Lands of the Numics (other than the Comanche who had their own realm far to the east)
Three theories of Numic origins: 1) the expanded east out of the southern San Joaquin Valley 2) they were indigenous to the Great Basin 3) they swept out of the Nevada desert & conquered or destroyed their neighbors in the last 1500 years.
Most Numic tribes do not have myths sharing elements with those of the Amerindians of California - the three Numic tribes that do live in California
Southern Paiute (Numic tribe) myths record a hunter-gatherer warrior from Pacific coast in California slaughtering Anasazi & Fremont Culture agriculturalists & burning their crops in southern NV, southern UT, and northern AZ.
Numics in the Owens Valley and elsewhere do not have myths referencing volcanism, even though eastern California has had volcanism in the last 1500 years.
Northern Paiute defeated the Sai-i, a Hokan tribe, in their conquest of NW Nevada & NE California around the Pit River. Bows are referenced in the myth, so this took place after 500 AD.
Yokuts or another primitive digger tribe warred with the Paiute over rule of the Owens Valley (fertile land until the 1920s)
Author concludes that Numic urheimat was in SW Great Basin in eastern California and western Nevada and traces the migrations by the respective folklore
In line with archaeology, western & central Iberia were populated by hunter-gatherers distinctive from those on Mediterranean coast by their higher Magdalenian ancestry. Those hunter-gatherers had a resurgence over the EEFs as elsewhere during neolithic.
Steppe ancestry in IEs was diluted by the time that they reached SW Iberia at end of third millennium, in line with other studies. However, there are signs of an Eastern Mediterranean migration to Iberia in Bronze Age or earlier:
There was substantial migration to urban areas in Portugal during the Roman period from Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa. If these samples are representative, about half of the urban population was foreign-derived. Date of the site isn't provided, but was after 100 BC.
Safavids were, like Ottomans, born in obscurity in chaos of mid-13th century Mongol invasions - although as Sufi order rather than as tribal migration. Contrary to later propaganda, Sheikh Safi was not a sayyid or from a Shia background, but he became prominent in a Shia milieu.
Safavid Order had a waqf (charitable endowment) for its benefit by 1305 in Ardabil. Its network of followers expanded in Anatolia, Khorasan, & Mazandaran under aegis of Ilkhanate & some of its successors, but was forced to arm some of its supporters in at least Ardabil.
Timur, the greatest mystic of his era, liked the Safavid Order & granted it additional lands to financially sustain its missionary efforts. However, the Order was squeezed by his sons, who desires to centralize power in the realm.
Thread with excerpts from "Hezbollah: A Short History" by Augustus Richard Norton
Shia birthrates in mid-20th century Lebanon were higher than those of Sunnis & Christians.
from 1950s to 1970s Lebanese Shia typically supported secular parties led by Christians - whether rightist or leftist. Growth of armed Palestinian formations in Lebanon in 1970s drove formation of both coalitional & oppositional Shia organizations.
Thread with excerpts from "Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic" by Michael Axworthy
one reason to find the Iranian Revolution interesting is that it proceeded to follow a non-Western path of development, much like India & China, rather than following the Western path.
Iranian Shia Islam is a more organized & disciplined force than Sunni Islam in most of the rest of the world as the result of an enduring clerical hierarchy (the Sunni Caliphate was dissolved in 1924).