You can apply to many schools and get admission with little or no funding, especially in the USA, Australia, and Canada.
A. Professors usually receive grants and funds from the school or organisations. These funds are in thousands or millions of dollars.
B. There is an annual school ranking by different organisations, and part of the ranking is the research output (measured by the number of papers published and citations per year) of that school. For example,
D. If you are thinking of a career in Academics, especially after PhD, publication is non-negotiable.
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