the birth time and subsequent horoscope are idealized; it reflects a nocturnal birth so Venus and Mars are emphasized.
The placements likely invoke Iskandar’s grandfather Timur, with Mars in the 11th House reflecting the power to conquer the world
It’s a beautiful depiction of Persian and Timurid art and the continuation of astrological knowledge with references to the astrologer Abu Ma’shar and the use of the ancient al-hilaj technique in the commentary
Fateme Keshavarz wrote an in-depth analysis for the Wellcome Institute which breaks down the imagery
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The Great Pyramids have always captured our imagination. For medieval Muslims, they were a relic of a ancient age of knowledge; an edifice of magic, astrology, and the jinn.
A thread-
By the 9th century there were several theories for who actually built the pyramids.
One stated they were built by the last jinn king, ibn Jann who ruled in the age before humanity.
In this narration, the jinn were the original inhabitants of the world. They filled the earth with wonder and corruption in equal measure.
Eventually a great jinn war broke out in which the angels sided with the goodly jinn and drove out the wicked ones.
Astrologers from the medieval Islamic world envisioned history as a series of great planetary cycles. You've heard of the Great Conjunction on December 20th and the Age of Aquarius, but the medieval writers had different ideas.
According to them we are in a new age
A thread-
While the Age of Aquarius is not really a thing in the writings of medieval astrologers, they do have several techniques which divide up history into astrological ages, or world years.
One is the conjunctions of Jupiter and Saturn which we discussed in our last two threads.
The others are intiha’at, fardar, dawr, and qisma which were all related to one another
Every few hundred years Jupiter and Saturn meet in a conjunction. For medieval Muslim astrologers, the cycles of Jupiter and Saturn would be linked to world conquerors, messiahs, and the apocalypse.
The next Great Conjunction is on December 20th 2020.
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The Jewish-Persian astrologer Mashallah, drawing heavily from his Sassanian predecessors, argued all of world history was shaped by cycles of Jupiter-Saturn conjunctions.
They would be used to explain seismic political and historical changes.
In the little conjunction of 20 yrs Jupiter Saturn would meet in a sign indicating shifts in political winds and war.
In the great conjunction of 240ish yrs they would shift triplicity indicating the fall of empires, the rise of new dynasties, & the coming of a world conqueror
Every few hundred years, Jupiter and Saturn meet in a Great Conjunction. For medieval Muslim astrologers the cycles would represent the rise and fall of empires, the coming of messiahs, and foretell the apocalypse.
The next conjunction is December 20th 2020.
A thread-
Jupiter and Saturn are the two slowest classical wandering stars of astrology. Many civilizations from the Babylonians to the Greeks associated them with world-changing events.
But it would be the Persian Sassanians who would use their movements as unique time-periods.
According to scholars like Pingree, the idea was picked up by medieval astrologers of the Islamic world like Ma’shallah, Abu Mas’shar, Ibn Hibinta, Al Qabisi and others.
Eclipses like the ones coming up on 11/30 and 12/14 were of great importance to medieval Muslim astrologers. They featured in dire predictions and were used to time major events like wars.
A thread on eclipses and their history in a great rebellion
Accordingly, to Mashallah, Abu Ma’shar, and Sahl which sign an eclipse or Kusuf appears in and what sign is ascendant reveals its effects.
In Aries it spells the ruination of kings from war
In Taurus scarcity of crops and food is likely.
In Gemini a solar eclipse portends bloodshed among the people and danger in roads.
A lunar eclipse like the one on 11/30 warns of hot winds and storms.