The 8th war of colonial resistance began on this day in 1850. AmaNgqika launched an attack on colonial settlements 2 months after Harry Smith deposed (the audacity) ukumkani uSandile for not attending one of his meetings.
So many towns in South Africa are named after battle zones and generals who invaded and stole this land. Give yourself a moment to read some of the work written about this era: You're likely to be reminded of a town you'd passed through or lived in etc.
Harry Smith was so arrogant he fell out with a lot of people that could've been allies by the time this war began. The free burghers he could've asked to help out just kept it moving. Didn't bat an eyelid. The Black people who worked as police resigned.
AbaThembu namaGcaleka also assisted with this attack as well as Khoe soldiers. There's an account that made me think of Prof Hlonipha Mokoena's work. AmaNgqika apparently posed as converted Christians went into town for Christmas celebrations when they staged this attack.
Strategy on the part of AmaXhosa was very much guerilla-like. Oftentimes no battle lines were drawn or wars declared. Just attack.
Which makes sense to me because colonial advancement was the declaration of war. Everything after that on the part of the people being dispossessed of their land was a response to this invasion.

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More from @valavoosh

27 Dec
Remembering the 212 enslaved Africans who drowned on this day in 1794 when ship they were on, Sao Jose Paquete de Africa, got caught between two reefs off the Camps Bay coast and broke apart. They were among 543 enslaved people who had been kidnapped from Mozambique.
The 331 survivors were sold to Dutch farmers. The ship had set sail 3 weeks before heading for Brazil.
These were some of the remains of the ship found five years ago by archeologists. ImageImage
Read 10 tweets
1 Dec
Slavery was abolished in the Cape on this day in 1834. Slavery had been in existence for 176 years. Slave owners were compensated for this "loss of labour" (the audacity) but had to travel to England to collect their cheques.
Historians, writers etc note this occasion as a factor that led to the great trek. It is also one of the reasons indentured labour became a source of cheap labour (a neo-slavery of sorts) in 1860. For the Cape, Kru people were contracted from West Africa to work in the Cape.
Man, these guys thanked God when they won in 1948. Their trek was finally complete and they could enjoy what they'd lost in 1834. The link between slavery and apartheid must never be underestimated.
Read 6 tweets
26 Sep
This month marks the 50th anniversary of MaNgutyana's release from solitary confinement. These were taken the day of her release. Frame 2 are her sisters & her step-mother. On the left is Nonyaniso Madikizela next to her is her step mom & far right is Iris Xaba.
📸: Drum archives ImageImage
Step mom is the one in the beret. I didn't find the name of the other person. It looks like she could be Lieby. I want us to remember the role families played in supporting activists and the stories of harrassment we they endured that we may never know.
She also once played a supportive role before 1964 where she entered the struggle full throttle. Here she is in 1958 behind Madiba to Aziz Pahad's right as he addresses a crowd during the Treason Trial. Image
Read 4 tweets
26 Sep
Mam' Nomzamo was born on this day on 1936. She would have turned 84 today. Here she is with Zindzi and her sister-in-law umama uLieby Piliso. Image
UmaNgutyana was born eMbizana to Methodist parents. uTata wakhe had decided not to take up chieftaincy much to the disapproval of his mother Makhulu uSeyina (who blamed her daughter-in-law, Nomathamsanqa) for this decision). He also refused to take more wives.
MaNgutyana were a clan integrated into King Faku's royal house through marriage when iNkosi uMazingi and Faku made treaty in the years of migration and upheaval around the era kaSgidi. UMazingi had been known for his military strength and ruled in the mkhomazi region.
Read 32 tweets
25 Sep
20 000 people made their way to Victoria Grounds, King Williams Town on this day in 1977 to pay their last respects to Steve Biko. I don't doubt it would've been more, some taxis coming out of town were prevented from entering eQonce.
📸: Drum Social Histories via Time Magazine ImageImage
BPC President, Mam' Winne Kgware was in one of those taxis. She had to hitch hike to make it to the funeral. An ox wagon carries the coffin of the Black People's Convention's honorary president to his final resting place in Ginsburg.

📸: same as above. Image
The funeral took place exactly 3 years after the BPC organized the frelimo rally in solidarity in honor of Mozambique's independence. This led to the SASO 9 trial in which Steve Biko gave what I think is the most political witness testimony in SA history.
📸: Vino Reddy Image
Read 4 tweets
24 Sep
It's very strange to me that we rarely tell the story of the significant role certain women played in King Shaka's life and death. These interesting stories aren't amplified enough. So let's start with Mkabayi Ka Jama, who according to tradition should have never even lived.
Also Oral history has so many different interpretations of the history of the Zulu nation and this particular dynasty, so feel free to add the narratives you have been told. Let's build the thread together.
So uMkabayi was a twin. According to tradition she and Mmama (I hope this is the correct spelling) were not supposed to live. Some argue only one of them should have been killed? Others say both. Twins were a bad omen. But Dad, king Jama refused to allow his daughters to die.
Read 19 tweets

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