Before elevators the classic 5+2 Parisian apartment house looked much the same as good apartment buildings have done since the days of ancient Rome. Far more economically diverse than today: shops on ground floor, the rich on top of that, then middle class, at top, working class.
Rich people weren't interested in walking up all those stairs, so the higher you got in the house the smaller and cheaper the apartments got. Today we have elevators, so these houses are more economically homogenous than they used to be, often the top floor is the most expensive.
A good example of what life was like on the top floor can be seen in the sweet 1947 film "Antoine and Antoinette", a young married couple at 46 avenue de Saint-Ouen, Paris 18th arr. at unbelievably densely populated 46,000/km². Modern Manhattan has a mere 10,194/km².
Their building occupies 177m² and houses about 55 people today, probably more in 1947. Built in 1900, it would hardly be affordable to working class couples today. Their 25m² (maybe?) flat would cost at least $250,000, without the rich social life, but with an elevator.

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More from @wrathofgnon

9 Nov
I cut my thatch by hand, with a sickle, bind it with hemp twine. The bundles I sell are far more expensive than machine harvested thatch, but I select for quality. The machine only selects for what is easily harvested. The thatch I cut lasts longer. The human hand is superior.
(Obviously that isn't me in the photo but everything else is identical.)
Sickle cut thatch grows better. Over generations of harvesting you get thatch growing in telltale clusters. When I harvest in a new area I look for those clusters. My ancestors tell me where the best thatch grows. Machines cut everything in a straight line: it leaves no tracks...
Read 4 tweets
4 Nov
Corncob has long been used in Portugal as a building material, recent testing shows it has great potential as an insulation product, comparable to the XPS or EPS products we are currently using, except that corn cob is a byproduct, organic, sustainable. intechopen.com/books/insulati…
Here we have this agricultural by-product (waste), hundreds of millions of tons produced each year, that can easily be converted (using cheap farm tools) to high functioning thermal insulation. Why keep using environmentally disastrous plastics and foams? Thermal, acoustic. Image
While not as fire resistant as clay, cob, brick, etc., but as insulation materials go it is exponentially safer than EPS or XPS, the stuff you most likely have in your walls. Flashover in about two minutes, but you'll be dead by toxic fumes before that.
Read 8 tweets
1 Nov
Mukago-gohan is a traditional dish in the Japanese autumn. Cook the mukago with rice, add a little cooking spirits and salt: delicious. Very nutritious. We found it growing wild on a mountain in Tokyo. If you luck out and find it in a supermarket, 200g of it is $7 to $10 USD.
Mukago is actually the seed/fruits (propagule) of yamanoimo, Japanese mountain yam. If you find it growing wild you know there's delicious yams growing right underneath the vines (unfortunately digging for yams isn't allowed on that mountain so we had to settle for the mukago).
The vines are easy to spot just when the mukago are ripe for harvesting: they're usually the first leaves to turn yellow in the undergrowth of a steep mountain forest. Rather than picking them, you hold an umbrella underneath and shake the vine, the mukago easily simply falls of.
Read 4 tweets
31 Oct
This little plant, rarely seen in Japan today, used to be tremendously important: Perilla frutescens, Egoma in Japanese. Before petroleum oils and rapeseed, its seeds were the main source of fuel oil in the country, production and trade was strictly regulated by oil guilds, yuza.
Today its edible leaves are rarely used in cooking and the oil is taken as a nutritional supplement since it is very rich in alpha-Linolenic acid (raw or as a seasoning or even in coffee since it has very little taste).
I came across a large stand today in an old park, it was probably the grounds of a temple or religious family homestead once upon a time. I have never seen them grow wild before.
Read 4 tweets
28 Oct
Starting in mid-17th century until mid-19th, several wooden cantilevered bridges were built in Japan. This one in Toyama prefecture, built 1663, was 63m long. But there was an even longer, in Shizuoka prefecture, which has an interesting backstory of environmental destruction.
In 1692 the bridge over the river Oi was rebuilt (the first bridge was built in 1607), at 72.8m. Unrelated, the same year logging operations started at a site 10km upstream. It was so badly managed that when it was stopped in 1700, 3600ha of forest had been clear cut.
The loss of the forest meant rainwater had nowhere to go except into the river which gradually grew wider and wider as it eroded the sides of the valleys it passed through. In 1700 the bridge had to be torn down and replaced with a new and longer one, at 85.5m.
Read 5 tweets
27 Oct
The traditional "shophouses", can be found all over Asia (and beyond). In Phuket Old Town (Thailand), there are several streets preserved of this human scaled vernacular 1-3 story townhouses, examples of Sino-Portuguese style. This is South East Asian gold standard #GoodUrbanism.
A typical shophouse (whether in Phuket or Hanoi or Singapore or Kyoto) is a two story building in local materials, with a shop on the ground floor and living space above. The plots are deep and narrow to preserve valuable street frontage.
The style of the individual buildings is not the most important thing, they can be easily adapted even in modern materials, but the scale is unbeatable. The shophouses in Phuket are from the late 19th c. to the late 20th c., as these reinforced concrete buildings.
Read 5 tweets

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