Without having some understanding of पंचकोश model (from Upanishad) or त्रिविध शरीर model (from Sankhya and Yoga) of an individual one can't make much sense of Varnashram.
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At present (due to 200 years of western education and scientific developments) a Hindu's understanding of an individual is that of what's called Charvak understanding in Hindu philosophy ie a human is nothing but made up of matter.
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It's from this level Varnashram is understood and criticized by present-day Hindus. Do a proper Purva-Paksha of Varnashrama before denouncing it. At present, the Purva-Paksha used to denounce and reject it is that of PAdre-Indologist.
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Even Arya-Samaja (and all Hindu social movements that arose during mid 19th to 20th century) have used the same Padre Purvapaskha.
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