1/12 @Agricura_ZW Agronomy Tip 20/365.
SPLIT APPLICATION OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS
In most cases, nitrogen fertilizer is the most costly major nutrient in any fertilizer program. By placing all the nitrogen requirements at planting @basera_john@MaminiminiObert@Madanzit
2/12 A farmer must rely on adequate rainfall during th growing season so that the crop can efficiently utilize the nitrogen. SPLIT APPLICATION is the process of matching nitrogen supply for a pre-established target yield & a given level of soil moisture @agribusiness110@mmawere
3/12 And then supplying the remaining nitrogen as moisture conditions improve. SPLIT APPLICATION is a strategic & a risk management tool in DRYLAND CROPPING. The practice serves as a way of managing plant nitrogen uptake more efficiently – Nitrogen Use Efficiency @WendyMadzura
4/12 (NUE) especially in an era of escalating nitrogen prices. Split applications of nitrogen give producers greater flexibility in their fertilizer programs. A split nitrogen application can be beneficial from an Agronomic, Economic and Environmental perspective @Fifi_dvc
5/12 A split nitrogen application allows you to hold back a significant portion of nitrogen until the plant is ready to utilize it. By reducing the amount of Nitrogen simply sitting in the soil, you prevent the potential for loss.
This practice MINIMIZES the risk @MoLAWRR_Zim
6/12 Of placing ALL THE NITROGEN at the time of planting. By providing nitrogen to meet the CHANGING DEMANDS OF A GROWING CROP, FARMERS can potentially increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Split application reduces the exposure of nitrogen in saturated soils @AgritexS@basera_john
7/12 Where the potential for losses such as LEACHING and DENITRIFICATION are increased. It also reduces the amount of product a producer must handle during the busy planting period. Proper timing and placement of nitrogen may help reduce nitrous oxide emissions @agribusinesszw
8/12 A very potent greenhouse gas. Did you know: Volatilization is more likely to occur as the temperature rises, as nitrogen converts to ammonia and evaporates into the atmosphere. Leaching is common in sandy soil, especially with heavy rainfall. Denitrification @akin_adesina
9/12 Generally occurs in wet & warm soil conditions & is common in areas with high humidity. There is a Shona phrase which says “Musapedze hwanja muchikuzha makunguwo, hanga dzichauya”. DO NOT APPLY your Nitrogenous/Top dressing fertilizers @zimagricsociety@MM_Garden1@mmawere
10/12 “ONCE-OFF’ but rather do “SPLIT N APPLICATIONS”.
When you split your N application and put a portion on later, ALMOST ALL of that second application will be taken up by the plant. Plant roots are more developed and better able to access the N and the @PGambara@mrLethario
11/12 Plant’s nitrogen requirement is increasing so uptake is much more efficient. Dividing total nitrogen application into two or more treatments can help growers enhance nutrient efficiency, promote optimum yields and mitigate the loss of nutrients @PhiriDivah@SandraNabasirye
12/12 The Agriculture industry is working harder than ever to demonstrate it is serious about Sustainable Farming Practices. Limiting Nitrogen loss is another way farmers can demonstrate that they are Responsible Stewards of the LAND @Agricura_ZW@BongayiGokoma@basera_john
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
1/6 @Agricura_ZW Agronomy Tip 21/365. #Good Land Husbandry Techniques. #Soil & Water Conservation.
There are many alternative soil & water conservation technologies which can be used together with conservation tillage to improve water conservation & soil fertility @basera_john
2/6 Whilst reducing soil erosion problems in your field. One such technology is CONTOUR PLOUGHING. On sloping land it is important to plough along the contour & not up & down the slope. This will help reduce soil erosion & keep moisture in the soil @MoLAWRR_Zim@zfu_official
3/6 So that plants can grow well to give good yields. If you plough along the contour, rainwater will not run down through the field & soil erosion will be less. Rainwater will be stored in the furrows & it will infiltrate into th soil. To ensure @agribusiness110@agribusinesszw
1/8 @Agricura_ZW Agronomy Tip 19/365
AMMONIUM NITRATE & UREA
There are 2 types of fertilizers which are normally used as top dressing by farmers - Ammonium Nitrate (AN) & Urea. Ammonium nitrate have got 34.5% of Nitrogen while Urea have got a slightly higher content @basera_john
2/8 That's 46% N. While farmers are aware of these 2 types of top dressing fertilizers - NOT many are knowledgeable about the correct way of applying UREA in particular.
Ammonium nitrate can be easily placed onto the ground next to the crop @CdeNMaswerasei@Fifi_dvc@MM_Garden1
3/8 While Urea has to be applied DIFFERENTLY. Placing Prilled/Granular Urea on top of the soil - next to the crop as is the case with Ammonium nitrate is TECHNICALLY WRONG due to it's high ability to VOLATILIZE into the air as AMMONIA GAS @MoLAWRR_Zim@AgritexS@SandraNabasirye
1/12 @Agricura_ZW Agronomy Tip 18/365. Fall Armyworm (FAW) is a devastating trans-boundary pest of Maize. The pest displays a wide host range attacking over 80 different plant species including major crops e.g. Cotton, Groundnuts, Sorghum, Wheat, Potatoes, Soyas @basera_john
2/12 Its polyphagous nature present challenges in
management due to the presence of alternative hosts outside the production season of main
crops. So far losses due to confirmed/suspected infestations of FAW in Maize, Sorghum, Rice & sugarcane in African countries @MoLAWRR_Zim
1/8) Agronomy Tip 17/365, 2021.
The Bean Stem Maggot
Bean Stem Maggots also known as Bean flies are often considered as the most important field pest of beans in Africa. They account for yield losses ranging from 80 - 100% @basera_john@agribusiness110@WendyMadzura@Fifi_dvc
2/8) The Bean fly has shiny wings & a black body. It lays its eggs on the first leaves of the bean seedlings as they emerge from the soil. The maggots hatch & enter inside the plant, where they feed. Bean stem maggots feed at the base of stems @SandraNabasirye@MoLAWRR_Zim
3/8) Which blocks movement of water & nutrients from the roots to the upper parts of the plant. The damage caused by Bean Stem Maggot is more serious during the seedling stage. The pest attack the plant at the beginning of the unfolding @CdeNMaswerasei@MaminiminiObert
WEED MANAGEMENT:
WE ALL KNOW that weeds are problematic. They compete with our crops for nutrients, water, sunlight. They also harbour pests & diseases. If Shamva grass is not controlled timeously, it can cause up to 70% yield reduction in MAIZE! @basera_john@agribusiness110
A weed free field from planting to harvesting, together with superior genetics from Syngenta, Seedco, Monsanto etc. plus good "Agronomics" in a most likely "Good Season" is indeed a "formula for robust productivity & success" USE @Agricura_ZW HERBICIDES FOR CLEANER FIELDS
For a Maize monocultural set up: A combination of Metolachlor 1.5Lt/ha + Atrazine 3Lt/ha is ideal in terms of pre-emergent HERBICIDES. Those into rotations ~ a combination of Metolachlor 1.5Lt/ha + MCPA 3Lt/ha is ideal! @basera_john@agribusiness110@MoLAWRR_Zim@WendyMadzura
1/2) Simple Agrometrics
When interpreting Soil Analysis Results, you MUST state the type of Crop e.g. Maize, Potato etc., then the Yield target e.g. 10 tons/ha etc. In terms of nutrition, YOU MUST FIRST SATISFY PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS @MoLAWRR_Zim@basera_john@WendyMadzura
2/2) This is because GENERALLY - ZIMBABWEAN SOILS LACK PHOSPHORUS! Also phosphorus is technically immobile in the soil, with some scholars arguing that mobility can never exceed 1/8 of an inch per YEAR! @basera_john@MoLAWRR_Zim@Rusere_Ronald@WendyMadzura@mucharedzeyi
1/2) SOIL ANALYSIS
Afterthought: Soil Analysis is done in the Laboratory. In ZIMBABWE one can take their samples to Aglabs at @Agricura_ZW, UZ, TRB @MoLAWRR_Zim , Zimlabs,, Results will come through in the form of a Soil Test Certificate @basera_john@MM_Garden1@Rusere_Ronald