We have an economy with a positive first derivative and negative second derivative—everything is continuing to improve but it improving at a slower pace than before.
Normally 661,000 jobs would be something to celebrate. But when you’re 11 million jobs short of where you were in February the slowing pace of recovery is a worry.
Three reasons for it:
1. Easy recovery already happened. Has been people being called back from temporary layoff, permanent unemployment rising.
2. CARES Act expired.
3. Virus resurgence.
Notably in September there were 661,000 jobs added (payroll survey) while 1.5m reduction in temporary layoff (household survey). That is worrying because the fuel of labor market recovery is going away.
Also notable, the labor force participation rate has not moved since July. Normally we would expect a strengthening economy to have an increase in participation rates. Moreover, if the $600 was having a large disincentive effect that should have raised participation.
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On the surface a strong jobs report (130K jobs & unemployment falls to 4.3%).
And just about every detail makes it even stronger: participation up, involuntary part-time down, hours up, wages up.
The mystery of strong GDP and weak jobs is being resolved in the direction of GDP.
The job growth happened despite further cuts in federal jobs. Private employment was up an impressive 172K.
Note, breakeven job growth is currently about 25-50K because of reduced net immigration & also more fully recovered participation. So job growth has slowed but the unemployment rate now seems to have stabilized after slowly and steadily increasing since mid-2023.
I will be enthusiastically supporting faculty legislation to cap the number of A's at Harvard at 20% (plus a bit). The collective action problem that has driven grades higher & higher over time is increasingly problematic. I hope other institutions consider similar steps.
I've talked to numerous colleagues & students about grade inflation. Almost all of them see it as a a problem. I've also heard about as many different ideas for solutions as I've had conversations. I would tweak this proposal in various ways. But would support it over nothing.
One place the current system fails--and it's not the only place--is honors. I'm on the Committee to recommend honors in the economics department. It's increasingly hard to distinguish excellence with so many A's. I believe that now even two A-'s makes you ineligible for Summa.
Depending on how you look at it growth in Q3 was very very strong or very strong or just possibly merely strong. Annual rates:
GDP: 4.3%
Real final sales to domestic purchasers: 2.9%
Average of GDP & GDI: 3.4%
GDI: 2.4%
A big part of the story was consumer spending up at a 3.5% annual rate. Started the year looking weak but new data and revisions have made consumers very strong.
Business fixed investment a bit weaker but also very heterogenous. Equipment investment and IPP up but non-residential structures down for the seventh straight quarter.