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Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech has been allowed to conduct a trial to test administer its COVID-19 vaccine candidate through the skin (intradermal vaccine delivery)
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/india…
The method is said to be more effective as it requires a lower dose of vaccine compared to intramuscular routes, thus lowering the per injection cost

The vaccine candidate, called COVAXIN, is already undergoing trials for intramuscular vaccine delivery
Bharat Biotech, which developing COVAXIN in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), has now become the first Indian company to be experimenting a potential vaccine in both intradermal and intramuscular methods
Intradermal vaccine delivery involves the administration of the vaccine in one of the layers of the skin, called dermis

This method is only widely used for BCG and rabies vaccines, while most vaccines are delivered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous routes
However, there has been a renewed interest in the intradermal method since the dermis and epidermis are rich in antigen-presenting cells
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/india…
The intradermal method could lower the required dose administered to an individual and decrease the per injection cost - Anant Bhan, a researcher in global health, bioethics and health policy and former president of International Association of Bioethics
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/india…
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The data from serological tests, conducted by Thyrocare Labs on about 2.7 lakh people, shows that 26% Indians (average) have already contracted the novel coronavirus disease
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/india…
They have neutralizing antibodies in their blood, which is the immune response a body automatically generates to fight off the potentially deadly virus - Dr. A Velumani, the MD of Thyrocare Labs
The figure suggested by Dr. Velumani indicates that at least 1 in 4 Indians have already recovered from the virus and are now protected against it

In July, the company had provided an estimate of 15% but that was from a smaller sample of 53,000
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A strain of the novel coronavirus that is 10 times more infectious has been found in Malaysia
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/world…
The mutated strain of SARS-CoV-2 involves a D614G mutation

The mutation changes the amino acid at position 614 from D (aspartic acid) to G (glycine)

There has been a rising prevalence of the G614 variant, which is said to be 10 times more infectious
In Malaysia, the mutation was found in at least three cases in a cluster of 45

The cluster started from a man, who is a restaurant owner, returning from India

The mutation was also detected in another cluster with people returning from the Philippines
newsbytesapp.com/timeline/world…
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Earlier, it was believed that a large number of asymptomatic patients was bad news since people could infect others without knowing that they were infected

However, experts now point out that this may be a good thing

newsbytesapp.com/timeline/scien…
According to Monica Gandhi, an infectious-disease specialist at the University of California at San Francisco, asymptomatic infections may hold the key for community-wide immunity or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Antibody surveys conducted so far may have found the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a significant portion of the population, but the number declines over time

Interestingly, these surveys have not accounted for the T cell immunity response
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