PEPPER PRODUCTION (HOT CHILI PRODUCTON)
BOTANICAL NAME
Capsicum frutenscens- Hot
Capsicum annum- Sweet
SUITABLE VARIETIES
(Hot)- Legon 18, Long Red Cayenne, Bird’s eye, M12, Scotch Bonnet, Kpakpo Shito, Jalapeno and Fresno.
BOTANICAL NAME
Capsicum frutenscens- Hot
Capsicum annum- Sweet
SUITABLE VARIETIES
(Hot)- Legon 18, Long Red Cayenne, Bird’s eye, M12, Scotch Bonnet, Kpakpo Shito, Jalapeno and Fresno.
(Sweet)- King Arthur, Florida Giant, California Wonder, Red Knight, Early Carl Wonder, Chinese Wonder, Yolo Giant.
SOURCE OF SEEDS
Use certified seeds from reputable seed companies.
SOURCE OF SEEDS
Use certified seeds from reputable seed companies.
CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUIREMENTS
Chilli peppers require sunny, semi-tropic or tropical conditions and an annual rainfall of between 600mm and 1,250mm. The ideal temperature for good growth is 18-32oC. Low humidity will result in bad fruit set due to the dropping of flower buds.
Chilli peppers require sunny, semi-tropic or tropical conditions and an annual rainfall of between 600mm and 1,250mm. The ideal temperature for good growth is 18-32oC. Low humidity will result in bad fruit set due to the dropping of flower buds.
SITE SELECTION CHILLI green
Chilli peppers grow on a wide range of soils but thrive best in sandy loams with lots of organic matter. Select well-drained land with a gentle slope and soils with a pH of 5.0-7.0
Chilli peppers grow on a wide range of soils but thrive best in sandy loams with lots of organic matter. Select well-drained land with a gentle slope and soils with a pH of 5.0-7.0
(slightly acidic to neutral). In chilli production, avoid or sterilise soils previously planted with tomato, garden eggs, okra or papaya within the last four years.
LAND PREPARATION
The land should be cleared of trees, grasses and root stumps. A well-decomposed manure or compost at 3-10kg/m2 should be applied in 4-6 weeks before planting. In chilli production, seed rate About 150g seed is required for 1ha at a density of 30,000 plants/ha.
The land should be cleared of trees, grasses and root stumps. A well-decomposed manure or compost at 3-10kg/m2 should be applied in 4-6 weeks before planting. In chilli production, seed rate About 150g seed is required for 1ha at a density of 30,000 plants/ha.
Test seeds before nursing. Seeds are most suitable if test results show 95-100% germination.
RAISING SEEDLINGS
Sow one seed per cell (in seed trays) or broadcast the seeds lightly in a seedbed&cover with 1 cm layer of soil. On the seedbed,cover with non-seeded dry grass or palm fronds until seeds emerge&cover the bed with an insect-proof net
Sow one seed per cell (in seed trays) or broadcast the seeds lightly in a seedbed&cover with 1 cm layer of soil. On the seedbed,cover with non-seeded dry grass or palm fronds until seeds emerge&cover the bed with an insect-proof net
or sow them inside a greenhouse or screen house.
Upon emergence, water the seedlings thoroughly every morning or as needed, using a fine sprinkler. Avoid overwatering to prevent damping-off. Should this occur, drench with an EPA approved fungicide.
Upon emergence, water the seedlings thoroughly every morning or as needed, using a fine sprinkler. Avoid overwatering to prevent damping-off. Should this occur, drench with an EPA approved fungicide.
TRANSPLANTING
Transplant seedlings at 5-true leaf stage in the cool of the day or late afternoon. The soil should be moist and of a fine tilth. Spacing For Some Hot Pepper Varieties. Variety Spacing(between plants and between rows) Cayenne(Legon 18) 60x60cm (2×2 feet)
Transplant seedlings at 5-true leaf stage in the cool of the day or late afternoon. The soil should be moist and of a fine tilth. Spacing For Some Hot Pepper Varieties. Variety Spacing(between plants and between rows) Cayenne(Legon 18) 60x60cm (2×2 feet)
Jalapeno 60x30cm (2×1 feet) Fresno 70x50cm (2.5×1.5 feet) Scotch Bonnet 70x50cm (2.5×1.5 feet) Bird’s eye 60x30cm (2×1 feet) Sweet Pepper 60x60cm (2×2 feet)
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Test soil to determine fertility level and adjust rates to meet the crop’s nutrient requirements.
Test soil to determine fertility level and adjust rates to meet the crop’s nutrient requirements.
FERTILIZER APPLICATION
At transplanting water seedlings with a starter solution of 5g/L NPK 15-15-15 or 3g/L di-Ammonium Phosphate or any commercial fertiliser rich in Phosphorus and Nitrogen.
2 weeks after transplanting (WAT)
At transplanting water seedlings with a starter solution of 5g/L NPK 15-15-15 or 3g/L di-Ammonium Phosphate or any commercial fertiliser rich in Phosphorus and Nitrogen.
2 weeks after transplanting (WAT)
apply a mixture of 6g (2 crown caps) NPK 15-15-15 and 3g (1 crown cap) Ammonium Sulphate/plant.
At flowering side dress 3g Potassium Nitrate, repeat at 2 weeks intervals. Apply high Calcium foliar fertilisers containing Boron every 2 weeks following manufacturer’s instructions.
At flowering side dress 3g Potassium Nitrate, repeat at 2 weeks intervals. Apply high Calcium foliar fertilisers containing Boron every 2 weeks following manufacturer’s instructions.
After each harvest, apply 3g KNO3/ Ammonium Sulphate and irrigate to prolong harvesting period.
MULCHING
Practice no-till so that the vegetation residue will serve as mulch to conserve moisture, soil, reduce weed competition, erosion and soil compaction. You can also use rice straw (5t/ha) or other organic material, polyethene sheet, or a combination of materials.
Practice no-till so that the vegetation residue will serve as mulch to conserve moisture, soil, reduce weed competition, erosion and soil compaction. You can also use rice straw (5t/ha) or other organic material, polyethene sheet, or a combination of materials.
Where plastic mulch is used, lay before transplanting.
IRRIGATION
Provide supplementary irrigation in chilli to maintain a good moisture level throughout the growth period especially during flowering and fruit development.
IRRIGATION
Provide supplementary irrigation in chilli to maintain a good moisture level throughout the growth period especially during flowering and fruit development.
WEED CONTROL
Keep the field free of weeds with inter-row cultivators, by applying approved pre and post-emergent herbicides, hoeing or hand picking. Avoid damaging plant roots.
Keep the field free of weeds with inter-row cultivators, by applying approved pre and post-emergent herbicides, hoeing or hand picking. Avoid damaging plant roots.
STAKING
Chilli plants may be staked to prevent lodging, particularly when they have a heavy load of fruits. This is very important in chilli production to avoid losses in fruits.
Chilli plants may be staked to prevent lodging, particularly when they have a heavy load of fruits. This is very important in chilli production to avoid losses in fruits.
PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL
Major pests are aphids, termites, broad mites and thrips.
ANTHRACNOSE: May occur in the field or develop as a postharvest decay of pepper fruits. To control anthracnose, use pathogen-free seed and rotate crops. Fungicides can reduce losses.
Major pests are aphids, termites, broad mites and thrips.
ANTHRACNOSE: May occur in the field or develop as a postharvest decay of pepper fruits. To control anthracnose, use pathogen-free seed and rotate crops. Fungicides can reduce losses.
BACTERIAL SPOT: Small water-soaked spots on leaves become necrotic with yellow borders. To control,rotate pepper with other non-susceptible crops.Sprays of copper-based fungicides will reduce damage
BACTERIAL WILT:The initial symptom is wilting of lower leaves followed by sudden
BACTERIAL WILT:The initial symptom is wilting of lower leaves followed by sudden
and permanent wilt of the entire plant without yellowing.
To control, use pathogen-free seedbeds to produce disease-free transplants. Fumigate seedbeds and sterilise the planting medium for container-grown plants. Use raised beds to facilitate drainage.
To control, use pathogen-free seedbeds to produce disease-free transplants. Fumigate seedbeds and sterilise the planting medium for container-grown plants. Use raised beds to facilitate drainage.
PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT: The most common symptom is a stem or collar rot followed by sudden wilting without foliar yellowing.This is controlled thru the use of resistant cultivars, raised beds, crop rotation &fungicides.
Root-knot nematode: Infected plants become stunted &yellowish
Root-knot nematode: Infected plants become stunted &yellowish
Severely affected chilli plants may wilt. To control,use crop rotation; flooding fields greatly reduce nematode populations.Soil fumigants/nematicides may be used.Seeding during the fallow season with Crotalaria or African Marigold & ploughing in will reduce nematode population.
HARVESTING
Chilli peppers are ready for harvesting 6-8 WAT (Weeks after Transplant). Harvest red ripe or green depending on market demand. To harvest, snap the fruit stalk from the stems by hand.
Chilli peppers are ready for harvesting 6-8 WAT (Weeks after Transplant). Harvest red ripe or green depending on market demand. To harvest, snap the fruit stalk from the stems by hand.
YIELDS
Yields of chilli vary depending on cultivar and management practices. 10-22 MT/ha are achievable.
- Thanks to JoshuaMubanga for this Chilling Information.
Keep sharing and keep planting.
Yields of chilli vary depending on cultivar and management practices. 10-22 MT/ha are achievable.
- Thanks to JoshuaMubanga for this Chilling Information.
Keep sharing and keep planting.
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