THE FIRST OPIUM WAR.

1. In many ways, China shared a great deal similarities with Northern Nigeria at the time. My story is set in 18th century China. The “First Opium War” between Britain & China, was under the Daoguang Emperor, the 7th Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Image
2. China was closed to western influence. She had gained trade surplus from trade imbalances with Britain. At the time, Chinese tea, porcelain & silk were in high demand in Europe. China refused innovation, oblivious of the rapid industrialization happening in the west,
3. especially the steam engines in Britain, China refused trade with the outside world.

In contrast, the Industrial Revolution in Britain was underway. Britain & its East India Company made efforts to trade with China. But all attempts to get China to allow opium trade, failed. ImageImage
4. China had not ventured out into the known world, so the Chinese thought themselves; “superior.”

British envoy landed in China with great deal industrial goods as gifts to the Emperor of China, but the Emperor & his generals boasted they needed non of those. ImageImage
5. British party would wait another 3 months before returning back to their country. It was a deadlock. China won’t grant trade concessions to the English. Britain had been trading Opium through her merchants trading opium illegally, throughout China trade routes.
6. By that time, most of Chinese abled men, workers, pubs & restaurants, even men of the Chinese military & monks, had become opium addicts. Huge profits from opium threatened China’s previously enjoyed “trade surpluses.” It maintained constant flow of revenue into Great Britain. ImageImage
7. The Emperor of China declared war on opium, seizing large containers of British ships ferrying opium into China territories. Most of the opium were destroyed. Harsh measures in form of capital punishment by “death,” was even decreed, to be handed down to opium addicts.
8. This destruction of opium laden British merchant ships, provoked Britain. In fact, the Emperor of China had placed 24hr guard & patrol on Chinese coast lines, he wanted no foreigners coming into China.

And so the British parliament went into a rowdy session, & the debate? Image
9. “Shud Britain declare war on China?” Under strong pressure & intense lobbying from various trade & manufacturer associations, the Whig controlled cabinet under Prime Minister Melbourne, declared war on China. The dice was cast, WAR it is!! British war ships set sail for China.
10. By the time the first gunshot was fired by the British Royal navy ships, Chinese cannons was no match for the superior-technological advanced British cannons. British cannons had precision & range.
11. Firing from a distance, it took just 15 mins for Britain to defeat the Chinese in the Battle of Chuenpi.

In humiliation, & inability to stomach defeat, the Chinese general committed suicide. The war would last on for another 2 years, 11 months, 3 weeks & 4 days. ImageImage
12. The first gunshot was fired from the British Royal Navy ships HMS Volage & HMS Hyacinth on the 4 September 1839.

In the aftermath of the series of battles & defeats that followed, China ceded Hong Kong to Britain, the Treaty of Nanking was signed, ImageImage
13. China paid heavy taxes to Britain & opened up five of its ports (including Shanghai) to Britain.

The United States & France seized the moment & made incursions into China as well. Both concluded similar treaties with China: the Treaty of Wanghia & the Treaty of Whampoa. Image
14. In the end, China was up for grabs; balkanized by the West. In despair, & growing resentment for the Daoguang emperor, the people of China will rise in revolt against the Qing Dynasty.
15. The Revolution that followed is known as the “Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Rebellion,” led by “Hong Xiuquan” & his radical Chinese Christians in 1851. Although in the end it was a Qing victory, the Qing dynasty was severely weakened in the aftermath. ImageImage
16. Now the moral of this history: China refused to learn, they refused western civilization. They refused to innovate. In the end, the empire paid the price. Since Saudi Arabia is opening up herself to western influence. Will northern Nigeria ever open itself to see the light???
ceasing*
ceased*

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More from @firstladyship

30 Dec
1. Yes Northern Nigeria had upper hand (not of their making btw), but they were first in the pecking order of things, had better interactions with the West (Britain in this context). But did all of that “western influence” penetrate into Northern society? ImageImage
2. I understand history is a very delicate subject in Nigeria. It arouses sentiments & biases. Understandably so, Nigeria history is not GOOD, no matter how you look at it, it doesn’t favor the people of Nigeria. So the government would rather not allow it in Nigeria schools.
3. Like it or not, the North have LITTLE to show, for a people whom Britain favored. Much of Eastern Nigeria societies, resisted the colonial conquests. Benin Kingdom put up a resistance. But today, western ideals & influence has penetrated much of the East, even its hinterlands ImageImage
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29 Dec
March 22, 1998: At the peak of his reign, Abacha planned to boast his image internationally with the visit of the Pontiff, His Holiness Pope John II. The Pope pressed Abacha to free 60 prisoners including MKO Abiola & Ken Saro-Wiwa (the Ogoni Nine). That appeal fell on deaf ears. ImageImage
2. Abacha carried on with iron fist. He sent Ken Saro-Wiwa (the Ogoni Nine) to a firing squared outside the Port Harcourt prison. Had Kudirat Abiola assassinated. MKO Abiola also died in somewhat suspicious circumstances, shortly after Abacha’s death. Abacha died on 8 June 1998. ImageImage
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29 Dec
1. BREAKING: The Catholic Bishop, the auxiliary bishop of Owerri has been kidnapped. Gunmen abducted the Catholic Auxiliary Archbishop of Owerri, Moses Chikwe, at about 8 pm Sunday, December 27, along Porth Harcourt road, Owerri, the Imo State capital. ImageImage
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1. You want to fix Nigeria? You want Nigeria to rival the West, 50 years from now? Then go back in time, study the history of the “First & the Second Opium Wars.” The mistakes China made & the lessons she learned from those two terrible defeats & humiliation.
2. China’s growth was deliberate, but not without resistance from the conservative Qing Dynasty. The Han Dynasty were progressives like the PDP, & receptive to Western influence. It took China another 75 years between 1842-1862 (defeats to the English & France),
3. & later part of the 19th century, to build her navy, reform her healthcare & education, translate western texts to Chinese language, open up her canals, train her military & send Chinese students to study in the US. China was closed to the world for much of the 18th century.
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25 Dec
THE MASSACRE OF THE INNOCENTS. Myth??

1. No serious historian will doubt of the existence of the man called Jesus. Many in the Christendom believe the gospels are the literal word of God & therefore must be accurate. But much about what we know about this world 2000 years ago,
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Herod died in 4 BC but before any of that, he was the ruthless king during Jesus’s birth, who would stop at nothing to keep his thrown.
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24 Dec
1. Like Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba was the independence leader & the first Prime Minister of the DRC. He was a pan-Africanist, an African nationalist, & the casualty of the US-Soviet Cold War. He was first deposed by Mobutu Sese Seko in 1960, with support from US & Belgium.
2. Then assassinated in 1961 by a firing squad, under the command of Tshombe Katagan regime. A mutiny broke out in the army shortly after Congolese Independence. Lumunba had requested aid from US & Belgium, to stop the “Katangan secessionists” that had risen from the mutiny.
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