The reason for this pluralism is that countries differ in how many % a parties must at least get to have any seats. Most countries impose an artificial limit, called election threshold. Netherlands does not.
US Naval Academy: "a white applicant with a 5% chance of admission would have a 50% chance if evaluated as Black, and more than 70% of Black admits would not have been admitted under a race-neutral system"
Whites the most systematically discriminated against race.
The usual SAT gaps among applicants.
US military looks like other publicly funded institutions. A jobs program for non-Whites.
Americans are super fat, so many people look for explanations for this, usually something USA-specific like seed oils, or corn syrup.
Americans have some race differences too, but they aren't that large. The White Americans are quite fat by themselves, only Asians drag the mean down.
Maybe it's due to money. Americans are rich. Yes, but the plot worldwide looks like this. There's just about no relationship between median income (or GDPpc) after covering basic necessities.
Can Europe learn from Ghana? Buried on Wikipedia is a 3 sentence part about how Ghana deported 20% of the population -- 3 million people -- all the non-Ghanans. And it only took 3 months. The "Ghana Aliens Compliance Order" (GACO)
This website provides the history. It begins, of course, with economic migration since Ghana was the gold coast. In fact, these migrants were going into a British colony, probably for the usual reasons of wanting to live under European domain: rule of lawand prosperity.
European rule eventually declined, and just after they left (1957), the economy goes bad. At least, so they say, but it doesn't look that way until 1970s by GDP stats.
In Germany, non-German students (anyone with "migration background") get lower grades and test scores.
Due to their politics, teachers are expected to have some bias towards girls, minorities, low-SES etc. students. So do they? The authors find that, yes, they do.