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Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
@PatrickSSte
Oct 25, 2020 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Is the SPIKE protein wrong target for vaxs?

• Unbiased screen found 29 "shared epitopes" that were main targets for T-cells

• Notably, only 3 of 29 epitopes were located in spike protein

• Most epitopes were located in ORF1ab / nucleocapsid protein

cell.com/immunity/fullt…
Anyway

"Frequent BACTERIAL infections of respiratory tract are often a harbinger of ANTIBODY disorders"

"Respiratory VIRAL infections are more significant in patients with T-CELL immune deficiencies"

So why do virtually all vaxs target SPIKE PROTEIN?

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Also may be very serious

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Conclusion - vaccines should target T-cell responses, focusing on ORF1ab / nucleocapsid protein.
A thing to think about's ADE - antibody dependent enhancement

I've heard that targets other than Spike might be dangerous - although I'd expect it to be the other way around - Spike most dangerous

Does anyone know about this in relation to SARS-CoV-2?

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-…

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More from @PatrickSSte

Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
Oct 29, 2023
1/🧵No one seemed to want to do this, so I finally went ahead and looked at vaccines/deaths in OurWorldInData ⬇️

I've plotted excess deaths in the last 12 months against CoV-19 booster doses ⬇️

There is a clear correlation (correl coeff = 0.50) Image
2/ Strangely, there's a much stronger correlation between vaccine doses given and CoV-19 deaths: apparently, more vaccine doses corresponded to more deaths in the last 12 months, corr coeff = 0.72 ⬇️ Image
3/ This is unexpected, but @StabellBenn &others point out that non-live vaccines can "damp down" the immune system

It seems mRNA vaccines are like non-live ones so this may be the explanation

The first vaccines might have been helpful but boosters may've been counter-productive
Read 7 tweets
Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
Dec 14, 2022
🧵1⃣ Why do we get more colds&flu - & Covid - in winter than summer?

This question has confused & perplexed scientists for ~60 yrs

Turns out the main explanation is quite simple: virtually all respiratory viruses - including CV2 - are thermally-sensitive
doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.…
2⃣CoV-2 has been shown to be thermally-sensitive in the wet-lab and in animals (see table⬇️from our letter)

Many other respiratory viruses have been shown to be thermally-sensitive in the wet-lab⬇️, although they may rapidly lose this sensitivity if they are propagated at 37°C


Image
Image
Image
Image
3⃣My co-author @JuliaLBach8 & I showed that many/most respiratory viruses possess natural thermal sensitivity - they replicate faster below normal body temperature, confining them to the cooler upper airways.
doi.org/10.1002/rmv.22…
Read 13 tweets
Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
Jul 15, 2022
I’m reposting this thread re the evolution of viral proofreading / the puzzling shape of epidemics, to get it all in one place
🧵I haven’t yet seen any scientists tackling the puzzling surges and rapid collapses of cases that we often see in Covid-19, eg South Africa and India⬇️(where lockdowns may not be very effective). Also seen in other countries such the UK, Austria and France⬇️
There must be a reason for these surges, and this is clearly important. I suggest a biological mechanism involving the emergence of low-fidelity strains that evolve faster than the ancestral ones
Read 26 tweets
Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
May 22, 2022
1/ Once again I’m struck by something that’s been staring us in the face, but which we all seem to have missed
🧵
2/ Almost certainly, the main pandemic threat from “novel” viruses doesn’t arise when they first appear in humans. Whether they’re from animals or labs, it’s probably letting them fester that’s dangerous. Here’s why -
3/ Novel human viruses tend to be either mild (flu-like symptoms) or horribly pathogenic. There are several well-known viral hemorrhagic fevers that regularly appear, including Lassa (400,000 cases per year), Marburg, Ebola
Read 14 tweets
Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
Mar 19, 2022
(Introduction)

🧵1⃣ Why do we get more colds and flu in winter?

And why are some respiratory viruses more likely to infect the lungs?

@JuliaLBach8 and I have a simple proposal called temperature dependent viral tropism (TDVT) Image
2⃣We suggest that (virtually all) respiratory viruses sense temperature in order to keep out of the lungs, so that they can keep us moving around
doi.org/10.1002/rmv.22…
3⃣Remarkably, several recent studies show that CoV-2 is thermally-sensitive (more active at low temp) in cells & animals – just as we predicted!

1. doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj…
2. doi.org/10.1371/journa…
3. doi.org/10.1093/cid/ci…
4. doi.org/10.1371/journa… Image
Read 14 tweets
Patrick Shaw Stewart Profile picture
Mar 15, 2022
1⃣There’s another way to look at the question of whether CoV-2 will evolve to become milder

The key observation is that CoV-2 is thermally-sensitive in the lab, and in animals:

i.e. it is more active at lower temperatures
2⃣Recent papers

Spike is thermally sensitive doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj…

Higher CoV-2 titres at 33°C V’kovski doi.org/10.1371/journa…

Golden hamsters doi.org/10.1093/cid/ci…

Elevated temperatures inhibit CoV-2 replication independently of the IFN response doi.org/10.1371/journa…
3⃣This thermal sensitivity can of course explain the clear winter seasonality of CoV-2⬇️ Image
Read 10 tweets

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