Perhaps the weirdest theory about the origin of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania is that they were English ealdormen and thanes fleeing the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The theory arose in the 1940s from attempts to explain the rapid expansion and success of medieval Lithuania
The theory goes that Englishmen who travelled to Constantinople to serve in the Byzantine Emperor's Varangian Guard then crossed the Black Sea to the Crimea, and travelled into the interior where they formed a warrior elite ruling the Lithuanians
The first part of this theory is actually true - English expats did indeed settle in Crimea (see @caitlinrgreen's excellent account of this caitlingreen.org/2015/05/mediev…) but there is no evidence for English settlement in Lithuania
The theory belongs to a strand of thought that rejected the idea that the Lithuanians, on their own, could possibly have become as successful as they did; so they must have needed foreign assistance
Needless to say, this is really just a reflection of c20th perceptions of the Lithuanians as a 'conquered' people, and came from the same stable as the racist idea that Africans couldn't possibly have developed sophisticated civilisations without foreign assistance, etc.
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In Glasgow yesterday I didn’t just visit @hunterian. A highlight was my visit to Govan, capital of the British kings of Strathclyde-Cumbria between the 9th and 11th centuries. Sadly @GovanStones close for the winter but I saw Scotland’s oldest churchyard
While the cemetery was in Govan, the royal hall was just across the Clyde in Partick, while a causeway linked the cemetery with Doomster Hill, a site of ceremonial assemblies levelled in 1800 and now the site of a new housing development
Nearby is the wonderful @riversidemuseum which features an astounding collection of early automobiles (a secret interest of mine that I don’t much talk about). I love how the 1900 Argyll Voiturette’s radiator looks like a toaster of the era…
The main target of today’s expedition was this, however - an excavated Roman bathhouse in a corrugated iron bunker under the A1(M) near Welwyn. And this is a place with which I have a special connection… (thread)
In 1960, long before the A1(M) was built, this was a tranquil meadow on the west bank of the River Mimram, known as Dicket Mead. On the east bank was Sherardswood School whose science master, Tony Rook, was a keen archaeologist. Tony began to notice Roman tiles in the river…
He set up an archaeological society to excavate a potential villa (incredibly, from the reward money for finding an abandoned safe in a chalk pit) and discovered what would become known as Dicket Mead
The second Abbey of the Dunes endured until the French Revolution when it was finally dissolved indefinitely its last abbot, Nicholas de Roover. The abbey buildings then ended up as the Great Seminary of Bruges
I’m fascinated by the history of cultural portrayals of Roman Britain; Arthur Machen’s vision of decadent religious strangeness was perhaps the most out-of-kilter with other Victorian portrayals of a martial and masculine province
The introduction to my short story collection ‘Shades of Rome’ traces the lineage of one particular tradition of portraying Roman Britain as a site of the sinister and uncanny…
What I love about Machen is that he wasn’t just reading Roman or contemporary historians, but going directly to archaeological reports and artefacts and being inspired by the sheer weirdness
I decided to hit the Circus Visitor Centre first, to see what remains of the circus discovered in 2004 - an example of a site so massive it was too big to see, so no-one had realised it was there. These models give some idea of the scale…
TIL that Ceaușescu deliberately left some Romanian regions uncollectivised so folklorists could go there and study the unspoilt folk culture. Folklore studies as a totalitarian social experiment 😬
Communist regimes generally had some understanding that the 'modernisation' they craved destroyed folk culture, but they wanted to preserve that folk culture as a foundation of national particularity (and specifically *proletarian* national particularity)
But on the other hand, folk culture was also the basis of a nationalism they wanted to annihilate (or at least assimilate into the cult of the state in a neutralised form); and the presence of national minorities complicated matters, whose particularity was unacceptable