Jason Furman Profile picture
Sep 4, 2020 5 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Many pointing to studies that $600/week did not increase disincentives. Those studies relevant in saying that policy was good in April, May and June. But they have limited relevance for how to set policy in Dec and Jan when economy will be very different than it was in lockdown.
Moreover, part of why the $600 didn’t cause disincentives is that many expected them to be temporary so would rather be in a job. If they had been smoothly extended through January as many originally wanted that would have undone some of that temporary expectation.
Supporters of triggers and enhanced automatic stabilizers should ask themselves what formula they would have for unemployment benefits. Would you pre-specify that at 8% UR it would be $600/week? And if so was it WAY too low with UR of 15% in the spring?
Even if the weekly boost came down to $400 that would be much higher than the $25 per week in the last recession and enough to ensure that about two thirds of workers were getting more from unemployment benefits than they had been paid on their jobs:
It is too late to shift to replacement rates instead of flat dollar amounts. But that should be a priority for the future. Until then, we should adjust the flat weekly amount based on economic circumstances to balance support for consumption with fairness/work incentives.

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More from @jasonfurman

May 2
Strong jobs report. 177K jobs added. Unemployment rate steady at 4.2% but participation rate up and U-6 down. Hours steady. A slowdown in hourly wage growth. Image
Federal employment was down a bit but state and local more than made up for it. The trend in private jobs is basically the same as total. Image
Unemployment rate very slowly drifted up for the last year and a half. Image
Read 6 tweets
Apr 30
Real GDP fell at a 0.3% annual rate in Q1.

The underlying numbers are very extreme--with an enormous increase in imports and inventories.

My preferred measure of "core GDP" a better signal, up at a 3.0% annual rate (see next) Image
Final Sales to Private Domestic Purchasers is usually a better predictor of future GDP growth.

It includes:
Personal consumption: +1.8%
Business fixed investment: +9.8%
Residential investment: +1.3%

ft.com/content/58576a…Image
And here are those "stable" parts of GDP. Image
Image
Image
Read 10 tweets
Apr 28
Wednesday's Q1 GDP # will have a lot of economic noise, a lot of measurement noise, and could generate even more political noise.

A technical🧵on one aspect: what period does it reflect?

The answer is a combo of pre- and post- 1/20 because of the weirdness of quarterly averages
When I (and most people) look at things like CPI or jobs, we look at something like a three month average. That would be growth from Dec 2024 to Mar 2025. Which is also the (geometric) average of the growth rates in Jan, Feb and Mar. It tells you what happened in those 3 months.
But GDP is not reported monthly (fortunately, would be really volatile). So the numbers are the growth from the average of Oct/Nov/Dec to Jan/Feb/Mar. If there is weak growth in Nov or Dec that lowers part of Q4 but all of Q1 so lowers overall growth.
Read 8 tweets
Apr 12
Four roughly true and important propositions about trade. Asserting not explaining here, will explain sometime:

1. The volume of trade depends, inter alia, on the magnitude of domestic and foreign tariffs:

X + M = f (US tariffs , foreign tariffs)
2. The balance of trade depends mostly on U.S. macroeconomic balances, like the budget deficit and level of business investment:

X - M = f(US macro balances)
3. Well being goes up when X + M goes up. This is both because we get the benefits of imports and also the better jobs in areas we specialize in.

4. Well being doesn't have a monotonic relationship to X - M. Too large a deficit or surplus both problems, "ideal" value depends.
Read 8 tweets
Mar 28
Core PCE inflation came in a little above the already high expectations in Feb. The pattern is the opposite of what you want to see--the shorter the window the higher the annualized rate (and still high at 12 months):

1 month: 4.5%
3 months: 3.6%
6 months: 3.1%
12 months: 2.8% Image
Here are the full set of numbers. They were uniformly ugly in February. Image
If you're looking for some slivers of reassurance, market-based core (which excludes imputed items like portfolio fees) was only up 2.4% over the last 12 months. And "only" 3.0% annualized over the last three, less than the regular core. Image
Read 7 tweets
Mar 18
Income taxes are distort trade by reducing purchases of imports. At least they do so as much as VATs do. Which is to say not any more than they reduce purchases of domestic goods.

A hopefully irrelevant thread.
A simple toy example.

Consider a person in Spain with 100€ in income that they use to buy oranges. Absent taxes oranges cost 1€. They must spend all their income this year.

In this case they could buy 100 total oranges--imported plus Spanish.
Now assume there's a 25% VAT.

VAT raises the cost of imported oranges to 1.25€, this is the way it is supposed to be like a tariff.

Of course, also raises the cost of Spanish oranges to 1.25€. This is not a tariff & is trade neutral.

The person can now buy 80 total oranges.
Read 6 tweets

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