Heikki Keskiväli Profile picture
Feb 8, 2021 12 tweets 7 min read Read on X
1/🧵

P/E and its variant CAPE (Cyclically Adjusted P/E) are popular metrics in predicting what future holds for stock markets. But there’s a better way.

In this thread I'll explain how INTEGRATED EQUITY works and what it is telling about today’s market.

Grab a cup of java!
2/🧵

I was originally introduced to “Integrated Equity” by a fantastic 2019 writing by OSAM’s @Jesse_Livermore, “The Earnings Mirage: Why Corporate Profits are Overstated and What It Means for Investors”.

This extensive 100-pager can be found at:
osam.com/pdfs/research/…
3/🧵

The core thesis is that reported book values are misleading due to inflation and share repurchases.

Firstly, book values are not revised over time with inflation.

Secondly, repurchases reduce company book value (see e.g. $SBUX, $AZO). Book value as is has its shortfalls. ImageImageImageImage
4/🧵

The approach for adjustments to formulate "integrated equity" is simple.

Firstly, earnings - excluding dividend payouts - stay within the company as equity.

Secondly, instead of nominal figures, use real figures that account for inflation impact on overall prices.
5/🧵

Now, just like when calculating price per book value (P/B), we can calculate price per integrated equity (P/IE).

Using Shiller's online data from 1871, the results for SP500 look as follows. (1871 assumed at P/IE 1,00)

Results for today are 14th highest ever (top 0.8%) Image
6/🧵

Now you may ask – so what?

Well, when we compare the predictive power of popular P/E and CAPE with P/IE in different investment periods, P/IE consistently provides the best correlation with future results.

The better (pos or neg) correlation, the better predictive power. Image
7/🧵

This approach can also be used with individual companies.

No metric works every time but for these selected examples ( $SBUX, $BRK.A, $MNST, $AZO ), “Price per Integrated Equity” has been quite a predictive force. ImageImageImageImage
8/🧵

If you would like to access the source data, the modified Shiller online data can be downloaded for the next 7 days from the following link:

we.tl/t-27Fxk2eoF2
9/🧵

This was "integrated equity" in a nutshell.

For more investment insights, highly recommend following some of my favorites e.g. @FocusedCompound, @jessefelder, @vetleforsland, @daniel_toloko and @ValueStockGeek

If you made it this far, thanks a lot for your attention 🙏
@FocusedCompound @jessefelder @vetleforsland @daniel_toloko @ValueStockGeek 10/🧵

S&P500 Dec'21 update for P/IE (price per integrated equity).

Latest figures have hit the highest number (1.67) in the past 100 years. Image
11/🧵

Things get even more interesting when we add 10-year forward total returns for S&P500 to the picture.

Generally speaking, not a great outlook through this lense. Image
12/🧵

The strong correlation is especially visible in a scatter plot.

As we stand today at 1.71 (bottom right corner), 100-year history does not suggest positive 10-year total real returns for S&P500. Image

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More from @hkeskiva

Apr 7
1/🧵

I’ve known Aswath Damodaran is great, but this may well be the most entertaining investment lecture there is.

The whole 45min lecture on the WORST VALUATION MISTAKES AND HOW TO AVOID THEM is worth watching but summarizing best bits in this thread.

🫖
2/🧵

“It takes me 45 mins to get into any topic, so I thought I'd pick something very specific. I thought I'd talk about deferred taxes for 45 mins.

If you think I'm serious, you're sick.”
3/🧵

“Most people who claim to do valuation are not doing valuation. They're doing pricing.

Pick up an equity research report. What do you see? You see a company. You see a multiple. You see comparables. So much of what passes for valuation out there is pricing.”
Read 35 tweets
Feb 24
1/🧵

Viime kerralla kävimme läpi yhtä kassavirtaan keskittyvää lempitunnuslukuani (OCF/CAPEX).

Ketjun jälkeen mieleen juolahti, että lähestymistapaa voi entisestäänkin parantaa. Se kohtelee nimittäin kasvuyhtiöitä epäreilusti. Katsotaan kansantajuisesti, mistä on kyse.

🫖
2/🧵

Edellinen ketjuni käsitteli siis yrityksen kassavirtaprofiilia ja sitä, kuinka se jakautuu liiketoiminnan ja investointien rahavirtaan.

Mikäli ketju on lukematta niin kannattaa ehdottomasti aloittaa siitä.
3/🧵

Sovelletaan edellisen ketjun esimerkkiä vuoteen 1982. Katsotaan nykyään uskomattoman hyvin menestyneen, mutta tuolloin vasta listautuneen The Home Depot’n lukuja.

Yhtiö oli tuolloin vahvassa yli 70% vuosikasvuvauhdissa ja uusia liikkeitä syntyi liukuhihnalta. Image
Read 20 tweets
Feb 17
1/🧵

Sijoittaja tarvitsee tietoa. Ammattilaissijoittajien suosima Bloomberg-terminaali saattaa maksaa kuitenkin yli 20 000 euroa vuodessa, mikä tekee siitä aivan liian kalliin useimmille.

Siksi kerään tähän ketjuun kaikille ilmaisia tietolähteitä, joita käytän itsekin.

🫖 Image
2/🧵

Nostetaan ensimmäisenä kotimarkkinoiden @inderes ja heidän kotisivuilta löytyvät yhtiötiedot erityisesti suomalaisista yhtiöistä.

Tuloslaskelmat, kannattavuusluvut, arvostuskertoimet ja paljon muuta. Ohessa tiedot esimerkkinä Nesteelle. inderes.fi/companies/Neste
Image
3/🧵

@KoyfinCharts on yksi parhaista kansainvälisistä, ilmaisista yritystietopalveluista. Helppokäyttöinen ja laaja palvelu sisältää keskeisiä tietoja myös pohjoismaisista yrityksistä, kuten suomalaisesta @valmetir, jonka tuloslaskelman lukuja ohessa.

app.koyfin.com
Image
Read 23 tweets
Feb 3
1/🧵

Katsotaan tällä kertaa tarkemmin yhtä mieluisimmistani tunnusluvuista, johon en ole törmännyt juurikaan muualla.

Käydään tässä ketjussa läpi, miksi kassavirtojen suhteella on sijoittajalle väliä ja miten se liittyy maailman parhaisiin yhtiöihin.

🫖
2/🧵

Heti kättelyssä tärkeä selventää, että mikään yksittäinen tunnusluku ei kerro sijoituskohteen hyvyyttä tai huonoutta.

Samoin harjoitus on yksinkertaistus ja yksityiskohdilla voi halutessaan kikkailla mielin määrin. Pysyttelemme nyt kuitenkin mahdollisimman helpossa.
3/🧵

Ajatellaan kaksi yhtiötä, joilla molemmilla on sama 100 MEUR vapaa kassavirta. Molemmat yhtiöt arvotetaan viisitoistakertaisesti vapaan kassavirran verran eli molempien hinta 1 500 MEUR.

15 x 100 MEUR = 1 500 MEUR

Molemmat yhtä hyviä, eikö vain?
Read 22 tweets
Nov 19, 2023
1/🧵

The notes from first Damodaran interview got 2+M impressions.

The second episode in “Invest Like the Best” is now out and doesn’t fall short on wisdom from one of the greats.

To save you time, here's key insights from this spectacular 80-min episode.

🫖 Image
2/🧵

@AswathDamodaran appearance was on “Invest Like the Best” by @patrick_oshag. Transcript and audio of this magnificent episode below.

The following notes cover the following topics and more: macro, AI, ZIRP, narratives, ESG...

Now to the notes!
joincolossus.com/episodes/72302…
3/🧵

[MACRO]

"I think there are two prevailing narratives:

- Fed is going to reimpose its power, rates are going to go down, everything is going to go back to the way it was
- mean reversion to the last 10 years"
Read 39 tweets
Oct 29, 2023
1/🧵

It’s a common belief that share buybacks lead to an automatic increase in earnings per share (EPS).

But that’s by no means always true. I’ll tell you why by using Apple $AAPL as an example.

🫖 Image
2/🧵

Let’s start with Apple’s numbers for the last twelve months:

- Net income $95 bln
- Share buybacks $89 bln
- Shares outstanding (diluted, today) 15.775 bln
- Shares outstanding (diluted, year ago) 16.262 bln
3/🧵

So, Apple has basically spent $89 bln to reduce diluted share count by 487 mln shares.

The typical line of thought is that EPS automatically grows since share count is reduced.

Let's confirm this with numbers.
Read 12 tweets

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