How to get your manuscript into print and published? Often authors needed to approach and meet a publisher. And this was regularly a painful experience for early modern authors. Here, in 1666, an author enters a publisher's office. #bookhistory 1/x
The imagined scene is from a copperplate print of the 1666 book business mocking print by Aegidius Henning: "Gepriesener Büchermacher Oder Von Büchern/ und Bücher machen ein zwar kleines/ jedoch lustiges und erbauliches Büchlein..." (VD1:048499D)
The publisher was mainly a financing agent, sometimes in early days running the print shop as well. He needed to calculate his material productions: how expensive was the paper needed? Do we have enough ink? Was the type ready? Workload: Worry, pay attention, write letters. 3/x
So the early modern author approached usually a business man, not always a literary expert with a mission. The best an accepted author could expect in 1666 (and still much later) was a couple of hard copies of his own book after production. No fees, no extra payments.
4/x
As we know not all publisher's got rich (and dressed in expensive clothes) like the imagined publisher on the copperplate print. In fact, many #earlymodern publisher's ended up bankrupt. However, every author was an investment for them: time and material. Fingers crossed. 5/5
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How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? A thread.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? Like a ruler (here Philip IV of Spain in 1643), being informed and part of every communication network there is. Signal: I am easygoing and powerful.
How to hold a paper letter in early modern Europe? After work (here: Agostino Pallavicini in 1621), still dressed in business clothes, but after having finished the usual multitasking and decision making. Signal: I am overworked but happy.
Fancy a word of academic German today? #Schreibschulden - the texts you promised to send to someone but missed the deadlines, and apparently your growing overload of to do reviews, chapters and articles become part and argument of every academic conversation you have.
"Wie geht es Ihnen und den #Schreibschulden heute?" (Gehört auf einem deutschen Universitätsflur in einem Historischen Seminar).
"Ich kann leider keine Rezensionen mehr annehmen, meine #Schreibschulden verbieten es mir" (Höfliche und häufige Floskel in Emails).
That's an early modern street seller, selling broadsides and printed paper crowns for christmas.
Step 1 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
The street seller is a detail of a painting from Joos de Momper the Younger, a Flemish painter active in Antwerp between the late 16th century and the early 17th century. So the paper crowns were likely sold in Antwerp or nearby.
Step 2 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
Mobile sellers of paper products, like newspapers, broadsides, pamphlets etc., were a thing in early modern Europe. In fact, they were almost everywhere. And paper crowns were seasonal extras.
Step 3 of #PaperCrownsForChristmas
More information on the small print (an etching!) with the letter receiving or sending young woman can be found here: bavarikon.de/object/bav:UBE….
The purpose of paper letters being sent within the Early Modern European territories from A to B seems to be clear - it was about communication. However, we shall not forget that especially private letters were among the most read, and re-read, texts.
Among the many reusages of paper in early modern Europe was certainly rereading letters. A short thread - using a 1780s painting from Marguerite Gérard - for those interested in #paperhistory and #bookhistory:
Step 1.
Let's start the look at rereading (and paper storing) practices of rich Europeans with details on the painting used. You see Marguerite Gérard's painting from c. 1785, nowadays in the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen - Neue Pinakothek München, sammlung.pinakothek.de/de/artwork/ApL…
Step 2.
Important paper letters were stored in tiny boxes - for rereading aloud and silently, alone and in company.
One way to sell news in early modern Europe: combine extraordinary topics that were published elsewhere before, and then republish them in a new pamphlet.
The selection and combination of three extraordinary topics was an easy task for an experienced publisher. To start with, you needed to buy and read other pamphlets or news prints of the time. Media echoes of interesting stoiries were omnipresent and easy to spot. Have a look:
The severe weather, with thunder, heavy rainings and lightning, was all over the German news in 1684. Even if you missed the news reports in newspapers, there were also extra pamphlets devoted to the topic available. Like this one: