The Brexit negotiations have been such a disaster because Britain never had a serious debate about what it most wanted to achieve. Instead, ministers spent years pretending no trade-offs were necessary. We could have everything we wanted, if we only had the courage to believe.
Ministers boasted, repeatedly, that we could have unlimited sovereignty, frictionless trade, full access to the Single Market & "the exact same benefits" as the CU. Compromise was not a way to achieve the things we most valued, but a surrender of our ability to have it all.
As Ben Jackson wrote in 2019, Conservatives have drawn a dangerous lesson from the Thatcher years. "Compromise" and "negotiation" are dismissed as signs of weakness, not as a way to achieve the most advantageous outcome in a world we do not control. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
To that mindset, the trade-offs necessary to achieve a "soft Brexit" could only be understood as an act of cowardice. Instead of viewing compromise as a way of securing the best achievable form of Brexit, anyone who went down this path was viewed as a "Remainer" and a "saboteur".
In a different mental universe, a negotiated Brexit that sought the best achievable balance between autonomy & economic access might have been regarded as a success: something to which govt aspired. Instead, it was presented as an unnecessary derogation from some Platonic ideal.
If everything is a red line, only two outcomes are possible: no deal at all, or a thin deal that's denounced as a betrayal by the very people who were told concessions were unnecessary. Brexit has been a giant exercise in hubris. As a Classicist, Johnson should know what follows.

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More from @redhistorian

11 Dec
The 1970s was a decade of serious anxiety about food supplies. Norman Tebbit, of all people, urged the government to consider rationing basic foodstuffs. That played a significant role in the decision to join the EEC, and raises some important questions today. [THREAD]
2. The UK has not been able to feed itself since the early C19th. Even for an industrial economy, it is unusually dependent on imported food. And by the 1970s, a mixture of bad harvests, population growth, inflation & the collapse of Commonwealth agreements was starting to bite.
3. In 1974, for example, Caribbean sugar imports dropped by a third, as producers abandoned Commonwealth trade agreements and sold to more lucrative markets elsewhere. Supermarkets introduced informal rationing, and consumer organisations urged the public to stop buying sugar.
Read 15 tweets
6 Dec
It doesn't speak well of our democracy that the most important question in British politics depends entirely on the decision of one man. If Johnson agrees a deal, it happens. If he doesn't, tough. MPs, ministers, the public are all just bystanders, waiting to hear what he decides
As @stephenkb explains in this thread, a trade deal does not need parliamentary approval. If a deal requires changes in domestic law, Parliament may have to vote on those changes - but even there the votes can (and will) be carefully limited.
Concentrating power in the hands of the PM isn't just undemocratic. As @DavidHenigUK points out, it has shut down any serious discussion about what a trade deal *should* do. We've abandoned policy debate for punditry, trying to guess what Johnson might do.
Read 4 tweets
5 Dec
This is a brilliant article by @rafaelbehr on why we may be looking in the wrong direction for the dangers to liberal democracy. In looking back to old & familiar dangers, we may miss the new forces that are eating at the foundations of our democracy.[1/5] prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/you-h…
As @rafaelbehr argues, what "really challenges the stability of democracy" is not a specific ideology, but a "digital infrastructure" that "facilitates polarisation, sorting people into irreconcilable tribes & spinning them off towards the most extreme iteration of any opinion".
What drives Trump, Johnson & co is not some highly disciplined, common purpose, akin to fascism, but the destruction of any possibility of a common purpose beyond self-gratification. Their lack of seriousness is not a lucky glitch, but intrinsic to the phenomenon they represent.
Read 5 tweets
4 Dec
Was Brexit a product of "imperial nostalgia"? In a new article - currently on free access in the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History - I argue that it was not. Here's a summary of what it does (and doesn't) argue. [THREAD] tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
1. Britain's European debate has always been closely interwoven with the histories of empire. Membership raised hard questions about Britain's place in the world, its "natural" markets/allies, & its relations with its former colonies, all of which were soaked in the imperial past
2. Since 2016, it has become common to argue that "imperial nostalgia" drove the Leave vote. You'll find this argument in the British and international press and in a lot of academic commentary. But it obscures more than it reveals about the relationship between Brexit & Empire.
Read 16 tweets
28 Nov
"The Brexiteers’ definition of sovereignty has always been the core of the problem. It is the greatest failure of the Remain campaign that they scarcely engaged in, let alone won, this battle". blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2020/11…
This was not a mistake made by Remainers in the 1975 referendum. Pro-Europeans made a compelling argument that, in a modern, globalised world, sovereignty could *only* be defended by pooling decision-making across national borders.
As Margaret Thatcher told voters in 1975, the idea that Britain could "regain complete national sovereignty" by withdrawing from the EEC was "an illusion". "Our lives would be increasingly influenced by the EEC, yet we would have no say in decisions which would vitally affect us"
Read 4 tweets
20 Nov
Every healthy democracy in the world imposes checks & balances on the exercise of power. Those checks may be constitutional, legal, conventional or merely ethical, but they're crucial if democracy is not to become the tyranny of the largest faction. How are they faring in the UK?
2. Since taking power in 2019, the Johnson govt has:
- unlawfully suspended Parliament
- threatened to ignore legislation
- imposed its own chairs on Select Committees
- switched off the hybrid Parliament
- overseen a huge expansion in lawmaking by ministerial decree
[cont...]
3. cont...
- attacked "activist" judges & "do-gooder" lawyers
- tried to lift itself above international law
- sought to curtail judicial review
- torn up the Ministerial Code
- suspended procurement rules
-expelled 22 MPs for disloyalty & pledged a "hard rain" for civil servants
Read 7 tweets

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