Fantastic summary @profshanecrotty of J&J vaccine.

One important correction (I need to write a full thread about).
NONE of the vaccines are 100% protective effective against hospitalizations & death. We know this from vaccine rollout (DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2101765).
(cont)
None of the trials are big enough or long enough to accurately measure efficacy against death or even hospitalizations. In huge J&J trial hospitalization was 16 vs 0 which gives a CI of 74%-100%. 16 events is simply too small to say protection is 100% & we know it's not.
We need to be careful about how we describe these vaccines b/c otherwise the public will wonder: if all vaccines have 100% protection against hospitalization & deaths, then why are some of the 50M vaccinated people getting hospitalized & dying of COVID-19?
Let's keep the honest very positive descriptions of the vaccines going (they are fantastic!) but let's not oversell them or set people up to think they've been lied to when protection isn't 100%. It's not. But it's very very high & that's wonderful.

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with A Marm Kilpatrick

A Marm Kilpatrick Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @DiseaseEcology

25 Feb
New paper on biases in epi studies led by @AccorsiEmma
w/ @mlipsitch & many others.
Paper is extremely valuable in thinking carefully about how to interpret data. Sadly, *most* epi papers have failed to account for most of the biases they discuss.
S thread
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
Two big examples:
1) Efficacy of vaccination from observational studies
2) Studies of susceptibility & infectiousness based on secondary attack rate (SAR) data
1) Randomized control trials are the gold standard for assessing the efficacy of vaccines (& lots of other things, of course), because, theoretically*, people are randomized b/w vaccine & placebo groups.
Observation studies of vaccine efficacy (VE) aren't randomized, so,...
Read 15 tweets
23 Feb
N(orth)-S(outh) gradients in Lyme disease in US
Very interesting new paper on causes of the sharp N-S gradient in Lyme disease in US
Thread
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ar…
Background
There is a huge gradient in Lyme disease incidence in the eastern US, but no simple explanation. The main tick (I. scap.) is present from ME to FL, as are key reservoir hosts (mice, shrews).
Multiple hypotheses have been proposed for this N-S gradient, including:
-a gradient in host species diversity that results in fewer ticks feeding on the most infectious hosts (called "the dilution effect")
-a gradient in selective feeding by ticks on hosts
(cont)
Read 16 tweets
22 Feb
Real-world Pfizer vaccine (& natural infection) efficacy against sars-cov-2 INFECTION
New Lancet paper posted today with fantastic data.
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
Short Thread
tl;dr 1 dose reduces infection 72% on day 21; 7d post 2nd dose, 86%; previous infection 90%
Solid study design (for observational study)
Study of 23K health care workers in England, w/ PCR testing every 2 wks + rapid tests 2x/week & PCR confirmation of + rapid tests. 35% seropositive at start.
Vaccine hesitancy was higher in previously exposed, young, women, black (much lower), poorer.
Read 8 tweets
17 Feb
What is the relative risk of indoor vs outdoor dining?

COVID-19 cases are falling and indoor dining has resumed in NYC & elsewhere.

It should be possible to quantify the relative risk of indoor vs outdoor dining.
Thread
nytimes.com/2021/02/12/nyr…
Many people argue that indoor dining represents a high risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, b/c people can't wear masks while eating, people from multiple households often sit at 1 table & at least 2 case studies show cross-table transmission is possible.
jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10…
Outdoor dining is thought to be (much) safer, due to much higher ventilation. But we still don't know the relative risk of indoor vs outdoor dining, which would be extremely valuable in determining the relative risk of re-opening these activities.
Read 6 tweets
9 Feb
Vaccine efficacy in blocking infection & transmission

(I think) We can now estimate the (minimum) reduction in transmission from the Moderna vaccine.

Thread

tl;dr Moderna vaccine blocks >90% (87-93%) of infections & 91% (89-94%) of transmission.

*Critiques welcome! Image
Background
By now, everyone knows there are 4 vaccines "approved for full use" (NY Times wording) in one or more countries: Pfizer, Moderna, Sputnik 5, Astrazeneca
nytimes.com/interactive/20…
These 4 have shown moderate (Astrazeneca) to very high efficacy in reducing "symptomatic" infections.
bbc.com/news/world-asi… Image
Read 39 tweets
4 Feb
Viral loads (& age but not symptoms) influences transmission probability, incubation period & symptomatic/asymptomatic outcome.
Fantastic new study @dr_michaelmarks. Tons to learn & haven't seen any detailed thread yet, so here's one.
thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
Background
We know that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is highly heterogeneous, with most cases infecting no one & minority of cases infecting 1 to many. How much of this is due to variation in infectiousness vs...
@_akiraendo @AdamJKucharski @sbfnk @seabbs
doi.org/10.12688/wellc…
differences in # & type of contacts including setting & activity (indoors, singing, temp/RH, etc.), & susceptibility of contacts? We have evidence that all of these things likely matter, but evidence linking viral loads of index patient to infection of their contacts was missing.
Read 21 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Too expensive? Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal Become our Patreon

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!