We live in a world of complex systems that punish simple, linear thinking. The greatest minds consistently use second-order thinking to solve problems.
But what is "second-order thinking" and how does it work?
Here's Second-Order Thinking 101!
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1/ First, a few definitions.
First-order thinking focuses exclusively on solving an immediate problem, without regard for any potential consequences.
To paraphrase the words of the great @HowardMarksBook, it is "simplistic and superficial, and just about everyone can do it."
2/ Second-order thinking moves beyond the immediate problem and considers the multiple layers of implications and consequences of a given decision.
In short, it looks past the simple first-order effects of a decision and deeply examines the second, third, and Nth-order effects.
3/ But what does that really mean?
A simple analogy is of a rock being thrown into a lake.
The rock is your decision or action. It disturbs the calm and creates an impact.
The first impact (or splash) is the first-order effect. But it doesn't stop there, it spreads outwards.
4/ The chain of subsequent events (or ripples) are the second, third, and Nth-order effects.
When you make a decision or take action, it is critical to consider those ripples, not just the initial splash.
Failing to do so may lead to unintended consequences and new problems.
5/ Second-order thinking is a mental tool that forces you to consider the unconsidered.
It is a superpower that we all have within us - it just requires intentionality.
Let's look at a few examples of where this might come into play and how you can implement it in your life.
6/ In policymaking?
If you want an example of the dangers of first-order thinking, read my thread below on the Cobra Effect.
Problem: too many cobras.
Solution: offer a bounty for cobras.
Initial Outcome: fewer cobras.
Ultimate Outcome: more cobras!
10/ The second-order thinker takes time to examine beyond the positive first-order effects to evaluate the action in the context of all of the later effects.
To quote @ShaneAParrish, they diligently ask, "And then what?"
I think the whole “alcohol is poison” thing is too black and white.
Social connection is one of the most important factors for your physical health.
If having a beer with your friends promotes that connection, good for you.
If it doesn’t, also good for you.
The point: Do you.
I’ve personally reduced my alcohol consumption about 90-95%, but if I’m with a new or old friend and they want to share a drink of something special, I’m in.
Further, as a society, I think that we should worry less about the couple of beers we drink per month and more about the fact that we stare at phone screens all day, argue on social media with strangers, consume too much sugar, and are far more sedentary than our ancestors.
I'm thrilled to announce that my first book—The 5 Types of Wealth—is officially available for preorder everywhere books are sold!
I believe this book is going to change millions of lives. Its ideas have already changed mine...
So, what is The 5 Types of Wealth all about?
It's about rejecting the default and living life by design.
It's about realizing that your wealthy life may involve money, but in the end, it will be defined by everything else.
In this book, I offer a new way for you to think about your life centered around five types of wealth:
• Time Wealth
• Social Wealth
• Mental Wealth
• Physical Wealth
• Financial Wealth
A new way to measure what matters, make better decisions, and design your life around the pillars that truly create lasting joy and fulfillment.
Importantly, this book will not give you the answers. It will give you the right questions, so that you can uncover and act on them.
While the lens through which you view them will be individual, the stories, questions, ideas, and tools contained in this book are universal.
No matter who you are, or where you are on your journey, this book is for you.
If you’ve enjoyed any of my work, you’re going to find immense value in this book. I guarantee it.
My humble ask: Preorders are extremely important for the success of a book—retailers use the data to determine buys, placement, and more—so I'd be truly grateful for your support as I continue on my mission to create millions of positive ripples in the world.
If you reply and share this tweet, I'll personally message you my thanks and a few ideas I think you'll enjoy in the book. No automations, just me, because real impact is personal and human.
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I used to make fun of my Dad for buying People Magazine at Hudson News to read on planes.
The silent productivity killer you've never heard of...
Attention Residue (and 4 strategies to fight back):
The concept of "attention residue" was identified by Dr. Sophie Leroy in 2009.
The idea is simple:
There is a cognitive cost to shifting your attention from one task to another. When our attention is shifted, a "residue" remains and impairs our performance on the new task.
It's relatively easy to find examples of this effect in your own life:
You get on a call but are still thinking about the prior call.
An email pops up during meeting and derails your focus.
You check your phone during a lecture and can't refocus afterwards.