With yesterday’s announcement that the Trump administration plans to hold fossil fuel lease sales in the Arctic Refuge sometime this year, let’s consider what’s at stake in this fight.
At first glance, this might look like any other map—with a dotted line to mark the border between Canada and the U.S. Yet look closely at the two curvy lines, for they tell the map’s true story.
Map produced by the Gwich’in Steering Committee, @OurArcticRefuge. [2/n]
One line traces the transnational range of the Porcupine caribou herd, the other the homeland of the Gwich’in. What is most striking is how the two lines repeatedly intersect—showing the interconnections between migrating caribou and Indigenous communities. @ACaribouPeople [3/n]
The Porcupine caribou migrate every year to the coastal plain (the red shaded area near the top). It is their calving grounds, the place they go to have their young. For this reason, Gwich’in consider the area The Sacred Place Where Life Begins. [4/n]
Photo: Subhankar Banerjee
The Porcupine caribou herd currently numbers over 200,000. This is an amazing fact—and an amazing accomplishment! It would not have happened without the long-term struggle of Indigenous peoples, environmentalists, and others to protect the Arctic Refuge. [5/n]
Photo: Peter Mather
Why have oil companies and politicians repeatedly sought to drill in the Arctic coastal plain? On the map, look to the west of the Arctic Refuge, where you’ll see the Prudhoe Bay oilfields and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. [6/n]
As the historian @PhilWight explains, declining production in Prudhoe has led the Alaskan delegation and others to push “to keep feeding the 40-year-old pipeline with oil." This also keeps the state firmly tied to fossil fuels as the only econ. path. [7/n] e360.yale.edu/features/trans…
But another future for Alaska is possible—and Gwich’in, Iñupiat, and other Indigenous peoples are leading the fight. Check out this short film from @NativeMovmement about climate change & building diverse alliances. It is powerful & visionary. [8/n]
Beyond the area covered by the map, other species journey to the Refuge from farther away—incl. birds from all 50 U.S. states. This buff-breasted sandpiper migrates from Argentina. Some—like the Yellow Wagtail—even fly all the way from India! [9/n]
Photo: Subhankar Banerjee
For decades, Alaskans and others across the continent have been involved in the struggle against Arctic drilling. There have been close calls before—including in 1991, 1995, 2003, and 2005—but not until 2017 did both Congress and the President approve a development plan. [10/n]
Ever since, the Trump administration has rushed the review process, often by suppressing science and marginalizing Indigenous voices. The journalist @adamfederman has documented examples of this repeated pattern—incl. in his recent @politico piece. [11/n] politico.com/news/magazine/…
“What side of history do you want to be on?” Gwich’in Tonya Garnett asked in 2018. In a time of escalating climate change and threats to Indigenous lands and cultures, this drilling plan would mark another example of ongoing colonial violence. [12/n] truthout.org/articles/arcti…
Back to the map, for one last look. To the east of the Arctic Refuge, you will see Ivvavik and Vuntut National Parks—areas protected out of Inuvialuit and Vuntut Gwitchin land claims. Ivvavik means, in Inuvialuktun, a place for giving birth, a nursery. [14/n]
That’s what this fight is all about: a fight to protect a nursery, a fight against cultural genocide, a fight for a just, sustainable future. It’s a fight that links the Arctic Refuge to lives & ecosystems on both sides of the border--& also to places far, far from Alaska. [end]
Spelling error (my apologies!) in handle for Tweet #8: @Native_Mvmt.
More: In this @Native_Mvmt video, Iñupiat Siqiñiq Maupin discusses both the Refuge & another area on the map--west of Prudhoe Bay, where the Trump administration is trying to push through the Willow drilling project, near the Iñupiat community of Nuiqsut.
"Like the Porcupine Caribou Herd, the Gwich'in Nation spans borders. We are deeply connected and our fates are intertwined." --Jeffrey Peter, from today's @OurArcticRefuge announcement about the lawsuit to stop @BLMNational from selling off the Refuge.
Another event that fits with this never-ending thread! Thanks @katzyna for sharing these photos from a #ProtectTheArctic#StandWithTheGwichin rally in Whitehorse. Like the @OurArcticRefuge map, participants emphasized the transnational imp. of the Refuge.
I don’t know who needs to see this today, but I’ve put together a collection of caribou photographs—all of the Porcupine herd that migrates every year to the Arctic Refuge to have their young.
Let’s begin with this aerial view of the Niguanak River. Photo: Fran Mauer, 1986. (1)
Mauer estimates that there were 60,000 (!) caribou below him when he took that picture.
Here’s another aerial view—this one taken by Subhankar Banerjee in 2002. It shows pregnant caribou crossing the frozen Coleen River, and it's one of my favorite photos of all time. (2)
Wilbur Mills, one of the first photographers to visit what was then called the Arctic National Wildlife Range, took this photo in 1974. It shows two clusters of bulls, walking with apparent purpose, as they cross the frozen Kongakut River. (3)
I'm grateful to @brdemuth for suggesting that this thread on the Arctic Refuge might be useful in teaching. I thought I would add a few more sources in case you want to introduce students to this topic in #envhist and other courses.
The thread (currently pinned to my profile) includes many sources, most importantly a map produced by the Gwich'in Steering Committee (@OurArcticRefuge) as well as links to several videos and articles. But here are a few more I've used before in classes.
Climate Justice is Racial Justice: On Fossil Fuel Development and the Right to Breathe
In reading this story about Trump administration plans for expanded drilling in the NPR-A, I am reminded of Rosemary Ahtuangaruak's powerful speech at The Last Oil in 2018 @UNM (1/4)
Ahtuangaruak had previously worked as a health aide in the Iñupiat community of Nuiqsut, Alaska, and had seen an alarming spike in patients suffering from asthma and other respiratory illnesses caused by the toxic pollutants emitted from the nearby Alpine oil field. (2/4)
“I had to start staying up all night to help people breathe," she said. "When you hold those little babies, and you see those sick little eyes, and you’re fighting for them to breathe, you get very active in the process about questioning what’s happening to our village.” (3/4)
Poster by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 1962-1964, with photograph by Danny Lyon.
In a terrific article about SNCC photography, Leigh Raiford (@professoroddjob) writes about this poster: "The text … raises the question of whether this trooper defends the viewer against racial violence or if he is in fact the first line of terror. (cont.)
"Police and state troopers had long been 'official' perpetrators of violence against African Americans in the South, carrying out a brutal and lengthy legacy of maintaining peace through state-sanctioned coercion."
I look forward to reading @billmckibben's Climate Crisis Newsletter every week, but I was particularly excited to see the one that arrived today. It features @bernademientief of the Gwich'in Steering Committee talking about the Arctic Refuge struggle. (1)
"Many people are not aware that this is not just about protecting our polar bears but this is about the indigenous voices being ignored, this is about a whole identity, about a people’s entire way of life being destroyed for profit." (2)
"These lands, these animals, these waters are our survival . . . We stand up for our future generations, the ones that do not have a voice yet, and we carry on 'in a good way' the love, kindness, and strength of our ancestors." (3)
With the Trump administration claiming that they will hold lease sales for oil drilling in the Arctic Refuge this year, now seems like a good time to reup this piece from 2018. #ProtectTheArctic
It is based largely on testimony from Gwich'in leaders like @bernademientief and Tonya Garnett, environmental activists like @LenaMDC and @noel_johnny, and many others who urgently want to protect the Arctic Refuge from fossil fuel development. @OurArcticRefuge@ACaribouPeople
The Trump administration is trying to lease off this land before the political landscape changes. They are rushing to develop, even as evidence of climate change, species loss and other serious environmental problems continues to mount. We can’t let them pull this off.