The story of Black abolitionist Hester Lane features blatant racism and sexism. But it’s also about a subtler version of both: when you’re expected to choose a side because of your identity, and pigeonholed into what someone like you is “supposed to” believe.
Long thread.
Hester’s story is one of the most exciting discoveries in @marthasjones_' wonderful Vanguard - which is saying something!
Hester was a free woman of color in 1820s New York City. She was an entrepreneur, a leader, and a liberator.
Hester Lane bought the freedom of enslaved people - dangerous work that meant negotiating with southern slaveholders herself. She brought out as many as 11 people - she required them to repay her, which enabled her to keep the cycle going.
We gotta talk about lesbians. Specifically, about lesbian erasure.
Queer is cool, right? It’s 2020! 🏳️🌈🏳️⚧️etc., etc. So why is the lesbian reality of the suffrage movement barely part of the #19thAmendment centennial conversation?
A thread.
The movement for women’s liberation was run largely by unmarried women - some never married, some widowed.
Why? Because marriage was a prison for women, legally and socially. Unmarried women were exponentially freer to do the work of organizing and building a national movement.
Long-married leaders who raised multiple children - ElizCadyStanton, IdaBWells - are outliers in the suffrage pantheon. Most of the women who led the movement didn’t marry, didn’t have children, or were widowed early.
Does that mean they were lesbians? Well, yes - many of them.
Suffragists picketed the White House from 10am-6pm every day but Sundays. They continued - attacked by mobs, arrested constantly - for more than two years. But in their first months, the pickets were greeted warmly.🧵
Until January 1917, no one had ever done what they were doing. Frustrated at President Wilson’s refusal to support a federal suffrage amendment, they were the first Americans to stand outside the mansion in protest.
They walked 4-hour shifts, leaving only when relief arrived.
They continued in every kind of weather, though in heavy rain and snow shifts were 2 hours. To stay warm, the janitor from National Woman’s Party HQ brought wheelbarrows of hot bricks to stand on. In this picture from Jan. 26, they’re standing on boards to keep their feet drier.
Ida B. Wells could vote for President years before Alice Paul or Carrie Chapman Catt.
How?
Read on . . .
Changing state constitutions is hard. Who votes & who doesn’t is determined by each state; big changes almost always need constitutional amendment. Of course, this is why the state-by-state fight took so damn long. But in 1913, Illinois successfully used a different strategy.
Lucy Stone’s husband Henry Blackwell began pushing for “presidential suffrage” back in the 1880s. It was a clever idea: a way to get states to let women vote for President without the laborious process of amending their constitution. Here's how:
Obama’s 2d inaugural invoked a throughline “from Seneca Falls to Selma to Stonewall.” Brett Kavanaugh has surely been itching to object since. In dissent yesterday he wrote: “Seneca Falls was not Stonewall.”
I know more about both of those things than he does. So, a primer.🧵
Things the women’s rights conference at Seneca Falls in 1848 & the Stonewall uprising of 1969 have in common:
In 1865 Pres. Andrew Johnson awarded Dr. Mary Walker the Medal of Honor. Dr. Walker wore the medal pinned to her suit coat every day for the rest of her life. In 1917, her medal was rescinded along w/those of 911 men, for want of direct combat.
She wrote a letter of protest, and simply continued to wear the medal until her death in 1919.
Pres. Jimmy Carter reinstated the honor in 1977, thanks to feminist protest. Dr. Walker is still the only woman ever to receive it.
Dr. Walker lived a long life, in Washington, Oswego & Albany. buff.ly/2FLCbau
She continued to practice medicine and activism. She campaigned for pensions for Civil War nurses and other women who had served, and never stopped urging women to give up corsets & petticoats.