Much of the resistance to early schooling seems to be intertwined with the concept of reading readiness which became prevalent after Dolch and Bloomster’s (1937) study and Huey's (1902) recommendation that if a child were unable to read a text then it should not be read...
‘Its very difficulty is the child’s protection against what it is as yet unfitted for,’ (p.57).
‘Delay as a teaching technique’ (Anderson,1952) developed into common educational parlance with the belief that any reading difficulties encountered by the age of seven would be resolved by cognitive maturation.
The age of seven as a threshold dovetailed with the accessing of Piaget’s (1952) concrete operations stage and tallied with Dolch and Bloomster’s (1937) observations that children with a mental age below that of seven were unable to match printed words to spoken words.
However, Rayner et al. (2012) question the validity of reading readiness as a biological construct arguing that if this were the case, children would begin reading instruction across the world at a similar age.
This is not the case, they argue, with some cultures not starting until seven with others beginning at five and with no consistency across English speaking nations.
Vaessen et al.(2010)in their study of Hungarian, Dutch and Portuguese children did not find effects of age that were independent of years of instruction.The idea that lack of cognitive maturation is at the heart of reading difficulties does not seem to be supported by studies.
Anecdotal evidence (very wary of this) of children not attending school during pandemic lockdown does not seem to suggest that the amount of play increased particularly in areas of social deprivation. The gap between richer and poorer children appears to have widened.
Informal learning through play may (like whole language reading instruction) be a very effective method of maintaining Bordieu's (2002) Habitus.

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with The Reading Ape

The Reading Ape Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @TheReadingApe

2 Nov
Gough and Tunmer’s (1986) research developed into the influential ‘Simple View of Reading’, further modified by Hoover and Gough (1990), which drew three clear conclusions from the study.
Firstly, that the highly complex manifestation of reading comprehension can be atomised into two identifiable categories: the ability to decode text and the ability to comprehend language.
Decoding relates to an ability to decipher text accurately. Language comprehension, although not specific to reading, relates to domain knowledge, reasoning, imagining and interpretation (Kamhi, 2007).
Read 6 tweets
20 Aug
So were the reading wars merely a misunderstanding...?
In 1886 James Cattle discovered that words could be read faster than individual letters. So, if we read words faster than letters why bother with the letters? Why bother with the alphabet, and why bother with phonics? Just concentrate on learning words...
This dovetailed beautifully with Gestalt theory (Wertheimer, 1924) which maintained behaviour was not determined by its individual elements but that, ‘the part processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole…’
Read 11 tweets
12 Aug
Although the neuroimaging evidence indicates code-based instruction is appropriate for beginning readers the concern remains that SSP will not benefit children's reading stemming from the perceived irregularity of English spelling ( Kessler et al. 2003),
Kessler (2009) suggests that after learning to read, most children learn complex spelling patterns implicitly through exposure to print - but only once a high level of fluency has been attained. Code-based reading instruction contributes to these learning processes in many ways:
1. Establishes the alphabetic principle that provides a reason to attend to the letters in words (Ehri, 1992).
Read 7 tweets
27 Jul
A long answer. Let us assume that schools are following a code emphasis approach to reading instruction and not a meaning emphasis model (whole language). This approach requires letter-sound correspondences to be taught in sequence to build mastery of the alphabetic principle...
It also assumes that pupils practice with controlled texts to build fluent decoding skills. Controlled text is written to maximise the use of words with the taught phonic patterns (Rayner et al. 2012) - decodable texts in other words.
Pupils initially work harder to decode texts word by word than to read text composed of memorised words. The letter by letter processing involved builds the high quality lexical representations needed to support quick and accurate reading (Perfetti, 1992).
Read 10 tweets
4 Jul
They all cover it. They have to. But the depth of study and the expertise they promote in their trainees is at best variable and at worst cursory and confused. Bearing in mind we send a quarter of 11 year olds to secondary school below the expected reading standard...
...all new teachers should be experts, not only in phonics instruction with deep code instruction knowledge but in all elements of reading instruction: automaticity, prosody, rate and accuracy as well as the promotion of vocabulary and comprehension development.
Any new teacher who has studied for up to 3 years, and who does not have substantial expertise in reading instruction has been failed by their institution and will either have to be trained by their school - at considerable expense - or more likely...
Read 7 tweets
27 Jun
‘Literacy development is experience dependent - it can only develop when children are explicitly taught text specific processes. Children need explicit instruction in order to learn to read and write fluently...’
‘...In contrast, language development is experience expectant. The brain is primed to develop these skills if we experience appropriate linguistic input and interaction during the critical period and develops even in the face of serious barriers such as deafness.’(Birr Moje 2020)
‘Reading for understanding requires students’ knowledge of the language of text, in particular sophisticated vocabulary and complex syntax.’ ( Snow and Uccelli, 2009).
Read 5 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Too expensive? Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal Become our Patreon

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!