The first chapter is Surah Al fatiha (called also as (The opening).
The last chapter is Surah Naas.
These Chapters are classified as Meccan Or Medinan (revealed in makkah and madina respectively) .
The longest verse of Quran is verse 282 of Surah Baqarah. This verse is also called as Ayat-ud-dain.
Ayat-al-kursi -one of most powerful verses of Quran is in Surah baqarah -verse 255
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ
"Recite in the name of your Lord who created -".
However there are two chapters which contain another "Bismillah" other than its starting Bismillah. These are: Surah Naml and Surah Hūd
Surah fatiha : Ummul Quran i.e Mother of Qur'an
Surah Yaseen : Qalb-al-Quran i.e Heart of Quran
Surah Rahman : Bride of Qur'an