1/11

There is almost as much excited the-world-is-changing nonsense generated by the signing of the RCEP as there was by the creation in 2016 of the AIIB, and because of many of the same confusions over the sources and consequences of global imbalances.

scmp.com/news/china/dip…
2/11

According to this article, "the RCEP encompasses close to one-third of the world’s population and global economy, and is projected to add US$186 billion to the world economy through improved regional trade."
3/11

How? The RCEP countries together have been running current account surpluses of more than 2% of their collective GDP, and except perhaps in the cases of Australia and New Zealand, these surpluses are based on structural savings imbalances. They are consequently...
4/11

very hard to eliminate without politically-difficult domestic adjustments that none of them want to accept.

This means that the RCEP can only function as a trade bloc either if some of its members are forced into running deficits (in practice only Australia and...
5/11

New Zealand, but they are too small to absorb more than a small fraction of the total), or if the RCEP is simply a surplus trading bloc in search of counterparts willing to run large deficits.

But who? The developing world is too small to absorb these deficits. The EU...
6/11

is itself running large surpluses, and while these might be declining, it will be many years before the weaker EU economies in the south and east can tolerate a collective deficit.

That leaves only the US, the UK, and Canada, and if they should take real steps to limit...
7/11

the deficits they are willing or able to run with RCEP, for example by limiting net capital inflows, the RCEP will fall apart as each surplus country tries to protect its all-important exports at the expense of imports and its trade partners.
8/11

In the end many of us seem to be stuck in a past in which the problem of global trade is high frictional costs. This hasn't been the case for decades, and in fact, as Matthew Klein and I explain in our book, the frictional costs of trade may even...

yalebooks.yale.edu/book/978030024…
9/11

already be too low. The point is that the problem of global trade is deep, persistent, structural imbalances, not high frictional costs. RCEP proposes only to reduce the latter, and it ignores the former.

In the end the global trading system can only function...
10/11

because collectively trade, by definition, is balanced. In practice this means that it functions because the US and the other "Anglophone" countries are able to run the deficits that balance the surpluses of the rest. A trading system that is structurally geared to...
11/11

running surpluses is not a trading system. Unless the RCEP explains what each country is going to do to bring their collective trade into balance, it is just a bunch of countries in a Wikipedia article.

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More from @michaelxpettis

16 Nov
1/7

The headline is a little deceptive. While October's retail sales (a proxy for consumption) were 4.3% higher than last October, the increase was well below expectations and, more importantly, much less than the 6.9% growth in industrial production.

bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
2/7

October, in other words, contributed to a worsening of the domestic consumption imbalance, not an improvement. While we are seeing the beginning of a recovery in consumption, there is no way consumption this year will be up – retail sales were down 5.9% in the...
3/7

first 10 months of 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. GDP, however, will probably be up 2-3% for the year. This means that the consumption share of GDP will actually decline this year by around 2 percentage points.
Read 7 tweets
15 Nov
1/9

Very interesting article: China-based high-yield funds have rushed in to buy bonds of troubled Chinese state-owned enterprises on the back of a sharp sell-off caused by the default last week of a Henan coal-mining SOE.

ft.com/content/4ab1ff…
2/9

Their buying, however, has almost nothing to do with credit analyses and is little more than a highly-speculative, binomial bet on whether or not the government will step in, as they have in the past, and restructure liabilities in a way that resolves the default.
3/9

Basically these funds are betting that, once again, the regulators will be so frightened by the short-term impact of allowing a default that they back away and arrange a bailout. One fund manager cited in this article makes no bones about the strategy: “The central...
Read 9 tweets
12 Nov
1/5

It’s great that the idea of raising minimum wages is become increasingly acceptable. Higher wages, in a world of weak demand, stagnant investment and underutilized resources, will boost business investment by boosting consumer demand, and this...

ft.com/content/79156f…
2/5

increase in business investment will raise total production by enough to satisfy both higher consumption and higher investment. It is high wages, after all, that encourage businesses to boost profits by investing in productivity-enhancing technology.
3/6

Unless of course they can boost profits by moving production offshore. We shouldn’t forget that what has helped drive wages down across the globe, relative to productivity, has been the need for countries to compete internationally in a world in which the frictional costs...
Read 7 tweets
12 Nov
1/5

A Shanghai professor calls Singles Day sales "a barometer to observe China’s economy". He adds that "this online shopping festival will not only serve as an incubator for business innovation, but will also boost the domestic consumer market".

en.people.cn/n3/2020/1112/c…
2/5

I've said this before, but strong online sales do not mean that consumption is reviving. They mostly mean that consumption is shifting from offline to online. It isn't that online sales will have no effect on rebalancing demand, but what matters is not more online sales.
3/5

What matters is how online sales affect the distribution of income in China. By lowering costs for consumers, online selling might indeed raise the household share of GDP, but this impact can be partly or fully mitigated by its impact on raising unemployment.
Read 5 tweets
12 Nov
1/4

Interesting article by @shuli_ren. The unusual combination in China of extremely high debt levels, slowing growth and very low default rates suggests what most of us suspected anyway: that default rates in China are largely determined...

bloomberg.com/opinion/articl…
2/4

by the regulators as part of their managing risks for the banking system. Most potential defaults are postponed or avoided by forcing banks and other institutional creditors to restructure their lending.

In that case you cannot use historical data to determine...
3/4

future expected default rates. Low defaults in the past will remain low in the future until the costs to financial stability get too high, after which they will rise sharply. This seems to have happened in Japan in the early 1990s when the bubble economy began to...
Read 4 tweets
11 Nov
1/6

Good article. Winston Mok is right to argue that improved social welfare and policies that raise rural incomes will help China "rebalance" its economy towards domestic consumption as its driving force.

scmp.com/comment/opinio…
2/6

In fact anything that directly or indirectly transfers income to ordinary households will help, although as Mok points out, we are talking about huge transfers – perhaps as much as 20-30 percentage points of GDP by his count.
3/6

But what he, along with most other analysts, doesn't discuss are the political implications of rebalancing, which also explain why it has been so hard to do in the past. Given the sheer extent of the Chinese imbalances (the greatest in history) for China sufficiently...
Read 6 tweets

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