Prof. Christina Pagel Profile picture
Sep 18, 2020 13 tweets 6 min read Read on X
THREAD: where we are with COVID in the UK and what we should do about it. TLDR: it's not good, but there's hope. We have maybe 2/3 weeks to get cases down. 1/13
Firstly, testing & tracing is in crisis as has been well documented for the last two weeks. Only 9% of tests in England are now returned promptly. 2/13
So we have to take recent case data with a pinch of salt - we know that many aren't getting tests. We know that there are big backlogs. We don't know exactly who is getting tested. But *even so* cases are climbing rapidly. 3/13
However, estimates of infection not affected by testing also show rapid increase. Importantly both the Covid symptom tracker app & @ONS infection survey show 8 day doubling - matching that seen in the imperial REACT study. Slower than March but still too fast. 4/13
These maps from @TravellingTabby show how COVID has spread across the country - there are many hotspots and most places are warm and getting warmer. Places that were hard hit the first time are not being spared (e.g. Birmingham). 5/13
It's also spreading to more age groups. This data from @PHE_uk shows few cases through July, increasing in young adults throughout August and then spreading to younger and older age groups in September. Note that final week might be affected by testing issues. 6/13
Unsurprisingly, the spread to older people has led to a corresponding rapid increase in hospital admissions from early September - e.g. median age in University Hospital Birmingham is about 50. Doubling time is *again* 8 days. 7/13
Fitting an exponential growth curve with 8-day doubling to admissions from 4 September is v worrying - we'll be at 18th March admission numbers by *next weeked* and lockdown admission numbers by early October. Hopefully recent restrictions & hot weather has slowed spread... 8/13
UCL Prof Friston's modelling says we are at a knife edge - if we improve test & trace in next 2 weeks we can bend curve down. If we wait 6-8 weeks, it's too late. We don't need to be perfect - just a *bit* better will help! you *can* contact trace based on symptoms not tests 9/13
It *is* possible to bend the curve with contact tracing and avoid national lockdowns. 10/13
So - we have steep increase in cases, increased spread across the country & age groups, increased hospital & ICU admissions & a broken testing system. There's no sugar coating it - we're in a dangerous place. (NOT inevitable by the way, no matter what Boris says!). 11/13
We need to act *now* before we can't avert the crisis any longer. @IndependentSage proposes a 10 point plan for consultation. We spoke a while ago about the possibility of needing to choose between pubs and schools. We think that time has now come - choose schools. 12/13
Finally, where is the gvmnt? We hear rumours of national lockdowns; new restrictions are announced late at night. We need daily press briefings again. We don't need gloss - we need honesty, ownership of mistakes and a plan for tomorrow, next week, next month and next year. 13/13

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More from @chrischirp

Oct 19
Important 🧵on our new peer-reviewed paper:

The pandemic is as bad as it ever was for babies - in year to Aug 2023, 6,300 babies under 1 were admitted to hospital wholly or partly BECAUSE of Covid.

They are ONLY age group where admissions have NOT gone down over time 1/17 Image
Our study, led by Prof @katebrown220, looked at all hospitalisations in England in children with a Covid diagnosis or positive test from Aug 2020-Aug 2023.
We then *excluded* all admissions where a Covid diagnosis was incidental (ie not why they were in hospital)
2/17 Image
Infants (babies under 1) are generally at higher risk from respiratory infections, plus they are the age group that, if infected, are overwhelmingly meeting the virus for the first time.

They are not vaccinated and have not had it before. 3/17
Read 18 tweets
Sep 26
Prof @Kevin_Fong giving the most devastating and moving testimony to the Covid Inquiry of visiting hospital intensive care units at the height of the second wave in late Dec 2020.

The unimaginable scale of death, the trauma, the loss of hope.
Please watch this 2min clip.
And here he breaks down while explaining the absolute trauma experienced by smaller hospitals in particular - the "healthier" ICU patients were transferred out, leaving them coping with so much death.

They felt so alone.
Here Prof Fong explains how every nurse he met was traumatised by watching patients die, being only able to hold up ipads to their relatives and how it went against their normal practice of trying to ensure a dignified death, with family there.
Read 5 tweets
Aug 28
THREAD: I asked what the point of Public Inquiries is for @bmj_latest

We've spent hundreds of millions of £ on Inquiries over last decades, generating deep understanding of failures & 1000s of recommendations.

But v few recommendations get implemented!
What is going on?

1/12 Image
E.g. Covid-19 Inquiry has cost £94 million so far - and is projected to cost over £200m by its end (it still has years to go).

1st report published (out of at least 9) found major flaws and proposed 10 recommendations.

Chances are low that they will be implemented :-( 2/12


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Inst for Government looked at 68 Inquiries from 1990-2017.
The Inquiries cost over £630 million and made 2,625 recommendations.

Only 6/68 Inquiries have received full scrutiny by a parliamentary select committee on implementation of recommendations. 3/12 Image
Read 12 tweets
Aug 9
🧵War causes direct civilian deaths but also indirect deaths over the following years.

Recent paper estimates eventual total direct & indirect deaths in Gaza attributable to the war - 10% of entire pop'n.

I want to explain these estimates and why deaths must be counted. 1/13 Image
Why count casualties from war anyway? For moral, legal and strategic reasons.

1 - owe it to those who have died
2 - International law says must count & identify dead as far as possible
3 - monitor progress of war & learn from tactics

2/13 Image
There are direct and indirect casualties of war. Direct deaths include those who killed by fighting or bombs.

Indirect deaths are those that die when they would otherwise have lived because of one or more of: lack of food, healthcare, housing, sanitation, income, hope. 3/13 Image
Read 14 tweets
Aug 1
THREAD: the summer Covid wave in the UK continues.
Basically, there is a LOT of Covid around and not a lot of other respiratory viruses.

If you have cold or flu symptoms, it's probably Covid.

The latest hospital data from England shows steady, quite high levels. 1/8 Image
But admissions don't tell us how much virus is circulating more generally. The best (but imperfect) measure we have is wasterwater measurements, and only in Scotland and not England.

Scotland's wastewater is showing a huge July peak - highest since Omicron's 1st yr in 2022 2/8 Image
Because different people shed different amounts of virus and variants can matter too, you can't for sure infer how many people were infected between different wasterwater peaks. BUT given the size, I'd say it's pretty likely this is the largest peak since 2022 in Scotland 3/8
Read 8 tweets
Jul 23
THREAD:
I wrote about Baroness Hallett's Inquiry Module 1 report for @bmj_latest .

She found that there was *never* a plan to keep a pandemic death toll down - I discuss this and what it means going foward.

Main points below: 1/14 Image
The headline most seen is that the UK planned for the wrong pandemic.

While it is true that was far too narrow a focus on a flu pandemic, that is not the most telling bit.

To me the most telling bit, is what the plan did NOT do 2/14


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The issue is less the wrong disease, but that there was never a plan to prevent one at all – of any disease type.

The plan was *never* about reducing the number of pandemic deaths. 3/14 Image
Read 14 tweets

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