Much of my time as a speechwriter is spent helping leaders open up and talk about what matters most to them, no matter how personal/painful, because when they do, their words have such power. Amazing article by Meghan Markle which will speak to so many. nytimes.com/2020/11/25/opi…
It’s striking how many rhetorical devices are used in this article. These give an extra sense that you are hearing Meghan’s voice...
She opens with breathless sentences, an ancient rhetorical device known as asyndeton, creating a sense of urgency...
‘Make breakfast. Feed the dogs. Take vitamins. Find that missing sock. Pick up the rogue crayon that rolled under the table. Throw my hair in a ponytail...’
She bundles together rhetorical contrasts in groups of three, a device which often features at the beginning of Presidential addresses
‘Peaceful protests become violent. Health rapidly shifts to sickness. In places where there was once community, there is now division.’
It was also a rhetorical contrast that made the most heartbreaking and memorable line from the article
‘I knew, as I clutched my firstborn child, that I was losing my second.’
She also uses rhetorical repetition
‘We are at odds over whether science is real. We are at odds over whether an election has been won or lost. We are at odds over the value of compromise.’
And again
‘What if no one stopped? What if no one saw her suffering? What if no one helped?’
Rhetorical repetition in groups of three like this is very common in speeches (see my TEDx talk), quite unusual in articles.
She also has a nice metaphor about opening the door and taking steps toward...
‘Some have bravely shared their stories; they have opened the door, knowing that when one person speaks truth, it gives license for all of us to do the same.’
Meghan is a brilliant communicator. She knows how to speak like a leader. If you want to understand more about the techniques she is using, check out my ‘Speak Like A Leader’ TEDx talk.
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Wow! That was a sublime speech by Joe Biden. Half way through, he says ‘No rhetoric is needed’ but he actually uses a heap of rhetorical devices throughout. In my 2016 Speak Like A Leader TEDx, I set out the six most powerful rhetorical devices... cnn.com/2020/08/20/pol…
Phenomenal speech by Barack Obama at the DNC. Amusingly, whilst he begins the speech promising to speak ‘as plainly as [he] can’, his speech is actually packed to the brim with the classical rhetorical techniques which are his hallmark. pbs.org/newshour/polit…
So, firstly, the speech follows an off the shelf structure which comes straight from classical rhetoric. It’s one I recommended in my book for political speeches. There are six steps to the structure...
1. Exposition of theme - what’s at stake 2. Narrative history - constitution signed in Philly 3. Division - the choice(s) we face - Joe or Trump 4. Argument in support - Biden good/Trump bad 5. Refutation - to those who are disillusioned... 6. Climax - Vote like never before!
The idea that all people are born equal is written into the code of pretty much every religion, constitution and corporate code on the planet. To say you disagree with this notion is socially unacceptable, so people convey their prejudices another way, through metaphor...
Everyday the same few metaphors are repeated over and over again, in pop music, movies and the press. Poor are scum. Immigrants are vermin. Sick are vegetables. The elderly are a burden. Black people are animals. Conversely, entertainers are stars and business people are titans.
Studies show we only need to hear a word five times before it’s meaning sticks. One pop song can instil the idea that black people are animals or women are bitches in less time than it takes to boil an egg. This matters. Metaphors shape our responses to matters of life and death.