In small-town Louisiana, it was still cool in 1926 to arrest "idle negroes" who weren't working for local white farmers.

Once their labor force was captive, farmers would bail them out "as fast as they were locked up" and put them to work to pay off their bail.
(The Rayne Tribune, Oct. 9, 1926.)
Still happening in Shreveport in 1945.

And note the union involvement. People don't realize how much of the anti-union sentiment in the south is based on the desire to continue ownership over the labor of black people after 1865.

(Shreveport Times, Feb. 10, 1945.)
Arresting black people "because of complaints received from many local industries that they are unable to keep workers on the job."

"Many companies have agreed to furnish the [police] with the names and records of employees who leave the job."

(Shreveport Times, June 28, 1944.)
"Twenty idle negroes were taken into custody by city police on Lee street yesterday." 12 said they had jobs; no matter.

(Alexandria Town Talk, Aug. 11, 1943.)
"'Idle negroes in Alexandria are either going to the cotton fields and pick cotton, or they are going to jail,' said Mayor Lamkin today."

(Alexandria Town Talk, Oct. 1, 1931.)
"Mayor Lamkin and Chief Legg state that they cannot round up these people and load them onto wagons and send them to the farms, but that they can arrest them and jail them if they refuse to go."
"The place for negroes is on the farms of America or back in Africa."

(Eunice News, Mar. 31, 1927.)
"It seems that they cannot stand education and other good treatment by their superiors.

"Their place is not in automobiles, nor in responsible positions where they would soon absorb the idea that they are the white man's equal if not his superior."
"Idle negroes seem to be giving trouble in all the cities of the nation while there are millions of bales of cotton still in the field unpicked."

(The Alabama Journal, Montgomery, Oct. 18, 1961.)
"Prompted by a shortage of cotton pickers, city and county law enforcement got together Monday in an effort to round up Negroes who refuse to go to the fields...

"About 16 were placed in jail and the campaign will be continued..."

(The Bryan Eagle, Texas, Sept. 11, 1945.)
"The negroes were rounded up by the marshal and booked. Under present conditions and due to the labor shortage idle negroes are urged to get jobs or face vagrancy charges."

(The Cameron Herald, Texas, July 29, 1943.)
"Since launching a concerted drive about a month ago against negroes who are not working, approximately 40 have been charged with vagrancy."

The sheriff "reiterated Monday that the negroes are either going 'to work or fight or get out of the county.'"

(Miami Herald, 1943.)
In Clearwater, Fla., the target was "idle negroes loafing in beer parlors and on the corners in the negro section."

And a special focus: "negro women who formerly worked" but "now lived on the allotment sent back by their husbands in the Army."

(St. Petersburg Times, 4/27/43.)
What prompted the roundups? Concern that "the negroes demanded shipyard salaries or they would not work. Some...have been making from $15 to $20 a day."

(St. Petersburg Times, April 21, 1943.)
When a man drove up to a group of black people and "asked them if any wanted to work, their first inquiry was, what sort of work. When the farmer told them, there was a chorus of 'Hell, no!'"

This was "Intolerable" to the editor of the Statesville (N.C.) Landmark, 10/8/42.
Military recruiters "found a valuable friend in the Mt. Holly (NC) police department. The officers lent 'wholehearted cooperation' in rounding up all idle Negroes in Mt. Holly."

(Raleigh News & Observer, Aug. 6, 1942.)
"Last week 101 idle Negroes were picked up on the streets of Centreville and, it is reported, 'agreed' to go to work picking strawberries."

(Baltimore Sun, May 11, 1942.)
"'Go to work at $4 a day on defense jobs or work in county jail for nothing,' Criminal Judge William V. Alsbury told idle negroes here Thursday."

(Miami News, Dec. 12, 1941.)

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More from @jbenton

7 Nov
BIDEN DEFEATS TRUMP
Read 14 tweets
27 Sep
Biden (and, to an extent, Chris Wallace) have an astonishing opportunity on Tuesday night.

There have been a gazillion shocking stories written about Trump — and in general, they've barely moved the needle.

But on Tuesday, up to 100 million people will be...paying attention.
Biden has an enormous menu of options on what to focus on from the past 4 years — not just what's important but what might *stick* when people are paying attention that didn't when people weren't.
Like, remember the NYT tax evasion story from 2018? "Trump stole hundreds of millions of dollars from taxpayers through an illegal scheme to enrich himself."

Would that stick any better when 100 million people are focused, for however short a moment?

nytimes.com/interactive/20…
Read 5 tweets
26 Sep
Two years ago:

Famous liberal law professor says conservative SCOTUS nominee is actually awesome even though the prof thinks he's wrong about everything — because he's super smart!

*Five grafs in: Did I mention he was my law school student?

nytimes.com/2018/07/09/opi…
Today:

Famous liberal law professor says conservative SCOTUS nominee is actually awesome even though the prof thinks she's wrong about everything — because she's super smart!

*Four grafs in: Did I mention we clerked on SCOTUS together?

bloomberg.com/opinion/articl…
It's a remarkable denial of the raw political fact — accepted by every other player here — that the Supreme Court is an extraordinarily powerful force governing the lives of Americans, not an elite debating society for your generation's most spectacular legal minds.
Read 8 tweets
25 Sep
@MicrosoftEdge Hello! I use Edge on my Mac and like using it on my iPad. But Edge iOS loses tabs more than any other browser I've used.

Once you get to around 100 open tabs, Edge iOS starts randomly (afaik, can't find the pattern) closing the oldest open tabs.
Found this out by accident and have not replicated it multiple times (including a few minutes ago!). I have also lost *all* open Edge tabs on iOS two or three times, with no apparent cause.
And unless I'm missing it, the things you might do to get around this problem aren't available. There's no "Recently Closed Tabs" you could refer to when something gets mistakenly auto-closed. And no "Bookmark All Open Tabs" that could at least take a snapshot of your open tabs.
Read 4 tweets
24 Sep
This is almost more dispiriting than "we messed up."

Trump said this at 6:30. The @nytimes really can't get news that breaks at 6:30 p.m. onto Page 1 of the late city edition?
At my first newspaper job in the late 1990s, the final edition didn't hit the press until 1:30 a.m.

As of 2015, the Times' *first* city edition closed at 10:45 p.m., followed by 12:00 a.m. and 12:30 a.m. closes.

popularmechanics.com/technology/a14… Image
Print deadlines have gotten waaaaay earlier at a lot of papers, though the primary reason is that centralization has meant local papers are now sometimes printed a state or two away. (Like Gannett's Ohio papers now printed in Indianapolis.)

dispatch.com/news/20200106/…
Read 5 tweets
24 Sep
False beliefs in COVID-related misinformation — like "it was created as a weapon in a Chinese lab," or "taking antibiotics prevents it" — have been stubbornly consistent since the pandemic's start

(People aren't learning as this drags on)

kateto.net/covid19/COVID1… Image
Also, there is a gap between Democrats and Republicans in how likely they are to believe COVID misinformation — but it's not a very big one in most cases.

(The "made in a Chinese lab" statement is the biggest exception: 35% of GOPers believe it, versus 14% of Democrats.) Image
What *does* predict whether you believe COVID misinformation? Where you get your news.

Worst is chat apps (WhatsApp, FB Messenger). Almost as bad is social media more broadly.

Best? Good ol' traditional media: newspapers, TV news, news websites. Image
Read 4 tweets

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