A thread on Kargil Skirmish 1999
Disclaimer: No Pakistani/Indian source has been consulted to produce this. Moreover, political aspect has been avoided to minimize polarization
Disclaimer: No Pakistani/Indian source has been consulted to produce this. Moreover, political aspect has been avoided to minimize polarization
Casus belli / Why it happened?
1. Siachen incursion in 1984 by India which can termed as an annexation by all cannons of int. law
2. Neelum Valley Road which runs along LOC subject to shelling which disrupts the artery of whole AJK
1. Siachen incursion in 1984 by India which can termed as an annexation by all cannons of int. law
2. Neelum Valley Road which runs along LOC subject to shelling which disrupts the artery of whole AJK
3. Preventive defense as window of opportunity was closing down due to widening conventional asymmetry
4. Heightened insurgency in Kashmir
4. Heightened insurgency in Kashmir
How?
In line with the principle of "uti possidetis", which says "as you possess so you shall continue to do so" ; intention was to capture an 'undemarcated' area under the umbrella of Nuclear deterrence which will minimize escalation.
In line with the principle of "uti possidetis", which says "as you possess so you shall continue to do so" ; intention was to capture an 'undemarcated' area under the umbrella of Nuclear deterrence which will minimize escalation.
The plan
Limited probe in Kargil heights to inderdict NH1-A highway which supplies Siachen and Ladakh using asymmetrical means with NLI soldeirs disguised as freedom fighters. This will eventually stir up Kashmir insurgency as well as lead to relocation of troops
Limited probe in Kargil heights to inderdict NH1-A highway which supplies Siachen and Ladakh using asymmetrical means with NLI soldeirs disguised as freedom fighters. This will eventually stir up Kashmir insurgency as well as lead to relocation of troops
Presumptions: India will accept these limited incursions as fait accompli after winter sets in and there wont be any horizontal or vertical escalation
What happened?
Intrusions were made into 5 sectos namely Dras, Kaksar, Batalik, Chorbat La, Mushkoh.
What happened?
Intrusions were made into 5 sectos namely Dras, Kaksar, Batalik, Chorbat La, Mushkoh.
The whole incursion was 65 miles in depth and 5-6 miles in width.
Heavy Indian suffering in the first phase as troops were entrenched in high altitude
India conventionalized an unconventional conflict by Vertical escalation: Navy , Airforce , Two additional divs .....
Heavy Indian suffering in the first phase as troops were entrenched in high altitude
India conventionalized an unconventional conflict by Vertical escalation: Navy , Airforce , Two additional divs .....
Results?
-India took back Tololing sector by middle of June ( 1/5 sector)
-By 11 July, 40% posts lost, 2.5/5 sectors held by Pakistani troops
-Int. condemnation
-Beijing never took any side
-US tilted towards India
-India took back Tololing sector by middle of June ( 1/5 sector)
-By 11 July, 40% posts lost, 2.5/5 sectors held by Pakistani troops
-Int. condemnation
-Beijing never took any side
-US tilted towards India
Nawaz - Clinton meeting : Precondition for that meeting was that Pak will withdraw its troops and restore status quo ante. Nawaz was sent off by Mushi to an uninvited meeting with Clinton on July 4. Subsequently, Pk agreed to withdraw. As per Gen Anthony Zinni- Commander CENTCOM,
both Mushi and Nawaz acceded to the withdrawl which started from July 12.
Most of Pakistani casualties occurred when they were descending down the hill
Official figs on Indian side: 471 dead, 1060 wounded
Pak side : 97~400 dead
Most of Pakistani casualties occurred when they were descending down the hill
Official figs on Indian side: 471 dead, 1060 wounded
Pak side : 97~400 dead
Faults:
1. Damaging for Pak's nuclear credentials
2. Int. credibility and kashmir cause
3. Mission creep: Our men overextended themselves which meant weak internal lines and exposed defenses
4. Poor logistical support,tactical level planning
5. No planning done to hold territory
1. Damaging for Pak's nuclear credentials
2. Int. credibility and kashmir cause
3. Mission creep: Our men overextended themselves which meant weak internal lines and exposed defenses
4. Poor logistical support,tactical level planning
5. No planning done to hold territory
6. Poor civil mil coordination
7. Oblivious to Global Geopolitics
8. Abysmal crisis management
9. Plan was envisaged by 4 men i.e COAS, CGS, X Corps Commander, Commander FCNA. Airforce got to know of Kargil on 12 June
7. Oblivious to Global Geopolitics
8. Abysmal crisis management
9. Plan was envisaged by 4 men i.e COAS, CGS, X Corps Commander, Commander FCNA. Airforce got to know of Kargil on 12 June
