 veterans with Covid-19, C=9.7% & F=48.7%

93,680 matched controls (presumably never infected): C=13.2% & F=46.2%

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,862/

Maryland, USA (adult current smoking rate was 10.1% in 2021)

Of 116 who underwent prolonged intubation for Covid-19, 24.1% had a smoking history

…-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1177/01…
8,863/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 126 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 45.3% had a smoking history

tuberktoraks.org/managete/fu_fo…
8,864/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 15 w/ pulmonary fibrosis associated w/ severe or critical Covid-19, S=20% & X=33.3%

15 matched controls (severe or critical Covid-19, no PF): S=20% & X=20%
tuberktoraks.org/managete/fu_fo…
8,865/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 31 post-Covid-19 patients who received pulmonary rehablitation, "Eleven (35.4%) of our patients were non-smokers, the remaining 20 (64.5%) were ex-smokers"

tuberktoraks.org/managete/fu_fo…
8,866/

France & Serbia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 37.6% in 2020)

Of 675 with mild Covid-19, 17.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,867/

Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2021)

HT=history of smoking or tobacco use

Of 303 with post-acute sequelae of Covid-19, HT=20.5%

1,566 with Covid-19, but without PASC: HT=5.2%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,868/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking, U=used to

Of 4,757 with Covid-19, S=8.5% & U=2.7%

600 with long Covid: S=8.5% & U=3.2%

authorea.com/doi/full/10.22…
8,869/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 89 with persistent lung inflammation or the development of pulmonary fibrosis while recovering from acute Covid-19, 6.7% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

researchsquare.com/article/rs-397…
8,870/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,926 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, T=13.2%

1,195 with at least one symptom at 3 months: T=13.7%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,871/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 400 with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who underwent pulmonary resection surgery, 19.8% were smokers & 9% used to smoke

journals.lww.com/international-…
8,872/

Korea (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 5.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 10 females age 19 to 44 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=zero

35 uninfected females age 19 to 44: S=20%

journals.lww.com/md-journal/ful…
8,873/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 131 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=9.2%

89 with abnormal left ventricular global longitudinal strain: S=7.9%

openheart.bmj.com/content/11/1/e…
8,874/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

Of 134 hospitalized with Covid-19 who were treated with high flow nasal cannula, 11.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,875/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 347 malnourished adults age 65+ diagnosed with Covid-19, 37.8% had a history of smoking

dovepress.com/predicting-cov…
8,876/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 7,065 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.6% were current smokers & 17.3% were former smokers

ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
8,877/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

Of 30,490 hospitalized with Covid-19, 34.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cell.com/med/fulltext/S…
8,878/

Greece (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.9% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 137 with Covid-19, CS=13.1%

51 mild: CS=19.6%
86 severe: CS=9.3%

72 health controls: CS=18.1%

mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/5…
8,879/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history (current smoking in 2018–2020)

Of 8,431,781 with Covid-19, SH=11.1%

10,763 critical: SH=4.6%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
Texas, USA

full paper



ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,880/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 71 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, S=12.7% & X=33.8%

23 with psychological distress at discharge: S=39.1% & X=17.4%

mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/5…
8,881/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 72 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, C=1.4% (10% reported) & X=25%

30 with exertional dyspnea 12 months later: C=3.3% & X=30%

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5…
USA



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,882/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 324 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 21.6% were current smokers

dovepress.com/a-three-year-c…
8,883/

Colorado, USA (adult tobacco smoking rate was 12% in 2021)

S=Smoker (Tobacco/Vape/Marijuana 🙄)

Of 170 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=18.2%

83 positive: S=13.3%

iopscience.iop.org/article/10.108…
8,884/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 17,454,971 individuals, C=17.9% & F=34.2%

1,106,057 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=14% & F=34.8%

Continued
8,884a/

later the same year (2021):

15,969,418 individuals: C=17.3% & F=34.9%

981,303 diagnosed with Covid-19: C=13.5% & F=37.9%

nature.com/articles/s4146…
8,885/

Pakistan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 194 diagnosed with Covid-19, 12.9% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)



SMH cureus.com/articles/22827…
Image
8,886/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 70 hospitalized with Covid-19 & new-onset hyperglycemia & discharged alive, S=4.3%

54 with hyperglycemia at 6 months: S=3.7%

ajtmh.org/view/journals/…
8,887/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current (O=often, o=occasional), F=former

Of 998 diagnosed with Covid-19, C=20.8% (O=15.5%, o=5.3%) & F=1.8%

42 severe: C=31% (O=19%, o=11.9%) & F=2.4%

bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,888/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 9,001 hospitalized with Covid-19, 3.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,889/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

FCS=former or current smoker

Of 1,091 hospitalized with Covid-19, FCS=22.8%

178 with bacterial co-infection: FCS=24.2%
110 with bacterial secondary infection: FCS=28.2%

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,890/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 470 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=10%

235 moderate: S=4.3%
166 severe: S=13.9%
59 critical: S=23.7%

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15…
8,891/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 52 hospitalized with Covid-19, 36.5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,892/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 204 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

icm-experimental.springeropen.com/articles/10.11…
8,893/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 95 who survived Covid-19, S=5.3%

72 hospitalized (23 ICU): S=0

jogh.org/2024/jogh-14-0…
8,894/

Iraq (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.9% in 2020)

Of 300 with olfactory dysfunction associated with mild or moderate Covid-19, 18.7% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cureus.com/articles/22887…
8,895/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

CS=current smoker

Of 124 with T2 diabetes hospitalized with Covid-19, CS=7.3%

9 with acute diabetic complications: CS=22.2%

frontiersin.org/journals/endoc…
8,896/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 390 survey respondents who reported a past Covid-19 diagnosis, S=8.5%

191 with long Covid: S=7.9%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,897/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

CFS=current or former smoking

Of 42 in ICU with Covid-19-induced ARDS, CFS=26.2%

45 in ICU with influenza A-induced ARDS: CFS=31.1%

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,898/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

Of 92 recovering from severe Covid-19, "only one patient had a history of smoking" (1.1%)

journals.lww.com/ijom/fulltext/…
8,899/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 44 ambulatory patients with Covid-19, 22.7% were smokers (stated once as "smoking history" & once as "current smoker")

nature.com/articles/s4146…
8,900/

Qatar (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16.2% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 828 in ICU with Covid-19 ARDS, S=7.6% & X=8.5%

663 with high triglycerides level: S=7.1% & X=8.1%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,901/

Uganda (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 4.7% in 2020)

S=cigarette smoking (not specified...)

Of 169 who arrived at a refugee transit centre uninfected with SARS-CoV-2, S=7.7%

42 left infected: S=2.4%

(DRC smoking=8.6% in 2020)

journals.plos.org/globalpubliche…
8,902/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

Of 75 with persistent respiratory complaints following COVID-19 infection, 1.3% was a current smoker

Of 74 of the same patients, 37.8% were ex-smokers

journals.lww.com/aotm/fulltext/…
8,903/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 155 in ICU due to Covid-19 pneumonia, S=21.9%

48 died in hospital: S=39.6%

10 more died within 1 year: S=30%

journals.lww.com/aotm/fulltext/…
8,904/

Virginia, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 12.4% in 2021)

Of 5,504 hospitalized as a result of COVID-19, 34.3% were current smokers

cureus.com/articles/22077…
8,905/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 53,924 individuals, S=19.1%

44,992 infected with SARS-CoV-2: S=17.9%

13,587 utilized health services: S=15.9%

…alth-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,906/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 37,709 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.2% were current smokers & 26.6% were former smokers

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,907/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 40 kidney transplant recipients hospitalized for Covid-19, 5% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aa…
8,908/

Nepal (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 5.6% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoker (not specified...)

Of 3,732 women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, S=0.8%

630 said unrecovered: S=0.2%

2,463 matched controls (tested negative): S=0.6%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,909/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,286,775 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=33.5%

atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/An…
8,910/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 10 in ICU with fungal infection associated with Covid-19 & ARDS, 30% were current smokers

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
8,911/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 158 in ICU with Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers & 16.5% were ex-smokers

respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,912/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 271 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, S=29.5%

98 with abnormal CT at 6-month follow-up: S=38.8%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,913/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 30 with new-onset chronic musculoskeletal pain since COVID-19 infection, 3.3% was an active smoker

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,914/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 273 in ICU with severe Covid-19, 21.6% were current or past smokers



Same patients?

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,915/

Earth (current smoking age 15+ was ~19.2% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 8,732* with hematological malignancies diagnosed with Covid-19, SH=11.2%

980* died: SH=20.1%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
8,916/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=ever (apparently former)

Of 613 with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, C=3.8% & E=9.6%

463 with Covid-19: C=3.5% & E=9.7%

frontiersin.org/journals/immun…
8,917/

Massachusetts, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 10.6% in 2021)

Of 915 hospitalized with Covid-19, 12.8% were current tobacco users

hindawi.com/journals/ah/20…
8,918/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 601 with immune-mediated rheumatic disease, S=4.3%

321 with Covid-19: S=3.4% (3.7% reported)

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,919/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

S=smoker, X=ex-smoker

Of 5,194 tested for SARS-CoV-2, S=10.7% & X=39.8%

687 positive: S=7.7% & X=39.9%

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
8,920/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 58 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 57% were active or former smokers (58% reported)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,921/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 2,188 hospitalized with Covid-19, SH=10.1%

a subset of 1,531: SH=10%
152 died: SH=14.5%

journals.lww.com/cmj/fulltext/2…
8,922/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 14 with post-Covid syndrome, 7.1% was a current smoker & 50% were former smokers

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,923/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 21 hospitalized with Covid-19, 23.8% were current smokers

frontiersin.org/journals/micro…
8,924/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16.9% were smokers (not clear if current or ever)

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,925/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 1,057 hospitalized with Covid-19, 18.3% were current smokers & 37.7% were ex-smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bj…
8,926/

Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2021)

Of 873 who died in hospital of Covid-19, 28.3% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,927/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,388 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive, 7.4% were current cigarette smokers & 9.7% were former cigarette smokers

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ir…
8,928/

Ohio, USA (adult current smoking rate was 18% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 80 who survived Covid-19, CS=30%

80 controls (never infected): CS=58.8% (53.4% reported)

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,929/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 200 with Covid-19, SH=15.5%

102 with persistent post COVID-19 effects at 3 months: SH=17.6%

35 with persistent post COVID-19 effects at 6 months: SH=20%

journals.lww.com/lungindia/full…
8,930/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 130 hospitalized for Covid-19 pneumonia & discharged alive, SH=46.2%

27 with post-Covid-19 sequelae: SH=51.9%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,931/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=tobacco smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,045 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2infection, S=29.4%

186 mild: S=29%
568 moderate: S=28.5%
291 severe: S=31.3%

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,932/

Canada (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.5% in 2020)

Of 254 hospitalized with Covid-19, 4.3% were current smokers & 35.8% were former smokers

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,933/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

smoking: F=frequent, R=reformed

Of 833 hospitalized with Covid-19, F=3.7% & R=13.1%

90 with fever: F=1.1% & R=16.7%

cureus.com/articles/22223…
8,934/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 2,919 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, "approximately 25.0% were smokers"



Apparently the same patients

researchsquare.com/article/rs-411…
8,935/

Korea

Far too many data to report here

CC=combustible cigarette
NCTP=e-cigarettes & HTPs

"Current CC smokers and current users of any tobacco product showed reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization."

jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
Image
8,936/

Of 169 with sarcoidosis & Covid-19, 7.1% were active cigarette smokers

Not stated where; authors from Michigan, USA (current smoking age 18+ was 17% in 2021)

mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/sarc…
8,937/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

Of 90 with persisting symptoms 3 to 6 months after acute Covid-19, 3.3% were current smokers & 53.3% were ex-smokers

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,938/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 9,548 age 18 to 65 who survived Covid-19, C=10.4% & F=26.5%

1,213 with low work ability 9 to 12 months after infection: C=12.5% & F=32.2%

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,939/

Egypt (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 0.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 500 females age 18 to 55 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=3.2%

307 with hair disorders: S=0

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,940/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 100 in ICU with Covid-19 treated with acute kidney replacement therapy, S=15

93 died: S=15 (16.1%)

scielo.br/j/jbn/a/fdRhcj…
8,941/

England, UK (est. current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13% in 2021)

Of 91 hospitalized with Covid-19-related SARI & discharged alive, 8.8% were current smokers & 36.3% were former smokers

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e…
8,942/

Sri Lanka (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=within the past 6 months, F=not within the past 6 months

Of 104 age 35 to 74 hospitalized with Covid-19, C=22.1% & F=48.1%

104 uninfected controls: C=14.4% & F=67.3%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-396…
8,943/

Netherlands: same patients. This one says smoking status was missing for 9 of them.

So, of 35 hospitalized with Covid-19, active smoking=1 (2.9%) & past smoking=48.6%



mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/3…
8,944/

Finland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 94 on anti-CD20 mAb therapy with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7.4% were current smokers & 36.2% were ex-smokers

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
Image
8,945/

Japan (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 17.9% in 2020)

Of 3,157 hospitalized with Covid-19, 13.3% were current smokers

mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/3…
Image
8,946/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 3,426 without comorbidities who survived Covid-19, 8.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

Note: smoking & obesity weren't considered comorbidities

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/6…
8,947/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 132 atopic individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 42.2% were never smokers

mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3…
8,948/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 437 with post-Covid-19 syndrome, 16.7% were smokers & 6.2% had quit

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,949/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

PS=previous smoker (current smoking not mentioned)

Of 42 who survived Covid-19, PS=19%

29 with long Covid: PS=17.2%

mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3…
8,950/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 104 with post-COVID-19 chronic cough, 2.9% were current smokers & 4.8% were former smokers

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,951/

France (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

HT=history of tobacco use

Of 466 with Covid-19, HT=30.5%

281 with olfactory dysfunction: HT=32.7%

mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3…
8,952/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 115 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (48), pulmonary fibrosis (55) or sarcoidosis (12) with a history of Covid-19, 14.8% were former smokers (current smoking not mentioned)

mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3…
8,953/

Romania (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.7% in 2020)

Of 578 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 68.5% were regular smokers (occasional smokers were counted as non-smokers)

mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/3…
Image
8,954/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 706 age 18 to 59 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), S=6.1%

483 with long Covid at 3 months: S=5.6%

Continued
8,954a/

86 reinfected before 6 months: S=3.5%

Of the other 620, S=6.5%
317 of them with long Covid at 6 months: S=7.3%

frontiersin.org/journals/publi…
8,955/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 234 household contacts of people with SARS-CoV-2 infection: S=29.9%

87 infected: S=41.4%

mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/3…
8,956/

Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 19.6% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, X=ex

Of 257 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=40.1% & X=5.8%

155 with long Covid: C=43.2% & X=5.2%

an error?

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
8,957/

Massachusetts, USA (adult female smoking rate was 9.5% in 2021)

T=tobacco use during pregnancy

Of 276 who gave birth, T=3.3%

149 with Covid-19 during pregnancy: T=2%

academic.oup.com/jcem/article-a…
8,958/

Zambia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.8% in 2020)

T=tobacco use (not specified if current or ever)

Of 4,572* deceased individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2, T=22.9%

252* positive: T=15.9%

*calculated due to apparent missing data

journals.plos.org/globalpubliche…
8,959/

UK (current cigarette smoking age 18+ was 13.3% in 2021)

Of 5,588 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6.6% were current smokers & 35% were former smokers

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
8,960/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

Of 5,890 who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5.4% were current smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38564248/
8,961/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 5,433 with a history of diabetes & Covid-associated ARDS, 1.6% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38562915/
8,962/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020; male smoking=26.4%)

NS=never smoker

Of 218 individuals tested for antibodies, NS=56.9%

19 positive: NS=68.4%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-416…
Image
8,963/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

ES=ever smoking

Of 1,005 with systemic lupus erythematosus & SARS-CoV-2 infection (94.5% female), ES=7.1%

2,125 "healthy" controls with SARS-CoV-2 infection (34.4% female): ES=34.5%

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,964/

Poland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.7% in 2020)

Of 119 with inflammatory bowel disease & asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

termedia.pl/Assessment-of-…
8,965/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

CS=current smoking Of 174 age 65+ hospitalized for Covid-19 & discharged alive, CS=25.9%

77 with reduced cognitive performance at follow-up: CS=16.9%

e-agmr.org/journal/view.p…
8,966/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 180,753 with acute respiratory failure associated with SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19, 3.5% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,967/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 762 who survived Covid-19, 15.1% were current or previous cigarette smokers

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38572864/
8,968/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.9% in 2020)

Of 408 hospitalized with moderate-to-critical Covid-19 & discharged alive, 23.3% were current or ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-416…
8,969/

Bangladesh (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 18.6% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,507 who survived Covid-19, S=18.2%

563 with long Covid: S=18.5%

bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,970/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 206 with long Covid, 35.9% were ex-smokers. Current smoking wasn't mentioned, but it appears to be 19.4%.

frontiersin.org/journals/publi…
8,971/

Bosnia and Herzegovina (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 35.5% in 2020)

Of 347 in ICU with Covid-19-associated ARDS, 7.8% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

cureus.com/articles/23121…
8,972/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, E=ever (i.e. former)

Of 557 with Covid-19, C=2.9% & E=5%

454 mild/moderate: C=2.2% & E=3.1%
103 severe/critical: C=5.8% & E=13.6%

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,973/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 588,611 with Covid-19, 41.9% were smokers (apparently ever)

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
8,974/

India (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.1% in 2020)

Of 30 with non-severe Covid-19, zero were smokers

jcvtr.tbzmed.ac.ir/Article/jcvtr-…
8,975/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 39 with COPD & Covid-19, C=89.7% & F=5.1%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-395…
8,976/

Sweden & Germany (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% & 19.6% in 2020)

Of 34 hospitalized for severe COVID–19 with moderate to severe ARDS, 2.9% was a smoker (not specified if current or ever)

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
8,977/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 155 hospitalized with severe Covid-19, SH=35.5%

55 died: SH=38.2%

dovepress.com/factors-associ…
8,978/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 176 who survived Covid-19, 2.8% were current smokers & 30.7% were ex-smokers

preprints.org/manuscript/202…
8,979/

Vietnam (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.8% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 394 who survived Covid-19, CS=9.1%

301 with at least one post-Covid symptom: CS=7.9% (apparently; error in Table 5)

jpmph.org/journal/view.p…
8,980/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 477 with Covid-19 (non-hospitalized), 10.1% were smokers (apparently current?)

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
8,981/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

SH=smoking history

Of 210 hospitalized with heart failure, SH=42.4%

128 with Covid-19: SH=40.6%

spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.20…
8,982/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 214 with Covid-19, S=25.7%

149 healthy controls: S=26.8%

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,983/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 178,122 veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 13.5% were current smokers & 44.3% were former smokers

jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…
8,984/

China (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 25.3% in 2020)

Of 1,227 with mild-to-moderate Covid-19, 0.8% were heavy smokers (not specified how heavy or if current or ever)

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
8,985/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

Of 87 critically ill in ICU due to pneumonia associated with Covid-19, 11.5% were ever smokers

accjournal.org/journal/view.p…
8,986/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

Of 4,082 who required maintenance dialysis diagnosed with COVID-19, 0.8% were tobacco users (not specified if current or ever)

journals.lww.com/kidney360/full…
8,987/

South Africa (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.2% in 2020)

Of 109 hospitalized with Covid-19 & discharged alive 16.5% had smoked in the 2 weeks prior to hospitalization & 3.7% were past smokers

thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
Virginia, USA



same patients

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
8,988/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

smoking: A=active, P=previous

Of 117 in ICU because of Covid-19, A=3.4% & P=53%

34 died: A=2.9% & P=61.8%

researchsquare.com/article/rs-404…
8,989/

Switzerland (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 23.5% in 2020)

Of 36 with acute encephalopathy associated with Covid-19, 22.2% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,990/

Norway (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 16% in 2020)

Of 189 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 47.1% were current or previous smokers

bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
8,991/

Mexico (est. female current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 6.2% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 17,340 tested for SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, S=1.8%

5,122 positive: S=1.8%

bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/4/e…
8,992/

Netherlands (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 10,717 who survived SARS-CoV-2, C=4.3% & F=26.8%

1,625 controls (tested negative): C=7.6% & F=31%

2,668 uninfected controls: C=5.8% & F=21.6%

cell.com/heliyon/fullte…
8,993/

Chile (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 11 with Covid-19, S=27.3%

10 uninfected close contacts: S=20%

mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7…
8,994/

(apparently) Minnesota, USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.4% in 2021)

tobacco use: C=current, F=former

Of 79 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, C=12.7% & F=40.5% (self-reported)

When tested for serum cotinine, 19% were positive. However...

Continued
8,994a/

However, they used a low threshold (3.75 ng/mL). When the standard 10 ng/mL is applied, C=13.9%

"Nobody reported using vaping as a source of nicotine"

To authors (if they see this): there are more ways to consume nicotine than tobacco & vaping

mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7…
8,995/

Italy (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 21.2% in 2020)

Of 524 with diabetes hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 27.3% were cigarette smokers (not specified if current or ever)

mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/7…
8,996/

Colombia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 8.5% in 2020)

AS=active smoker

Of 112 with Covid-19, AS=6.3%

56 hospitalized: AS=5.4%

nature.com/articles/s4159…
8,997/

Kuwait (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 22.3% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified...)

Of 50 with SARS-CoV-2 infection, S=1 (2%)

39 non-severe: S=0
11 severe: S=1 (9.1%)

27 controls (hospital employees, presumed uninfected): S=63%

academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/arti…
8,998/

Hungary (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 29.3% in 2020)

Of 490 hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11.2% were chronic tobacco users (not defined)

link.springer.com/article/10.100…
8,999/

Brazil (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 13.1% in 2020)

Of 1,061 with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (non-hospitalized), 10.2% had a history of smoking

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
9,000/

Korea (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.1% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 3,175 hospitalized with Covid-19, S=4.4%

920 hospitalized with influenza: S=5.9%

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38622937/
9,001/

Iran (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 10.2% in 2020)

HS=history of smoking

Of 37 with non-small cell lung carcinoma, HS=89.2%

17 with Covid-19: HS=88.2%

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
9,002/

USA (current smoking age 18+ was 14.4% in 2021)

T=tobacco use disorder 🙄 (not specified if current or ever)

Of 1,416,990 hospitalized with Covid-19, T= 25.9%

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
9,003/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

Of 208 hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, 17.3% were current smokers & 28.4% were prior smokers

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
9,004/

Spain (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 24.5% in 2020)

Of 1,192 age 80+ hospitalized with Covid-19, 2.3% were smokers & 23% were ex-smokers

researchsquare.com/article/rs-410…
9,005/

Belgium (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 20.4% in 2020)

smoking: C=current, F=former

Of 35 recreational athletes with SARS-CoV-2 infection, C=0 & F=14.3%

18 asymptomatic/mild: F=5.6%
17 moderate/severe: F=23.5%

frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
Image
9,006/

UK (female current tobacco smoking age 18+ was 11.5% in 2021)

CS=current smoking

Of 16,127 w/ SARS-CoV-2 infection 7 days before to 2d after giving birth, CS=14.6%

9,080 asymptomatic: CS=17%
4,763 mild: CS=13.1%
2,284 moderate/severe: CS=7.8%

nature.com/articles/s4146…
9,007/

Türkiye (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 30.5% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 40 with Covid-19, S=45%
20 ICU: S=40%
20 asymptomatic: S=50%

40 controls without Covid-19: S=30%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
9,008/

Malaysia (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 28.7% in 2020)

CS=current smoking

Of 609 health care workers (73.4% female) who survived Covid-19 infection, CS=1.8%

309 with post-acute Covid syndrome: CS=1.9%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
9,009/

Sweden (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 15.3% in 2020)

Of 124 in ICU with Covid-19, 33.1% were smokers (not specified if current or ever)

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20…
9,010/

Mexico (est. current tobacco smoking age 15+ was 12.9% in 2020)

S=smoking (not specified if current or ever)

Of 2,909,453 with Covid-19, S=6.9%

227,873 died: S=7.6%

Continued
9,010a/

When children excluded (assuming all were non-smokers)

2,752,729 with Covid-19: S=7.3%
227,146 died: S=7.6%

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
Image

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More from @phil_w888

Phil Profile picture
May 23, 2021
1/4
My story:

I smoked for a number of years. I liked it. I didn't want to quit, but for years I thought I should. I tried cold turkey, gum, patches. Didn't work for even a day.
2/4
I first heard about e-cigarettes late in 2009. I looked into them, but saw that ecigs containing nicotine were not legal in Canada. I knew they wouldn't work without nicotine, so I forgot about them.
3/4
In 2014 I saw this CBC piece. Nicotine vaping was a possibility after all. I didn't know anyone who vaped & the nearest vape shop was over 200 km away. I researched. A lot.

cbc.ca/news/canada/ne…
Read 4 tweets
Phil Profile picture
Mar 26, 2021
1/4
This is a Big Tobacco vaping cell study.

To me it's more trustworthy than the Tobacco Control or body parts group or NIH-funded vaping cell studies which are published on a regular basis.

Why? Read this short thread.

journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.11…
2/4
They were clear about what device and liquid was used, including the pertinent specs.

They were clear about the puffing regimen, including using realistic length & volume of puffs, and they reported air flow (very important).
3/4
They compared the effects to the effects of cigarette smoke.

They were realistic about the limitations of cell studies and didn't make broad generalizations about all vaping products.
Read 4 tweets
Phil Profile picture
Mar 25, 2021
1/
I watched this so you don't have to.

A thread:

2/
This got off to an extremely weak start. The middle of this century stuff is a complete cop-out, and it completely ignores the fact that much is known already.

It did improve, however.

clivebates.com/vaping-tobacco…
3/
Khara seemed to have a good handle of the state of the evidence most of the time. To me, the notion that e-cigarettes should only be a last resort looks unethical though.

Underrated point: most conclusions about vaping are based on what's known about smoking. Bad idea imo.
Read 6 tweets
Phil Profile picture
Jul 11, 2020
A compilation of preprints, peer-reviewed studies, and datasets documenting SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 patients' smoking status - only the ones with at least 1000 patients.

h/t @ChaunceyGardner for the idea
1/
USA (adult current smoking rate was 13.7% in 2018)

Of 7162 confirmed cases, 1.3% were current smokers (CS) & 2.3% were former smokers (FS)

Of hospitalized patients, CS=2% & FS=4%

Of patients admitted to ICU, CS=1% & FS=7%

2/
New York City, USA (adult smoking was 13.4% in 2017)

Of 4,103 confirmed cases, 5.2% were current tobacco users (CTU) & 16.2% were former tobacco users (FTU)

Of 1,999 of them who were hospitalized, CTU=5.2% & FTU=20.8%

note: unknown counted as never

medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Read 143 tweets
Phil Profile picture
Apr 19, 2020
1/4
So far all existing data show smokers are underrepresented in Covid19 hospitalization data

2 studies from the US

1. medrxiv.org/content/10.110…

2.
2/4
13 studies from China

qeios.com/read/article/5… Image
3/4
Germany
aerzteblatt.de/archiv/213454

France
fr.calameo.com/read/006217578… Image
Read 455 tweets

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